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ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a wearable activity tracker used to encourage physical activity, on disease flares in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsThis randomized controlled trial involved randomizing 108 patients with SpA into tracker and nontracker groups. The participants were then subjected to assessments of disease activity, performance (6-minute walk test), and quality of life (QOL; 36-item Short Form Health Survey) at the 12th, 24th, and 36th week. The primary outcome was the change in the frequency of flare episodes (categorized as no flare, flare in ≤ 3 days, and flare in > 3 days) between baseline and 12 weeks.ResultsThe results of the study showed that at the 12th week, the mean change (∆) of the number of flares improved in both groups: −0.32 (95% CI −0.66 to 0.02) and −0.38 (95% CI −0.68 to −0.09) in the tracker and nontracker group, respectively. However, the between-group differences were insignificant (P = 0.87). Performance scores improved in both groups at the 12th, 24th, and 36th week (all P < 0.01). The different dimensions of QOL also improved at the 12th week (P < 0.01). Conversely, moderate flares (P < 0.01) and performance (P < 0.01) improved over time; however, the influence over time of a wearable activity tracker was not significant (P = 0.29 and P = 0.66, respectively).ConclusionThe use of a wearable activity tracker did not affect the number of flares, performance, or QOL of patients with SpA. Nevertheless, this study confirmed the benefits of physical activity on flares, disease activity, QOL, and physical performance in patients with SpA. (Move Your Spondyl “Better Live Its Rheumatism With the Physical Activity”; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03458026)

This article focuses on two popular sports that can put male athletes at risk of developing an eating disorder: bodybuilding and running. Bodybuilders concentrate on gaining muscle mass and runners on leaning body mass. Based on the trans-contextual model of motivation, this study aimed to better understand the psychological mechanisms underlying eating disorders in these athletes. In all, 272 male bodybuilders and 217 male runners completed measures of sport motivation, theory of planned behavior variables (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention to gain muscle mass/lean body mass), and eating disorders (dieting, control, and bulimia behaviors). The results revealed satisfactory fit indices for both samples. Autonomous and controlled motivations for sport were positively directly and indirectly related to eating disorders in these athletes. This motivational mechanism needs more in-depth investigation, and motivational profiles might help distinguish athletes with and without eating disorders.

Background Physical activity (PA) is a proven therapeutic tool to increase the quality of life and life expectancy in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Despite this, the PA level of pwCF is lower than recommended. Objectives This study was conducted to identify the barriers to and facilitators of PA in adults with CF with heterogeneous severity. Methods Twenty adults with CF (mean age = 33.3±11.7 years, mean FEV1% = 50.55±20.4%) were recruited from two specialized centers and interviewed about the factors that limit and facilitate their PA. The collected data were transcribed, coded and analyzed using deductive and inductive methods. Results Barriers and facilitators were classified into physical, psychological and environmental dimensions. The main barriers were fatigue, breathing difficulties, lack of available facilities, negative perceptions of PA and perceived health risks. The most important facilitators were respiratory benefits, well-being, and social support. Conclusion Although some barriers and facilitators were similar to those found in children with CF or adults from other vulnerable populations, others were specific to adults with CF, such as the risk of cross-contamination and transplant preparation. The comprehensive study of the barriers and facilitators in adults will enhance PA counseling for pwCF and help improve their compliance with PA recommendations.

OBJECTIVE Despite positive effects of physical activity programs in the workplace, an appropriate measurement instrument to capture employees' decisional balance to exercise is lacking. This study sought to develop and validate a decisional balance scale for exercise adapted to the workplace. METHODS Four complementary studies were carried out, with a total sample of 2398 French volunteer employees, to develop a preliminary version and examine its dimensionality, temporal stability, and construct validity. RESULTS The Workplace Decisional Balance scale for Exercise (WDBex) consists of 21 items with two subfactors, respectively composed of 12 items (facilitators) and nine items (barriers); for each subfactor, three dimensions (ie, physical, psychological, and logistic) were distinguished and presented satisfactory psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS This instrument constitutes a reliable and valid instrument for studying the psychosocial determinants of physical activity engagement in the workplace and for developing health promotion strategies.

Background Elderly's sustainable engagement in an active lifestyle is a complex phenomenon, implying a plurality of physical, psychological and environmental barriers and facilitators. One of the key factors limiting physical activity (PA) in rural area is the lack of accessibility to PA offers. The use of videoconferencing is a promising solution in terms of acceptability and efficiency to promote PA. However, the acceptability (initial stage of the technology adoption process) of the videoconferencing is still underexplored, as well as its role in promoting PA in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to explore, through the perceptions of the elderly and policymakers, the mechanisms of acceptability of the development of PA interventions using videoconferencing for elderly living in rural areas. Methods Elderly (n = 10) and policymakers (n = 12) from 11 different rural town of the South of France participated in the study. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, where a video presentation of PA interventions using videoconferencing was played as support. The interview guide assessed the acceptability of this type of intervention through the following themes: (1) perceptions of benefits, (2) barriers, and (3) intentions of use. Results Preliminary results showed shared perceptions between elderly and policymakers for barriers (e.g., lack of real social ties, lack of technological equipment) and benefits (e.g., breaking loneliness, overcome weather conditions). However, intentions of use are heterogeneous according to individual characteristics (e.g., “young” elderly between 60 to 65 years are more favourable to the use of technologies) and the specificity of towns (e.g., in the smallest towns with less than 500 people, elderly are less inclined to change their habits). Conclusions This study showed that the development of videoconferencing PA intervention could be accepted by elderly living in rural areas, taking into account some conditions (e.g., offer as punctual and non-regular use, set up individual support for the use of technology). Additional quantitative studies should be conducted for a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the videoconferencing PA intervention acceptability in rural areas.

Background Technology-based physical activity interventions (TbPAI) have recently been shown to be effective for care of obese women (Cotie et al., 2018). Therefore, it is necessary to assess the acceptability of TbPAI to ensure dissemination and usage in the treatment of obesity (Venkatesh et al., 2012). As such, the purpose of this study was to: (1) identify acceptability profiles of three TbPAI in obesity care (e.g., active video games, mobile applications, videoconferencing); (2) examine the issues of consistency or change of acceptability profiles for the same individual across the three technology; and (3) explore whether technology acceptability profiles were associated with motivation for physical activity (PA), general causality orientations for PA and sociodemographic data. Methods Three hundred and twelve women with a mean age of 30.7 (SD=7.1) years, and a mean BMI of 34.9 (SD=9.2) kg/m2 were recruited from health services that provide obesity management. Enrolled participants completed an online survey including the following measures: motivation for PA, general causality orientations for PA, TbPAI acceptability for the three selected technologies based on the UTAUT2 model (Venkatesh et al., 2012), and sociodemographic data. Ethical approval was gained by local committee, and informed consent were obtained from the participants before data collected. We used a Latent Profile Transition Analysis (LPTA) approach. Results A 2-class model (high and low acceptability) best described latent classes for each technology. Acceptability profiles changed over the technologies. Among our sample, only 8.0% (n = 25) of women have low acceptability of all technologies, and 57.7% (n = 180) have high acceptability of all technologies. The covariate effect estimates showed significant effects of: (a) age and control causality orientation on video games acceptability profiles, (b) intrinsic motivation and impersonal causality orientation on videoconferencing profiles, and (c) control and impersonal causality orientations on mobile applications profiles. Conclusions A LPTA approach may prove usefulness in understanding TbPAI acceptability in the obesity treatment and have implications for implementation and dissemination of such technologies.

Background The effectiveness of technology-based physical activity interventions (TbPAI) has recently been shown for obese women (Cotie et al., 2018). However, the acceptability of TbPAI has often been considered through the measure of satisfaction, and not through the theoretical concepts of acceptability. To our knowledge, TbPAI acceptability has never been explored in bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to explore in-depth the facilitators of and barriers to TbPAI acceptability according to the theoretical concepts of the UTAUT2 model (Venkatesh et al., 2012). Methods Twenty-six women with a mean age of 32.9 (SD=5.5) and a BMI of 30.1 (SD=6.5) were interviewed at least 6 months after bariatric surgery. Participants were selected in a panel of obese women who completed measures of acceptability (Hayotte et al., 2020) for each TbPAI, and expressed preference in using at least one of the technologies (10 active video games, 10 mobile application, 6 videoconferencing). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic content analysis. Ethical approval was gained by local committee, and informed consent were obtained from the participants before data collection. Results Autonomy, monitoring and feedback were identified as facilitators of mobile application acceptability. Lack of external regulation was perceived as a barrier. Regarding the acceptability of active video games, the playful dimension was perceived as a facilitator, despite several participants showing resistance to any game experience. For videoconferencing, individualization of practice was perceived as a facilitator, whereas appointment constraints were seen as a barrier. Conclusions These preliminary results highlighted areas to be considered for the dissemination of these TbPAI in a healthcare setting. These results will also help to better individualize TbPAI counselling according to the barriers and facilitators identified.

Background The continued prevalence of positive samples to banned performance-enhancing drugs confirms the importance to maintain the anti-doping efforts. Though the role of socio-cognitive variables in doping attitudes is well identified (e.g., Ntoumanis et al., 2014), the role of implicit processes remains sparsely studied in sports’ doping, especially in high level cyclists. While the potential of traditional computer-IAT has been developed to capture individuals’ implicit attitudes toward doping (Brand et al., 2014ab; Schindler et al., 2015), paper-and-pen IAT offers unquestionably ease-of-administration prospects (Chan and al., 2017). The aim of this study was thus to test and provide a preliminary validation of a French paper-and-pen IAT as an alternative method to measure implicit attitudes toward doping: the IAT-Dop. Method This work was based on the testing procedure of the paper-and-pen Personalized Single-Category IAT test (i.e., p&p SC-IAT-P) of Bardin et al. (2016), which we enriched with the procedure of Boateng et al. (2018). This paper was built around four studies: (a) the first study consisted in the development of a preliminary version of the IAT-Dop, (b) the second study measured the dimensionality and criterion validity of the IAT-Dop to confirm the structure of the p&p version, (c) the third study verified its test-retest reliability, and (d) the fourth study explored the relations between the p&p and computerized versions of the IAT-Dop as a first approach to construct validity. Results Study 1 developed a preliminary French version of the IAT-Dop based on Chan et al.’s IAT proposal (2017). Study 2 provided preliminary support to the dimensionality and criterion validity of the tool. Study 3 demonstrated the test-retest reliability of the instrument. Finally, Study 4 suggested the construct validity of the IAT-Dop through a significant correlation between the computerized and p&p versions. Conclusion The IAT-Dop is a preliminary tested French-language version of a tool for measuring athletes’ implicit attitudes toward doping, with the advantages of simplicity, low cost, and quick administration. This tool should contribute to the better assessment and understanding of the mechanisms related to doping and may be a useful new indicator in the evaluation of prevention programs.

Background The drive for muscularity behaviors are very common in male athletes, especially in male bodybuilders. Studies have shown that drive for muscularity is a risk factor for eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Although several psychological variables have been related to drive for muscularity (e.g. body dissatisfaction), little is known about the motivational mechanisms underlying drive for muscularity.This study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to the drive for muscularity behaviors of male bodybuilders at risk of developing muscle dysmorphia. The relationships between self-determination theory constructs and drive for muscularity behaviors, via the theory of planned behavior variables were examined. Methods A total of 175 Swiss male bodybuilders (Mage = 27.34; SDage = 7.53) completed measures on motivation for sport, theory of planned behavior variables, and drive for muscularity behaviors. They practiced bodybuilding from three to 24 hours per week and had done so for 7.19 years on average. A series of path analyses was performed to determine the final model. Results The fit indices of the final model were satisfactory: X2 (11) = 13.81; p = .244; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04. The model explained 29% of the variance of drive for muscularity behaviors. The final path analysis supported the motivational sequence, with autonomous motivation for sport showing a positive, significant and indirect association with the drive for muscularity behaviors via perceived behavioral control and intention to gain muscle mass, and controlled motivation for sport showing a positive association with the drive for muscularity behaviors both directly and via attitude and intention to gain muscle mass. Conclusions It was concluded that the trans-contextual model of motivation applies only partially to the drive for muscularity behaviors in male bodybuilders. Preventive actions may be important for male bodybuilders, who focus on gaining muscle mass. Specifically, such actions should be directed toward helping them to avoid developing controlled motivation because, although motivation for sport of any kind can be a direct or indirect risk factor for the development of deviant behavior, controlled motivation seems be put them at greater risk.

BACKGROUND As people age, their physical capacities (eg, walking and balance) decline and the risk of falling rises. Yet, classic fall detection devices are poorly accepted by older adults. Because they often wear eyeglasses as they go about their daily activities, daily monitoring to detect and prevent falls with smart eyeglasses might be more easily accepted. OBJECTIVE On the basis of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), this study evaluated (1) the acceptability of smart eyeglasses for the detection and prevention of falls by older adults and (2) the associations with selected fall-related functional physical capacities. METHODS A total of 142 volunteer older adults (mean age 74.9 years, SD 6.5 years) completed the UTAUT2 questionnaire adapted for smart eyeglasses and then performed several physical tests: a unipodal balance test with eyes open and closed, a 10-m walk test, and a 6-minute walk test. An unsupervised analysis classified the participants into physical performance groups. Multivariate ANOVAs were performed to identify differences in acceptability constructs according to the performance group. RESULTS The UTAUT2 questionnaire adapted for eyeglasses presented good psychometric properties. Performance expectancy (β=.21, P=.005), social influence (β=.18, P=.007), facilitating conditions (β=.17, P=.04), and habit (β=.40, PR²=0.73). The unsupervised analysis based on fall-related functional physical capacities created 3 groups of physical performance: low, intermediate, and high. Effort expectancy in the low performance group (mean 3.99, SD 1.46) was lower than that in the other 2 groups (ie, intermediate: mean 4.68, SD 1.23; high: mean 5.09, SD 1.41). Facilitating conditions in the high performance group (mean 5.39, SD 1.39) were higher than those in the other 2 groups (ie, low: mean 4.31, SD 1.68; intermediate: mean 4.66, SD 1.51). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the acceptability of smart eyeglasses in the context of fall detection and prevention in older adults and to associate acceptability with fall-related functional physical capacities. The older adults with higher physical performances, and possibly lower risks of falling, reported greater acceptability of smart eyeglasses for fall prevention and detection than their counterparts exhibiting low physical performances.

Context:Firefighters participating in mandatory physical exercise sessions are exposed to a high risk of ankle sprain injury. Although both physiological and psychological risk factors have been identified, few prospective studies considered the complex interaction of these factors in firefighters.Objective:To prospectively determine whether intrinsic physical risk factors and work-related environments predict ankle sprains occurring during on-duty physical exercise in firefighters during an 8-month follow-up period.Design:Prospective.Setting:Fire Department and Rescue Service.Participants:Thirty-nine firefighters were selected based on convenience sampling.Intervention:Participants performed physical tests and completed questionnaires.Main Outcome Measures:Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, Weight-Bearing Lunge Test, anthropometric measures, postural stability, chronic ankle instability (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool) scores, previous injuries, and perceived psychosocial work environment (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire [COPSOQ]).Results:During the follow-up, 9 firefighters sustained an injury. Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test and Weight-Bearing Lunge Test performances, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool scores, history of previous ankle sprain, and specific dimensions of the COPSOQ significantly differed between injured and uninjured firefighters. Lower-limbs asymmetries of the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (ie, anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions) and the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test were predictors of ankle sprains.Conclusions:These findings originally provide evidence that intrinsic factors mainly contribute to ankle sprains, although psychosocial work environment assessment could also characterize firefighters at risk.

Background The drive for muscularity behaviors are very common in male athletes, especially in male bodybuilders. Studies have related drive for muscularity behaviors to body dissatisfaction, eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Methods This study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to the drive for muscularity behaviors of male bodybuilders at risk of developing muscle dysmorphia. The relationships between self-determination theory constructs and drive for muscularity behaviors, via the theory of planned behavior variables (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention) were examined. A total of 175 Swiss male bodybuilders (Mage = 27.34; SDage = 7.53) completed measures on motivation for sport, theory of planned behavior variables, and drive for muscularity behaviors. They practiced bodybuilding from three to 24 h per week (Mhours per week = 6.59; SDhours per week = 3.45) and had done so for 7.19 years on average (SDnumber of years = 6.91). Using bootstrapped maximum likelihood estimation with the AMOS 7.0 program, a series of confirmatory factor analyses was performed on each subscale and a series of path analyses was performed to determine the final model. Results The fit indices of the final model were satisfactory: χ2 (11) = 13.81; p = .244; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04. The model explained 29% of the variance of drive for muscularity behaviors. The final path analysis supported the motivational sequence, with autonomous motivation for sport showing a positive, significant and indirect association with the drive for muscularity behaviors via perceived behavioral control and intention to gain muscle mass, and controlled motivation for sport showing a positive association with the drive for muscularity behaviors both directly and via attitude and intention to gain muscle mass. Conclusions It was concluded that the trans-contextual model of motivation applies only partially to the drive for muscularity behaviors in male bodybuilders. Perspective The motivational mechanisms explaining the development of drive for muscularity behaviors might be better understood through complementary analyses of motivational profiles. Such investigations would guide the design of programs to lower the risks associated with these behaviors.

The aim of this scoping review is to highlight current trends in the emerging field of technology-based physical activity interventions (TbPAI) in pre- and post-bariatric surgery. Original articles published between 2000 and 2020 on eHealth, bariatric surgery, and physical activity were identified through electronic searches of eight databases. Screening, data extraction, and charting were performed independently by two authors and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Nine full-text articles were included in this review. The studies reported that the physical activity outcomes had improved and the interventions were positively perceived by the target population. We highlight some consistent findings, as well as knowledge gaps, and suggest how future studies could be improved.

Walking speed and muscular strength are two main markers of health in adulthood. Previous studies have shown that personality traits may predict these two outcomes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these relationships. Thus, the present study examined whether personality traits are associated with walking speed and muscular strength through the mediating role of subjective age (how young or old individuals experience themselves to be), attitudes toward aging and physical self-perceptions. Community-dwelling older women (N = 243; Mage = 73.0; SDage = 6.5) were recruited. For reasons of recruitment feasibility, participants were only older women. They were requested to complete a questionnaire measuring personality, subjective age, attitudes toward aging and physical self-perceptions. Following this, their walking speed and their muscular strength were investigated. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. In line with the literature, we extended the associations between extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness and walking speed and between conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness and muscular strength. Physical self-perceptions appear to be a robust mediator between personality traits and walking speed whereas attitudes toward aging and subjective age mediated the personality traits/muscular strength relationship. This study provides evidence, for the first time, that the associations between personality traits and physical capacities are different according to the physical capacities investigated. Based on these results, it could be interesting to adapt physical activity interventions to the psychological profile of older adults.

This study aimed to: (a) identify the acceptability profiles for three technology-based physical activity interventions (TbPAI) in obesity treatment (active video games, mobile applications, telehealth), (b) examine the issues of consistency or change in these profiles for the same individual across technologies, and (c) determine whether acceptability profiles are related to motivational factors. Three hundred and twelve women (Mage = 30.7, SD = 7.1 years; MBMI = 34.5, SD = 7.8 kg/m²) using obesity services were recruited for this cross-sectional survey. They completed an online survey including sociodemographic data and measures related to physical activity: level, stage of change, motivation, and general causality orientations. The women read descriptions of the three technologies and rated their acceptability. We used a latent profile transition analysis (LPTA) approach. A 2-class model (high and low acceptability) best described the profiles for each technology. Intra-individual analysis revealed that the profiles exhibited both changes and stability across TbPAI. Women with high scores on impersonal orientation were more likely to be in the high acceptability telehealth profile, whereas those reporting high scores on control orientation were more likely to be in the high acceptability active video games profile. Women with high scores on control orientation and low scores on impersonal orientation were more likely to be in the high acceptability mobile applications profile. Results showed that the causality orientations were factors related to the TbPAI acceptability profiles, suggesting that clinicians should consider these psychological characteristics in TbPAI counseling.

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are not physically active enough. As nonexercisers are perceived as less healthy, less active and less strong, it is likely that PLHIV would be subject to a nonexerciser stereotype threat. We looked to elucidate the effect of the emerging nonexerciser stereotype on handgrip strength performance among less active PLHIV. We also sought to observe the modulating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between stereotype activation and performance.Eighteen PLHIV were recruited to participate in two experimental sessions in which both a stereotypical context and self-efficacy were manipulated. Participants performed a handgrip task comprising a 15-s fatiguing maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) exercise preceded (Pre) and followed (Post) by 5-s MVCs. In each session, (i.e. high and low self-efficacy), four experimental conditions (i.e. Control 1; Control 2; Stereotypical; Self-Efficacy) were performed.A significant performance decrease of the 15-s fatiguing MVC exercise was systematically observed when the nonexerciser stereotype was induced (0.01

International audience; Although studies have suggested that physical activity may diminish HIV-related fatigue, little is known about the physical experience or meanings attributed to either. We considered chronic fatigue and physical activity in terms of how they were experienced, interpreted and interrelated within narratives about living with HIV. Thematic analysis of 35 semi-structured interviews with people living with HIV in France led to the creation of four ideal-type narratives. The ideal types illustrated relations between diverse physical and social experiences of fatigue and physical activity. These dimensions of the HIV experience were part of larger identity narratives about the body and self, revealing tensions between the latter as healthy or ill, tired or active, vulnerable or robust, needing or heeding expected health behaviours. Illness narrativesand the meanings attributed to body and selfemerged as faceted by both physical experiences of the body and social experiences, and as situated within larger socio-political contexts and biopedagogies.

Both doping (e.g. Hodge, K., Hargreaves, E. A., Gerrard, D. F., & Lonsdale, C. (2013). Psychological mechanisms underlying doping attitudes in sport: Motivation and moral disengagement. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35, 419-432.) and eating behaviours (e.g. Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Harris, J. (2006). From psychological need satisfaction to intentional behaviour: Testing a motivational sequence in two behavioural contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 131-148.) have been studied independently within the SDT framework, but no research has examined these variables concomitantly to better understand the relationships between motivation for sport and doping variables. We therefore examined the mediating role of eating behaviour in the relationship between SDT constructs for sport motivation and athletes' susceptibility to doping. Bootstrapped mediation analyses were performed for 171 male and female athletes with competitive experience in various sports. The analyses revealed that healthy eating behaviours significantly mediated the relationship between SDT motivational constructs and susceptibility to doping. The findings enrich our theoretical understanding of how the SDT approach to motivation for sport might provide insight into the susceptibility to doping; that is, through the potential mediating role of healthy eating behaviours. Finally, the potential central position of eating behaviours in the motivation-doping relationship opens up a potential swathe of novel research, with investigations into eating behaviours at the forefront of future research on the psychology of doping.

Over the long term, people who have undergone bariatric surgery (BS) remain overly sedentary with inadequate physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to apply the transtheoretical model (TTM) to (1) explore in-depth how PA is experienced years after BS and (2) identify the barriers to and facilitators of PA involved at each stage of change (SOC). Seventeen women with a mean age of 32.5 ± 3.3 years and a percentage of total weight loss of 29.6 ± 12.4 were interviewed at a mean of 9.4 ± 3.6 years after BS. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The distribution of barriers to and facilitators of PA differed with the SOC. In progressing from the precontemplation and contemplation stages to the preparation stage, the women experienced changes in their decisional balance, supported by processes of self-reevaluation and environmental reevaluation. In shifting from preparation to the action and maintenance stages, they experienced intrinsic motivation and self-liberation processes. The relapse stage was associated with a decrease in self-efficacy to cope with life constraints. This study presents an in-depth theory-based exploration of the dynamics of long-term engagement in PA after BS in young women, with clinical implications for providing them with better guidance toward a more physically active lifestyle.

Background Physical activity can slow the ageing process and preserve autonomy in the elderly. The aim of this study was to assess the combined impact of an organized urban walking circuit and individual coaching on women senior citizens' physical well-being and quality of life. Methods Insufficiently physically active women >65 years were included in a quasi-experimental trial. Active arm: District with improved urban environment (IUE). Control arm: District without improved urban environment (WIUE). In each district, subjects were randomly allocated to receive coaching (C+ vs. C-). The main outcome measures were endurance, physical activity score, flexibility, quality of life, physical self-esteem, ageing exercise stereotypes, functional health and perceived health at baseline, three (M3) and six (M6) months. Results Fifty-two insufficiently physically active women were included, 23 in IUE and 29 in WIUE. Groups were comparable at baseline. At M3, endurance and physical activity score significantly improved compared with baseline in the IUE group and in the C+ group while no statistically significant change was observed for the WIUE group and the C- group. Moreover, endurance score was higher in the IUE group, whether coupled with coaching or not. After the coaching was removed, the IUE group regresses to baseline overall and the WIUE shows a decrement in endurance. Conclusion Our study highlights the positive impact of an improved environment and of individual coaching on the level of physical activity and quality of life of insufficiently physically active elderly women.

Background The benefits of supervised physical activity programs in cardiac rehabilitation have been amply demonstrated, but the quantity of physical activity often declines quickly once supervision ends. This trial assesses the effectiveness of an experimental intervention drawing on habit formation theory to maintain physical activity. Methods Cardiovascular patients (N = 47) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group participated in two supervised physical activity (SPA) sessions per week for 20 weeks. The second group was offered a progressively autonomous physical activity (PAPA) program as follows: the same supervised program as the SPA group for 10 weeks and then a further 10 weeks with one supervised session replaced by a strategy to build and sustain the habit of autonomous physical activity. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; Craig et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(8):1381–1395, 2003) was used to measure the quantity of physical activity, which was the primary outcome. The number of participants was limited, and we thus took multiple IPAQ measurements (at 0, 5, 7, 9 and 12 months after the start of the intervention) and used a mixed model for analysis. Physical condition, automaticity of the physical activity behavior, motivation, and quality of life were examined for changes. Results No significant between-group differences were noted for physical activity behaviors after the program, physical condition, motivation, or behavioral automaticity. The PAPA group nevertheless completed more PA sessions during the intervention, and their quality of life was significantly higher than that of the SPA group at 12 months. Conclusion Although the number of supervised sessions was lower, the progressively autonomous PA program resulted in the same or even higher positive outcomes than the fully supervised PA program. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN77313697, retrospectively registered on 20 November 2015.

International audience; Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is an excessive preoccupation with the pursuit of a lean, hypermuscular body, which is associated with deviant behaviors that particularly affects bodybuilders. Although some meta-analyses on this subject have been implemented, none of them take into account sociodemographic, sociocultural and psychological factors associated with MD. The objective of this study was to review international scientific articles in English, published between 1995 and 2017, related to the drive for muscularity and muscle dysmorphia. Using three electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect), and according to three inclusion criteria, 86 articles were selected. The content analysis allowed us to identify four sets of research: (a) behaviors and deviations related to the drive for muscularity and muscle dysmorphia; (b) sociodemographic factors; (c) sociocultural factors; (d) psychological factors. The contributions of these studies are discussed, and their limitations identified, while considering some perspectives for research and prevention.; La Dysmorphie Musculaire (DM) est une préoccupation excessive relative à la prise de masse musculaire et à l’adoption de comportements déviants associés qui touche particulièrement les bodybuilders. Bien que plusieurs méta-analyses aient été réalisées sur ce sujet, aucune d’entre elles n’a porté sur les facteurs sociodémographiques, socioculturels et psychologiques associés à la DM. L’objectif de ce travail était de recenser l’ensemble des articles scientifiques publiés dans des revues internationales en langue anglaise, entre 1995 et 2017, relatifs à la recherche de prise de masse musculaire et à la DM. A l’aide de trois bases de données électroniques (GoogleScholar, PubMed, et ScienceDirect) et selon trois critères d’inclusion, 86 articles ont été retenus. L’analyse du contenu de ces articles a permis d’identifier quatre catégories de travaux: (a) les comportements et les troubles associés à la recherche de masse musculaire et à la DM; (b) les facteurs sociodémographiques; (c) les facteurs socio-culturels; (d) et les facteurs psychologiques associés. Les apports de ces études sont discutés, et leurs limites identifiées afin d’envisager des perspectives de recherches et de prévention.

This study examined whether stereotype-inconsistent information interacts with implicit theories of ability to affect handgrip strength in older adults. Eighty-two retired older adults (13 men and 69 women) from 61 to 89 years old (Mage = 75.8 years; SD = 6.9) performed maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) during a handgrip task in a design manipulating implicit theories of ability and stereotype-inconsistent information related to physical decline with aging. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: incremental condition, entity condition, or control group. The results showed that in the incremental condition the stereotype-inconsistent information improved the peak MVC, the average MVC, the peak rate of force development (RFD), and RFD in the initial 50 ms of the MVC. This study therefore demonstrated that individuals with an incremental mindset who are exposed to stereotype-inconsistent information can boost their physical performance. These findings are discussed from the perspective of regulatory fit (i.e., when task framing is congruent with the individual's goal).

International audience; Objectives: The study of how team sport athletes cope with stress in a collective way (i.e., communal coping, Lyons, Mickelson, Sullivan, & Coyne, 1998) is recent in sport. To date no questionnaire has been created to assess the specific communal coping strategies that team sport athletes use to cope collectively. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop and validate a questionnaire measuring communal coping at the team sport level (i.e., the Communal Coping Strategies Inventory for Competitive Team Sports - CCSICTS).Method: Study 1 focused on creating items for the CCSICTS and tested their clarity and applicability. Study 2 tested the factorial structure of the CCSICTS with a sample of 371 Sport Science students. Study 3 examined the convergent validity of the questionnaire with other concepts such as affect, individual coping and cohesion.Results: Study 1 resulted in the development of an initial pool comprising 66 items. The results of Study 2 showed that a model with 36 items fit the data well. These items measured 12 coping strategies, 11 of which are grouped into four higher-order dimensions. Study 3 showed congruent links between communal coping and tested concepts.Conclusion: The CCSICTS is the first known measure specifically created to capture the singularity of communal coping in team sports. The validation of this tool allows new investigations of communal coping mechanisms through quantitative studies.

Background Technology-based physical activity suggests new opportunities for public health initiatives. Yet only 45% of technology interventions are theoretically based, and the acceptability mechanisms have been insufficiently studied. Acceptability and acceptance theories have provided interesting insights, particularly the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2). In several studies, the psychometric qualities of acceptability scales have not been well demonstrated. Objective The aim of this study was to adapt the UTAUT2 to the electronic health (eHealth) context and provide a preliminary validation of the eHealth acceptability scale in a French sample. Methods In line with the reference validation methodologies, we carried out the following stages of validating the scale with a total of 576 volunteers: translation and adaptation, dimensionality tests, reliability tests, and construct validity tests. We used confirmatory factor analysis to validate a 22-item instrument with 7 subscales: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation, Price Value, and Habit. Results The dimensionality tests showed that the bifactor confirmatory model presented the best fit indexes: χ2173=434.86 (P

Aims and objectives To get a deeper understanding of correlates of perceived HIV-related fatigue by exploring its associations with sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity level of HIV-infected people. Background Previous studies on HIV-related fatigue have mainly focused on physiological and psychological characteristics, but few have considered its associations with sociodemographic variables. In addition, while physical activity has been found to reduce acute fatigue among HIV-infected people, its links with chronic HIV-related fatigue remain to be explored. Design The study employed an observational and cross-sectional survey design. The manuscript was organised according to STROBE guidelines. Method A total of 560 people living with HIV in France completed a measure of perceived physical fatigue using the Fatigue Intensity Scale. The predictors targeted sociodemographic characteristics and two measures of individuals' reported level of physical activity. Data were analysed by a stepwise multiple regression model. Results The results showed that lower age, higher physical activity level and socio-economic status were significantly associated with reduced perceived physical fatigue, explaining 25% of the variance. Conclusions The results highlighted the importance of considering sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics to better characterise HIV-related fatigue, in particular in an era where HIV as a chronic illness challenges questions of quality of life throughout increasingly longer lifespans. Relevance to clinical practice The results of this study have implications for HIV care professionals in terms of improving strategies for managing chronic fatigue or promoting physical activity according to more specific profiles of HIV-infected people.

Objectives The benefits of physical activity in people living with HIV (PLHIV) are numerous and are largely reported in the literature. Understanding why PLHIV engage or not in physical activity is key to better accompanying health behaviors. Through a qualitative approach, our study sought to identify barriers to and facilitators of physical activity participation in PLHIV. Methods PLHIV were recruited by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried-out in Center and Southern France. The data were analyzed following the principals of thematic analysis. Physical activity level was assessed through questions related to physical activity recommendations and a physical activity questionnaire. Results Fifteen semi-structured interviews (seven men and eight women; Mage = 46.6; SD = 10.3) were analyzed. Only a third of our sample was considered physically active with almost half being considered inactive according to recommendations. A multidimensional perspective of physical activity barriers and facilitators emerged. Barriers to and facilitators of physical activity were related to the physical, psychological and socio-environmental domains. Discussion Our research sought to better understand the beliefs and attitudes of PLHIV towards physical activity. Physical activity was overall viewed as beneficial by both active and less active PLHIV; however, PLHIV remain insufficiently active. This is discussed through our multidimensional approach of the barriers to and facilitators of physical activity.