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El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a una mejor y más profunda comprensión del fenómeno de la integración tecnológica en las escuelas actuales. Para ello, se emplean los métodos de la autoetnografía y el análisis crítico del discurso, dentro de un estudio de caso centrado en la experiencia como profesor de Ciencias Sociales en Secundaria de uno de los autores. El sistema de categorías construido permite confirmar empíricamente el carácter apologético de los discursos educativos externos al aula, pero también identificar un conjunto de retos, incongruencias y dificultades desapercibidas hasta el momento en la literatura científica.

In recent decades, discourse on quality, school effectiveness, autonomy, and accountability, among other topics, has been used to try to transform schools. This paper explores this situation from the teaching perspective of one of its authors. Using autoethnography as a research and formative strategy, a mixed category system is constructed by combining a central category (“Neoliberal school”) theoretically and deductively with three other subcategories of an emergent and inductive nature according to the parameters of grounded theory. The results reflect different perceptions of neoliberal educational discourse that depend on the discursive field in question (policy framework, school, department, or classroom). The conclusions underline the potential of autoethnography for understanding the current school reality and teacher professional development.

The purpose of this study was to offer an inside look at the coexistence of different ways of conceiving and organising the knowledge of social sciences in current schools. To this end, the methods of autoethnography and critical discourse analysis were used in a case study focused on the teaching experience of one of the authors. The system of categories constructed allowed us to empirically verify the existence of a conflict between two major epistemological paradigms, competency and disciplinary, in clear correspondence with a gap between innovative educational discourses and traditional school practices. In the case analysed, this conflict led to a curricular over-dimensioning, which aimed to expand the elements to be worked on by teachers and their students qualitatively and quantitatively. The causes of this phenomenon are related to neo-liberal pedagogical parameters and allowed us to conclude that we should not conceive of competency-based learning either as an educational change by itself or as a strategy that guarantees change.

Presentamos una propuesta curricular diseñada para fomentar la creatividad en el aula de Educación Infantil que ha sido experimentada en dos aulas del segundo ciclo de esta etapa (3-6 años). El seguimiento investigativo de la experimentación ha tomado la forma de una investigaciónacción, utilizando como instrumentos de recogida de datos las producciones de los alumnos (F1), las entrevistas (F2) y el diario del investigador (F3). Hemos utilizado un sistema de categorías y una hipótesis de progresión para organizar y analizar los datos. En el análisis de los resultados se muestran algunas evidencias de mejora en cuanto a la originalidad y la creatividad, y algunos factores que podrían estar implicados en las distintas evoluciones de los participantes We present a curricular proposal designed to encourage creativity in the kindergarten classroom, which has been tested in two classrooms of the second cycle of this stage (3-6 years). The investigative follow-up of the experimentation has taken the form of an action research, using as data collection instruments the productions of the students (F1), the interviews (F2) and the researcher's diary (F3). We have used a category system and a progression hypothesis to organize and analyze the data. In the analysis of the results there is some evidence of improvement in terms of originality and creativity, and some factors that could be involved in the different evolutions of the participants. Nous présentons une proposition de programme didactique conçue pour encourager la créativité dans la classe d'éducation de la petite enfance qui a été expérimentée dans deux classes du deuxième niveau (3-6 ans) de ce temps. Le suivi investigatif de l'expérimentation a pris la forme d'une recherche-action, utilisant comme instruments de collecte de données les productions des étudiants (F1), les interviews (F2) et le journal du rechercher (F3). Nous avons utilisé un système de catégories et une hypothèse de progression pour organiser et analyser les données. L'analyse des résultats montre quelques signes d'amélioration en termes d'originalité et de créativité, et quelques facteurs qui pourraient être impliqués dans les différentes évolutions des participants.

Thanks to the intercultural training of secondary school teachers, it has been possible to improve the inclusion of immigrant students in school classrooms. Reality shows that greater attention to this type of student by teachers, as well as by other colleagues, considerably improves their academic success. It also favours greater personal development within the socio-environmental context in which they live. The Erasmus + Quammelot project, after planning and executing a specific training course for Secondary Education teachers, includes the results obtained in several Spanish schools, among them the IES Torreblanca. These results have been obtained attending to the personal and academic needs of immigrant students. This work gathers the main results obtained in three of the didactic interventions developed along the eight modules that compose the training of the participating teachers. Throughout these three didactic proposals, information units have been collected referring to the learning of the attitudinal dimension at an initial moment (M1) and at the end of each proposal (M2). After the analysis of the information obtained, it has been possible to verify that the motivation, interest and participation of the students improves notably, regardless of whether or not they are immigrant students.

Presentamos una investigación sobre la situación en la que se encuentra el profesorado universitario antes de iniciar un programa de formación e innovación docente. Dicha investigación se ha realizado en el marco de un programa pionero que viene desarrollándose en los últimos años en la Universidad de Sevilla cuya finalidad es conocer las concepciones que los participantes tienen de su docencia para hacerlas evolucionar hacia un modelo centrado en el aprendizaje. En este artículo abordamos un estudio sobre las concepciones que tienen los docentes sobre su propia disciplina y sobre el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, así como sobre las creencias ligadas a la construcción de su identidad profesional docente antes de iniciar el programa formativo. Hemos utilizado un cuestionario de respuestas abiertas y se han codificado éstas utilizando un sistema de categorías con una hipótesis de progresión de tres valores. Los resultados muestran una clara predominancia de las unidades de información de menor nivel de complejidad, en las que los docentes se identifican preferentemente con su labor como investigadores y consideran la docencia una obligación académica. Paralelamente, su concepción de la docencia se centra en la enseñanza y atribuyen escaso valor a la participación de los alumnos en el proceso de aprendizaje. En cuanto a la concepción de la propia disciplina, encontramos evidencias de una concepción absolutista y estática del conocimiento científico sinimplicaciones sociales. Junto a esto aparecen unidades de información más evolucionadas, que ponen de manifiesto la posibilidad de transiciones a concepciones más complejas. Las conclusiones del estudio nos muestran vías posibles y útiles para orientar itinerarios formativos del profesorado universitario.

During the last decades, citizenship education has become a key priority, as it is one of the main concerns for governments and international organizations. Since 2004, the European Commission has been developing several programmes and projects with the aim of disseminating democratic values and raising awareness of the power of education and its role in the creation of democratic and participative citizenship. In light of this, heritage education, as one of the main dimensions of citizenship education, plays a key role in building a local identity to confront the challenges of global citizenship. The main aim of this study is exploring the conceptions that future secondary education teachers have regarding citizenship, democracy and heritage as well as identifying the relationships between education and the training they have received as future teachers.

This paper explores the didactic treatment of Franco’s dictatorship and Mussolini’s Fascism in History textbooks at a Secondary Education level. Using a mixed methodology, 278 activities were analysed and a typology was established. Despite that, the studied literature clearly advocates for the use of controversial topics due to their high educational potential, results show that controversial topics are avoided in the analysed textbooks, as they provide teachers an „aseptic recipe“ to deal with them.

El presente estudio se plantea explorar cómo el modelo didáctico utilizado por tres profesores de educación secundaria condiciona las relaciones entre los elementos que constituyen el sistema-aula. Partimos de la hipótesis de que el sistema-aula se articula en torno a una serie de elementos a modo de estructura. Estos elementos serían: el libro de texto, las tareas y deberes escolares, el examen y el modelo didáctico del profesor que, de alguna manera, da coherencia e integra al resto. Se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa, de observación participante con estrategia de análisis de caso y los resultados nos muestran tres aulas de educación secundaria en las que los distintos elementos del sistema-aula forman una estructura cuyos elementos están relacionados por unas leyes de composición interna. La gestión que hacen los profesores de estos elementos aparece vinculada al mantenimiento del orden y al gobierno del aula. Estudios Pedagógicos XLVI N° 1: 285-300, 2020 EL MODELO DIDÁCTICO COMO ARTICULADOR DEL SISTEMA-AULA: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO EN EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA285 INVESTIGACIONES Estudios Pedagógicos XLVI, N° 1: 285-300, 2020 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-07052020000100285 El modelo didáctico como articulador del sistema-aula: un estudio de caso en educación secundaria The didactic model as articulator of the classroom-system: a case study in secondary education José Antonio Pineda-Alfonsoa, Francisco J. Fraile-Delgadoa a Universidad de Sevilla. apineda@us.es, franciscojfraile@hotmail.com RESUMEN El presente estudio se plantea explorar cómo el modelo didáctico utilizado por tres profesores de educación secundaria condiciona las relaciones entre los elementos que constituyen el sistema-aula. Partimos de la hipótesis de que el sistema-aula se articula en torno a una serie de elementos a modo de estructura. Estos elementos serían: el libro de texto, las tareas y deberes escolares, el examen y el modelo didáctico del profesor que, de alguna manera, da coherencia e integra al resto. Se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa, de observación participante con estrategia de análisis de caso y los resultados nos muestran tres aulas de educación secundaria en las que los distintos elementos del sistema-aula forman una estructura cuyos elementos están relacionados por unas leyes de composición interna. La gestión que hacen los profesores de estos elementos aparece vinculada al mantenimiento del orden y al gobierno del aula. Palabras claves: libro de texto, deberes escolares, docentes de secundaria, examen, enseñanza de las ciencias sociales. ABSTRACT This study explores how the didactic model used by three secondary school teachers conditions the relationships between the elements that make up the classroom system. We start from the hypothesis that the classroom system is articulated around a series of elements as a structure. These elements would be: the textbook, the homework, the exam and the didactic model of the teacher that, in some way, gives coherence and integrates the rest. A qualitative methodology of participant observation with case analysis strategy has been used, and the results show us three secondary education classrooms in which the different elements of the classroom-system form a structure whose elements are related by laws of internal composition. Teachers’ management of these elements is linked to the maintenance of order and classroom governance.

Thanks to the intercultural training of secondary school teachers, it has been possible to improve the inclusion of immigrant students in school classrooms. Reality shows that greater attention to this type of student by teachers, as well as by other colleagues, considerably improves their academic success. It also favours greater personal development within the socio-environmental context in which they live. The Erasmus + Quammelot project, after planning and executing a specific training course for Secondary Education teachers, includes the results obtained in several Spanish schools, among them the IES Torreblanca. These results have been obtained attending to the personal and academic needs of immigrant students. This work gathers the main results obtained in three of the didactic interventions developed along the eight modules that compose the training of the participating teachers. Throughout these three didactic proposals, information units have been collected referring to the learning of the attitudinal dimension at an initial moment (M1) and at the end of each proposal (M2). After the analysis of the information obtained, it has been possible to verify that the motivation, interest and participation of the students improves notably, regardless of whether or not they are immigrant students.

Resumen:En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado numerosos programas que han tratado de integrar la enseñanza de las actitudes y valores en el campo de las habilidades sociales, la inteligencia emocional y el manejo del conflicto. Sin embargo todo parece indicar que estamos teniendo dificultades para fomentar en la escuela los valores que consideramos necesarios para la convivencia democrática. En este sentido, presentamos una propuesta para enseñar las actitudes y valores en el aula de educación secundaria basada en la experimentación de un ámbito de investigación escolar sobre problemas relacionados con el conflicto y la convivencia. Para indagar en las posibilidades del cambio actitudinal en el aula, se hizo el seguimiento investigativo de su aplicación práctica con un grupo de alumnos de 4º de ESO durante el curso 2010-2011, en un Centro de Atención Preferente situado en el extrarradio de la ciudad de Sevilla. Se estableció un sistema de categorías siguiendo una hipótesis de progresión y se codificaron las unidades de información recogidas en los cuadernos de los alumnos, en las grabaciones de audio de un grupo de debate y en el diario del investigador. El tratamiento cuantitativo, y el análisis cualitativo, de los resultados, muestran la evolución y caracterización de las actitudes en los distintos valores de la hipótesis de progresión, la correlación entre los esquemas cognitivos y la construcción de actitudes y valores, así como la posibilidad de reestructuración de éstos hacia mayores niveles de complejidad a través del trabajo en el aula con temas controvertidos con una metodología investigativa.Abstract:In recent decades numerous programs have been developed trying to integrate the teaching of attitudes and values in the field of social skills, emotional intelligence and conflict management. However it seems that we are having some difficulties in promoting moral values that we consider necessary for democratic coexistence. We present a proposal for teaching attitudes and values in high school classrooms based on an experiment in a Research-in-School Area on issues related to the conflict and coexistence. In order to investigate the possibilities of changing attitudes in classroom, practical application research was carried out with a group of students in the fourth year of secondary school (ESO), during the 2010-2011 academic year, in a Centre of Preferential Attention located on the outskirts of Seville. A system of categories was stablished following a hypothesis of progression and coded information units contained in the students’ notebooks, in the audio recordings of a discussion group and in the researcher's journal. Quantitative treatment and qualitative analysis of the results show the evolution and characterization of attitudes in the different values of the hypothesis of progression, the correlation between cognitive schemes and the construction of attitudes and values, and also the possibility of restructuring these towards higher levels of complexity through work in the classroom with controversial topics with research methodology.

In the 1990s, when a concern for education for citizenship began to manifest, curricula plans began to be implemented in various countries which had detected that the knowledge and skills being taught in schools were not relevant to young people's lives nor the complex problems of the modern world. In this sense, education for citizenship became a concept that could integrate the different educational purposes to converge in an emancipatory education focused on the student. However, this approach required a method to select and organize the content that conformed to new educational aims, and this led to a new debate on curriculum integration.

There has been an influx of international currents in favour of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence since the 1990s. This has allowed the curriculum in Primary and Secondary Education to generate a wide range of differently focused plans and projects. One of the peculiarities of this phenomenon in Spain is its links with the deterioration in classroom coexistence, and, as a consequence, a number of different initiatives have been put in place to promote a Culture of Peace and Coexistence. In spite of the deployment of means and staff, it is clear from the analysis of two cases in Secondary Schools in Andalusia (Spain) that there have been scant results, as the influence of all these initiatives has only been superficial in schools. Given the failure of these initiatives, a drift towards authoritarianism in school coexistence discourses and practices is observed.

This study has been developed within the framework of a European Erasmus + project called ELEF†. The aim of this project is to develop, implement, evaluate and replicate innovative democratic learning environments. With this purpose, the Democracy Coaches are trained as agents of citizen participation and generators of democracy, both in educational centres and in informal educational settings. In this context, and during various training sessions, the Democracy Coaches work with the knowledge and skills they need to acquire. This paper focuses on the study and analysis carried out on the concepts expressed by these teachers of secondary education during their training. In order for them to become democracy coaches in the formal educational field, we address concepts such as democracy, citizenship and the most appropriate teaching-learning methodology for illustrating these concepts and competences, bearing in mind that they should educate citizens with full awareness of their rights and duties.