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Background: Equine piroplasmosis is caused by two tick-borne protozoan parasites, Theileria equi and Babesia caballi,, which are clinically relevant in susceptible horses, donkeys, and mules. Moreover, equine piroplasmosis significantly constrains international trading and equestrian events. Rapidly diagnosing both parasites in carrier animals is essential for implementing effective control measures. Here, a rapid immunochromatographic test for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to T. equi and B. caballi was evaluated using samples from horses and donkeys collected in Greece, Israel, and Italy. The results were compared with an improved competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for detecting antibodies to both parasites using the same panel of samples. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 255 horses and donkeys. The panel consisted of 129 horses sampled at four locations in northern Greece, 105 donkeys sampled at four locations in Sicily, and 21 horses sampled at two locations in Israel. The rapid test and the cELISA were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the results were subjected to a statistical analysis to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both tests and their association. Results: The immunochromatographic test provided a result within 15 min and can be performed in the field, detecting both pathogens simultaneously. The overall coincidence rate between the rapid test and the cELISA for detecting antibodies against T. equi was 93% and 92.9% for B. caballi. The rapid test's sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for T. equi were above 91.5%. Sixteen samples were positive for both parasites in the rapid test and eight in the cELISA. Either test had no significant association between T. equi and B. caballi detection. The detection rates of both parasites were significantly higher in Italy than in Greece or Israel and in donkeys than in horses. The agreement for T. equi between the results of both tests was high in Greece (93.8%) and Italy (95.2%) and moderate in Israel (76.2%). For B. caballi, the specificity and NPV of the rapid test were high (94.2% and 98.3%, respectively), although the sensitivity and PPV were moderate (69.2% and 39.1%, respectively) due to the small sample size. However, for B. caballi, the sensitivity was higher with the rapid test. Conclusions: The rapid test detected T. equi and B. caballi simultaneously in the field, potentially replacing laborious cELISA testing and is recommended for import/export purposes. The test can also be helpful for the differential diagnosis of clinical cases, since seropositivity may rule out equine piroplasmosis since it does not indicate current or active infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The school students are facing mental health issues, and their performance is not improving in China. Health education policies are not implemented at the school level in China. However, scholars focus on college students' health education, but the school student is neglected. The research's primary objective is to answer the question: What is the impact of health education on the psychological well-being of school students? A sample of 549 10th grade students is collected from China's public and private sector institutes. The partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is employed to analyze the data. The outcomes highlighted that the impact of health education is significant on the psychological well-being of school students in China. Furthermore, the study introduced that the moderating role of sustainable health exercise and sports participation is critical as it positively influences the relationship between health education and psychological wellbeing. This research improves literature as the novel contribution are highlighted in theory. Furthermore, the government education policies must be reframed under the light of this research' findings to improve students' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the application of Sub‐6 GHz band, this paper presents a high isolation four‐port MIMO slot antenna with CPW feeding mode. About this antenna, two parallel binary antennas are oppositely arranged with connected ground, and isolation branches are adopted to improve isolation. Each element antenna is realized through elliptical shape patch and trident structure feed line. The measured results show that its working frequency band is 1.82–6.5 GHz band, with ports isolation less than −20 dB. In addition, its other performance parameters are good, such as gain of 7.03 dB and ECC parameter below 0.004, and CCL is less than 0.3 bps/Hz. The antenna has high isolation and it can not only work in the mobile communication frequency bands such as n41, n77, n78, and n79, but also work in the frequency band of the IoT, such as WiFi5, V2X, and DSRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite material comprising carbon black and Sb-doped SnO2 (ATO) is employed as a support for a Pt catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) to improve the performance of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell under low-humidity conditions. The effects of Sb-doping on the crystal, structural, and electrochemical characteristics of ATO particles are being examined. In a single cell test, the ratio of Sb in ATO is systematically optimized to improve performance. The distribution of Pt nanoparticles is uniform on carbon black and ATO carrier, forming notable triple-junction points at the interface of carbon black and ATO carrier. This structure thus induces a strong interaction between Pt and ATO, promoting the content of metallic Pt. Compared with a Pt/C catalyst, the best-performing Pt/C–ATO catalyst exhibits superior electrochemical activity, stability, and CO tolerance. The power density of MEA with the Pt/C–ATO catalyst is 15% higher than that of the MEA with the Pt/C catalyst [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary (TiVCr) 3 AlC 2 with a semi-out-of-plane chemical ordering is synthesized, and its temperature-dependent wear behavior is assessed at the temperature from 25 to 800 ºC. In the ternary MAX, V forms a solid solution with both Ti and Cr, which keeps the out-of-plane chemical ordering of Cr while breaking the ordering of Ti. By coupling with Si 3 N 4 , a reduction of mean wear rate is detected along with increasing temperatures starting at 200 ºC, which is relied on the states of the oxide glaze. Particularly, a synergism of in-situ liquid lubrication from molten oxides and a "bearing effect" provided by refractory oxide particles are observed at 800 ºC, which contributes to a low coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.25 and a low mean wear rate of 6.60 × 10−6 mm3 N−1 m−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution has been decreased by using photocatalytic technology in conjunction with solar energy. An efficient method to obtain highly efficient photocatalysts is to build heterojunction photocatalysts by combining graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with layered double hydroxides (LDHs). In this review, recent developments in LDH/g-C3N4 heterojunctions and their applications for organic pollutant removal are systematically exhibited. The advantages of LDH/g-C3N4 heterojunction are first summarized to provide some overall understanding of them. Then, a variety of approaches to successfully assembling LDH and g-C3N4 are simply illustrated. Last but not least, certain unmet research needs for the LDH/g-C3N4 heterojunction are suggested. This review can provide some new insights for the development of high-performance LDH/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts. It is indisputable that the LDH/g-C3N4 heterojunctions can serve as high-performance photocatalysts to make new progress in organic pollutant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel high-entropy (TiVCrMo) 3 AlC 2 MAX with a solid solution of Ti, V, Cr, and Mo atoms in its lattice is synthesized. The tribological properties as well as the wear mechanism of the high-entropy MAX against a Si 3 N 4 counterpart in a wide temperature range from room temperature to 800 ºC in the air are systematically studied. Combined with the experimental observations and the theoretical simulations, the effects of high-entropy structure on the tribological behaviors of the (TiVCrMo) 3 AlC 2 MAX are illuminated. Benefited from the high-entropy structure, the (TiVCrMo) 3 AlC 2 MAX presents an improved hardness and oxidation resistance, which contributes to a dry-sliding tribological behavior in the temperature window of R.T.–600 °C. While further increasing the operating temperature to 800 °C, hydrodynamic lubrication emerges, which boosts the lubricity in the high-entropy (TiVCrMo) 3 AlC 2 MAX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on modifying the surface of an AA 5052-H32 aluminum alloy using plasma treatment. Discharge power, exposure time, and working gas were adjusted as process parameters to improve the adhesion between the aluminum alloy and glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (GFRTP) polycarbonate composite. The surface composition and morphology of the aluminum alloy sheet were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and surface roughness and wettability were evaluated using a surface roughness-measuring instrument and contact angle goniometry, respectively. The bonding performance of GFRTP/aluminum alloy was also assessed. The surface of the aluminum alloy was subjected to chemical treatment prior to plasma treatment. The results revealed that nitrogen plasma treatment led to a substantial increase (25%) in bonding strength due to the synergistic effect of rough surface mechanical bonding and chemical bonding through functional groups between the aluminum alloy and GFRTP. However, the improvement in surface wettability by plasma treatment is time dependent and may gradually diminish over time due to the re-adsorption of hydrocarbon contamination from the surrounding air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Ti3Al1−xSixC2 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) with Al/Si solid solution structure are synthesized, and the effects of Si on their oxidation behaviors at 1000 °C are evaluated. The addition of Si not only contributes to the formation of Ti5Si3 impurity but also affects the composition of the oxide scale. Particularly, the incorporation of Si in the TiO2 lattice is demonstrated, which alters the formation energy of the (110) plane in TiO2, thus leading to the preferential growth of Si‐doped TiO2 to dendritic congeries. Moreover, the Si addition is believed to affect mass transportation during the oxidation process, which accelerates the formation of a continuous Al2O3 layer in the oxide scale. With an optimized Si content, the oxidation of Ti3Al1−xSixC2 is restrained. However, with excess Si content, the continuity of the resulting Al2O3 layer is destroyed, thus the oxidation rate rises again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the Cr-Ti-Mo ternary o -MAX ceramics based on the Cr 2 TiAlC 2 phase are synthesized, and their tribological performance at elevated temperatures up to 800 ºC in the air is evaluated. With Si 3 N 4 as a tribocouple, an unexpected ultra-low wear rate reaching 6.1 × 10−8 mm3 N−1 m−1 is observed in Cr 1.9 Ti 0.9 Mo 0.2 AlC 2 at 800 ºC, accompanied by a stable coefficient of friction (COF) around 0.33 in a wide temperature range. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling confirms a tribofilm with gradient composition, which simultaneously offers fluid lubricating at elevated temperatures and self-healing after cooling. Particularly, confirmed by the theoretical simulations, the doping of Mo improves the interlayer binding as well as alters the oxidation behaviors of Cr 2 TiAlC 2. With an optimal interlayer binding strength and oxidation rate, the Cr 1.9 Ti 0.9 Mo 0.2 AlC 2 can generate a tribofilm possessing ideal composition, which simultaneously promotes lubrication and anti-wear performance at elevated temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For an orbifold, there are two naturally associated differential graded algebras, one is the de Rham algebra of orbifold differential forms and the other one is the differential graded algebra of piecewise polynomial differential forms of a triangulation of the coarse space. In this paper, we prove that these two differential graded algebras are weakly equivalent; hence, the formality of these two differential graded algebras is consistent, when the triangulation is smooth. We show that global quotient orbifolds and global homogeneous isotropy orbifolds admit smooth triangulations; hence, the two kinds of formality coincide with each other for these orbifolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider double ramification cycles with orbifold targets. An explicit formula for double ramification cycles with orbifold targets, which is parallel to and generalizes the one known for the smooth case, is provided. Some applications for orbifold Gromov—Witten theory are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MAX phase ceramics attract increased attention for lead-cooled fast reactors due to their promising compatibility with lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). This work systematically investigates the corrosion behaviors of five Ti 3 Al 1−x Si x C 2 MAXs with Al/Si complex A component in static LBE at 550 ºC up to 3000 h. Based on the lattice structure, mechanical properties, surface morphologies, and elemental composition during corrosion, a synergism of Al and Si during oxidation and diffusion is found, which contributes to a continuous and well-attached Al 2 O 3 layer with improved LBE corrosion resistance. Therefore, the multi-element design will bring a broad space for the applications of MAX ceramics. • Ti3Al1−xSixC2 presents an enhanced corrosion resistance in Pb-Bi eutectic. • The continuous Al2O3 layer is proven as the crucial anti-corrosion species. • Moderate amount of Si is beneficial for a thin and continuous Al2O3 layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BN‐heteroarenes, which employ both boron and nitrogen in aromatic hydrocarbons, have gained great attention in the fields of organic chemistry and materials science. Nevertheless, the extensive studies on BN‐heteroarenes are largely limited to 1,2‐azaborine‐based compounds with B–N covalent bonds, whereas 1,3‐ and 1,4‐BN‐heteroarenes are relatively rare due to their greater challenge in the synthesis. Recently, significant progresses have been achieved in the synthesis and applications of BN‐heteroarenes featuring 1,4‐azaborines, especially driven by their significant potential as multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials. Therefore, it is timely to review these advances from the chemistry perspective. This review summarizes the synthetic methods and recent achievements of 1,4‐azaborine‐based BN‐heteroarenes and discusses their unique properties and potential applications of this emerging class of materials, highlighting the value of 1,4‐BN‐heteroarenes beyond MR‐TADF materials. It is hoped that this review would stimulate the conversation and cooperation between chemists who are interested in azaborine chemistry and materials scientists working in the fields of organic optoelectronics, metal catalysis, and carbon‐based nanoscience etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the remarkable synthetic accomplishments in creating diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with B−N bonds (BN‐PAHs), their optoelectronic applications have been less exploited. Herein, we report the achievement of high‐mobility organic semiconductors based on existing BN‐PAHs through a "periphery engineering" strategy. Tetraphenyl‐ and diphenyl‐substituted BN‐anthracenes (TPBNA and DPBNA, respectively) are designed and synthesized. DPBNA exhibits the highest hole mobility of 1.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic field‐effect transistors, significantly outperforming TPBNA and all the reported BN‐PAHs. Remarkably, this is the first BN‐PAH with mobility over 1 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is a benchmark value for practical applications as compared with amorphous silicon. Furthermore, high‐performance phototransistors based on DPBNA are also demonstrated, implying the high potential of BN‐PAHs for optoelectronic applications when the "periphery engineering" strategy is implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the remarkable synthetic accomplishments in creating diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with B−N bonds (BN‐PAHs), their optoelectronic applications have been less exploited. Herein, we report the achievement of high‐mobility organic semiconductors based on existing BN‐PAHs through a "periphery engineering" strategy. Tetraphenyl‐ and diphenyl‐substituted BN‐anthracenes (TPBNA and DPBNA, respectively) are designed and synthesized. DPBNA exhibits the highest hole mobility of 1.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic field‐effect transistors, significantly outperforming TPBNA and all the reported BN‐PAHs. Remarkably, this is the first BN‐PAH with mobility over 1 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is a benchmark value for practical applications as compared with amorphous silicon. Furthermore, high‐performance phototransistors based on DPBNA are also demonstrated, implying the high potential of BN‐PAHs for optoelectronic applications when the "periphery engineering" strategy is implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In geological disasters, the slope instability of open-pit mining may result in a natural disaster. Thus, a reliable decision-making strategy of slope stability is a critical issue. In the slope stability assessment process, it is difficult for humans to usually obtain exact/certain information due to the uncertainty and vagueness/impreciseness of the measurement data and human knowledge and judgments. To enhance the credibility measure of the interval-valued fuzzy information assessment, an interval-valued fuzzy number (IVFN) should be combined with its credibility degree as a single framework for expressing the hybrid information of both. From this perspective, this study first proposes an interval-valued fuzzy credibility set/number (IVFCS/IVFCN) to express the hybrid information of IVFNs and credibility degrees. Then, we define logic relations of IVFCNs and propose a generalized distance between IVFCSs and the similarity measure and cosine and tangent similarity measures based on the generalized distance. Next, the proposed similarity measures are used for the decision-making of slope stability to assess risk grades of slope stability. Finally, the proposed DM strategy is applied to nine cases/slope samples of slope stability to illustrate its usability and effectiveness. The established strategy not only makes the decision results more reasonable and credible but also overcomes the defect of existing assessment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient and low-cost catalysts is of great significance for the future application of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a series of Ni,N co-doped Mo2C nanostructures (Nix–Mo2C/N) with different Ni content levels are fabricated. The phase-directing effect of Ni on Mo2C/N is observed, which is in charge of the phase transformation of Mo2C/N from an α- to a β-phase. At the optimized Ni-doping level, biphase Ni15–Mo2C/N exhibits outstanding HER activity under both acidic and alkaline conditions. In particular, under alkaline conditions, Ni15–Mo2C/N delivers an overpotential of only 105.0 mV, accompanied by a low Tafel slope of 44.96 mV dec−1. The performance is comparable to commercial 20% Pt/C and higher than most state-of-the-art Mo2C-based catalysts as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Disulfiram (DSF) is an approved drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Accumulating evidence indicates that DSF, alone or in combination with copper (Cu), possesses strong antitumor activity in various malignancies. This study investigated the effects of DSF on gastric cancer (GC) and the potential mechanisms involved.Methods: GC cell proliferation and apoptosis upon treatment with DSF with or without copper were analyzed using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. Glucose metabolism was investigated using glucose consumption and lactate production assays. The expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, LC-3, P62, S6K1, c-Myc, GLUT1, PKM2, and LDHA was analyzed using western blot assay. In vivo nude mice studies were performed to verify the findings from in vitro analyses.Results: Our study showed that DSF was highly toxic to GC cells in a Cu-dependent manner. Nontoxic concentrations of Cu enhanced the inhibitory effects of DSF on cell viability and colony formation. DSF also induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death in the presence of Cu. In addition, DSF/Cu inhibited glycolysis and xenograft growth of GC cells by suppressing the expression of S6K1, c-Myc, and their downstream molecules, including GLUT1, PKM2, and LDHA.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that DSF/Cu exerted antitumor activity against GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. DSF/Cu may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiVCrAl films were co-sputtered from TiVCr and Al targets at room temperature. The effects of Al target power on the phase, microstructure, and mechanical, and electrical properties of the TiVCrAl films were investigated. The Al concentration in the films varied from 0 at.% to 70.3 at.% by modulating the Al target power. Results showed that all the TiVCrAl films exhibited a single body-centered cubic phase. Columnar structures became dense and featureless with the increase in Al target power because of the enhanced bombardment with sputtered species and gas ions. Moreover, valence electron concentration decreased when the Al alloys were prepared with TiVCr. Accordingly, mechanical and electrical properties improved. The incorporation of Al increased hardness and reduced electrical resistivity to 12.0 GPa and 164 μΩ·cm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium (Na) metal as an anode is one of the ultimate choices for the high‐energy rechargeable batteries in virtue of its intrinsic high theoretical capacity (1166 mAh g−1) and low redox potential (−2.71V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)), as well as its low cost and broad sources. Nevertheless, the dendrite‐related hazards seriously block its practical application. Na dendrite formation mainly emanates from the uncontrolled Na deposition behavior. Therefore, it seems particularly important to employ appropriate strategies towards the homogeneous deposition of Na for the dendrite‐free metal anode. In this review, the challenge of regulating Na homogeneous deposition for dendrite‐free Na anodes is first discussed. Then, recent advances in the strategies of regulating the Na uniform deposition are summarized, including adjusting Na+ flux near the solid‐liquid interface and improving sodiophilicity on the biphase interface. Lastly, perspectives on further research and important factors toward the practical application of high‐energy‐density Na metal batteries are emphasized in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter studies omnidirectional beamforming based on a uniform rectangular array (URA) for common message broadcasting. Noticing a subtle yet important fact that the whole (θ , φ) -angular domain maps to a circular region in the (u , v) -domain, we propose to optimize the beamforming weights to make the power radiation as even as possible only in the circle. The resultant scheme, termed as quasi-omnidirectional beamforming (quasi-OBF), yields near-omnidirectional radiation while the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the array elements is significantly lower than the state-of-the-art approach, which can help improve the energy efficiency of the power amplifiers (PAs) driving the antenna array. We also prove that even constraining the beamforming weights to be unimodular for maximizing the energy efficiency of the PAs, the omnidirectional beamforming is asymptotically achievable by convergence in L 2 as the number of the URA elements increases to infinity. The theoretical results are corroborated by the numerical simulations. • Optimizing within a circular frequency domain of URA achieves flatter beampattern. • Unimodular weights can achieve asymptotically omnidirectional beampattern. • More antennas facilitate flatter beampatterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Edible fungi (mushrooms) have attracted much more concerns due to their abundant nutritions and functional bioactive substances like polysaccharides. Objective: In this study, the anti-oxidation and anti-aging activities of polysaccharide fraction (LDP-1) from the wild Lactarius deliciosus fruiting bodies were systematically evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model. Methods: Lifetime determination of C. elegans (survival status) was observed via microscope. Effects of LDP-1 on C. elegans induced by heat and oxidative stress were, respectively, performed in an artificial climate chamber and Juglone solution. Determination of lipofuscin levels in C. elegans was observed by laser confocal scanning microscopy. Determination of reactive oxygen species in C. elegans in vivo was conducted via fluorescence spectrophotometer reader. Results: The results revealed that LDP-1 could significantly extend the lifespan of C. elegans, and the lifetime of C. elegans treated with 1,000 μg/mL LDP-1 could be prolonged by 32.8% compared with the control. The survival rates of the experimental C. elegans under heat shock and oxidative stress conditions were clearly improved after treated with 1,000 μg/mL LDP-1 (40 and 19.8%, respectively), while under the same circumstances all the C. elegans in the blank group died. Fluorescence microscopy analysis confirmed that LDP-1 could effectively reduce the accumulation of lipofuscin and reactive oxygen free radicals in C. elegans, where the respective maximum reduction reached 22.8 and 42.7% compared with the control. Conclusion: These results indicate that LDP-1 had favorable antioxidant and anti-aging effects, which could be explored as potential dietary additives to renovate oxidative damage and slow down aging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ambiguity and uncertainty of human cognition about actual engineering problems are very challenging and indispensable issues in the information expression and aggregation. However, existing various cubic (hesitant) concepts may not reasonably represent the hybrid information of both an interval-valued fuzzy value and a fuzzy sequence with identical and/or different fuzzy values, which commonly occurs in engineering fields. To express the hybrid information, this paper first proposes the notion of a cubic fuzzy multi-valued set as a new extension of existing cubic (hesitant) notions and defines operational relations of cubic fuzzy multi-valued elements. To obtain reasonable operations between different fuzzy sequence lengths in cubic fuzzy multi-valued elements, cubic fuzzy multi-valued elements are transformed into cubic fuzzy-consistency elements based on the average value and consistency degree/level (complement of standard deviation) of a fuzzy sequence in a cubic fuzzy multi-valued element. Next, we present operations of cubic fuzzy-consistency elements and an expected value of a cubic fuzzy-consistency element for ranking cubic fuzzy-consistency elements. Further, we propose a cubic fuzzy-consistency hybrid weighted arithmetic and geometric averaging operator, and then develop a multi-attribute group decision-making model using the cubic fuzzy-consistency hybrid weighted arithmetic and geometric averaging operator and expected value of cubic fuzzy-consistency elements to solve group decision-making problems under the cubic fuzzy multi-valued environment. To reflect the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed group decision-making model, the developed group decision-making model is utilized in an example on the selection problem of slope design schemes regarding an open pit mine in the cubic fuzzy multi-valued environment. Comparative analysis indicates the flexibility and rationality of the developed group decision-making model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the number of hyperintense foci of T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and the efficacy of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of adenomyosis. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 102 patients with adenomyosis. Participants were classified into two groups: 50 patients in whom the number of hyperintense foci on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2WI was more than five were placed in the >5 group and 52 patients in whom the number of hyperintense foci on MRI T2WI was five or fewer were placed in the ≤5 group. Uterine fibroid symptoms (UFS) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded as indicators for the course of adenomyosis treatment. Results: Among the enrolled patients, 84 received HIFU treatment and were followed up. At 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after HIFU treatment, the UFS score of women in the >5 group was higher than that of the patients in the ≤5 group (P < 0.05). The ablation rate of MRI T2WI in the hyperintense foci ≤5 group was higher than the hyperintense foci >5 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Number of MRI T2WI hyperintense foci is a factor affecting the ablation rate and the clinical efficacy of HIFU treatment in women with adenomyosis. It is likely to be a predictor of the efficacy of HIFU in adenomyosis treatment. Synopsis: Magnetic resonance imaging T2‐weighted hyperintense foci number is a factor related to the ablation rate and the clinical efficacy of high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment in women with adenomyosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study of the effect of Al2O3 doping concentration in targets on the structure and optoelectronic characteristics of sputtered MgZnO films was conducted. The films were prepared on glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering from a MgZnO target mixed with 0–4 wt.% Al2O3. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the Al-doped MgZnO films had a highly (002) preferred orientation with only one intense diffraction peak. The electrical properties of the Al-doped MgZnO films were dependent on the Al2O3 concentration. Optimal results of Al-doped MgZnO films were obtained at an Al2O3-doping concentration of 2 wt.%, with low resistivity of 2.82 × 10−3 Ω-cm and high transmittance of 91% in the visible region. Outstanding electrical properties were achieved because of the significantly increased carrier concentration. The optical bandgap of the Al-doped MgZnO films showed a short-wavelength shift with increased Al2O3-doping concentration. The low electrical resistivity and high transparency of Al-doped MgZnO films indicated their potential as transparent conductive oxide window materials for UV optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposed a novel compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed flexible wideband antenna. The antenna is composed of hexagonal radiation patch, rectangular slots and trapezoid ground. The antenna works in 5.2–41 GHz (154.98% fractional bandwidth) range with a return loss of −10 dB. Based on thin liquid crystal polymer (LCP), the antenna has an overall size of 23.6 mm × 15.4 mm × 0.1 mm. The presented antenna is planned and optimized through High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The simulated and measured results exhibit good characteristics in terms of reflection coefficients, peak gain, and radiation patterns. The designed antenna can be used in ultra‐wideband (UWB) systems and C‐band (4–8 GHz), WLAN (5.2–5.8 GHz), X‐band (8–12 GHz), Ku‐band (12–18 GHz), K‐band (18–27 GHz), Ka‐band (27–40 GHz), and millimeter wave (MMW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (Ti 1/3 Zr 1/3 V 1/3)B 2 (MEB) composite ceramics with various Co and SiC additions were prepared by spark plasma sintering technology at 1600 °C. The influence of Co and SiC on the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Reciprocating sliding wear experiments of boride ceramics sliding against GCr15 ceramic were also performed at 1 N, 5 N and 10 N (Temperature: 25 °C, frequency: 3 Hz, stroke: 1 mm). The result suggest that the sintering additives not only significantly reduces the sintering temperature of boride ceramic, but also refines the microstructure and improves its mechanical properties. The hardness and fracture toughness of MEB-20SiC–10Co ceramics are 27.76 GPa and 3.9 MPa m1/2, 30.6 % and 60 % higher than that of MEB, respectively. The increase in fracture toughness results from crack deflection and branching of the SiC particles. Tribological results indicates that MEB-20SiC–10Co also show the best tribological performance. The wear rate of MEB and MEB-20SiC–10Co at 10 N load are 2.17 × 10−6 mm3N−1m−1, 1.29 × 10−6 mm3N−1m−1, oxidative wear and adhesive wear are the main wear mechanisms. Analyzing of the wear tracks revealed a significant transfer of material from the counterpart to the tribo-interface. A friction film consisting mainly of titanium oxide and part of boron oxide was generated on the worn surface, which contributes to the improvement of tribological performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous carbon with high mesoporosity could overcome the diffusion limitations in the application fields requiring fast mass transportation. However, traditional templating approaches-derived carbons usually own low mesoporosity resulted from the microporosity dominated nanostructure. Herein, we developed a versatile method adopting self-made Fe(OH)3 as coordinative template to absorb phenols by coordination effect and in situ inducing the polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde to form phenolic resin at Fe(OH)3. Then, the generated H2O and the derived iron oxide from the template upon high temperature could serve as activation regents and mold constructing rich mesoporosity and graphitic structure. The derived products possess foam-like morphology, worm-like mesoporous structure, good graphitization degree, large surface area (1590 m2/g), large pore volume (2.86 cm3/g), uniform pore size distribution (~ 3.1 nm), ultrahigh mesoporosity (98.6%) and exhibit an excellent energy storage performance for aqueous supercapacitor including large energy density of 30.6 Wh/kg, superior capacitance retention of 76.8% and long cycling stability with near 100% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles at large current density of 20 A/g. The superior capacitance retention for SC implies a wide application potentiality of the developed mesoporous carbon in other fields closely related to fast mass transfer such as catalysis, sorption and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests that many adipokines are involved in cancer-related anorexia and cachexia syndrome (CACS), although the underlying mechanism remains to be clarify. Asprosin is a new peptide hormone mainly secreted by white adipose tissues that can increase appetite and body weight. In this cross-sectional study, we tested whether asprosin may intervene in the development of CACS. Methods: The fasting plasma asprosin levels were determined via enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay. Anorexia was determined using the anorexia/cachexia subscale (A/CS) of the functional assessment of anorexia/cachexia therapy (FAACT) questionnaire. The body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The association of plasma asprosin with anorexia, cachexia, and nutritional status was analyzed. Results: One hundred twenty treatment-naïve patients with pathological confirmed gastrointestinal or lung cancer and 14 mild gastritis patients were recruited. We found no significant difference in asprosin levels between subgroups of patients by age, sex, cancer types or stage. Correlation analysis suggested that asprosin levels were positively associated with body fat mass (r = 0.248, p = 0.043). No correlations were found between asprosin levels and hemoglobin, white blood cell count, blood platelet count, albumin, C-reactive protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, body mass index, body fat percentage, protein, skeletal muscle, muscle mass, lean body mass, and basal metabolic rate. Furthermore, asprosin levels were not significantly different between patients with or without cachexia. However, patients with anorexia had significantly lower asprosin levels compared with patients without anorexia. No significant difference in asprosin levels between gastritis and gastric cancer patients. Similarly, no significant change of asprosin levels occurred postoperatively in 10 gastric cancer patients. Conclusions: Patients with anorexia had significantly lower asprosin levels compared with patients without anorexia. We therefore speculated that asprosin might intervene in the development of cancer anorexia and serve as a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the deposition and characteristics of Si- and Ti-series multilayer coatings with respective glass/Si 3 N 4 /NiCr/Ag/NiCr/Si 3 N 4 and glass/TiO 2 /ZnSnO 3 /ZnO/Ag/NiCrO x /ZnSnO 3 /Si 3 N 4 structures were investigated. Experimental analyses were performed, and the optical performance and thermal stability of the coatings were assessed. The as-deposited Si- and the Ti-series samples exhibited optimal shading coefficient of 0.49 and 0.57, respectively. Thermal annealing in air was performed to analyze the thermal stability and oxidation resistance of the samples. The Si- and Ti-series samples prevented the failure of low-emissivity properties at 700 and 600 °C, respectively. In addition to high transparency, the Si-series samples exhibited improved low-emissivity properties, reduced light pollution, and superior thermal stability compared to the Ti-series samples. The use of Si 3 N 4 and NiCr layers effectively prevented the oxidation and cracking of the Ag layer upon heat treatment. This study presents the characteristics of Si- and Ti-series samples for energy-saving building applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the effect of spiral nucleus implant parameters on the biomechanical behavior of the lumbar intervertebral disc after nucleus replacement under compressive loading. A finite element (FE) model of nucleus replacement in the L4-5 intervertebral disc was constructed. The effects of a spiral implant parameters, such as elasticity, size, and friction property, on the biomechanical behavior of the disc under a compressive load were determined. The effect of an implant with a sharp edge on disc biomechanics was also examined. The stress distribution and contact pressure on the endplate and AF, axial stiffness of disc, and annular bulge of the nucleus replacement models were investigated. Axial stiffness, annular bulge, and contact pressure were all insensitive to friction properties. Insertion of the spiral implant reversed the changes in the AF and endplates due to the removal of the nucleus. There was a positive correlation between axial stiffness and elasticity with implant size. Annular bulge was positively correlated with size but negatively correlated with elasticity. Compared with the base model, the implant with a sharp edge caused a decrease in disc axial stiffness but an increase in contact pressure on the AF in an annular bulge in the sagittal and coronal axis, respectively. A spiral implant may provide similar biomechanical behavior as a normal disc during compressive loading, with an optimal modulus of approximately 7 MPa. The spiral implant should fully conform to the nucleus cavity during replacement for the best biomechanical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Protein color test is important for product release, comparability and stability. • Atypical color can be introduced during most manufacturing steps and storage. • Color assay methods, mechanisms and mitigation strategies are summarized. • Color formation is mainly associated with Trp oxidation products and/or B 12. • Major factors include iron, B 12 , light, temperature, aeration, and ROS. Drug substance (DS) appearance is an important quality attribute that is tested before product release. Color variation in DS batches or color change during storage can be indicative of the presence of contaminants, impurities or degradation products and may be linked to the manufacturing process, DS formulation or the stability of the therapeutic proteins. Atypical DS color other than colorless or pale yellow has been recently observed and may result in rejected manufacturing batches and financial loss due to concerns on product quality and visually matching placebo in clinical trials. This review focuses on the origins of atypical color and changes in DS during manufacturing processes using mammalian cell culture and storage. The purposes here are to understand the link between changes in the DS color and various process parameters and to provide necessary information to our readers regarding product quality control strategies with respect to DS color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of multiscale silver paste and bare copper could be a more economical way for power electronics. In this paper, bonding mechanism of die attachment on bare copper substrate using multiscale Ag paste containing nano- and micro-particles in air condition was clarified. After sintering, the oxide layer generated between sintered Ag and copper substrate was composed of Cu 2 O and Cu. The formation of Ag-Cu 2 O chemical bond and Ag Cu metallic bond was clearly confirmed based on the lattice structure analysis at the interface between sintered Ag and oxide layer. The lattice images also indicated Ag/Cu 2 O chemical bonding could be even stronger than Ag/Cu metallic bonding due to the smaller mismatch of lattice constant with Ag. Besides, two copper substrates with different grain sizes were designed to compare their corresponding interfacial diffusion behavior and fracture condition. The copper substrate with smaller grain size provided more grain boundaries to accelerate Ag atoms diffusion on the surface before oxidation, further increasing the adhesive area of Ag. Then the larger area of Ag aggregation decreased the content of oxide layer thickness and voids at the interface between copper oxide and substrate, leading to the stronger interfacial bonding and higher joint strength. • The oxide layer generated after sintering consisted of Cu 2 O and Cu. • The formation of Ag-Cu 2 O bond was directly confirmed by HRTEM observation. • The Ag/Cu2O chemical bonding could be even stronger than Ag/Cu metallic bonding. • Local aggregation of silver on copper surface alleviated the oxidation degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing low-cost and highly efficient electrode is essential for energy storage and conversion device. Herein, CoNi hydroxide nanosheets functionalized by borate ions (denoted as CoNiB) are fabricated via a convenient wet chemical process and subsequent hydrothermal boronization reaction. It is observed that rapid generation of hydrogen in the boronization process favors the formation of nanosheets. Moreover, hydrogen as a gas template is conductive to the formation of 3D loose porous structure which not only facilitates electrolyte penetration, but also exposes more active sites and accelerates the transport of ions and electrons. Resulting from the unique hierarchical microstructure, the optimized CoNi(1:1)B electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 283.25 mAh/g at 1 A g−1 as well as good rate capability (259.38 mAh/g at 20 A g−1) and stability. Besides, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device with CoNi(1:1)B as positive electrode and activated carbon as negative electrode displays an outstanding energy density of 64.7 Wh kg−1 at 814.7 W·kg−1 with good cyclability (93 % after 15,000 cycles), verifying the great application potential of CoNi(1:1)B in practice. [Display omitted] • CoNiB nanosheets were fabricated by a facile two-step method. • The rate of hydrogen produced during boronization process would affect the morphology of the electrode. • The mesoporous structure of CoNiB enables high exposure of active sites and fast transport of ions and electrons. • BO 2 − functionalized CoNi hydroxides strengthens the electrochemical performance. • The assembled hybrid supercapactor exhibits excellent supercapacitor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is challenging to conduct groundwater contamination risk assessment in fractured aquifers containing a large number of complex fractures, especially in a situation where the uncertainty of massive fractures and fluid-rock interactions is inevitable. In this study, a novel probabilistic assessment framework based on discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling is proposed to assess the uncertainty of groundwater contamination in fractured aquifers. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is employed to quantify the uncertainty of fracture geometry, and the environmental and health risks of the contaminated site are probabilistically analyzed in conjunction with the water quality index (WQI) and hazard index (HI). The results show that the contaminant transport behavior in fractured aquifers can be strongly affected by the distribution of the fracture network. The proposed framework of groundwater contamination risk assessment is capable of practically accounting for the uncertainties involved in the mass transport process and effectively assessing the contamination risk of fractured aquifers. [Display omitted] • A highly heterogeneous discontinuity exists in the fractured aquifer. • Numerical simulation based on discrete fracture network (DFN) is a feasible method to study fractured aquifers. • Fracture uncertainty should be taken into account in contamination prediction and risk assessment. • Monte Carlo simulation is used to establish a probabilistic assessment framework. • Risk assessment is performed using assessment index and probability of contamination occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn–Ti–O films were co-sputtered from Zn and Ti targets and then annealed at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 900 °C for 2 h under an air atmosphere. The [Ti]/([Ti]+[Zn]) ratio decreased from 75.52 to 28.26 as the Zn-target power increased from 25 W to 75 W. The phase transition of the films strongly depended on the [Ti]/([Ti]+[Zn]) ratio. High [Ti]/([Ti]+[Zn]) ratios led to the coexistence of ZnTiO 3 , Zn 2 Ti 3 O 8 , and rutile TiO 2 phases. Zn 2 Ti 3 O 8 gradually became the major crystalline phase as the [Ti]/([Ti]+[Zn]) ratio and rutile TiO 2 and ZnTiO 3 phases decreased. The aforementioned phases disappeared when the [Ti]/([Ti]+[Zn]) ratio was especially low. In their place, Zn 2 TiO 4 and even ZnO phases developed. The dielectric constant of the films increased with increasing [Ti]/([Ti]+[Zn]) ratio. However, extremely high [Ti]/([Ti]+[Zn]) ratios increased the dielectric loss of the films. The film mainly composed of the Zn 2 Ti 3 O 8 phase exhibited optimal dielectric properties, including a dielectric constant and loss equal to 40.1 and 0.0304, respectively, at 1 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract As one type of electrode materials for supercapacitor, porous organic polymer usually suffers from poor rate performance and inferior cycling stability because of the low electrochemical stability. Herein, a porous organic polymer with hydroxyquinoline as electrochemical-active unit is synthesized by one-step polymerization reaction between perylene, 8-hydroxyquinoline and chloroform. The obtained porous polymer owns large surface area (221.4 m2 g−1), porous structure, abundant redox active sites (hydroxyquinoline) and exhibits a superior supercapacitive performance with a high specific capacitance of 522.0 F g−1 (at 1.0 A g−1) and an unprecedented rate capability (65.5% capacitance retention from 1 to 10 A g−1) in a three-electrode configuration. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor based on the designed porous polymer demonstrates a high energy density of 29.8 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.16 kW kg−1 in the voltage range 0–1.6 V and good cycling stability of 71.2% capacity retained after 10000 cycles, makes the derived porous polymer a promising electrode material for the high-performance energy storage device. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • PyrOxin-POP with hierarchical porous structure was firstly fabricated. • Hydroxyquinoline as electrochemical-active unit generates pseudocapacitance. • PyrOxin-POP exhibits large capacity of 552 F g−1 and good rate capability of 65.5%. • PyrOxin-POP achieves an unprecedented cycling stability of 71.2% after 10000 cycles. • The symmetric supercapacitor device shows a high energy density of 29.8 Wh kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Both persistent inflammatory activity and liver function damage contribute to a poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to develop nomograms that incorporate hepatitis virus B (HBV)-related peritumoral inflammation score (PIS) and liver function based on ALBI score to predict postoperative outcomes of HCC. Methods. The prognostic roles of HBV-related preoperative PIS and ALBI scores in HCC recurrence were examined, and then two nomograms were constructed. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomograms were compared with AJCC and BCLC staging systems of HCC. Results. PIS (HBV-PIS) and ALBI scores (HBV-ALBI) with different HBV-DNA loads had association with overall survival (OS) and/or recurrence-free survival (RFS) of HCC. The independent predictors of OS and RFS were incorporated into the corresponding nomograms. In the training cohort, the C-indexes of OS and RFS nomograms were 0.751 and 0.736, respectively. ROC analyses showed that both OS and RFS nomograms had larger AUC (0.775 and 0.739, respectively) than AJCC and BCLC staging systems. These results were verified by the internal and external validation cohorts. Conclusion. The proposed nomograms, including HBV-DNA load-related PIS and ALBI scores, were accurate in predicting survival for HCC after curative resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Herein, the authors present the development of novel 0D–2D nanohybrids consisting of a nickel‐based bimetal phosphorus trisulfide (Ni1−xFexPS3) nanomosaic that decorates on the surface of MXene nanosheets (denoted as NFPS@MXene). The nanohybrids are obtained through a facile self‐assemble process of transition metal layered double hydroxide (TMLDH) on MXene surface; followed by a low temperature in situ solid‐state reaction step. By tuning the Ni:Fe ratio, the as‐synthesized NFPS@MXene nanohybrids exhibit excellent activities when tested as electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Particularly, with the initial Ni:Fe ratio of 7:3, the obtained Ni0.7Fe0.3PS3@MXene nanohybrid reveals low overpotential (282 mV) and Tafel slope (36.5 mV dec−1) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 m KOH solution. Meanwhile, the Ni0.9Fe0.1PS3@MXene shows low overpotential (196 mV) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 m KOH solution. When integrated for overall water splitting, the Ni0.7Fe0.3PS3@MXene || Ni0.9Fe0.1PS3@MXene couple shows a low onset potential of 1.42 V and needs only 1.65 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is better than the all noble metal IrO2 || Pt/C electrocatalyst (1.71 mV@10 mA cm−2). Given the chemical versatility of Ni1−xFexPS3 and the convenient self‐assemble process, the nanohybrids demonstrated in this work are promising for energy conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising working medium for thermal transportation, nitrate-based molten salts are widely adopted for current concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. However, their corrosive nature also brings severe safety hazards to the system, e.g., the impellers and cover in molten salt pumps. To study the potential application of MAX ceramics as a proactive coating for these parts, tribo-corrosion behaviors of Ti 3 AlC 2 and its Si-substituted analogs against GCr15 steels are evaluated in the molten Solar Salt at 300 °C to simulate the operating condition of the cold-salt pump. The Si-substituted MAXs present higher anti-wear performance than pristine Ti 3 AlC 2. With an optimal composition of Ti 3 Al 0.6 Si 0.4 C 2 , about a 25% reduction in mean wear rate to that of Ti 3 AlC 2 is achieved. Through a comprehensive analysis of the morphological and chemical states of both tribo-corroded and static corroded surface, the effects of Si on the tribo-corrosion behaviors of Ti 3 AlC 2 is illuminated. The enhanced performance after Si addition is ascribed to the facilitated formation of aluminosilicates as corrosion products on the surface, which act as a lubricant as well as impeding the dissolution of Al into the molten Solar Salt. • Tribo-corrosion behaviors of Ti 3 AlC 2 with Si-substitution was studied in molten Solar salt. • Si reduces grain size while increases the hardness, which affects the tribo-corrosion behaviors. • Surface formed aluminosilicate impedes the dissolution of Al from MAX to the molten salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dependence of the structure of (TiZrHf)N coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on different working pressures and their mechanical and electro-optical properties were investigated. The increased working pressure contributed to the decreased oxygen contamination. With increased working pressure, the compressive stress was transitioned to tensile one. Compressively stressed coatings consisted of tightly packed columns with a smooth surface. The tensile stressed coatings presented void network structure surrounding the columnar grains with a rough surface. Moreover, the grain size initially increased and subsequently decreased. Accordingly, the (TiZrHf)N coatings deposited at high working pressure were characterized with poor hardness, low electrical conductivity, and low light reflectivity due to the porous structure and high oxygen contamination. In addition, the coating color changed from bright gold to dark gray. In this study, the working pressure was proven a sensitive deposition parameter in controlling the microstructure, mechanical, and electro-optical properties of the coating. The wide structural variation in the (TiZrHf)N coatings allowed a diverse physical performance suitable for a broad range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As macromolecules, biologics are susceptible to light exposure, which induces oxidation of multiple amino acid residues including tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, cysteine and methionine. Pertaining to safety, efficacy and potency, light-induced oxidation of biologics has been widely studied and necessary precautions need to be taken during biologics manufacturing process, drug substance and products handling and storage. Proteins will degrade to varying extents depending on the protein properties, degradation pathways, formulation compositions and type of light source. In addition to UV light, which has been widely known to degrade proteins, visible light from indoor fluorescent lighting also can mediate protein degradation. In this report, we examine and identify wavelengths in the visual spectrum (400–700 nm) that can cause monoclonal antibody and histidine buffer degradation. Installation of safe lights which exclude the identified damaging wavelengths from visible spectra in manufacturing and storage areas can provide a balance between lighting requirement for human operators and their safety and conservation of product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report a facile ultrasonic method to prepare a series of CdS and reduced graphene oxide (CdS/rGO) composites with different weight ratios of graphene at temperature as low as 70 °C for 20 min by employing ammonia as a complexing agent of Cd 2+ ions and reducing agent of graphene oxide (GO). Pure CdS particles had a poor crystallinity and aggregated to large particles size. As GO was incorporated into CdS, a uniform dispersion of CdS particles with high crystallinity on rGO sheets was clearly observed. The as-prepared CdS/rGO composites have a wide and strong photo absorption in the visible region and display a substantially improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation by forming a heterojunction of rGO and CdS. However, too much rGO will shield the light of the active sites for the CdS nanoparticle surface and thus limit further improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Euonymus is a highly diverse and cosmopolitan genus within Celastraceae. Floral anatomy of twenty-eight Euonymus taxa were investigated to examine whether floral features provide useful information for infrageneric classification using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The floral characters were evaluated by cluster and principal coordinate analysis. Flower merosity, petal color, and ovule number per locule were of potential systematic value as supported by ordination analysis. In addition, morphological data on the ovary of Euonymus were first reported here, and three subtypes of axile placentation were detected: (1) apical-axile, (2) basal-axile, and (3) dispersed-axile. This study highlights the importance of the floral features and provides better understanding of the relationships among sections in Euonymus . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indium zinc oxide (IZO) films were grown by direct current magnetron sputtering from vacuum hot-pressed ceramic oxide targets of In 2 O 3 :ZnO with a weight ratio of 7:3 onto glass substrates. No external heating of the substrate was used during deposition. The thickness dependences of the structural, optical, and electrical properties of IZO films were characterized. The IZO film structure remained amorphous with low roughness as its thickness increased but showed an increased degree of short-range order. The thick IZO film contained relatively high carrier concentration and mobility but exhibited low transmittance in the visible region and high reflectance in the IR region. The smallest electrical resistivity was 5.44 × 10 −4 Ω-cm for the 800 nm-thick IZO film. The optical band gap shifted to a higher energy with thickness as the carrier concentration and Urbach energy increased. An inverse linear relation was found between band gap energy and Urbach energy. In consideration of the figure of merit values, the optimized thickness of the IZO film was 800 nm due to the effect of IZO film thickness on sheet resistance. Given its low temperature process and good optoelectronic properties, the IZO film has a wide range of potential applications in various optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoclusters have attracted increasing attentions due to their extremely high catalytic activities. However, how to keep their structural and catalytic stabilities is still a challenge, especially in electrocatalysis. Herein, a novel mutual-interacted Pt CeO 2 C ternary nanostructure was designed and fabricated from Ce-based metal organic framework (Ce-MOF). In this unique nanostructure, through a calcination process, abundant tiny CeO 2 nanoclusters (∼2 nm) can be produced from the Ce-MOF itself and they are uniformly inserted in the MOF-derived porous carbon matrix. Meanwhile, the following deposited surfactant-free Pt nanoclusters (∼2 nm) contact well with both carbon and CeO 2 nanoclusters. The electrocatalytic activity of the Pt CeO 2 C ternary nanostructure for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated. With such ternary structure, the interacted CeO 2 and Pt nanoclusters showed high stability. Moreover, the CeO 2 can modify the electronic density of Pt and enhance the interaction between Pt and carbon at the Pt CeO 2 interface. Meanwhile, with the mutual interaction, the corrosion resistance of carbon can be improved at the CeO 2 C interface, and the conductivity of the catalyst can be improved with the carbon framework. With these structure advantages, the Ce-MOF-derived catalyst exhibited higher electrocatalytic performance than commercial Pt C for ORR with more positive half-wave potential and higher limiting diffusion current density. The origin of the enhanced ORR performance was further disclosed by X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAFS) characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lateral habenula (LHb) is an important structure involved in various brain functions, because it controls the activity of dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in the midbrain. The impairment of working memory commonly occurs in Parkinson’s disease; however, it is not clear whether the LHb involves in the regulation of working memory in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). In this study, we found that the MFB lesions in rats decreased choice accuracy as measured by the T-maze rewarded alternation test compared to control rats, indicating the induction of working memory impairment, and decreased dopamine (DA) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus and amygdala. Further, rats in the MFB and LHb lesion group showed increased choice accuracy compared to rats in the MFB lesion group, indicating the enhancement of working memory after lesioning the LHb. Neurochemical results found that lesions of the LHb increased DA levels in the mPFC, hippocampus and amygdala in the MFB and LHb lesion group, as well as serotonin (5-HT) level in the mPFC. These findings suggest that DA depletion plays a key role in working memory impairment, and lesions of the LHb improve working memory in the MFB-lesioned rats, which involves in increases in the levels of DA and 5-HT in the mPFC, hippocampus and amygdala. Additionally, the present results may have implications for improving our understanding of the neuropathology and/or treatment of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategy for the fabrication of graphene oxide (GO) and nitrogen-containing porous carbon (NC) nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes was reported. Driven by the hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding between GO and benzoxazine, GO/NC nanocomposites with different GO content were prepared from a novel polybenzoxazine (PBZ) via a situ ring opening polymerization process coupled with KOH activation technique. The introduction of GO demonstrates a significant effect on the textural property, surface chemistry as well as the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites, leading to remarkably improvement of the electrochemical behavior. A maximum specific capacitance of 405.6 F g −1 at a current density of 1.0 A g −1 was achieved for GO/NC nanocomposite electrode with GO content of 1.29 wt. % in 6 M KOH electrolyte solution. It also shows better rate capability (267.8 F g −1 at 40 A g −1 ) and cycle durability (95.8% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles) in comparison with the activated PBZ-based nanoporous carbon without GO. Additionally, the as-fabricated GO/NCs symmetric supercapacitor devices in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 can realize a wide operational voltage of 1.8 V, and displays high energy density of 38.6 Wh kg −1 at the power density of 180 W kg −1 , which still maintains 19.9 Wh kg −1 at 32.4 kW kg −1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of resveratrol heterocyclic analogs (4a–m) were designed and synthesized, and their inhibitiory effects on MCF-7 cells were evaluated to investigate structure–activity relationship. The effects of these analogs on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were also determined. Results showed that MCF-7 cells could be inhibited more potently by these analogs than by resveratrol (IC50 = 80.0 μM). Among the analogs, compounds4c,4e, and4kshowed a significantly higher activity (IC50 = 42.7, 48.1, and 43.4 μM) than resveratrol. Furthermore, the derivatives without additional heterocyclic structure in the 4′-OH position exhibited a more potent activity than that with addition heterocyclic structure. In addition, docking simulation was performed to adequately position compound4cin a human F1-ATPase active site to determine a probable binding model. These heterocyclic analogs could be effective candidates for the chemoprevention of human breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]