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In Japan, there are no studies comparing endotracheal intubation performed by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) using a Macintosh laryngoscope and a video laryngoscope.The purpose of this study was to compare the success rate, complication rate, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), neurological prognosis (CPC1-2) and regional differences between Video laryngoscope (VL) and Macintosh laryngoscope (ML) for OHCA patients.This study is a retrospective cohort study using 10,067 OHCA data extracted from the national Utstein Form and emergency medical transport data. The primary endpoint was the success rate of tracheal intubation and the complication rate and the secondary endpoints were the incidence of ROSC and CPC1-2.A total of 885 tracheal Intubated OHCA patients were enrolled in this study. The success rate was 94.1% (490/521) in the VL group and 89.3% (325/364) in the ML group (RR, 1.05; 95%CI, 1.01-1.10,Our data suggest that using VL had a little advantage with a higher success rate and lower complication rate. Further discussion is necessary for the future development of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) intubation devices.

We present the results of a time-coincident event search for low-energy electron antineutrinos in the KamLAND detector with gamma-ray bursts from the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network and Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. Using a variable coincidence time window of $\pm$500s plus the duration of each gamma-ray burst, no statistically significant excess above background is observed. We place the world's most stringent 90% confidence level upper limit on the electron antineutrino fluence below 17.5 MeV. Assuming a Fermi-Dirac neutrino energy spectrum from the gamma-ray burst source, we use the available redshift data to constrain the electron antineutrino luminosity and effective temperature., 9 pages, 3 figures

We report on a search for electron antineutrinos ($\bar{\nu}_e$) from astrophysical sources in the neutrino energy range 8.3 to 30.8 MeV with the KamLAND detector. In an exposure of 6.72 kton-year of the liquid scintillator, we observe 18 candidate events via the inverse beta decay reaction. Although there is a large background uncertainty from neutral current atmospheric neutrino interactions, we find no significant excess over background model predictions. Assuming several supernova relic neutrino spectra, we give upper flux limits of 60--110 cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (90% CL) in the analysis range and present a model-independent flux. We also set limits on the annihilation rates for light dark matter pairs to neutrino pairs. These data improves on the upper probability limit of $^{8}$B solar neutrinos converting into $\bar{\nu}_e$'s, $P_{\nu_e \rightarrow \bar{\nu}_e} < 3.5\times10^{-5}$ (90% CL) assuming an undistorted $\bar{\nu}_e$ shape. This corresponds to a solar $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux of 60 cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (90% CL) in the analysis energy range., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal

BackgroundDifficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T RA) is defined as RA in which disease activity is uncontrolled despite the use of two or more biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) with different mechanisms of action (MOA).ObjectivesTo explore the optimal treatment strategy for D2T RA, we evaluated the drug retention, efficacy, and reasons for discontinuation of biologics or JAKi used for patients with D2T RA in a longitudinal multicenter cohort.MethodsRA patients with clinical disease activity index (CDAI) >10 despite the use of at least two biologics or JAKi with different MOA and further treated with biologics or JAKi were included. The drug retention rates of biologics (TNFi, IL-6Ri, and CTLA4-Ig) or JAKi were estimated at 12 months using the Kaplan-Meier method and adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex, disease duration, concomitant MTX and PSL use, and the number of switched biologics or JAKi) using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 251 treatment courses (TCs) from 167 patients were included (TNFi: 97 TCs, IL-6Ri: 67 TCs, CTLA4-Ig: 27 TCs, JAKi: 60 TCs). Baseline characteristics showed no difference in age, sex, disease duration, ACPA positivity, CDAI, and concomitant MTX and PSL use between the four groups. Drug retention excluding non-toxic reasons and remission was significantly higher in patients treated with JAKi or IL-6Ri than in patients treated with TNFi or CTLA4-Ig (P=0.00172). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards models demonstrated that discontinuation of the drug was associated with the use of TNFi or CTLA4-Ig (HR: 3.29, 95%CI: 1.15-9.42, P=0.027) and concomitant PSL use (HR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04-1.26, P=0.0084). In terms of disease activity evaluated with CDAI, no difference was observed between the four groups at 3 months (P=0.90), at 6 months (P=0.77), and at 12 months (P=0.75).ConclusionIn patients with D2T RA, JAKi or IL-6Ri may have treatment advantages compared with TNFi or CTLA4-Ig.References[1] EULAR definition of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis.Nagy G, Roodenrijs NMT, Welsing PM, Kedves M, Hamar A, van der Goes MC, Kent A, Bakkers M, Blaas E, Senolt L, Szekanecz Z, Choy E, Dougados M, Jacobs JW, Geenen R, Bijlsma HW, Zink A, Aletaha D, Schoneveld L, van Riel P, Gutermann L, Prior Y, Nikiphorou E, Ferraccioli G, Schett G, Hyrich KL, Mueller-Ladner U, Buch MH, McInnes IB, van der Heijde D, van Laar JM.Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Jan;80(1):31-35.[2] Prevalence and predictive factors of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: the KURAMA cohort.Watanabe R, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Murakami K, Tanaka M, Ohmura K, Ito H, Matsuda S.Immunol Med. 2021 May 25:1-10.Disclosure of InterestsRyu Watanabe Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Pfizer, Sanofi, AbbVie, Asahi Kasei, Eisai, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB Japan, Chugai, Janssen, Astellas, Nippon Shinyaku, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead Sciences Japan, and Boehringer ingelheim., Tadashi Okano Speakers bureau: Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Abbvie, Amgen, Ayumi, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Ono, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB, Grant/research support from: Asahi Kasei, Abbvie, Chugai, Eisai, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Shinsuke Yamada: None declared, Wataru Yamamoto: None declared, Koichi Murata Speakers bureau: Eisai Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp.; and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., and Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Kosaku Murakami: None declared, Kosuke Ebina Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Asahi-Kasei, Astellas, Ayumi, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB Japan., Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Asahi-Kasei, Astellas, Chugai, Eisai, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Ono Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma, and UCB Japan, Yuichi Maeda Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Bristol Myers Squibb, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation., Sadao Jinno Speakers bureau: AbbVie G.K., Asahi Kasei Pharma., Bristol-Myers Squibb., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and Ono Pharmaceutical Co, Iku Shirasugi: None declared, Yonsu Son: None declared, Hideki Amuro Speakers bureau: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd, Masaki Katayama: None declared, Ryota Hara: None declared, Kenichiro Hata Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Asahi-Kasei, Chugai, Janssen, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Eisai, Ayaka Yoshikawa: None declared, Motomu Hashimoto Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Asahi-Kasei, Brystol-Meyers, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Novartis Pharma.

We report the result of a search for neutrinos in coincidence with solar flares from the GOES flare database. The search was performed on a 10.8 kton-year exposure of KamLAND collected from 2002 to 2019. This large exposure allows us to explore previously unconstrained parameter space for solar flare neutrinos. We found no statistical excess of neutrinos and established 90% confidence level upper limits of $8.4 \times 10^7$ cm$^{-2}$ ($3.0 \times 10^{9}$ cm$^{-2}$) on electron anti-neutrino (electron neutrino) fluence at 20 MeV normalized to the X12 flare, assuming that the neutrino fluence is proportional to the X-ray intensity., 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted October 27, 2021

The KamLAND-Zen 800 experiment is searching for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe by using $^{136}$Xe-loaded liquid scintillator. The liquid scintillator is enclosed inside a balloon made of thin, transparent, low-radioactivity film that we call Inner Balloon (IB). The IB, apart from guaranteeing the liquid containment, also allows to minimize the background from cosmogenic muon-spallation products and $^{8}$B solar neutrinos. Indeed these events could contribute to the total counts in the region of interest around the Q-value of the double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. In this paper, we present an overview of the IB and describe the various steps of its commissioning minimizing the radioactive contaminations, from the material selection, to the fabrication of the balloon and its installation inside the KamLAND detector. Finally, we show the impact of the IB on the KamLAND background as measured by the KamLAND detector itself., 23 pages, 16 figures, to be submitted to JINST

We present the results of a search for core-collapse supernova neutrinos, using long-term KamLAND data from 2002 March 9 to 2020 April 25. We focus on the electron antineutrinos emitted from supernovae in the energy range of 1.8--111 MeV. Supernovae will make a neutrino event cluster with the duration of $\sim$10 s in the KamLAND data. We find no neutrino clusters and give the upper limit on the supernova rate as to be 0.15 yr$^{-1}$ with a 90% confidence level. The detectable range, which corresponds to a >95% detection probability, is 40--59 kpc and 65--81 kpc for core-collapse supernovae and failed core-collapse supernovae, respectively. This paper proposes to convert the supernova rate obtained by the neutrino observation to the Galactic star formation rate. Assuming a modified Salpeter-type initial mass function, the upper limit on the Galactic star formation rate is, 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal

Objectives We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of surgical prostatectomy in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Methods Between January 2008 and February 2017, we identified 13 RTRs who were diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and underwent radical prostatectomy. We reviewed all available clinicopathologic data for these 13 patients. Results The median patient age was 61 years and median serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 8.79 ng/mL. The mean period between transplantation and diagnosis of prostate cancer was 136 months. The sources for the kidney transplants included 10 living and 3 deceased donors. Biopsies indicated that the Gleason scores were 7 in 10 patients and 8 to 10 in 3 patients. Meanwhile, the D'Amico risk classification indicated an intermediate risk in 9 patients and a high risk in 4 patients. Eight patients were at stage cT1 and 5 were at stage cT2. The surgical procedure was retropubic radical prostatectomy in one recipient, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in 3 recipients, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in 9 RTRs. Intraoperative complications were not noted in any patient, although one patient demonstrated postoperative complications (Clavien grade ≥ 3). An indwelling urinary catheter was required in 3 patients for over 3 weeks due to delayed wound healing. Biochemical recurrence evaluated by PSA monitoring occurred in four patients. Postoperative graft function was stable in all but one patient who required resumption of dialysis before prostatectomy; however, all patients are alive at the time of publication with 12 patients showing well-functioning renal allografts. Conclusion Prostatectomy may be a feasible and effective technique as an initial treatment for RTRs with localized prostate cancer.

Introduction With the increasing number of elderly kidney donor candidates due to the lack of available donors, prostate cancer has sometimes been detected in these candidates during pretransplant screening examinations. There are currently no guidelines or consensus on prostate cancer screening and treatment in donors. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical course of donor candidates with prostate cancer. Methods Between January 2006 and December 2016, 9 donor candidates for living related kidney transplantation were incidentally diagnosed with prostate cancer at our institution. All male kidney transplant donor candidates routinely received prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. The patients with PSA levels > 4.0 ng/mL underwent prostate biopsies. For future kidney transplantation, treatment for localized prostate cancer was prostatectomy. Results Seven low- or intermediate-risk patients according to the D'Amico risk classification underwent endoscopic prostatectomy, while 2 high-risk patients underwent high dose-rate brachytherapy to prioritize prostate cancer treatment. Of the 7 who underwent surgery, 3 patients ultimately became living related kidney transplantation donors for their wives. There was no recurrence of PSA elevation after treatment. Conclusion This study showed that donor candidates with prostate cancer could safely donate a kidney after a thorough evaluation to exclude those with high-risk prostate cancer. Transmission of prostate cancer through kidney transplantation seems unlikely and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy may be feasible for donor candidates with localized prostate cancer.

The highly radiopure NaI(Tl) was developed to search for particle candidates of dark matter. The optimized methods were combined to reduce various radioactive impurities. The $^{40}$K was effectively reduced by the re-crystallization method. The progenies of the decay chains of uranium and thorium were reduced by appropriate resins. The concentration of natural potassium in NaI(Tl) crystal was reduced down to 20 ppb. Concentrations of alpha-ray emitters were successfully reduced by appropriate selection of resin. The present concentration of thorium series and 226Ra were $1.2 \pm1.4$ $\mu$Bq/kg and $13\pm4$ $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. No significant excess in the concentration of $^{210}$Pb was obtained, and the upper limit was 5.7 $\mu$Bq/kg at 90% C. L. The achieved level of radiopurity of NaI(Tl) crystals makes construction of a dark matter detector possible., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted to Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

Pulse radiolysis experiments were carried out to observe transient absorptions of reaction intermediates produced in N2O- and Ar-saturated aqueous solutions containing 0.9–900 mM NaBr. The most important species among the reaction intermediates are BrOH˙− and Br2˙−, which commonly have absorption peaks around 360 nm. The experimental results were compared with the results of simulation based on a spur diffusion model. Each of several complicated sequential radiation-induced chemical reactions was carefully considered, optimizing its rate constant within a range of reported values, including experimental uncertainty. All the experimental results, covering a wide variety of conditions, were able to be universally reproduced by the simulation, assuming a reaction not yet reported, 2BrOH˙− → Br2 + 2OH−, with a rate constant of 3.8 × 109 M−1 s−1, which is significant only within 10 μs for rather high bromide concentrations (>10 mM). Primary G values, which are yields after sufficient diffusion from the spur to the perimeter region during 100 ns, of major water decomposition products, as well as of the reaction intermediates, were calculated for N2O- and Ar-saturated conditions as a function of NaBr concentration. Such comprehensive information on primary G values allows one to predict radiation-induced chemical change by considering only homogeneous chemical kinetics.

High strength steels have been rapidly developed for several kinds of application fields such as light weight automobile bodies, multistory buildings, and oil well tubulars. With an increase of strength, the use of the low-carbon lath martensite phase puts this component as the main microstructure, or a part of the dual phase one. However, the martensite is a non-equilibrium phase, and the microstructure is also a heterogeneous composite-like one including of fine carbides and retained austenite. In order to understand the hierarchical structure, multi-scale microscopic techniques have been utilized. Internal twins in a lath and some large lath domains with fine carbides are revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations, although a conventional low-carbon martensite is known to include mainly dislocations in the lath structure. The heterogeneous microstructure is discussed based on a model of the local difference of transformation temperature of each lath block segment during cooling. On the plasticity of low-carbon lath martensite, the continuous yielding behavior is one characteristic property, and the elastic limit is obtained by the cyclic tensile test. The heterogeneous deformation behavior is detected as a periodic strain partitioning among lath blocks in a grain by digital imaging correlation analysis using in situ SEM tensile testing.

Behavior rating scales aid in the identification of problem behaviors, as well as the development of interventions to reduce such behavior. Although scores on many behavior rating scales have been validated in the United States, there have been few such studies in other cultural contexts. In this study, the structural validity of scores on a Spanish translation of the six-factor Child Behavior Scale (CBS) was assessed in a sample of 265 Peruvian preschool children who ranged from 2 to 6 years in age. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-factor structure, and reliability estimates for scores on the four factors were adequate. The authors suggest replicating the study and examining the utility of CBS scores in predicting future problem behaviors in this population. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Accepted: 2010-05-25, 資料番号: SA1002851000

For focused ion beam technology in the next generation, an adequate emitter shape for field gas ion source was investigated to obtain a higher angular current density, dl/dΩ. A -oriented tungsten emitter with a trimer-terminated nanostructure was fabricated by field-assisted oxygen etching method. Since this method does not utilize thermodynamic phenomena, e.g. faceting of crystal plane with a thermal treatment or pseudomorphic growth of surface layer, shape of the emitter tip has a rotational symmetry with no ridge lines which brings about a decrease of axial beam current. In the preliminary experiment for helium gas, an extraction of ion current was attempted from the trimer at the apex tip, and the increases in helium ion current and dl/dΩ in proportion to the gas pressure were observed.

Accepted: 2010-04-12, 資料番号: SA1001049000

Recent progress in the refining technology has enabled the production of highly pure commercial stainless steels. The hot cracking behaviour of these stainless steels was investigated with respect to type 310 stainless steel. For comparison, four types of 310 stainless steels with various amounts of minor and impurity elements such as C, P and S were used. The purity of type 310 stainless steels used was enhanced in the order of type 310

We developed a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) system using an HTS SQUID array in order to examine rare-earth (RE)-123 HTS coated conductors striated into multi-filamentary lines. The 5-channel HTS SQUID gradiometer array was composed of ramp-edge junctions with LaErBaCuO and SmBaCuO electrode layers, and fabricated by using an HTS multi layer fabrication technique. The planar gradiometers with 1 × 1 mm 2 pickup loops and a baseline of 1 mm detected the vertical element of magnetic field gradient induced around defects by an eddy current. The gradiometer array cooled by thermal conduction from a liquid nitrogen bath was placed above the coated conductor on the main stage with a lift-off of about 1.5 mm. A coated conductor was fed from a reel to reel, and cooled blow its T c by stages connected to Gifford–Mcmahon (GM) coolers. By employing a 3 kHz induction current generating the maximum field of 0.14 mT, we could identify a distribution of defects in a long-length non-striated conductor. Furthermore, we could detect and distinguish three kinds of defects, existence of a spotty normal-state region, electrical short between striated filaments, and delamination of the superconducting layer from the Hastelloy tape for each filamentary superconducting line at a high speed up to 30 m/h.

We developed a non-destructive testing (NDT) system utilizing multi-channel high-temperature superconductor (HTS) SQUID gradiometers in order to examine rare earth (RE)-123 coated conductors striated into multi-filamentary lines. The 5-channel HTS SQUID gradiometer array was composed of ramp-edge junctions with LaErBaCuO and SmBaCuO electrode layers, and fabricated by using an HTS multilayer fabrication technique. The parallel gradiometers detected the vertical element of magnetic field gradient induced around defects by an eddy current. It was demonstrated that we can detect macroscopic defects in each filamentary superconducting line at high speed up to 30 m/h.

We have fabricated high-temperature superconductor (HTS) dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) with a multilayer structure and ramp-edge Josephson junctions. For stable operation at 77 K, SmBa2Cu3Oy (SmBCO) and La0.1-Er0.95Ba1.95Cu3Oy (La-ErBCO) films with a T c above 90 K were employed as materials for the base-electrode and counter-electrode layers, respectively. Junctions were fabricated by employing a Cu-poor La-ErBCO layer as a precursor of the barrier. The fabricated parallel gradiometers with a baseline of 1-3 mm exhibited the field-induced modulation voltage of 20-50 muV at 77 K, and a clear modulation up to 86.8 K. Noise measurements at 77 K revealed a white flux noise of 4.5-10 muPhi0/Hz1/2 at 1 kHz. The magnetometer with an integrated 20-turn flux transformer and the effective area of about 1.8 mm2 exhibited a field noise of 25 fT/Hz1/2 or less at 1 kHz.

We proposed a novel multilayer structure having a new combination of oxides for integrated high- T c SQUID with ramp-edge Josephson junctions. La 0.1 Er 0.95 Ba 1.95 Cu 3 O y (L1ErBCO) and SmBa 2 Cu 3 O y (SmBCO) were used as counter- and base-electrodes, respectively. An SrSnO 3 (SSO) layer was deposited as an insulating layer. Prior to deposition of SmBCO, Pr 1.4 Ba 1.6 Cu 2.6 Ga 0.4 O y (P4G4) and SSO were deposited on MgO (100) substrate in order to improve film quality of L1ErBCO/SSO/SmBCO layers. The black-colored P4G4 layer was expected to work as a temperature homogenizer over a whole substrate area during deposition of the upper layers. All the layers except L1ErBCO were deposited by an off-axis magnetron sputtering. An L1ErBCO layer was deposited by a pulsed laser deposition method. A thin Cu-poor L1ErBCO layer was initially deposited to form an adequate barrier on the ramp-edge of SmBCO. Gradiometer arrays having multilayered feedback coils and pickup loops were made in a chip and their proper operation at 77 K was confirmed. The present multilayer structure is promising for application to SQUIDs with more complicated designs.

The knowledge of forced flow heat transfer of liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen is important for cooling design of large scale HTS superconducting magnets wound with YBCO, BSCCO or MgB2 conductor adopting indirect cooling or inner conductor cooling, such as CICC configuration. As a first step of the study, forced flow heat transfer of liquid nitrogen in a horizontal tube was analyzed in this work by using a CFD code. The use of a CFD code is necessary to understand the influence of a configuration and a direction dependency of a cooling channel on the local heat transport phenomena in the practical cooling channel of the magnet. The solutions obtained by using the low Reynolds number kappa-epsiv model as a turbulent model agreed with the authors' experimental data and with the values predicted by the Dittus-Boelter (D-B) correlation for the Reynolds numbers (Re) higher than 1 times 104.For Re < 1 times 104, the solutions tend to approach the solutions for the laminar flow. Local heat transfer at circumferential and longitudinal positions in the horizontal tube was analyzed for various flow velocities. Large circumferential and longitudinal temperature distributions were observed in the solutions for Re < 1 times 104. Local temperature change of a magnet in a cooling channel which cannot be evaluated by using the conventional heat transfer correlation such as D-B correlation should be considered for the cooling design of the large scale forced flow cooling HTS magnets.

南九州でのBeauveria bassiana培養シート型不織布製剤 (不織布) によるマツノマダラカミキリ成虫防除の有効性を確かめるため，2003年5月に野外での防除を想定して約1m3の被害材を野外の網室内に集積し，処理区では材の表面に不織布を2,500cm2を固定して置き，対照区ではそのまま，材全体を二つの底辺50cm，高さ40cmの三角形の開口部があるブルーシートで覆った。各網室で捕獲したマツノマダラカミキリ成虫を個別飼育し，生存期間とB. bassianaの叢生を調査した。菌の感染は，成虫の1日あたりの平均後食面積に影響を与えていなかった。対照区と処理区の脱出個体のそれぞれ2％と34％で叢生がみられ，捕獲後15日間で対照区の脱出個体の20％，処理区の脱出個体の52％が死亡した。処理区の脱出個体の死亡率は，2001年に同じ場所で0.2m3の被害材に対して行った同様の試験結果ほぼ等しく，材積あたりの施用量が同じであれば，同等の防除効果が得られることが確かめられた。しかし，今回の叢生率と死亡率は，関東地方での試験結果より低かった。これらの結果をもとに，成虫の活動時期に気温が高く降水量の多い南九州における不織布によるカミキリ成虫駆除効果の向上に向けての問題点について考察した。

Methanolysis investigation of a model polyurethane (PUR), poly[ethylene=methylene bis(4-phenylcarbamate)], and the commercially available PUR foam, Sofran ® is reported. The methanolysis conditions were in the temperature range from 160 to 300 °C and at pressures up to 15 MPa, partly in the supercritical state of methanol. For both the PURs the decomposition percentages are over 90% at temperatures above 200 °C. Methyl carbamate was formed in the reaction mixtures by the decomposition at all temperatures studied. With the GC measurement of the carbamate, it is revealed to be decomposed into methanol and 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The decomposition temperature of the carbamate was determined to be 250 °C by TG–DTA measurement. The chemical recycling process flow on PUR compounds is proposed.

本邦における潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)癌化例312例の臨床病理学的特徴について検討した.10年以上を経過した例(73%),全大腸炎型の症例(83%)に多く,発生する癌はびまん浸潤型(44%),多発型(29%),低分化・粘液癌(45%)が高頻度であった,症例を,癌による症状で発見された群(I),UCに対する検査で偶然発見された群(II),ハイリスク症例に対しサーベイランスで発見された群(III)の3群に分類した.早期癌の比率は1群で4%,II群で24%,III群で55%,単なるclinical follow-up(II群)に比し,サーベイランスを行った場合の予後は良好であった(p

Objective To investigate the relationship between color Doppler indices of dominant follicular blood flow and clinical factors in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles. Subjects and methods This was a prospective study involving 26 patients completing a total of 33 in vitro fertilization cycles. Dominant follicular blood flow indices, peak systolic velocities, the resistance index and the pulsatility index were evaluated using transvaginal color Doppler. The indices were compared to the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Results There was a significant correlation between dominant follicular peak systolic velocities and the number of oocytes retrieved, as well as the number of mature oocytes obtained. There was no significant correlation between dominant follicular resistance index or pulsatility index and the number of follicles > 10 mm in diameter, the number of oocytes retrieved or the number of mature oocytes. There were no significant differences between dominant follicular peak systolic velocities, resistance index or pulsatility index, and fertilization rate or the ratio of good quality embryos. However, significant differences were found between the number of oocytes retrieved, as well as the number of mature oocytes for those patients in which the peak systolic velocity was below 25 cm/s. Conclusions Doppler assessment of dominant follicle blood flow alone is useful for predicting the number of retrievable oocytes. However, morphological quality of the embryo produced or the pregnancy rate cannot be predicted by this method. Copyright © 2002 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Droplet-free deposition of Si nanoparticle films has been studied applying time-resolved imaging of Si nanoparticles formed by laser ablation of Si targets in Ar gas. We found that Si nanoparticles can be deposited not only on substrates facing to the targets but also on substrates placed beside the target. We further confirmed using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), Si nanoparticles with sizes of 5–8 nm are deposited on substrates placed beside the target and using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on the substrates, no droplets are observed.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of ultrasound derived intratumoral peak systolic velocity in epithelial ovarian cancer. Design Color Doppler imaging and pulsed Doppler spectral analysis were used in the investigation of 49 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (19 serous, 15 mucinous, eight endometrioid, four clear cell and three Brenner cell) immediately before laparotomy. Twenty-two were stage I, six were stage II, 17 were stage III and four were stage IV. Sections of malignant tumors were analyzed for the cellular expression of thymidine phosphorylase and the intratumoral density of microvessels by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to thymidine phosphorylase and factor VIII-related antigen, respectively. Moreover, the apoptotic index was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling method. Intratumoral peak systolic velocity was tested for correlation with patients' age at diagnosis, stage of disease, presence of a residual tumor, histological subtype and grade, thymidine phosphorylase expression, apoptotic index, microvessel count and patient survival. Results Histological grade (P = 0.025), thymidine phosphorylase expression (P = 0.044), apoptotic index (P = 0.039) and microvessel count (P = 0.014) were all significantly associated with peak systolic velocity. Stage of disease (P = 0.002), presence of residual disease (P = 0.0002) and peak systolic velocity (P = 0.041) were found by univariate Cox regression analysis to be significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that stage of disease (P = 0.006) and peak systolic velocity (P = 0.008) are independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Intratumoral peak systolic velocity could be a preoperatively pertinent prognostic predictor of survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

The detection and assessment of ovarian lesions are an important part of gynecological practice. Advanced knowledge of whether an overt ovarian mass is malignant might be useful for improving the e...

Contrary to previous results concluding that all 7×7 boundaries in the down step edge were complete, 5×5 faulted half units were found to be introduced in part when the transition region was narrow. In addition, the formation characteristic of the 5×5 faulted half units was strongly influenced by the type of step configuration (nF or nU) and by the structure of the upper step edge (complete or incomplete). Even when the step configuration was the same, the difference in the upper step edge structures strongly affected introduction of 5×5 units.

application/pdf, The dynamics of the flip-flop motion of single buckled dimers of Si(100) was elucidated by locating the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope over a single flip-flopping dimer and measuring the tunneling current (time trace). Based on a statistical analysis of the time trace, we succeeded in estimating the activation energy and the energy splitting between the two stable configurations of buckling. Strong dependence of the dynamics of the flip-flop motion on the local environment was found: Activation energy differs significantly (directly measured 32 meV, estimated ∼110 meV) for dimers in different domains.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, and high dietary levels are associated with a lower incidence of inflammatory diseases. However, only limited effects have been demonstrated in asthma. The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil for 10 months in 29 children with bronchial asthma was investigated in a randomized controlled fashion. In order to minimize the effects of environmental inhaled allergens and diet, this study was performed in a long-term treatment hospital. Subjects received fish oil capsules containing 84 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 36 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or control capsules containing 300 mg olive oil. The daily dosages of EPA and DHA were 17.0-26.8 and 7.3-11.5 mg x kg body weight(-1), respectively. Asthma symptom scores decreased and responsiveness to acetylcholine decreased in the fish oil group but not in the control group. In addition, plasma EPA levels increased significantly only in the fish oil group (p

The CDF Plug Upgrade electromagnetic (EM) calorimeter and the preshower detector consist of tile-"ber elements forming a projective tower geometry. Each of the 23 longitudinal layers is separated into 24 units in the azimuthal direction. Cosmic-ray tests as a quality control of these mechanically basic units, called the 153 units, were carried out since January 1995 and completed in June 1996. All the units amounting to a total 1200 units were processed. By using HAMAMASU R4125 for the photon readout, the average light yields were measured to be 5.8 and 21 photoelectrons for the EM and the preshower units, respectively. The light yield variation along the longitudinal layers of EM tower was measured to be 10%. A GEANT-simulation study using the results of the cosmic-ray tests was performed for a realistic calorimeter con"guration. It was found that the simulated energy resolution was consistent with the requirement of *E/E"J(16%)2/E#(1%)2 (E in GeV). Adding preshower response to EM response improved in particular the linearity of the calorimeter. It was possible to achieve the non-linearity of 1% level for energies in the range of 10}200 GeV. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

We demonstrate the successful fabrication of an almost defect free Si(001) surface by refining the standard annealing and flashing surface preparation method. On any desired samples, we can routinely fabricate a surface with defect densities lower than 0.1%, significantly reducing the defect density compared to surfaces fabricated by standard methodology.

We have studied the electronic characteristics of the C defects of Si(001) by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy at 80 K and room temperature. At room temperature, the C defects had a metallic feature as reported before. However, at 80 K, the C defects that do not act as phase shifters were found to have a metallic feature similar to those at room temperature, while the C defects that act as phase shifters have a semiconductive feature with a band gap of −0.5 V. This indicates that the buckled dimers surrounding the C defects influence and change the electronic structure of the C defects at low temperature. When compared with the buckled dimers, the semiconductive C defects have a state with strong intensity located 0.5 V above the Fermi level and the metallic C defects have a prominent state just above the Fermi level. These states are the origin of the appearance of the C defects as bright protrusions in the empty state STM images.

The adsorption and growth of Xe layers on the Cu(111) surface were studied with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. Initially, Xe atoms preferentially adsorb at the step, revealing two different wetting behaviors at the upper and the lower step edges at the coverage of 0.1 monolayer. Three-dimensional island growth is followed on the terrace at the coverage of g0.2 monolayer when grown at 20 K. The island growth is attributed to inhomogeneous nucleation and lower diffusivity of Xe on the Xe monolayer than on the Cu(111) surface. The diffusion barriers, the two-dimensional barrier on a terrace and the one-dimensional barrier along a step, and the step-down barrier determine the growth morphology of Xe layers as the substrate temperature was raised.