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Neurodevelopmental delay following extremely preterm birth or birth asphyxia is common but diagnosis is often delayed as early milder signs are not recognised by parents or clinicians. Early interventions have been shown to improve outcomes. Automation of diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders using non-invasive, cost effective methods within a patient's home could improve accessibility to testing. Furthermore, said testing could be conducted over a longer period, enabling greater confidence in diagnoses, due to increased data availability. This work proposes a new method to assess the movements in children. Twelve parent and infant participants were recruited (children aged between 3 and 12 months). Approximately 25 min 2D video recordings of the infants organically playing with toys were captured. A combination of deep learning and 2D pose estimation algorithms were used to classify the movements in relation to the children's dexterity and position when interacting with a toy. The results demonstrate the possibility of capturing and classifying children's complexity of movements when interacting with toys as well as their posture. Such classifications and the movement features could assist practitioners to accurately diagnose impaired or delayed movement development in a timely fashion as well as facilitating treatment monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Robotic assisted gait training (RAGT) uses a powered exoskeleton to support an individual's body and move their limbs, with the aim of activating latent, pre-existing movement patterns stored in the lower spinal cord called central pattern generators (CPGs) to facilitate stepping. The parameters that directly stimulate the stepping CPGs (hip extension and ipsilateral foot unloading) should be targeted to maximise the rehabilitation benefits of these devices. Aim: To compare the biomechanical profiles of individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied individuals inside the ReWalkTM powered exoskeleton and to contrast the users' profiles with the exoskeleton. Methods: Eight able-bodied and four SCI individuals donned a ReWalkTM and walked along a 12-meter walkway, using elbow crutches. Whole-body kinematics of the users and the ReWalkTM were captured, along with GRF and temporal-spatial characteristics. Discreet kinematic values were analysed using a Kruskall-Wallis H and Dunn's post-hoc analysis. Upper-body differences, GRF and temporal-spatial characteristics were analysed using a Mann-Whitney U test (P<0.05). Results: Walking speed ranged from 0.32–0.39m/s. Hip abduction, peak knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion for both the SCI and able-bodied groups presented with significant differences to the ReWalkTM. The able-bodied group presented significant differences to the ReWalkTM for all kinematic variables except frontal plane hip ROM (P = 0.093,δ = -0.56). Sagittal plane pelvic and trunk ROM were significantly greater in the SCI vs. able-bodied (P = 0.004,δ = -1; P = 0.008,δ = -0.94, respectively). Posterior braking force was significantly greater in the SCI group (P = 0.004, δ = -1). Discussion: The different trunk movements used by the SCI group and the capacity for the users' joint angles to exceed those of the device suggest that biomechanical profiles varied according to the user group. However, upright stepping with the ReWalkTM device delivered the appropriate afferent stimulus to activate CPGs as there were no differences in key biomechanical parameters between the two user groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper describes how non-invasive wearable sensors can be used in combination with deep learning to classify artificially induced gait alterations without the requirement for a medical professional or gait analyst to be present. This approach is motivated by the goal of diagnosing gait abnormalities on a symptom-by-symptom basis, irrespective of other neuromuscular movement disorders the patients may be affected by. This could lead to improvements in treatment and offer a greater insight into movement disorders. Methods: In-shoe pressure was measured for 12 able-bodied participants, each subject to eight artificially induced gait alterations, achieved by modifying the underside of the shoe. The data were recorded at 100 Hz over 2520 data channels and were analyzed using the deep learning architecture and the long term short term memory networks. Additionally, the rationale for the decision-making process of these networks was investigated. Conclusion: Long term short term memory networks are applicable to the classification of the gait function. The classifications can be made using only 2 s of sparse data (82.0% accuracy over 96 000 instances of test data) from participants who were not a part of the training set. Significance: This paper provides potential for the gait function to be accurately classified using non-invasive techniques, and at more regular intervals, outside of a clinical setting, without the need for healthcare professionals to be present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: With increasing numbers of 3D structures of bacteriophage components, combined with powerful in silico predictive tools, it has become possible to decipher the structural assembly and associated functionality of phage adhesion devices. Recently, decorations have been reported in the tail and neck passage structures of members of the so‐called 936 group of lactococcal siphophages. In the current report, using bioinformatic analysis we identified a conserved carbohydrate binding module (CBM) among many of the virion baseplate Dit components, in addition to the CBM present in the 'classical' receptor binding proteins (RBPs). We observed that, within these so‐called 'evolved' Dit proteins, the identified CBMs have structurally conserved folds, yet can be grouped into four distinct classes. We expressed such modules in fusion with GFP, and demonstrated their binding capability to their specific host using fluorescent binding assays with confocal microscopy. We detected evolved Dits in several phages infecting various Gram‐positive bacterial species, including mycobacteria. The omnipresence of CBM domains in siphophages indicates their auxiliary role in infection, as they can assist in the specific recognition of and attachment to their host, thus ensuring a highly efficient and specific phage‐host adhesion process as a prelude to DNA injection. Functional carbohydrate binding modules identified in evolved Dits from siphophages infecting various Gram‐positive bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteriophages are ubiquitous and numerous parasites of bacteria and play a critical evolutionary role in virtually every ecosystem, yet our understanding of the extent of the diversity and role of phages remains inadequate for many ecological niches, particularly in cases in which the host is unculturable. During the past 15 years, the emergence of the field of viral metagenomics has drastically enhanced our ability to analyse the so-called viral 'dark matter' of the biosphere. Here, we review the evolution of viral metagenomic methodologies, as well as providing an overview of some of the most significant applications and findings in this field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film cooling is used in gas turbines to thermally protect combustor and turbine hot section components by creating a layer of relatively cooler air to insulate the components from the hot freestream gases. This relatively cooler air is taken from upstream in the compressor section at a loss to the engine efficiency and therefore must be used as effectively as possible. A novel anti-vortex hole (AVH) geometry has been investigated experimentally through a transient infrared thermography technique to study the film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient by varying blowing ratio and freestream turbulence intensity. The AVH geometry is designed with two secondary holes stemming from a main cooling hole that attempts to diffuse the coolant jet and mitigate the vorticity produced by conventional straight holes. The AVH geometry data collected showed improved cooling performance at low freestream turbulence intensities compared to conventional straight holes. Three turbulence intensities of 1, 7.5, and 11.7% were investigated for the AVH geometry at blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 for a total of twelve different conditions. Results showed that higher freestream turbulence conditions were beneficial to the performance of the AVH. Increasing the blowing ratio at all turbulence levels also improved film cooling effectiveness, both span-averaged and on the centerline. The highest performing case was at a turbulence intensity of 7.5% and a blowing ratio of 2.0. The 11.7% cases outperformed the 1% cases, but it appears that at the 11.7% cases the higher freestream turbulence reduces the performance of the secondary holes compared to the 7.5% case. Increasing the blowing ratio and turbulence intensity will result in a higher heat transfer coefficient, which must be taken into account for future designs and overall reduction of heat load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study describes the use of hypnosis in the treatment of a 10-year-old boy suffering sleep disturbance, severe migraine, and chronic fatigue syndrome. It demonstrates the effectiveness of hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive--behavioural therapy in the treatment of a paediatric patient who was experiencing social isolation and depressed mood due to restricted activity (as a result of his chronic ill health). Initial CBT and hypnotherapy were aimed at improving the duration and quality of his sleep, in order to improve mood and overall levels of wellbeing. This then allowed the issues of social isolation and restricted activity to be addressed in therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laryngocoeles are rare cystic dilatations of the laryngeal ventricle. Obstruction of its outlet can cause entrapment of mucus and superimposed infection causes a laryngopyocoele. Such presentations, although rare, have potential to cause airway obstruction. A 67-year-old lady presented with a one-week history of hoarseness and shortness of breath. On examination, she was stridulous and had fullness of the left side of the neck. Nasendoscopy revealed large bilateral vocal cord polyps and near-complete glottis obstruction. She was taken to emergency theatre for restoration of a viable airway. Upon excision of the polyps, pus was visualised originating from the laryngeal ventricle. Literature proposes that laryngocoeles develop secondary to a one-way valve caused by an obstructing lesion distorting the saccule neck. We propose that the laryngocoele developed secondary to large obstructing polyps. Urgent excision of the polyps allowed decompression of the laryngopyocoele and reestablishment of a patent airway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Orthodox diaspora has, paradoxically, spread Orthodox Christianity throughout the world, but has not contributed much to Orthodox mission. Even after the third or fourth generation of immigrants, church services are generally held in the language of the countries from which the immigrants came. This is certainly true of South Africa, where most of the Orthodox immigration has been from Greece and Cyprus, with smaller groups of Russians, Serbs, Bulgarians, Lebanese and Romanians. Though there were immigrants from these countries in southern Africa in the middle of the nineteenth century, it was only at the beginning of the twentieth century that Orthodox clergy arrived and churches were built, first in Cape Town and then in Johannesburg. It was only in the twenty-first century that clergy began to be ordained locally in any numbers. The churches therefore tended to be ethnic enclaves, and apathetic towards, or even opposed to, mission and outreach to other ethnic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great deal of litigation has delineated the contours of when the Fair Housing Amendments Act (FHAA) requires localities to adjust zoning policies to allow the operation of group homes for people with disabilities. These decisions almost always find a claim to be unripe unless the residents first request a zoning variance, thereby providing the locality an opportunity to grant an exception or revise its laws. However, advocates have identified negative effects that variance proceedings—including public notice and hearings—can have on people with disabilities. Moreover, public hearings frequently mobilize neighbor opposition based on stereotypes, and can counterintuitively frustrate the information-sharing goals of the variance process. Considering these factors, this Note argues there are instances where a locality will violate the reasonable accommodation provision of the FHAA if it requires participation in public variance proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article gives a brief account of the historic presence of Orthodox Christianity in Africa and of features of Orthodox ecclesiology, particularly episcopacy and apostolic succession, which, in the 19th and 20th centuries, attracted several groups of African Christians, who had initially encountered apostolic succession in the practice of the Anglican Church of the Province of South Africa. Using the 'Ethiopian Churches' of South Africa as an example and case study, and with brief comparative reference to the development of Orthodoxy in other countries of East Africa, the article examines the progress and motivations of the ecclesial groups to which the term 'Ethiopian' was applied and who were attracted to Orthodoxy by its antiquity, its apostolic succession and its lack of connection with colonialism. Noting the affinity between the holistic nature of Orthodox ecclesiology and African understandings of community, and the continued spread of Orthodoxy in Africa, the author concludes that with so many other ecclesiologies currently in development, many linked to the consumerist gospel of prosperity, and more than 10,000 denominations in South Africa alone, it is impossible to speak of an emerging 'African ecclesiology' or to know which forms of ecclesiology will eventually predominate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the first reported case of extensive calcification seen in association with serous cystadenofibroma of the ovary, illustrating that calcification in the female genital tract may be extensive in nature, presenting in a fashion that is not entirely typical of dystrophic or metastatic calcification. This case demonstrates that extensive calcification within the pelvis should be interpreted with caution, as it may not represent disseminated malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of a 70-year old woman with multiple adenomatoid tumors involving the peritoneum and liver. The patient, who presented with coffee ground vomiting that is associated with malaena, had a history of Helicobacter pylori infection, glaucoma and hypertension. The authors based their diagnosis on morphological examination, which is supported by histochemical and ultrastructural examinations. When the patient underwent gastrectomy, further lesion was detected.

The article presents a discussion about a preconference presentation on of providing needed government information for the public. It states a list of market research and analysis related to government information resources, which includes analysis on competitors, discussing their strengths and weaknesses, those who are emerging, and their substitute products. It also analyzes market segments, target markets, marketing mix strategy, product and service differentiation, pricing, suppliers, and distribution.

Presents a study that examined the effect of habitat use, hunter density and hunting season structure on male elk harvest mortality in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains of Idaho. Identification of the proximate mortality causes of the elks; Uses of the data obtained from the Geological Survey; Significance of the findings of the study for wildlife management.

Presents a study which discussed clinical assessment applications of analogue behavioral observation in the context of psychometric principles. Principles of validation applied to analogue behavioral observation; Conditional nature of validity; Unstable nature of validity.

This research examines the differences between Senate party leaders and rank and file party members on a measure of support for the president of their party. The expectation is that party leaders give presidents of their party greater support than do nonleaders. Only floor leaders and whips exhibited higher presidential support than other types of leaders or the rank and file. Foreign policy elicited support from both parties' leaders, and the Democratic leadership and rank and file differences were eliminated when controlling for ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on books about online access. 'Effective Online Searching: A Basic Text,' by Christine L. Borgman; 'Numeric Databases,' edited by Chin-Chin Chen and P. Hernon; 'Data Base Directory, 1984-85'; 'An Introduction to Online Searching,' by Tze-Chung Li.

Overground lower-limb robotic exoskeletons are assistive devices used to facilitate ambulation and gait rehabilitation. Our understanding of how closely they resemble comfortable and slow walking is limited. This information is important to maximise the effects of gait rehabilitation. The aim was to compare the 3D gait parameters of able-bodied individuals walking with and without an exoskeleton at two speeds (self-selected comfortable vs. slow, speed-matched to the exoskeleton) to understand how the user's body moved within the device. Eight healthy, able-bodied individuals walked along a 12-m walkway with and without the exoskeleton. Three-dimensional whole-body kinematics inside the device were captured. Temporal-spatial parameters and sagittal joint kinematics were determined for normal and exoskeleton walking. One-way repeated measures ANOVAs and statistical parametric mapping were used to compare the three walking conditions (P <.05). The walking speeds of the slow (0.44[0.03] m/s) and exoskeleton (0.41[0.03] m/s) conditions were significantly slower than the comfortable walking speed (1.54[0.07] m/s). However, time in swing was significantly greater (P <.001, d = −3.64) and double support was correspondingly lower (P <.001, d = 3.72) during exoskeleton gait than slow walking, more closely resembling comfortable speed walking. Ankle and knee angles were significantly reduced in the slow and exoskeleton conditions. Angles were also significantly different for the upper body. Although the slow condition was speed-matched to exoskeleton gait, the stance:swing ratio of exoskeleton stepping more closely resembled comfortable gait than slow gait. The altered upper body kinematics suggested that overground exoskeletons may provide a training environment that would also benefit balance training. • Exoskeleton temporal events more closely match normal walking than slow walking. • Exoskeleton use generates greater trunk and pelvic tilt than normal walking. • Exoskeleton use may provide a dynamic training environment for postural control. • Lower limb kinematics with the exoskeleton do not represent stereotypical walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale and ever-growing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a wide range of applications is foreseen to be a major part of beyond 5G and 6G wireless networks in the next decade. The effective support of such massive deployment of UAVs requires offering reliable, secure, and cost-effective wireless connectivity. Cellular networks play essential roles in serving UAVs acting as flying user equipments. While the cellular networks provide promising connectivity solutions for UAVs, enabling robust UAV operations faces several challenges. In this article, an overview of key barriers and design considerations of widespread commercial use of flying UAVs are presented along with their potential solutions. In addition, we discuss how cellular networks can support UAVs by relying on their advanced features, network intelligence, key enabling technologies for beyond 5G and 6G, and exploiting new tools from machine learning. Finally, we shed light on offering wireless services to high altitudes and the integration of non-terrestrial networks with terrestrial networks toward limitless connectivity in 6G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the upper airways affecting up to 15% of the population, significantly impacting upon patients' quality of life and resultant healthcare resources.1 Whilst the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CRS are not fully understood, I Staphylococcus aureus i ( I S aureus i ) has been shown to play a prominent role.2-4 In addition to its presence on the sinonasal mucosal surface, we previously demonstrated I S aureus i harbouring within mast cells in nasal polyps.2 We revealed that following I S aureus i intracellular uptake and proliferation, bacteria were released into the extracellular space following mast cell rupture, which potentially contributed to the repopulation of depleted surface colonies.3 Recent evidence suggests that patients with nasal polyps, and especially those with recalcitrant disease, not only have intracellular reservoirs of I S aureus i but also elevated levels of IgE specific to I S aureus i and their toxins.5 Activation of mast cells via localized anti- I S aureus i IgE would normally enable them to contribute towards clearance of some of the subepithelial bacterial colonies through phagocytosis.6 However, it is postulated that modulation of the local host immune response by I S aureus i may blunt this response, resulting in enhanced bacterial survival and persistence. Using bone-derived murine mast cells and the HMC-1 line, Abel et al showed a mast cell response to eradicate I S aureus i infection through the release of pre-formed mediators and extracellular traps.8 However, I S aureus i was able to subvert these killing mechanisms through its internalization. [Extracted from the article]

With the availability of an increasing number of 3D structures of bacteriophage components, combined with powerful in silico predictive tools, it has become possible to decipher the structural assembly and functionality of phage adhesion devices. In the current study, we examined 113 members of the 936 group of lactococcal siphophages, and identified a number of Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBMs) in the neck passage structure and major tail protein, on top of evolved Dit proteins, as recently reported by us. The binding ability of such CBM-containing proteins was assessed through the construction of green fluorescent protein fusion proteins and subsequent binding assays. Two CBMs, one from the phage tail and another from the neck, demonstrated definite binding to their phage-specific host. Bioinformatic analysis of the structural proteins of 936 phages reveals that they incorporate binding modules which exhibit structural homology to those found in other lactococcal phage groups and beyond, indicating that phages utilize common structural "bricks" to enhance host binding capabilities. The omnipresence of CBMs in Siphophages supports their beneficial role in the infection process, as they can be combined in various ways to form appendages with different shapes and functionalities, ensuring their success in host detection in their respective ecological niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Siphoviridae of the lactococcal 936 group are the most commonly encountered bacteriophages in the dairy processing environment. The 936 group phages possess a discrete baseplate at the tip of their tail—a complex harbouring the Receptor Binding Protein (RBP) which is responsible for host recognition and attachment. The baseplate-encoding region is highly conserved amongst 936 phages, with 112 of 115 publicly available phages exhibiting complete synteny. Here, we detail the three exceptions (Phi4.2, Phi4R15L, and Phi4R16L), which differ from this genomic architecture in possessing an apparent second RBP-encoding gene upstream of the "classical" rbp gene. The newly identified RBP possesses an elongated neck region relative to currently defined 936 phage RBPs and is genetically distinct from defined 936 group RBPs. Through detailed characterisation of the representative phage Phi4.2 using a wide range of complementary techniques, we demonstrated that the above-mentioned three phages possess a complex and atypical baseplate structure. Furthermore, the presence of both RBPs in the tail tip of the mature virion was confirmed, while the anticipated host-binding capabilities of both proteins were also verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Risk of Adverse Outcomes Associated With Concomitant Use of Clopidogrel and Proton Pump Inhibitors Following Acute Coronary Syndrome," by P. M. Ho and his colleagues in the 2009 issue.

Presents a letter to the editor in response to the article "Time for radical reform," by K. Walshe and L. Benson, in the June 25, 2005 issue.

A letter to the editor is presented that talks about riots in England.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Lessons From the Past Decade for Future Health Reforms," by C. Ham, published in the October 28, 2009 issue.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Melanoma Part 2: Management" by C. Thirlwell and P. Nathan in a previous issue.