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Arginine deiminase (ADI) has been widely employed for the biological production of nutraceutical citrulline. However, sub-optimal enzyme properties, operational instability, and difficulty in reuse impede its industrial usage as well as increase the production cost. The present study describes a simple, cost-effective carrier-free immobilization technology that can circumvent these limitations. ADI was precipitated and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to obtain novel cross-linked arginine deiminase aggregates (ADI-CLEA). A neural network-based multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA-NN) was employed to optimize the immobilization of ADI. MOGA-NN optimization yielded ADI-CLEA with 0.30 IU/mL activity and 61 % recovery. Structural characterization using TEM, SEM, FTIR, DLS/ZETA revealed that the developed ADI-CLEA were monodisperse, ultra-porous, and highly stable. ADI-CLEA showed an improved pH /temperature profile and resistivity against denaturants than free enzyme. The efficiency of ADI-CLEA in the industrial production of nutraceutical citrulline was also studied. ADI-CLEA produced 215.4 g/L citrulline in first cycle of usage. Reusability and storage stability analysis further showed that ADI-CLEA could be reused for more than seven consecutive cycles and stable for up to 50 days. In conclusion, this novel formulation increases the stability/robustness of ADI, eases the product separation process and could be reused for economically viable bioproduction of nutraceutical citrulline in industries. [Display omitted] • Novel cross-linked enzyme aggregates of arginine deiminase (ADI-CLEA) were reported. • Immobilization conditions were optimized by network-based multiobjective genetic algorithm. • ADI-CLEA exhibited enhanced catalytic efficiency, stability and robustness. • Improved citrulline yield (215 g/L) was obtained by ADI-CLEA. • ADI-CLEA could be recycled for seven cycles without losing its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore the potential benefits favoring the adaptation of structural optimization techniques in the additive manufacturing (AM) of medical utilities to meet the repetitive demand for functionally precise customized orthoses. Irregularities encountered during the conventional treatment of tendon injuries can be eschewed using advanced structural simulation in design and innovative splint fabrication using 3D printing. Design/methodology/approach: A customized mallet finger splint designed from 3D scans was subjected to ANSYS topological simulation comprising multi-level weight reduction to retain optimal mass (100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60%). A batch of the four typical 3D printing materials was chosen to conduct a comparative mechanical and thermal stress analysis, facilitating the selection of the optimal one for fabricating functionally adaptive splints. Assurance of structural safety was accomplished through the experimental validation of simulation results against the testing data set of ASTM D695 and ASTM D638 Type-1 specimens over a universal testing machine (UTM). Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing processed the optimized splint fabrication to assist evaluation of weight reduction percentage, fitting aesthetics, appearance, comfort, practicality and ventilation ease at the user end. Findings: AM efficacy can efficiently execute the design complexity involved in the topology optimization (TO) results and introduces rehabilitation practicality into the application. Topologically optimized splint provided with favorable comfort, stiffness and strengthening features, offers ventilation ease and structural stability for customized appliances, with 30.52% lighter weight and 121.37% faster heat dissipation than unoptimized one. Originality/value: The state of art multidisciplinary optimization featured with structural and material optimization attributes can deliberately meet medical necessity for performance-oriented orthotic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The rapidly growing applications of additive manufacturing (AM) are transforming the scenario of the medical industry for sustainably availing customized orthotic products. The adaptive interlinking attribute of 3D printing enables it to replicate the optimization results of a trauma-based anatomical problem, designed and solved with artificial intelligence (AI) for structural mechanics. In the present hybrid approach, the potential of simulation engineering has been used to solve the physics of a mallet trauma transforming existing geometry into an efficacious splint design capable of delivering improved recovery outcomes. The physical measurements have been precisely converted into a customized orthosis, by executing 3D scanning and printing over the optimized parameters availed by data analysis coupled with artificial intelligence of statistical tools. The topological simulation-predicted design was processed for creating the tailored 3D printed mallet splint with a prediction accuracy of 98.49%, availing 42.6% (weight 2.87 gm for 58.28% mass splint) lighter orthosis than the original (weight 5 gm for 100% mass splint) that provides effective ventilation with 149.19% greater heat dissipation. The noninvasive interaction for anthropometric data collection and appealing custom appliances fabricated with bio-sourced materials can trigger faster psychological and physiological healing in patients. The results recorded with an implemented hybrid approach can change the perspective of medical professionals for adopting the AM fused with simulation engineering, as a sustainable alternative to traditional services. The biocompatibility of 3D printed orthotic products facilitates the removal of the excess burden of medical waste and thus the applications of the adopted approach can be practiced for providing sustainable responses to other medical branches like podiatry, dentistry, orthopedics, rheumatology and neuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Sedation improves patient satisfaction, comfort and acceptance of regional anaesthesia. Propofol using bispectral index (BIS)/target-controlled infusion (TCI) system can be an optimal method of sedation, as it combines objective measurement of sedation using BIS along with maintenance of a steady plasma concentration of propofol with the TCI device. The aim of this study was to ascertain the dose and safety of propofol using BIS/TCI system for sedation in patients undergoing surgeries under neuraxial anaesthesia. Methods: One hundred and seven adult patients, undergoing elective surgical procedures under spinal or combined spinal epidural anaesthesia, were recruited. Propofol infusion was started with TCI at an initial target plasma concentration (Cpt) of 1.2 μg/mL, and after equilibration between Cpt and effect site concentration (Ce), propofol was then adjusted in increments and/or decrements of 0.2 μg/mL in order to maintain a BIS value between 60 and 80. The average time to reach BIS = 80 after starting infusion was 7.32 ± 3.13 minutes. The objective was to calculate mean Cpt value maintaining BIS between 60 and 80 and to observe recovery time and complications. Results: Mean Cpt value was 1.13 ± 0.17 μg/mL with 95% confidence interval (1.10–1.16 μg/mL). In 85% of patients, a BIS value of 60–80 was maintained at Cpt ≤ 1.2 μg/mL. No patient had severe complications requiring stoppage of infusion. Conclusion: Propofol sedation using BIS/TCI system can provide safe and convenient sedation during neuraxial anaesthesia at very low plasma concentration, Cpt ≤ 1.2 μg/mL in majority of patients. There were no periprocedural complications, and recovery was rapid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hemicellulose content present in corn cobs can help in producing a high amount of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in an eco-friendly manner. In this work, the XOS was produced from alkali pre-treated corn-cobs having a true yield of 38 ± 1.4% via enzymatic hydrolysis with the help of xylanase from T. lanuginosus VAPS-24. The production process was optimized to achieve a high concentration of XOS using innovative multi-objective optimization through machine learning modeling and finding out the most suitable parameters where xylobiose production is higher than xylose. The Multi-objective connected neural networks (MOCNN) model with tangent sigmoid activation function yielded a correlation coefficient of 96.51%; there were six optimal sets where xylobiose concentration was higher than xylose. The best-optimized conditions yielded 3.03 mg/ml of xylobiose and 1.31 mg/ml of xylose. Therefore, this novel approach of machine learning can target the increasing demand for xylooligosaccharides in the growing industrial market of prebiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introductory paper offers an overview of transformational paths suggested by the contributors of this issue and the recent work of other scholars. Going forward, by drawing on the essence of existing scholarship, it suggests an inner transformation pathway for the suppliers, facilitators and receivers of tourism. The ultimate goal is to embark on a journey towards a state of awakening that transcends to the higher self of consciousness and a sense of connectedness (and therefore mindfulness) towards all living beings and the earth in general. To address the question of "how to move towards a higher state of consciousness?," a transformational tourism paradigm is presented, which suggests an inner path towards a state of "Being," stimulated by peak travel experiences and B-cognition, which can initiate harmony of the gross and subtle elements of human existence and transcend the self to the ultimate higher purpose of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Anaesthesia machines are supplied through a central medical gas pipeline system (MGPS) or cylinders. As depicted by the AGM, both the inspiratory and expiratory gases had just oxygen and no N SB 2 sb O, indicating that the actual content of the cylinder in question was oxygen. The oxygen pipeline was not disconnected since N SB 2 sb O cannot be turned on without oxygen. [Extracted from the article]

Mechanocomputational techniques in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing the interpretations of the crucial information from the medical data and converting it into optimized and organized information for diagnostics. It is possible due to valuable perfection in artificial intelligence, computer aided diagnostics, virtual assistant, robotic surgery, augmented reality and genome editing (based on AI) technologies. Such techniques are serving as the products for diagnosing emerging microbial or non microbial diseases. This article represents a combinatory approach of using such approaches and providing therapeutic solutions towards utilizing these techniques in disease diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses economic impact of two festivals on a rural town (Wickenburg) in the State of Arizona in the USA. It also examines social and environmental impacts of the two festivals to determine if festivals produce viable economic benefits for the town. Limited studies have, to date, taken into account social and environmental perspectives in economic impact analyses. The results of this study show that heritage festivals bring socio-economic benefits to the host community. However, in terms of environmental impacts, mixed views of local residents and stakeholders are noted. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders to design appropriate ecological measures are needed to make the festivals economically viable in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Efficient innovative 'END-LIP-AMY' enzyme consortium from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 is reported. • MOGA-ANN tool helped in increasing the enzyme consortia overall yield to multiple folds. • The 'END-LIP-AMY' enzyme consortia was proved to be thermostable at 60 °C. • Cost-effective production of enzymes and their deinking application is reported. In this study, the enzyme consortium of endoglucanase, lipase, and amylase was obtained and optimized using artificial intelligence-based tools. After optimization using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and artificial neural network, the enzyme activity was 8.8 IU/g, 153.68 U/g, and 19.2 IU/g for endoglucanase, lipase, and amylase, respectively, using Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at parameters 77.69% moisture content, 52.7 °C temperature, 98 h, and 3.1 eucalyptus leaves: wheat bran ratio. The endoglucanase-lipase-amylase (END-LIP-AMY) enzyme consortium showed reliable characteristics in terms of catalytic activity at 50–80 °C and pH 6.0–9.0. The increase in deinking efficiency of 27.8% and 11.1% were obtained compared to control for mixed office waste and old newspaper, respectively, using the enzyme consortium. The surface chemical composition and fiber morphology of deinked pulp was investigated using Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-reinforced nylon composite material (PA12CF20), i.e., polyamide, has been widely used in the automotive, medical, and electronics industries for fabricating functional parts, especially in gear manufacturing, due to its excellent wear property. The present work investigates the optimal parameters of the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique using PA12CF20 as feedstock to fabricate parts for enhancing the sliding wear performance. The test specimens are fabricated as per the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) G99 standard. The hybrid heuristic tool, i.e., genetic algorithm-adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (GA-ANFIS), has been used to train, predict, and optimize the sliding wear performance of the fabricated parts using carbon reinforced polyamide composite material. The experimental runs have been performed on 30 combinations of input factors based on face centered central composite design (FCCCD) and further used for training and optimization for the hybrid GA-ANFIS approach. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to characterize the wear crack of the PA12CF20. It is observed that the optimal parameters retrieved using GA-ANFIS have increased the wear performance of PA12CF20 fabricated specimens, and the same has been validated experimentally. Further, a lathe machine spur gear was fabricated using optimal parameters of the FFF technique and checked the suitability for end-use applications. • Optimal parameters of the fused filament fabrication technique using PA12CF20 for enhancing the sliding wear performance. • The genetic algorithm-adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system has been used to train and optimize the sliding wear performance. • The experimental runs have been performed on 30 input factors based on face-centered central composite design (FCCCD). • It is observed that the optimal parameters retrieved using GA-ANFIS have increased the wear performance of PA12CF20 fabricated specimens. • A lathe machine spur gear was fabricated with proposed methodology for end-use applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work deals with the optimal placement of piezoelectric actuators on a thin plate using modified control matrix and singular value decomposition (MCSVD) approach. The MCSVD is considered as the fitness function and optimal positions of the actuators are obtained by maximizing it with MHGA (modified heuristic genetic algorithm). Vibration suppression has been studied for simply supported plate with piezoelectric patches in optimal positions to suppress first specified modes using LQR (linear quadratic regulator) controller. It is observed that the positions of patches obtained with this approach give greater vibration suppression, reduced computational requirements, and provide global optimum solution only. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• Bifacial PVT Greenhouse dryer with PCM is designed and developed. • The operating hours and performance of the dryer with PCM are improved. • North wall insulation with aluminium foil is used for better performance. • MOGA-ANN methods have been used to explore the performance of PVT dryer. A greenhouse dryer is the most economical and environmentally friendly device used to dry various products like fruits, vegetables and meats. The operating hours and heat losses from the north wall are the main concerns for its performance. To minimize the heat losses and improve the operating hours, the present study is undertaken on a modified hybrid greenhouse dryer with a thermal energy storage system and a bifacial photovoltaic thermal for electrical (BIFPVT) and thermal energy. A thermocol was wrapped in an aluminium foil (As a reflector) and placed on the north wall to minimize energy losses. The integration of PCM made the system sustainable to use while off sunshine hours as it stores the thermal energy during daytime. It was observed that the BIFPVT system provided electrical power ranging from 2.0 to 85.5 W and 0.6–81 W with respect to solar radiation intensity on the front (I F) and rear (I R) side of BIFPVT which varied from 34–950 W/m2 and 13–350 W/m2, respectively. The drying room temperature was found to be 16–44% higher than the ambient temperature for both days. Further, the experiment result was trained using an artificial neural network and optimized with the help of multi-objective genetic algorithm tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Though core muscles strengthening using upper limbs in various positions and lower limbs in lying have been studied previously in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), no study has specifically looked in to the effects of a training program that requires prior motor planning in standing (functional position). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of star excursion balance test (SEBT) grid training in improving the outcomes in patients with CLBP. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Sixty patients with mechanical CLBP who fulfilled our criteria were randomized in to two groups; experimental group received physical diagnostic specific interventions, core muscles strengthening and muscles training using the SEBT grid. The participants in control group received stationary cycling instead of SEBT grid training and the other interventions were uniform. The duration of study was 4 weeks. The dependent variables were analyzed using repeated measures 2x3 ANOVA. RESULTS: At the end of study, both the groups showed a significant reduction in disability and improvement in strength and endurance (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis showed that SEBT grid training was better than conventional exercises. Follow-up at 16 weeks revealed a statistically insignificant loss in strength and endurance in control group patients. This reduction was not associated with an increase in disability score. The experimental group patients continued showing improvement. CONCLUSION: The results of our study show that core muscles strengthening using a SEBT grid are more effective than conventional programs. We hypothesize SEBT training to have a significant role in skill learning. We recommend SEBT grid training to be incorporated in the treatment planning of persons with CLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design The study design is a case control study. Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate how chronic low back pain (CLBP) affects the performance of Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Background Chronic low back pain is associated with paraspinal and other trunk muscle weakness and reduction in coordination of low back muscles. This reduction in muscular strength and coordination contributes to decreased postural stability, balance and neuromuscular control in subjects with CLBP. SEBT is a simple, reliable and valid method of dynamic performance and is an alternative to more sophisticated instrumented methods. However, no study has evaluated the effect of SEBT on CLBP patients. Methods and Measures Ten patients with CLBP (localized back pain, lasting more than 6 months and radiating no further than the buttock with normal neurological examination) and 10 normal age and sex matched subjects (mean age 34.30 + 8.67(range 22-50) participated in this study. All participants completed the SEBT on their dominant leg, and distance measures were collected and compared between groups. Results The dependant variable was analysed using independent t-test with p < 0.05. The CLBP group demonstrated significant reductions in excursion distances for all directions of the SEBT compared with the control group, except for the posterior (P) direction (0.281) Conclusion Star Excursion Balance Test is an effective and simple tool to identify and measure reach deficits in patients with CLBP. We recommend using SEBT as an outcome measure to identify dynamic balance, multi-planar excursion and postural control in patients with CLBP. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the study on the impact of park tourism on the economic development. Topics discussed include the measurement of the effect of park operating expenses and visitors expenditures on the local economy through impact analysis for planning (IMPLAN) modelling software, the several factors considered in the visitor economic impact analysis such as spending, and the results outlined which provide statistics on the total economic contribution of parks.

This study examines the relationship between negotiated self-authenticated experiences on attitudinal and behavioural loyalty. A purposive sample of Indian diaspora, based in the USA, is examined. The results unpack need for a negotiated self-authenticated experience through engagement with the homeland's perceived objectively authentic settings and environments. Furthermore, its significant influence on attitudinal loyalty is unveiled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs a projective technique to probe into the mind of the college students. The aim is to find out if the id of the student travelers is aligned with their super ego. Furthermore, an effort is made to identify instances of differences between id and super ego in cases of non-alignment. The results indicate that for the majority of the students, the super ego is in hormony with the id thereby implying efforts to adhere to the inner needs. That said, approximately 30% of the students indicate that their travel destination choices are not in harmony with their inner needs. Important implications for the marketing managers are presented in terms of deeper psychological insights. Suggestions are offered for designing appropriate tailor-made messages for the Generation Y markets. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a distinctive entity, and nearly 10% of patients already have liver metastases at presentation. The management of neuroendocrine liver metastases (NEN-LM) is complex with differing patterns of metastatic presentation. An aggressive approach should be used to resect the primary tumor, to remove regional lymph nodes, and to resect or treat appropriate distant metastases (including liver tumors). Despite having an indolent course, NENs have a significantly reduced survival when liver metastases are untreated. Though a wide range of therapies are now available with a multimodal approach to the treatment, surgical treatment offers the only chance for a significant survival prolongation and/or improvement of symptoms and quality of life. A review of the existing surgical modalities for NEN-LM is discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study applies a social marketing approach to study the gender equity issue in tourism advertising. Using a geographic strata approach, vacation guides of destination marketing organizations from all the states in the United States are examined to investigate gender image representations. A total of 394 pictures are visually analyzed and coded using Goffman's framework on gender and media relations. Mixed results in terms of both blatant and subtle visual cues depicting relationships between men and women are reported. Thereafter, important implications for social marketing are drawn and a means-end quality-of-life framework is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, authenticity conceptualizations have taken into account the views of both suppliers and tourists. However, most studies, at the a priori stage, have not taken a market segment perspective but considered tourists to be a homogeneous population. This study challenges that by focusing on a distinct market segment based on age and life experience: Generation Y, drawing out an a priori-based sub-segment of Generation Y's perspectives of authenticity. It investigates if authenticity ideologies influence decisions to become a heritage tourist. Additionally, it determines other factors that predict differences between a heritage tourist and a non-heritage tourist. The study unveils interesting findings. With the exception of the objectivist and negotiation stance, other authenticity ideologies fail to inspire this generation to be heritage tourists. Intervention factors such as party size (and with it a social experience) and ethnicity prove to be better predictors of heritage preference. The results offer important implications for the heritage industry. For instance, “time travel” demand based on purely objective or negotiated versions can help promote conservation efforts and the sustainable development of heritage. This can lead to enhanced opportunities for partnership between the tourism industry and cultural/heritage site managers, and help revive discontinued or forgotten traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an argument on the gender issue in the U.S. media advertising. It attempts to test the hypothesis whether contemporary tourism advertising exerts a lagging influence on accurate portrayal of women. It examines factors such as rank order of gender influence gender subordination portrayal.

This study attempts to establish a dialogue between perceived negative impacts associated with borrowing money to gamble and the resulting bankruptcies in three ways: matching local resident opinions with evidence they are asked to provide; determining causal effects of evidence on perceptions; and confirming the bankruptcy issues by using historical data. The results of the study are mixed. On one hand, they indicate a close tie between borrowing perceptions and real facts. However, on the other hand, they also report that bankruptcy related perceptions are not based on evidence and suggest that several factors are at play besides the casino gambling revenue. An empirical time series analysis of historical data illustrates and supports this contention. These results have important policy implications for regulators and operators of the casino industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is unique in suggesting lucrative markets based on perception-driven gambling behavior. It examines dynamism in gambling behavior based on three perception-based groups: “agreed” (those who agree with the socioeconomic and environmental benefits), “disagreed” (those who disagree with the same), and “neutral” (those who have a neutral attitude toward them). Gambling behavior is used as a proxy for the largest amount wagered at a casino in the State of Iowa, United States, and the number of trips made to the casino during the past 12 months. The results suggest that all perceptions of gamblers do not translate into behavioral patterns. By selectively focusing on relevant perceptions of gamblers, higher spending and visitation can be encouraged. Additionally, sustainable practices can be designed to check negative impacts of casino gambling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tests a sustainable marketing protocol for heritage tourism institutions. The marketing plans of 24 museums across the United States are examined to grasp the empirical reality of the proposed model. The model is crafted along strategic marketing criteria, including measures such as environment analysis, level of local community involvement, partnership, and maintenance of traditional preservation-based objectives of the museums. A gap between the philosophical underpinnings of the proposed model and the existing marketing strategies is found. It is noted that the contemporary museum ethos in many regions of the United States is centered on short term plans and current survival. Additionally, regardless of locations, funding and short-termism dictate the core elements of all marketing plans. Overall, the results indicate that dedicated efforts and more awareness are needed to sustain the core purpose of contemporary museums. Using an applied approach, this study offers a unique and realistic perspective to a conceptually drawn framework. The results enhance the marketing literature, offer suggestions on how museum marketing plans could include sustainable elements and become part of a sustainable heritage tourism paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an investigation of the impact perceptions of Social Service Providers, Law Enforcement Officers, and Economic Development Officers to acquire a wide spectrum of community views. In doing so, this study advances the literature by examining this unique population's perceptions of casino gambling impacts and factors driving those perceptions, and their support for casinos in general using the social exchange theory framework. The results suggest that officers who have worked with gamblers tend to agree more with the economic benefits. A partial support for social exchange theory is also noted. The results have important implications for the casino operators, casino opponents, and the policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores quality of life (QOL) perceptions associated with casino gambling and examines the causes of variations in those perceptions using an integrated version of age-graded phenomenon and life characteristics. This study further examines the affects of gaming activity participation as a leisure activity on subsequent support for the casino gambling activity within the context of social exchange theory (SET). Data were collected from local residents residing within a 50-mile radius of existing casinos in a U.S. midwestern state. Results indicate similar gambling activity participation behavior across age groups. In addition, more subtle affects of age and life characteristics across age groups for the casino gambling activity are noted. Traces of similarities in perceptions, participation, and SET behavior are found to be more notable than absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the resident perceptions of socioeconomic impacts associated with a destination resort casino and a non-resort casino in the U.S. Local residents have perceived the social and economic costs of non-resort casinos to be higher. They believed that resort casinos provide more social benefits than their counterparts. The social exchange theory (SET) framework is fully confirmed in the non-resort casino setting and partially confirmed in the resort-casino setting. Residents are also more supportive in resort-casino settings.

The Baby Boom generation has become a tempting target for tourism suppliers and tourism development stakeholders. While it presents itself as a lucrative group to be tapped by destination marketing organizations, its perspective regarding tourism development in their home states is equally important because they form a substantial portion of the US population. This study aimed to examine the benefit and cost perceptions of the Baby Boom generation to identify factors likely to influence them. It also investigates the Influence of perceptions on support for casino gambling. The subjects under study were the local residents of Iowa, USA. The study results identify important determinants of perceptions and confirm a close-to universal influence of social exchange theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study estimates benefits and costs of casino gambling in the state of Iowa. The results indicate that the combined economic impacts of gambling and its ancillary activities are positive overall for Iowa. The measurable benefit-cost ratio for the state is estimated to be between 1.78:1 and 3.18:1. While the majority of Iowans participate responsibly in casino gambling, this study enumerates a prevalence rate of at-risk, problem, and pathological gamblers combined to be between 7.3% and 8.4% of the adult population. This percentage transforms to significant cost approximations. This study further reveals that statewide computation of net benefits is not universal. The differing benefit-cost ratios across casino counties show that not every region is situated to benefit from gambling. Several factors, such as location, resort nature of the casino facility, monopolistic situations, and competitors from out-of-state need to be taken into consideration to understand the benefit-cost dynamics of casino gambling and the viability of future expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of Native American casino (NAC) gambling over the past few decades has generated a concern over the social, economic, and environmental impacts. This study examined the local resident perceptions of casino gambling impacts and their subsequent support for the NACs within the Social Exchange Theory (SET) framework. It further applied a similar framework to the non-NAC settings. While majority of the impact constructs failed to generate support for the NACs in the presence of intervening variables, a significant application of SET appeared among the non-NAC communities. Benefits were found to be significant for facilitating higher levels of support for the non-NACs. Overall, the results indicated that SET is not a universal phenomena and nature of casino ownership is more likely to influence residents' level of support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the race and educational attainment variations on resident perceptions and support for a proposed casino development. In addition, it investigates the influence of perceived benefits and costs on casino gambling support. The findings indicate that residents who are likely to receive personal benefits from gambling development tend to believe that its socioeconomic benefits outweigh the associated costs. Respondents' race is found to exercise a significant influence on their perceptions of benefits and costs, and casino development support. This study integrates two separate research streams of social exchange theory and social representation theory, and in doing so makes a major theoretical contribution in tourism and gaming literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimates the economic impacts of visitor expenditures on two Scottish festivals in North Carolina. Type of expenditures that have the greatest impact on the region with a multiple-day festival; Dependence of the magnitude of the economic impact; Tourist expenditures from the Scottish Highland Games; Comparison of the two Highland Games.

Turning biomass waste into briquettes using densification techniques is one of the most promising steps toward mitigating biomass waste pollution and fuel issues in developing countries. Despite the continuous growth of scientific output over the past few decades, only a limited amount of information is available in the literature on biomass briquette optimization and mathematical modeling, as well as the physiochemical characterization of biomass feedstocks and briquette operating variables. In light of this gap in the current literature, this study summarizes the current state of the art and recent advances in biomass-based briquettes generated from agro-residues as an alternative source of clean energy. The primary research method for this study is literature review and conceptual modeling. First, many densification processes, such as piston press, screw press, roller press, hydraulic press, and quality variables such as ash content, calorific value, moisture content, density, compressive strength, shatter index, etc., are thoroughly discussed and compared. Then characteristics of different biomass wastes are studied, together with process parameters, including temperature, type of binder used, particle size, and influence on densification process choice. The current evaluation concentrated on the mathematical modeling and optimization of the briquetting technology and the usefulness of briquettes in applications for heating, cooking, and energy production. Overall, this manuscript will help new researchers understand the basic methodology, classification, limitations, and future perspective of briquetting technology in the production of solid biofuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization of health care practices is substantially manifesting itself as an effective tool to diagnose and rectify complex cardiovascular abnormalities. For cardiovascular abnormalities, precise non-invasive imaging interventions are being used to develop patient specific diagnosis and surgical planning. Concurrently, pre surgical 3D simulation and computational modeling are aiding in the effective surgery and understanding of valve biomechanics, respectively. Consequently, 3D printing of patient specific valves that can mimic the original one will become an effective outbreak for valvular problems. Printing of these patient-specific tissues or organ components is becoming a viable option owing to the advances in biomaterials and additive manufacturing techniques. These additive manufacturing techniques are receiving a full-fledged support from burgeoning field of computational fluid dynamics, digital image processing, artificial intelligence, and continuum mechanics during their optimization and implementation. Further, studies at cellular and molecular biomechanics have enriched our understanding of biomechanical factors resulting in valvular heart diseases. Hence, the knowledge generated can guide us during the design and synthesis of biomaterials to develop superior extra cellular matrix, mimicking materials that can be used as a bioink for 3D printing of organs and tissues. With this notion, we have reviewed current opportunities and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of heart valve abnormalities through patient-specific valve design via tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting. These valves can replace diseased valves by preserving homogeneity and individuality of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve the biotic or abiotic stress condition by exploiting the productivity and plant growth of the plants under stressful conditions. This study examines the role of a rhizospheric bacterial isolate Kosakonia pseudosacchari TCPS-4 isolated from cluster bean plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) under dryland condition. The low-cost media engineering was evaluated, and the phosphate-solubilizing and IAA-producing abilities of Kosakonia pseudosacchari TCPS-4 were improved using a hybrid statistical tool viz. Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). Further, the effect of carbon and nitrogen media constituents and their interactions on IAA production and phosphate solubilization were also confirmed by a single-factor experiment assay. This revealed that MOGA-based model depicted 47.5 mg/L inorganic phosphate as the highest phosphate concentration in media containing 45 g/L carbon source, 12 g/L nitrogen source and 0.20 g/L MgSO4. The highest IAA production was 18.74 mg/L in media containing 45 g/L carbon source, 12 g/L nitrogen source and 0.2 g/L MgSO4. These values were also confirmed and measured by the experiments with phosphate solubilization of 45.71 mg/L and IAA production of 18.71 mg/L with 1012 cfu/mL. This concludes that effective media engineering using these statistical tools can enhance the phosphate and IAA production by each model. A good correlation between measured and predicted values of each model confirms the validity of both responses. The present study gives an insight on media engineering for phosphate and IAA production by Kosakonia pseudosacchari TCPS-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work illustrates the promising intervention of smart diagnostics devices through artificial intelligence (AI) and mechanobiological approaches in health care practices. The artificial intelligence and mechanobiological approaches in diagnostics widen the scope for point of care techniques for the timely revealing of diseases by understanding the biomechanical properties of the tissue of interest. Smart diagnostic device senses the physical parameters due to change in mechanical, biological, and luidic properties of the cells and to control these changes, supply the necessary drugs immediately using AI techniques. The latest techniques like sweat diagnostics to measure the overall health, Photoplethysmography (PPG) for real-time monitoring of pulse waveform by capturing the reflected signal due to blood pulsation), Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and Nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) smart devices to detect disease at its early stage, lab-on-chip and organ-on-chip technologies, Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring device (ACM), a wrist-worn device for Parkinson's disease have been discussed. The recent and futuristic smart diagnostics tool/techniques like emotion recognition by applying machine learning algorithms, atomic force microscopy that measures the fibrinogen and erythrocytes binding force, smartphone-based retinal image analyser system, image-based computational modeling for various neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, tuberculosis, predicting and preventing of Zika virus, optimal drugs and doses for HIV using AI, etc. have been reviewed. The objective of this review is to examine smart diagnostics devices based on artificial intelligence and mechanobiological approaches, with their medical applications in healthcare. This review determines that smart diagnostics devices have potential applications in healthcare, but more research work will be essential for prospective accomplishments of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Xylanase biobleaching process was optimized using OFAT approach. • Reducing sugar yield after OFAT optimization was reported 21.99 mg g−1. • GA-ANN and GA-ANFIS resulted increased reducing sugar yield 28.16 mg g−1 (28.2%). • Biobleaching of pulp raised brightness, reduce lignin content and kappa number. • Xylanase proves its industrial applicability for biobleaching of paper and pulp. Abstract The process parameters for xylanase biobleaching of mixed hardwood pulp like, reaction time (6–35 h), pulp consistency (2.5–15%) and xylanase dose (5–35 U) were optimized using OFAT approach and hybrid statistical tools viz. GA-ANN and GA-ANFIS. The biobleaching ability of xylanase in terms of reducing sugar yield increased up to 28.16 mg g−1 (28.05%) than OFAT optimization (21.99 mg g−1 of pulp) after employing hybrid statistical tools. After TCF bleaching of xylanase treated pulp, we observed that lignin content reduced to 0.29% whereas it was still 0.41% in the untreated pulp. Moreover, the brightness level achieved up to 70.4% in xylanase treated pulp while it was only 53.60% in the chemically treated pulp. The kappa number for xylanase treated, chemically treated, and xylanase-chemical treated pulp was recorded 9.90, 7.10 and 4.70, respectively. The present study reports an improved eco-friendly biobleaching method using novel GA-ANN and GA-ANFIS hybrid statistical tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to broaden the understanding of authenticity through an empirical examination of Scottish goods sold to tourists at retail outlets and festivals. The focus was on vendors selling Scottish merchandise in the United States and Canada. A majority of the vendors describe authenticity as a representation of Scottish traditions, and their definitions do not vary with their socioeconomic characteristics but with the percentage of income obtained from festivals. The study further traces the authenticity flow in the marketing system on a continuum of 1 to 4, with 1 being the originator and 4 being the receiver. The results indicate that authenticity is supply driven and that producers are its determinants who obtain verifications from the trade fair, historians, and ancestral heritage. Vendors act as liaisons between the producers and the consumers, and, contrary to expectations, tourists are the receivers of authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bifacial photovoltaic thermal integrated greenhouse dryer with PCM is introduced. • BIPVTGDPCM maintain drying room temperature in the daytime even after sunset. • BIPVTGDPCM is self-sustainable for remote locations. • BIPVTGDPCM gives future food security along with environmental quality. Environmental and economic analysis of any technology is essential for long-term sustainability. The present article explores the environmental and economic aspects of phase change material-integrated bifacial photovoltaic thermal greenhouse drying system (BIPVTGDPCM). The literature discusses that poor operating hours and self-sustainability are key problems with the greenhouse drying system (GD). Along with the performance issue, lack of information available on the environmental and economic impact of GD. The BIPVTGDPCM is designed to minimize all defined problems with the assurance of environmental quality. The designed system is tested at the geographical location of Rohtak, Haryana, India. The study's outcome shows that the integration of PCM (Lauric acid) runs the system even after sunset. The CO 2 emission and the carbon credit earned by the system are 49,851 kg and 498,514 US$, respectively. The energy back time was found to be 2.14 years, whereas the cost payback time is 2.6 years. The system recovers energy and money invested quickly and runs with minimal cost after the payback period. The BIPVTGDPCM save almost 90121₹ (1192.94 US$) in a life span of 25 years. The thermal, electrical, environmental, and economic features of the BIPVTGDPCM make it future-ready environment-friendly food preservation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The xylanase production from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS-24 has been optimized using OFAT (One factor at a time) approach using agro-industrial substrates. Further, central composite design (CCD) has been employed to optimize various process parameters such as temperature (45–55 °C), carbon source concentration (1.5–2.5%), fermentation time (72–120 h) and production medium pH (6−8). Maximum xylanase yield after RSM optimization was approximately double (119.91 ± 2.53 U mL −1 ) than un-optimized conditions (61.09 ± 0.91 U mL −1 ). Several hybrid statistical tools such as Genetic Algorithm-Response Surface Methodology (GA-RSM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Genetic Algorithm-Artificial Neural Network (GA-ANN) were employed to obtain more optimized process parameters to maximize the xylanase production and observed an increase of 10.50% xylanase production (132.51 ± 3.27 U mL −1 ) as compared to RSM response (119.91 ± 2.53 U mL −1 ). The various pretreated and untreated agricultural residues were subjected to saccharification by using crude xylanase in which the pretreated rice straw yielded maximum fermentable sugars 126.89 mg g −1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorella bears excellent potential in removing nutrients from industrial wastewater and lipid production enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, due to the changing nutrient dynamics of wastewater, growth and metabolic activity of Chlorella are affected. In order to sustain microalgal growth in wastewater with concomitant production of PUFA rich lipids, RSM (Response Surface Methodology) followed by heuristic hybrid computation model ANN-MOGA (Artificial Neural Network- Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm) were implemented. Preliminary experiments conducted taking one factor at a time and design matrix of RSM with process variables viz. Sodium chloride (1 mM–40 mM), Magnesium sulphate (100 mg–800 mg) and incubation time (4th day to 20th day) were validated by ANN-MOGA. The study reported improved biomass and lipid yield by 54.25% and 12.76%, along with total nitrogen and phosphorus removal by 21.92% and 18.72% respectively using ANN-MOGA. It was evident from FAME results that there was a significantly improved concentration of linoleic acid (19.1%) and γ-linolenic acid (21.1%). Improved PUFA content makes it a potential feedstock with application in cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. The study further proves that C. sorokiniana MSP1 mediated industrial wastewater treatment with PUFA production is an effective way in providing environmental benefits along with value addition. Moreover, ANN-MOGA is a relevant tool that could control microalgal growth in wastewater. [Display omitted] • Wastewater remediation using Chlorella sorokiniana MSP1 is reported. • The GA-ANN based tools gave substantial lipid production and phycoremediation. • Chlorella sorokiniana MSP1 reported the TP and TN removal efficiency increase by 20%. • It reports innovative eco-friendly wastewater remediation with low-cost lipid production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracheoesophageal fistula offers concrete difficulties for anesthesiologists, which comprise associated congenital anomalies and more importantly the problems concerning ventilation and oxygenation. Among all the types of tracheoesophageal fistula, ventilatory problems are frequently encountered with type C fistula. Effective ventilation can be a challenge in such cases where the endotracheal tube invariably ventilates the fistula causing stomach inflation and respiratory compromise. Thorough knowledge and experience are of utmost importance when it comes to the successful airway management and better survival of neonates undergoing tracheoesophageal fistula repair. We report a case of a 3‐day‐old neonate, diagnosed with type C tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia posted for thoracoscopic repair. We want to highlight our experience of percutaneous needle gastrostomy done using an intravenous cannula, as a rescue measure for stomach decompression, to manage life‐threatening hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 66-year-old independent gentleman presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of right lower quadrant abdominal pain, fevers and having not passed bowel motions or flatus for 2 days. Histopathology revealed an abrupt transition from normal bowel to perforation supporting a perforation secondary to a foreign body. Gravel gut - small bowel perforation due to a blunt ingested foreign body. [Extracted from the article]