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Ikastola, gora gure ikastola! Expérimentations, expériences inoubliables et expérients. Andereños, Nanas immenses et cœurs pyramidaux. Les uns à Amoroto, les autres à Markina. Pluie de suie. Affectation, affectés, affection et affect. Annexe. 7.1. Ikastola, gora gure ikastola! Dans les années soixante, des évènements fondamentaux ont eu lieu ici dans le domaine de la langue, notamment, comme nous les verrons au chapitre suivant, dans la normativisation et la standardisation du basque. Parallè...

L’union fait la force. Nous parlons une même langue. Statisticiens visionnaires et déclaration de principes. Prise de décisions. Mémoire à long terme. 8.1. L’union fait la force L’unification de la langue basque fut un processus pénible et compliqué dont nous n’avons pas l’intention de raconter les vicissitudes historiques, car cette grande histoire nous a déjà souvent été racontée, entre autres par le dialectologue Koldo Zuazo, non seulement dans sa thèse doctorale écrite intégralement en ba...

L’inflexion verbale basque : une machinerie sophistiquée. Formes verbales synthétiques et analytiques dans une langue synthétique et une langue qui ne l’est pas. Ce que cache l’inflexion (et ce qu’elle ne cache pas) : arguments et obliques, acteurs principaux et seconds rôles. La rébellion des obliques. ki et une petite parenthèse. Des étrangers au nom bizarre se sont glissés dans l’inflexion : les allocutifs. Verbes auxiliaires et formes analytiques. Intransitifs contre transitifs. Participe...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESKD), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Despite advances in the nephroprotective treatment of T2DM, DKD remains the most common complication, driving the need for renal replacement therapies (RRT) worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Until recently, prevention of DKD progression was based around strict blood pressure (BP) control, using renin–angiotensin system blockers that simultaneously reduce BP and proteinuria, adequate glycemic control and control of cardiovascular risk factors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are a new class of anti-hyperglycemic drugs shown to improve cardiovascular and renal events in DKD. In this regard, GLP-1RA o er the potential for adequate glycemic control in multiple stages of DKD without an increased risk of hypoglycemia, preventing the onset of macroalbuminuria and slowing the decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in diabetic patients, also bringing additional benefit in weight reduction, cardiovascular and other kidney outcomes. Results from ongoing trials are pending to assess the impact of GLP-1RA treatments on primary kidney endpoints in DKD

Albuminuria; Atrasentan; Canagliflozin Albuminuria; Atrasentan; Canagliflozina Albuminúria; Atrasentan; Canagliflozina In April 2019, two major Phase 3 randomized clinical trials were published that assessed primary renal outcomes in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) tested an already available antidiabetic drug, canagliflozin, and the Study of Diabetic Nephropathy with Atrasentan (SONAR) tested a novel molecule, the endothelin-1 receptor blocker atrasentan, both on top of renin-angiotensin system blockade. Both trials demonstrated significant nephroprotection in patients with overt DKD (albuminuria >300 mg/g urinary creatinine) for combined primary endpoints of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), doubling of serum creatinine or death from renal or cardiovascular causes in CREDENCE {hazard ratio [HR] 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.82]} and ESKD and doubling of serum creatinine in SONAR [HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.49-0.88)]. Canagliflozin also decreased the secondary renal endpoint ESKD, doubling of serum creatinine or renal death [HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.53-0.81)], which was similar in nature and impact to the primary endpoint in SONAR. In addition, canagliflozin decreased a secondary endpoint of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure [HR 0.69 (95% CI 0.57-0.83)], whereas atrasentan had no significant impact on a secondary cardiovascular composite endpoint or on hospital admissions for heart failure and, despite restrictive exclusion criteria, there was a non-significant trend towards more frequent episodes of heart failure. Based on these results, canagliflozin will likely be approved for the indication of treating DKD in T2DM and the estimated glomerular filtration rate threshold for prescribing it will be lifted, whereas the future and place of atrasentan in the treatment of DKD remain unclear. Funded by FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI16/02057, PI16/01814. PI17/00257, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009), Sociedad Espanola de Nefrología, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid en Biomedicina B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. E.P. is a researcher in the Ramón y Cajal Program.

Starting from Belleti and Rizzi’s (1988) work, there has been a great progress in the understanding of psych predicates, but not as much on the predication involving psych adjectives and nouns. Adger and Ramchand’s (2006) work on Scottish Gaelic is one exception.In this language, there are nouns that express psych states, and the experiencer and theme arguments are shown as prepositional arguments of these nouns. In Basque too, there are psych nouns, such as laket, and they are found with postpositional phrases that are interpreted as the themes of the psychological state expressed by the predicate. The experiencer, on the other hand, can occur either with absolutive case, ergative case or dative case. In this paper, we show that, like in Scottish Gaelic, the locative theme forms a constituent together with the psych noun in Basque. On the contrary, the experiencer does not belong to this constituent, as it is introduced by a functional head that is higher than the Pred(ication) phrase (Bowers 1993). In the case of the dative experiencer, it is introduced by an Applicative head -either Possession Appl (Adger and Ramchand 2008) or a High Appl (Pylkkänen 2002)-. The ergative, in contrast, is introduced by Voice (Kratzer 1996, Berro 2015).We dedicate this work to professor Joakin Gorrotxategi. We do not work in the same scientific fields, but leaving aside the differences from one another, language is a wonderland for the three of us. As the saying goes, "a leopard cannot change its spots".; Belleti and Rizzi (1988) lanetik aurrera, asko dira hizkuntzalaritza teorikoak predikatu psikologikoez eman dizkigun irakaspenak, baina ez dira horrenbeste izen edo adjektibo psikologikoek sortzen duten predikazioarekin lotutakoak. Adger and Ramchand-ek (2006) Eskoziako gaelikoaz egindako azterketa da salbuespen horietako bat. Hizkuntza honetan, egoera psikologikoa adierazten duten izenak daude, eta esperimentatzailea eta gaia, izen horiekin batera datozen preposizio sintagmak izaten dira. Euskaraz ere izen eta adjektibo psikologikoak daude, laket adibidez, eta gai lokatiboarekin batera jasotzen dira, hots, postposizio sintagma batekin. Esperimentatzailea, berriz, absolutiboarekin, ergatiboarekin edo datiboarekin marka daiteke egitura zein den. Lan honetan erakutsiko dugunez, gai lokatiboak osagai bakarra osatzen du izen eta adjektibo psikologikoarekin, bai gaelikoz bai euskaraz; ez, aldiz, esperimentatzaileak, zeina Predikatu Sintagma (Bowers 1993) baino goragoko buru bati zor zaion: Aplikatiboari, datiboaz markatzen denean, dela Adger and Ramchand-en Jabetza Aplikatibo burua, dela Pylkkänen-en Goi Aplikatiboa 2008 [2002], eta Boz buruari (Kratzer 1996, Berro 2015) esperimentatzailea ergatiboaz markatzen denean. Lana, Joakin Gorrotxategi irakasleari eskaini nahi diogu. Ez gara ikerkuntza eremu berekoak, baina eremu batetik bestera dagoen aldea gorabehera, hizkuntza da hiruron lurralde miresgarria, eta esaera zaharrak dioen bezala, "Orhiko xoria, Orhin lakhet".

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 23-06-2017

Resumen basado en el de la publicación Se estudia el sonido en las aulas de educación infantil y primaria. A través de la experimentación y del aprendizaje cooperativo, los alumnos descubren qué es el sonido, cómo se produce y qué elementos lo componen (fuente, medios y detector del sonido). Para asimilar mejor la propagación del sonido por el aire se realizaron diferentes experimentos que finalizaron con la comprensión del funcionamiento del teléfono acústico. Cuando los alumnos adquirieron dicha competencia, se pasó a transmitirlo en líquidos y en sólidos. Destacando en el último caso, el análisis del teléfono de hilo. Por último, se trabaja el mecanismo del oído y se construye instrumentos para estudiar las propiedades del sonido. ESP

The 19th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic Synthesis A bis-amide bis-phenoxi N2O2 ligand was obtained from the 2:1 molar reaction of phenyl salicylate and the diamine, 1,4-Diaminobutane, to yield H4L. The ligand has been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry (ES) and X ray diffraction spectroscopy

[EN] This paper is devoted to i, the Basque dative case marker. In part I, the paper aims at presenting a general approach the locus of syntactic variation within Universal Grammar (sections 1.1 to 1.3). After an excursus on the use of minorized languages in science (1.4), a discussion on parameters is provided. In (1.5), the notion of macroparameter from the 80’s is critically discussed mainly but not along the lines of Newmeyer (2005). The last section (1.6)supports to focus on microparameters, along the lines of Kayne (2000, 2005), as the right way to properly understand and explain variation. Part II provides an analysis of the main properties of Basque datives (sections 2.1 and 2.2). Sections 2.3 and 2.4 are devoted to the nature of Basque inflectional morpheme (k)i, interpreted asan applicative morpheme which ‘applies’ dative object arguments to the structure. Finally, microcomparative analyses on Basque Differential Object Marking and Dative Displacement are presented in sections (2.6) and (2.7) respectively. Instituzio eta ikerketa proiektuek babestu dute lan hau: Eusko Jaurlaritzak (IT665-13); Espainiako Ekonomia eta Leihakortasun Ministerioak (FFI2011-26906), Frantziako Agence Nationale de la Recherchek (RDKR 2012-16 eta TSABL (2008-2011: ANR 07 CORP 033)) eta Europako Batzordeak (EC FP7-SSH-2013-1 AThEME (613465)).

This paper is devoted to "i", the Basque dative case marker. In part I, the paper aims at presenting a general approach to the locus of syntactic variation within Universal Grammar (sections 1.1 to 1.3). After an excursus on the use of minorized languages in science (1.4), a discussion on parameters is provided. In (1.5), the notion of macroparameter from the 80's is critically discussed mainly but not only the lines of Newmeyer (2005). The last section (1.6) supports to focus on microparameters, along the lines of Kayne (2000, 2005), as the right way to properly understand and explain variation. Part II provides an analysis of the main properties of Basque datives (sections 2.1 and 2.2). Sections 2.3 and 2.4 are devoted to the nature of Basque inflectional morpheme "(k)i", interpreted as an applicative morpheme which 'applies' dative object arguments to the structure. Finally, microcomparative analyses on Basque Differential Object Marking and Dative Displacement are presented in sections (2.6) and (2.7) respectively.