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The incorporation of randomness into stochastic computing can provide ample opportunities for applications such as simulated annealing, non‐polynomial hard problem solving, and Bayesian neuron networks. In these cases, a considerable number of random numbers with an accurate and configurable probability distribution function (PDF) are indispensable. Preferably, these random numbers are provided at the hardware level to improve speed, efficiency, and parallelism. In this paper, how spin‐orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions (SOT‐MTJs) with high barriers are suitable candidates for the desired true random number generators is demonstrated. Not only do these SOT‐MTJs perform excellently in speed and endurance, but their randomness can also be conveniently and precisely controlled by a writing voltage, which makes them a well‐performed Bernoulli bit. By utilizing these SOT‐MTJ‐based Bernoulli bits, any PDF, including Gaussian, uniform, exponential, Chi‐square, and even arbitrarily defined distributions can be realized. These PDF‐configurable true random number generators can then promise to advance the development of stochastic computing and broaden the applications of the SOT‐MTJs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events results in soils experiencing drying–rewetting (DRW) cycles. Such rewetting can lead to a surge in soil CO2 emissions; however, the main regulatory factors involved in this priming effect are unclear. Methods: In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis using data extracted from 43 published papers, to determine the direct regulatory factors involved in the priming effect of soil CO2. Results: The results indicated that the priming effect of rewetting on soil CO2 emissions was influenced by ecosystem type, soil properties, climatic factors, and the number of DRW cycles. The priming effect was the highest in cropland but the lowest in grassland when taking flux values observed before rewetting as the control group. It was also greater in acidic soils (pH < 6.5) and soils with a high clay fraction (clay ≥ 30%) than in other soils. The effect size (lnRR) of soil CO2 emissions was exponentially related to the mean annual precipitation (MAP), and decreased with increases in MAP. In DRW experiments, the priming effect of the first rewetting on soil CO2 emissions was the largest, an effect that gradually decreased with the number of DRW cycles, before disappearing completely. Most importantly, soil moisture influenced the peak time and the pulse time of the priming effect: the greater the change in soil moisture, the longer the peak time duration; the higher the maximum soil moisture content after rewetting, the longer the pulse time duration; and the lower the initial soil moisture content, the bigger the priming effect. Conclusion: Generally, physical mechanisms, especially soil moisture, directly regulate the CO2 priming effect during DRW cycles. Thus, this study provides a theoretical basis for assessing and predicting the impact of future precipitation changes on soil carbon cycling. Future studies should also carefully monitor any changes in soil microorganisms in response to changes in soil moisture during DRW cycles, because these appear to be significantly involved in CO2 release from soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial bioengineering is a growing field for producing plant natural products (PNPs) in recent decades, using heterologous metabolic pathways in host cells. Once heterologous metabolic pathways have been introduced into host cells, traditional metabolic engineering techniques are employed to enhance the productivity and yield of PNP biosynthetic routes, as well as to manage competing pathways. The advent of computational biology has marked the beginning of a novel epoch in strain design through in silico methods. These methods utilize genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) and flux optimization algorithms to facilitate rational design across the entire cellular metabolic network. However, the implementation of in silico strategies can often result in an uneven distribution of metabolic fluxes due to the rigid knocking out of endogenous genes, which can impede cell growth and ultimately impact the accumulation of target products. In this study, we creatively utilized synthetic biology to refine in silico strain design for efficient PNPs production. OptKnock simulation was performed on the GEM of Saccharomyces cerevisiae OA07, an engineered strain for oleanolic acid (OA) bioproduction that has been reported previously. The simulation predicted that the single deletion of fol1 , fol2 , fol3 , abz1 , and abz2 , or a combined knockout of hfd1 , ald2 and ald3 could improve its OA production. Consequently, strains EK1∼EK7 were constructed and cultivated. EK3 (OA07△ fol3), EK5 (OA07△ abz1), and EK6 (OA07△ abz2) had significantly higher OA titers in a batch cultivation compared to the original strain OA07. However, these increases were less pronounced in the fed-batch mode, indicating that gene deletion did not support sustainable OA production. To address this, we designed a negative feedback circuit regulated by malonyl-CoA, a growth-associated intermediate whose synthesis served as a bypass to OA synthesis, at fol3, abz1 , abz2 , and at acetyl-CoA carboxylase-encoding gene acc1 , to dynamically and autonomously regulate the expression of these genes in OA07. The constructed strains R_3A, R_5A and R_6A had significantly higher OA titers than the initial strain and the responding gene-knockout mutants in either batch or fed-batch culture modes. Among them, strain R_3A stand out with the highest OA titer reported to date. Its OA titer doubled that of the initial strain in the flask-level fed-batch cultivation, and achieved at 1.23 ± 0.04 g L−1 in 96 h in the fermenter-level fed-batch mode. This indicated that the integration of optimization algorithm and synthetic biology approaches was efficiently rational for PNP-producing strain design. • We developed a semi-rational strain design method for PNP overproduction in microbes. • The flux optimization algorithm and gene circuit design approach were jointly used. • The 3 constructed S. cerevisiae variants were sustainably efficient in OA production. • Strain R_3A with the self-regulated suppression of fol3 improved OA production to 1.23 g L−1. • Illustration of novel ideas to compromise host cell growth and the heterologous production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Education has been recognised as necessary in forming and internalising professional values. The system and instructors' content in existing educational institutions focus on developing students' knowledge, skills and practices. Still, the development of values has yet to achieve significant effects, leading to a crisis in students' professional identity. Aims: To construct a professional values growth theory for undergraduate nursing students and develop a corresponding education framework. Methods: Through the review, some databases(PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、Wiley and Google Scholars)were searched using a systematic search strategy to collect relevant literature on professional values education. Based on the nursing professional values growth theory (Li and Li, Nursing Ethics In press, 2022), a theory of professional values growth of nursing undergraduates was developed using the method of theory derivation. Two rounds of expert meetings were conducted to review and revise an education framework of professional values of nursing undergraduates derived from that theory. Findings: A total of 10 studies were included. The contents of two themes were analysed: theories and models and the current status of the professional values development of nursing students. The resulting professional values growth theory for undergraduate nursing students consists of five parts: key aspects, decisive opportunities, drivers, embodiment (humanistic sentiments, moral emotions), and outcomes. A total of five experts in the relevant fields were invited to this study. After two rounds of expert meetings, an education framework for undergraduate nursing students was finally developed, which consists of four parts: education objectives, education process and content, environment and conditions, and evaluation. Conclusion: The education framework developed in this study has practical implications for the development of professional values of undergraduate nursing students, providing educational strategies and methods for the growth and internalisation of professional values of undergraduate nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. (Z. nitidum) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that is indigenous to the southern regions of China. Previous research has provided evidence of the significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties exhibited by Z. nitidum. The potential therapeutic effects and cardiac toxicity of Z. nitidum remain uncertain. The aim of this research was to investigate the potential therapeutic properties of the four main compounds of Z. nitidum in cardiovascular diseases, their impact on the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes, and the underlying mechanism of their anti-inflammatory effects. We selected the four compounds from Z. nitidum with a high concentration and specific biological activity: nitidine chloride (NC), chelerythrine chloride (CHE), magnoflorine chloride (MAG), and hesperidin (HE). A proteomic analysis was conducted on the myocardial tissues of beagle dogs following the administration of NC to investigate the role of NC in vivo and the associated biological processes. A bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the in vivo biological processes that MAG, CHE, and HE were involved in. Molecular docking was used to simulate the binding between compounds and their targets. The effect of the compounds on ion channels in cardiomyocytes was evaluated through a patch clamp experiment. Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology was developed to mimic the physiological conditions of the heart in vivo. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that the four compounds of Z. nitidum are extensively involved in various cardiovascular-related biological pathways. The findings from the patch clamp experiments indicate that NC, CHE, MAG, and HE elicit a distinct activation or inhibition of the IK1 and ICa-L in cardiomyocytes. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effects of the compounds on cardiomyocytes were verified using OOC technology. NC, CHE, MAG, and HE demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects through their specific interactions with prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and significantly influence ion channels in cardiomyocytes. Our study provides a foundation for utilizing NC, CHE, MAG, and HE in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drought is considered the main environmental factor restricting apple production and thus the development of the apple industry. Rootstocks play an important role in enhancing the drought tolerance of apple plants. Studies of the physiology have demonstrated that 'ZC9-3' is a strong drought-resistant rootstock, whereas 'Jizhen-2' is a weak drought-resistant rootstock. However, the metabolites in these two apple rootstock varieties that respond to drought stress have not yet been characterized, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their responses to drought stress remain unclear. Results: In this study, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying differences in the drought resistance of 'Jizhen-2' (drought-sensitive) and 'ZC9-3' (drought-resistant) apple rootstocks were explored. Under drought stress, the relative water content of the leaves was maintained at higher levels in 'ZC9-3' than in 'Jizhen-2', and the photosynthetic, antioxidant, and osmoregulatory capacities of 'ZC9-3' were stronger than those of 'Jizhen-2'. Metabolome analysis revealed a total of 95 and 156 differentially accumulated metabolites in 'Jizhen-2' and 'ZC9-3' under drought stress, respectively. The up-regulated metabolites in the two cultivars were mainly amino acids and derivatives. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were more differentially expressed genes and transcription factors in 'ZC9-3' than in 'Jizhen-2' throughout the drought treatment. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that amino acid biosynthesis pathways play key roles in mediating drought resistance in apple rootstocks. A total of 13 metabolites, including L-α-aminoadipate, L-homoserine, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-leucine, (2S)-2-isopropylmalate, anthranilate, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-glutamate, and L-proline, play an important role in the difference in drought resistance between 'ZC9-3' and 'Jizhen-2'. In addition, 13 genes encoding O-acetylserine-(thiol)-lyase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, ketol-acid isomeroreductase, dihydroxyacid dehydratase, isopropylmalate isomerase, branched-chain aminotransferase, pyruvate kinase, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate 5-dehydrogenase, N-acetylglutamate-5-P-reductase, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase positively regulate the response of 'ZC9-3' to drought stress. Conclusions: This study enhances our understanding of the response of apple rootstocks to drought stress at the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional levels and provides key insights that will aid the cultivation of drought-resistant apple rootstock cultivars. Especially, it identifies key metabolites and genes underlying the drought resistance of apple rootstocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional culture is a symbol of a country's existence and history. The external dissemination of traditional culture is the key to expanding the country's influence and enhancing the country's international image. The external dissemination of culture also poses a potential impact on the country's economy and development. In the context of the information age, the dissemination of Chinese traditional culture is attached great importance. The culture of the Forbidden City, from self-construction to borrowing, from online to offline all-media communication channels, unique and novel cultural and creative products and a young brand image provide it with a unique means of communication. The dissemination of the Forbidden City culture is of positive significance to the demonstration of cultural confidence and the innovation and development of culture, and it can be used as a typical case of the dissemination of Chinese traditional culture. Big data technology analyzes the research object through the process of data collection, data screening and data processing, combined with various data analysis tools, and the ultimate goal is to obtain favorable results for the analyst based on the analysis. The use of big data technology in cultural communication research has gradually become the focus of current scholars. This paper takes the Forbidden City culture as the research object, analyzes the current situation of the foreign communication of the traditional culture of the Forbidden City, puts forward the dilemma of the current external communication of Chinese traditional culture based on the current situation, summarizes the problems and reasons of traditional cultural communication, and designs corresponding solutions combined with big data technology. Through the data simulation of Chinese traditional cultural communication using big data solutions, it is found that the demand satisfaction, cultural benefits after cultural communication, and the direction of cultural influence have all improved after analyzing the user's individual needs combined with big data technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data of the Chinese A-share listed firms in China Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2021, this article explores the relationship between common institutional investors and the quality of management earnings forecasts. The study used the multiple linear regression model and empirically found that common institutional investors positively impact the precision of earnings forecasts. This article also uses graph neural networks to predict the precision of earnings forecasts. Our findings have shown that common institutional investors form external supervision over restricting management to release a wide width of earnings forecasts, which helps to improve the risk warning function of earnings forecasts and promote the sustainable development of information disclosure from management in the Chinese capital market. One of the marginal contributions of this paper is that it enriches the literature related to the economic consequences of common institutional shareholding. Then, the neural network method used to predict the quality of management forecasts enhances the research method of institutional investors and the behavior of management earnings forecasts. Thirdly, this paper calls for strengthening information sharing and circulation among institutional investors to reduce information asymmetry between investors and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red culture was born in the revolutionary war era. It contains a rich revolutionary spirit and profound historical and cultural connotations. It plays a pivotal role in education, politics, economy and society, and has a crucial influence in all aspects. In this paper, based on the analysis of big data and IoT-related theories, the current issues of red culture dissemination and influence development are obtained through interviews and questionnaire surveys. In terms of red culture dissemination channels, based on big data, solutions such as establishing a digital red culture database, pinpointing demand groups and combining recommendation algorithms are proposed to improve the speed and impact of dissemination. The coordinated red culture has been improved in terms of dissemination speed, dissemination efficiency, depth of influence, number of influencers, and breadth of influence. The innovation of this paper is to study the development of red culture through big data and Internet of things technology, explore the problems existing in the development of red culture from a new perspective, and put forward corresponding strategies, which is of great innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kuroshio Extension (KE) area is thought to be a "hotspot" of climate and biology in the North Pacific. The variations of density stratification of seasonal thermocline over this area in the warm season can modulate the oceanic response and feedback to atmospheric and biogeochemical processes in winter. As such, we investigate the interannual variability and mechanism of the stratification using the potential energy anomaly (PEA) analysis based on observations and high-resolution ocean reanalysis data. It is found that the stratification has a significant interannual variability that is associated with the KE bimodality: the stratification is weak when the KE takes a stable state, while it is relatively strong when the KE is in an unstable state. The PEA budget analysis shows that PEA advection processes by flow velocity have remarkable differences under the KE stable and unstable states and, in turn, determine the interannual variability of the stratification over the KE region in the warm season. Furthermore, the advection process is mainly caused by the average flow field, while the eddy-induced advection is almost negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dexamethasone (Dexa) has been recently found to exert an analgesic effect, whose action is closely related to IL-8. However, whether dexamethasone induces antinociception via glycolysis and mitochondria-related pathways is still unclear. Methods: Right hind paw inflammatory pain in mice was induced by intraplantar injection of Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Von Frey test was then used to measure the paw withdrawal threshold. The detection of glycolysis and mitochondrial pathway-related proteins and IL-8 were determined by Western blot and ELISA. The potential interaction between Dexa and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP, a PKM2 activator) was examined by simulation predictions using molecular docking. Results: Intrathecal administration of Dexa (20 µg/20 µL) had an obvious analgesic effect in FCA-treated mice, which was counteracted by the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG, 5 mg/20 µL) or the mitochondria-related pathway inhibitor oligomycin complex (Oligo, 5 µg/20 µL). In the glycolysis pathway, Dexa decreased GLUT3 and had no impact on HIF-1α expression during FCA-induced inflammation. Additionally, Dexa further increased the PKM2 level, accompanied by the formation of hydrogen bonds between Dexa and the PKM2 activator fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). In the mitochondrial pathway, Dexa downregulated the expression of Mfn2 protein but not the PGC-1α and SIRT-1 levels in the spinal cord. Moreover, both 2-DG and Oligo decreased Mfn2 expression. Finally, IL-8 level was reduced by the single or combined administration of Dexa, 2-DG, and Oligo. Conclusion: Dexa attenuated IL-8 expression via glycolysis and mitochondrial pathway-related proteins, thus mediating the analgesic effect during inflammatory pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized microbial identification. However, there is a lack of data on its performance in identifying filamentous fungi. The objective of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Autof ms1000 mass spectrometry for identifying filamentous fungi in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Results: Among 106 samples tested using the Autof ms1000 system, 101 (95.28%) were identified at the genus or species level, and 81 (76.41%) were accurately identified at the species level. Additionally, we developed a new rapid formic acid extraction method with simple pretreatment for filamentous fungi that saved time and provided accurate results. Conclusions: The Autof ms1000 mass spectrometer proved to be a valuable tool for identifying filamentous fungi. However, upgrading the database is recommended for correctly identifying rare strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A double-plume convective parameterization scheme is revised to improve the precipitation simulation of a global model (Global-to-Regional Integrated Forecast System; GRIST). The improvement is achieved by considering the effects of large-scale dynamic processes on the trigger of deep convection. The closure, based on dynamic CAPE, is improved accordingly to allow other processes to consume CAPE under the more restricted convective trigger condition. The revised convective parameterization is evaluated with a variable-resolution model setup (110−35 km, refined over East Asia). The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations demonstrate that the revised convective parameterization substantially delays the daytime precipitation peaks over most land areas, leading to an improved simulated diurnal cycle, evidenced by delayed and less frequent afternoon precipitation. Meanwhile, changes to the threshold of the trigger function yield a small impact on the diurnal amplitude of precipitation because of the consistent setting of dCAPE-based trigger and closure. The simulated mean precipitation remains reasonable, with some improvements evident along the southern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau. The revised scheme increases convective precipitation at the lower levels of the windward slope and reduces the large-scale precipitation over the upper slope, ultimately shifting the rainfall peak southward, which is in better agreement with the observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a unified weather-forecast–climate model system, Global-to-Regional Integrated forecast SysTem (GRIST-A22.7.28) currently employs two separate physics suites for weather forecast and typical long-term climate simulation, respectively. Previous AMIP-style experiments have suggested that the weather (PhysW) and climate (PhysC) physics suites, when coupled to a common dynamical core, lead to different behaviors in terms of modeling clouds and precipitation. To explore the source of their discrepancies, this study compares the two suites using a single-column model (SCM). The SCM simulations demonstrate significant differences in the simulated precipitation and low clouds. Convective parameterization is found to be a key factor responsible for these differences. Compared with PhysC, parameterized convection of PhysW plays a more important role in moisture transport and rainfall formation. The convective parameterization of PhysW also better captures the onset and retreat of rainfall events, but stronger upward moisture transport largely decreases the tropical low clouds in PhysW. These features are in tune with the previous 3D AMIP simulations. Over the typical stratus-to-stratocumulus transition regime such as the Californian coast, turbulence in PhysW is weaker than that in PhysC, and shallow convection is more prone to be triggered and leads to larger ventilation above the cloud layer, reducing stratocumulus clouds there. These two suites also have intrinsic differences in the interaction between cloud microphysics and other processes, resulting in different time step sensitivities. PhysC tends to generate more stratiform clouds with decreasing time step. This is caused by separate treatment of stratiform cloud condensation and other microphysical processes, leading to a tight interaction between macrophysics and boundary layer turbulence. In PhysW, all the microphysical processes are executed at the same temporal scale, and thus no such time step sensitivity was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study recruited 9,830 participants to identify whether the interaction between obesity and hypertension affects the occurrence of arteriosclerosis in Chinese adults. Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured to diagnose arteriosclerosis. Unconditional logistic regression was used for multiplicative interaction. The additive interaction was represented by relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy (S). Hypertension was an independent risk factor for baPWV (p <.01), but obesity was not (p =.08). The interaction between obesity and hypertension on arteriosclerosis was not multiplicative (adjusted odds ratio = 0.89 (0.79–1.01), p =.07), but a negative additive interaction (RERI = −4.33, AP = −2.91, S = 0.10; p <.01) exists. Therefore, obesity may reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis caused by hypertension when hypertension and obesity coexist, especially in women and middle-aged people, which supports the obesity paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present work was to cross-culturally adapt the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS) and use a descriptive cross-sectional design to evaluate its psychometric properties in Chinese perinatal women.Methods: Brislin's translation theory was applied to translate the PoDLiS, with subsequent cultural adaptation. The reliability and validity of the PoDLiS were determined using a questionnaire in 635 Chinese perinatal women.Results: Good internal consistency was found (omega coefficient, 0.894) for the Chinese version of the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS-C), with omega coefficients of the six dimensions of 0.865, 0.870, 0.838, 0.777, 0.837 and 0.794, and a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.874. The item-level content validity index (CVI) ranged from 0.8 to 1 while the scale-level CVI was 0.968. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) determined satisfactory construct validity of the PoDLiS-C, with the six-factor model explaining 60.76% of the total variance, demonstrating good model fit (likelihood ratio χ2/df, 1.003; goodness-of-fit index, 0.916; adjusted goodness-of-fit index, 0.901; comparative fit index, 0.999; incremental fit index, 0.999; root mean square error of approximation, 0.003; and standardized root mean square error of approximation, 0.0478).Conclusions: The PoDLiS-C has adequate psychometric properties. This tool could be used to assess the postpartum depression literacy of perinatal women in Chinese-speaking populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of financial market, stock market price volatility analysis has been the focus of academic and industry attention. Candlestick chart, as the most widely used indicator for evaluating stock market price volatility, has been intensively studied and explored. With the continuous development of computer technology, the stock market analysis method based on candlestick chart is gradually changed from manual to intelligent algorithm. However, how to effectively use stock market graphical indicators to analyze stock market price fluctuations has been pending solution, and deep learning algorithms based on structured data such as deep neural networks (DNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) always have the problems of making it difficult to capture the laws and low generalization ability for stock market graphical indicators data processing. Therefore, this paper proposes a quantification method of stock market candlestick chart based on Hough variation, using the graph structure embedding method to represent candlestick chart features and multiple attention graph neural network for stock market price fluctuation prediction. The experimental results show that the proposed method can interpret the candlestick chart features more accurately and has superiority performance over state-of-the-art deep learning methods, including SVM, CNN, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM. Relative to these algorithms, the proposed method achieves an average performance improvement of 20.51% in terms of accuracy and further achieves at least 26.98% improvement in strategy returns in quantitative investment experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the resolution sensitivity of the Global‐to‐Regional Integrated forecast SysTem global nonhydrostatic model characterized by explicit dynamics–microphysics coupling using varying uniform resolutions (120, 60, 30, 15, and 5 km). The experiments followed the DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non‐hydrostatic Domains (DYAMOND) winter protocol, which covers a 40‐day integration. These simulations did not activate parameterized convection. One 120 km test with parameterized convection was performed as a coarse‐resolution reference. Other model configurations for different simulations were kept as consistent as possible. Our results showed that the model gradually improved its representation of the fine‐scale features as the resolution increased. The 5 km simulation was overall close to a 3.75 km simulation during the first 12 days of the DYAMOND winter. With respect to the mean climate, the 5 km simulation had a more realistic rainfall distribution than the lower resolution explicit convection simulations. Cloud water and the related physical fields (e.g., shortwave cloud radiative forcing) had a large resolution sensitivity. The tropical rainfall frequency–intensity spectra became more realistic in the 5 km explicit convection simulation, but the 120 km run with parameterized convection showed a more realistic mean climate. As the resolution increases, the mean bulk effect of finely resolved model convection gradually converges to that of parameterized convection. The mean climate of this storm‐resolving model has slightly higher rainfall biases than a parameterized convection coarse‐resolution model, highlighting the importance of balancing resolved‐ and under‐resolved model convection for developing a unified multiscale global model. Key Points: The resolution sensitivity of the Global‐to‐Regional Integrated forecast SysTem nonhydrostatic model with an explicit‐convection setup is assessed from O (100 km) to O (km) scalesThe model gradually improves its representation of fine‐scale fluid structures with increasing resolutionThe interaction between cumulus ensemble and large‐scale flow of a Global storm‐resolving model overall converges to that of a parameterized convection model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karst groundwater in the Baiquan spring region is necessary for domestic use, agricultural irrigation, and industrial production in Xingtai City, northern China. Understanding the hydrogeochemistry of important groundwater resources and how they respond to sustained mining and agricultural activities is essential. Samples of karst groundwater and Quaternary sediment groundwater were collected and their hydrogeochemical properties were evaluated, environmental isotopes were determined, and statistical analyses were performed to reveal the geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality. The results indicate that the karst groundwater tested in this study area has a meteoric origin, the dissolution processes of dolomite and gypsum are dominant in water–rock interactions, and evaporation occurs in discharge areas where the groundwater is shallow-buried and slow-flowing. The preferential flows of karst groundwater in the northern region are characterized by the chemical compositions of HCO3–Ca·Mg type, while concentrated mining activities in the southern region increase the concentration of SO42− in karst groundwater, and SO4·HCO3–Ca, HCO3·SO4–Ca, SO4·HCO3–Ca·Mg, and SO4–Ca hydrochemical types of groundwater are formed. Compared to karst groundwater, the variability of the TDS and main ion concentrations in shallow Quaternary sediment groundwater is evident, and the hydrochemical types are also more diverse. In addition to mining activities, sewage from agricultural production and domestic sources have also negatively impacted the quality of groundwater in both exposed and buried carbonate areas, as evidenced by the increasing NO3− and Cl− contents in karst groundwater and Quaternary sediment groundwater. These results help explain the mechanisms of gradual hydrogeochemical changes and may assist the development of effective solutions to prevent groundwater pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stock market is an important part of the capital market, and the research on the price fluctuation of the stock market has always been a hot topic for scholars. As a dynamic and complex system, the stock market is affected by various factors. However, with the development of information technology, information presents multisource and heterogeneous characteristics, and the transmission speed and mode of information have changed greatly. The explanation and influence of multi-source and heterogeneous information on stock market price fluctuations need further study. In this paper, a graph fusion and embedding method for multi-source heterogeneous information of Chinese stock market is established. Relational dimension information is introduced to realize the effective fusion of multi-source heterogeneous data information. A multi-attention graph neural network based on nodes and semantics is constructed to mine the implied semantics of fusion graph data and capture the influence of multi-source heterogeneous information on stock market price fluctuations. Experiments show that the proposed multi-source heterogeneous information fusion methods is superior to tensor or vector fusion method, and the constructed multi-attention diagram neural network has a better ability to explain stock market price fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Denitrification rates initially increase and subsequently decline with the increased water flow velocities, regardless of the presence of vegetation. • Denitrification rates are significantly higher at night than daytime with vegetated sediment. • Flow velocity regulates denitrification by balancing the impact on NO 3 − transfer and dissolved oxygen saturation. Ditches and river networks play crucial roles in nitrogen (N) removal within aquatic ecosystems, and their effectiveness depends on various biogeochemical and hydraulic factors. Among these, water flow velocity, as a hydraulic factor, has been relatively underexplored due to the limited N removal quantifying method in flowing open channel waterway. In this study, we used argon as a tracer to calibrate the diffusion coefficient of N 2. We then applied the gas diffusion coefficient method to assess how water flow velocity affects denitrification rates. Our results provide new insights into the trade-off role of water flow velocity in N removal through denitrification across a range of flow velocities (0, 1, 4, 6, 10 cm s−1) in open channel waterway. This trade-off effect arises from the interplay between increased NO 3 − transfer and rising dissolved oxygen levels as water flow velocity increases, resulting in an initially increased and subsequently declined denitrification rate with increased water flow velocities. The denitrification rates reached maximum and minimum values at the water flow velocity of 4 cm s−1 and 0 cm s−1, respectively, regardless of the presence of vegetation. Average denitrification rates ranged from 36.8 to 358.8 µmol N 2 m−2h−1 in unvegetated sediments and from 133.0 to 383.5 µmol N 2 m−2h−1 in vegetated sediments within the spectrum of water flow velocities. In addition, we observed significantly higher denitrification rates at night than during the day, likely due to the photosynthesis and respiration processes associated with plant metabolism. These findings of this study contribute to the understanding of how water flow velocity affects denitrification rates and provide valuable information for the simulation and restoration efforts aimed at enhancing the N removal capacity of river networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ozone microbubble treatment is a gentle and effective washing technology. • The hydroxyl radicals in water maintained about 9.3 μmol·L-1 by ozone microbubbles. • The hydrophobicity of apricot skin affects the pesticide residues removal adversely. • Ozone microbubble treatment does not significantly affect vitamin C in fruits. Developing a straightforward method to remove pesticide residues from fruits is essential for food safety. In this study, ozone microbubble treatment was performed on three fruits (strawberry, cherry, and apricot) to remove four pesticide residues (emamectin benzoate, azoxystrobin, boscalid, and difenoconazole) while comparing removal efficiency. The concentration of hydroxyl radicals in different washing orientations was homogeneous at a concentration ranging between 8.9 and 10.2 μmol·L-1. Under long washing time (18 min), strawberry, cherry, and apricot obtained higher removal rates of 51 %∼65 %, 51 %∼59 % and 24 %∼70 %, respectively. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle (CA) revealed that apricot has better hydrophobicity, leading to a higher pesticide removal of 45 ∼ 84 % with less water and more vigorous washing. Notably, vitamin C content in fruits remain largely unchanged following ozone microbubble treatment. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of ozone microbubble treatment as pollution-free method for enhancing food safety by removing pesticide residues on fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional method of crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) preparation can improve the stability but is not conducive to cleaner production. From the perspective of process optimization, ultrasound is introduced into the crumb rubber modified asphalt preparation process, and the high temperature, high pressure and high energy accompanied by the cavitation effect are used to generate free radical triggering chemical effects at the two-phase interface between crumb rubber and asphalt. In this paper, the influence of ultrasound on the compatibility and stability of crumb rubber modified asphalt system was evaluated by combining experiment and molecular dynamics simulation. An experimental platform for ultrasound-assisted preparation of crumb rubber modified asphalt was established. The effects of ultrasonic on the physical properties of asphalt and crumb rubber modified asphalt were studied through Brookfield viscosity test, thin film oven aging test and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The base, aged, and ultrasonically treated asphalt samples were simulated using molecular dynamics, and various parameters such as Cohesive Energy Density (CED), Mean Square Displacement (MSD), and Free Volume Fraction (FFV) of asphalt and its components were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that under the ultrasonic-assisted preparation, the agglomeration phenomenon of rubber particles is weakened, the particle size is reduced, the penetration degree is reduced, and the compatibility between rubber and asphalt is improved. Under the action of ultrasonic, the MSD and diffusion coefficient of crumb rubber modified asphalt are much higher than other kinds of asphalt, the dipole moment is increased, and the molecular motion range is wider. This indicates that the diffusion ability of crumb rubber modified asphalt is significantly enhanced under the external force of ultrasonic simulation. The molecular bonds of crumb rubber modified asphalt changes greatly, the energy decreases obviously, and the system stability increases. In conclusion, ultrasonic action on crumb rubber modified asphalt preparation is a green and effective way to improve system stability and compatibility. • The crumb rubber modified asphalt was prepared by ultrasonic method, which improved the compatibility and stability. • Perl script is used to simulate the sinusoidal force of ultrasonic field, and the molecular diffusion ability is enhanced. • Ultrasonic technology has a positive effect on preventing crumb rubber particle agglomeration during short-term aging. • An efficient production method of modified asphalt prepared by ultrasonic was proposed in the process innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractured rock mass is a kind of complex rock mass widely existing in engineering projects, which is often subjected to erosion by different pH hydrochemical solutions such as surface water, acid rain, acidic and alkaline wastewater discharge, and deicing salts. When the rock project in a cold region suffers from the coupled effects of hydrochemical solutions and freeze-thaw (FT) cycles, the frost-heave-thaw-shrinkage characteristics of rocks are different from ordinary FT under dynamic loads, and the effect of FT cycles may be enlarged or reduced in different hydrochemical solutions. How to determine the effect of FT cycles on the expansion and changes of rock fractures, which is related to the safety and stability of many engineering rock masses in cold regions. In this study, the microstructure changes of specimens induced by hydrochemical solutions and cyclic FT were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dynamic fracture tests were conducted using single cleavage triangle (SCT) granite specimens. Crack propagation gauge (CPG) was applied to examine crack propagation speed (CPS). The findings indicate that the mineral composition of the granite did not vary large with the hydrochemical solutions and FT cycles, but the maximum diffraction intensity of each mineral composition changed. For the granite under the coupling effect of hydrochemical solutions and FT cycles, the granite specimen in NaOH solution with 100 FT cycles has the highest dynamic fracture toughness and is 10.76 MPa·m1/2, dynamic fracture toughness of H 2 O, HNO 3 and Na 2 SO 4 solutions are only 0.94, 0.91 and 0.93 of that of NaOH solution. With increasing FT cycle times, the dynamic fracture toughness and crack speed decrease, whereas the porosity increases. For the specimen in NaOH solution and 100 FT cycles, dynamic fracture toughness decreased by 18.12 % without FT cycles and crack speed decreased by 34.18 %, the porosity increases by 26.42 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inverse finite element method (iFEM) is one of the most effective deformation reconstruction techniques for shape sensing, which is widely applied in structural health monitoring. The distribution of strain sensors affects the reconstruction accuracy of the structure in iFEM. This paper proposes a method to optimize the layout of sensors rationally. Firstly, this paper constructs a dual-objective model based on the accuracy and robustness indexes. Then, an improved adaptive multi-objective particle swarm optimization (IAMOPSO) algorithm is developed for this model, which introduces initialization strategy, the adaptive inertia weight strategy, the guided particle selection strategy and the external candidate solution (ECS) set maintenance strategy to multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). Afterwards, the performance of IAMOPSO is verified by comparing with MOPSO applied on the existing inverse beam model. Finally, the IAMOPSO is employed to the deformation reconstruction of complex plate-beam model. The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the IAMOPSO is an excellent tool for sensor layout in iFEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study aims to explore the research hot spots, development trends and knowledge structure of dignity in the nursing field. Design: Quantitative and co‐word biclustering analysis were used. Methods: Articles on dignity care published from 01 Jan 2011 to 31 Dec 2020, were retrieved from PubMed. The extracted Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were quantitatively analysed using Bibliographic Item Co‐occurrence Matrix Builder software. To determine the hot spots, a biclustering analysis was completed using gCluto1.0 software. A strategic diagram and a social network analysis (SNA) were used to reveal trends in the theme and knowledge structure. Results: In the parameters of the retrieval strategy, a total of 1977 papers were included in the present study. Amongst all the extracted MeSH terms, 27 high‐frequency MeSH terms were identified, and the hot spots were grouped into five categories. These were namely dignity in: (1) dementia care, (2) palliative care, (3) older people care, (4) healthcare and (5) clinical nursing. In the strategic diagram, the study of dignity in clinical nursing was active and should become an emerging field of research in the near future. Conclusions: Based on the co‐word biclustering of dignity care over the past 10 years, five hot spots were identified, and it was predicted that research on dignity in clinical nursing would be the main trend in future studies. Amongst the five themes it was interesting to note that dignity in dementia and palliative care are core priorities to which scholars should pay more attention. Impact: In recent years, dignity‐conserving care has been highly valued, however, there are few relevant bibliometric articles that can be referenced on this topic. The present study was considered to offer novel insights into research on dignity in nursing and could be a reliable reference point for researchers when launching new projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones bearing an α-methine proton can be deprotonated and mono-allylated in minutes in the complete absence of an organic solvent to arrive at the corresponding products in high isolated yields. Applications to synthetic targets including both MK-7 and MK-9, as well as coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9), utilizing this new technology are documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables threaten food safety. Cleaning before eating is a usual way to remove pesticide residues, so it is very important to find the most efficient cleaning conditions for public health. However, many previous cleaning studies only focused on a single variable which required a large amount of time manpower and material resources. Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology can avoid the earlier‐mentioned problems and have potential in studying the influence and interaction of multiple factors. In this study, the effect of five factors on the removal of triadimefon and boscalid from rape by ultrasonic washing was evaluated through PBD: pH of water, ultrasonic cleaning time, water temperature, initial residual concentration and volume of water. RESULTS: Temperature had a significant effect on the rate of triadimefon removal while the other four factors impacted boscalid removal greatly. A higher temperature was better for the removal rate of triadimefon. Under alkaline environment, when initial residual concentration and cleaning time increased with decreasing water volume, the removal rate of boscalid increased. Furthermore, the interactions among factors were obtained. The regression coefficients of fitting equations about triadimefon and boscalid were 0.9657 and 0.9738, respectively. CONCLUSION: Changing pH of water, cleaning time, water volume and temperature during the washing process of rape through PBD designed experiments represents a valid strategy for improving the removal rate of two pesticides residue. This study provides a reference for ultrasonic cleaning conditions by a sink dishwasher, which has a positive effect on food safety. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The solubility of CO 2 in two protic ionic liquids was measured. • The Pitzer model and SRK equation can correlate the experimental data accurately. • Two protic ionic liquids have high solubility and low viscosity. • More hydrogen bonds and greater interaction energy result in greater solubility of CO 2 in [NEMH][For]. Two kinds of protic ionic liquids, N-methylmorpholinium formate ([NMMH][For]) and N-ethylmorpholinium formate ([NEMH][For]), were synthesized by the acid-base neutralization method. The solubility of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the two ionic liquids was measured at temperatures of 298.15 to 338.15 K and pressures of up to 900 kPa. The solubility increases linearly with pressure, indicating that CO 2 is physically absorbed in ionic liquids. The solubility of CO 2 in [NEMH][For] is higher than that of [NMMH][For]. Absorption behavior was investigated by thermodynamic properties, such as the Henry's law constant, partial molar Gibbs free energy, partial molar enthalpy, and partial molar entropy. The Pitzer's model and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) cubic equation of state were used to fit the solubility data, respectively. The Pitzer's model is found to have better prediction accuracy. The interaction of two protic ionic liquids with CO 2 was analyzed using quantum chemistry. The molecular mechanism of CO 2 absorption by two protic ionic liquids was explained from the microscopic point of view. CO 2 + [NEMH][For] has more hydrogen bonds and a higher interaction energy. The cation–anion interaction of [NEMH][For] diminishes in the presence of CO 2 , resulting in an increase in the cation–anion distance. These factors result in higher solubility of CO 2 in [NEMH][For]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A method of primary traveling wave inversion combined with EEMD and L 1 -Ls regularization algorithm is proposed, which realizes the accurate detection of traveling wave shape by inverting the measured secondary traveling wave signal. • The inversion primary traveling wave obtained exhibits a remarkable resemblance to the measured primary traveling wave, and the inversion outcomes closely align with the actual waveform. • This method is not affected by the mode aliasing effect and the accuracy of regularization parameters. The fault information of the inversion primary traveling wave obtained by the method has a small error with the measured primary traveling wave. Aiming at the problem of waveform distortion of the secondary traveling wave obtained from the primary traveling wave signal transmitted by the voltage traveling wave sensor, an accurate detection method of voltage traveling wave based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and L 1 norm least squares regularization is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the forward transfer function model of the specialized voltage traveling wave sensor is established, and the inversion model is derived to analyze the phase frequency and amplitude frequency characteristics of the secondary traveling wave after transmission. EEMD is used to decompose the secondary traveling wave into the intrinsic modal function (IMF) components of different frequency bands. The L 1 norm least square regularization inversion algorithm was used to invert each IMF component. Finally, the IMF' components after inversion are synthesized to obtain the primary traveling wave. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is not affected by noise, mode aliasing effect and regularization parameter accuracy, and the obtained waveform has high similarity to the simulated waveform, which enables precise identification of fault traveling wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The easy interconversion between V4+ and V5+ in the solution occurs and the further transition from V4+ to V3+ completed after annealing. • The higher content of V3+ is generates in the product. • The composites are composed of NVPF/C and NVP/C phases after annealing at different temperature. The polyanionic compound Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 (NVP) and Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 2 F 3 (NVPF) are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, but their poor electronic conductivity affects the electrochemical performance and the output energy density. The easy interconversion between V4+ and V5+ in the solution appears due to the weak bonds of D-tartaric acid, which lowers the energy barrier for further transition to V3+ and results in an excess V3+ in the product. A small amount of NVPF/C is converted to NVP/C due to the volatility of fluorine after heat treatment. D-tartaric acid as a carbon source forms a 3D network structure after calcination, thresholds the growth of NVP or NVPF and hinders the volume expansion during sodium storage. The initial discharge specific capacity of NVPF/C-650 is 85 mAh g−1 at 5C, and remains 59.2 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles, which is related to the low charge transfer resistance, rapid Na+ ion diffusion and the pseudocapacitance effect. The binding of V and the carbon source in the solution affects the content of V3+/V4+ content, and the annealing temperature affects the formation and composition of the conducting carbon, both of which influence the electrochemical performance. This result provides a concept for possible screening of the carbon source for sodium storage materials with excellent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The MoS 2 @Ti electrode was successfully prepared using a one-step solvothermal method. • Above 94.5 % Hg2+ was successfully and efficiently reduced by using MoS 2 @Ti cathode system. • The removal efficiency of Hg2+ was studied and predicted by neural network. Although mercury is one of the heavy metal pollutants that endanger human health and the environment, it is also an essential raw material needed for industrial development. We try to use electrochemical reduction method to realize the resource utilization of mercury. MoS 2 @Ti electrodes were prepared using a one-step solvothermal method, and XRD, XPS, SEM and EDS were used to analyze the MoS 2 powder. The prepared highly reactive MoS 2 @Ti electrode was used as a cathode to electrochemically reduce the mercury-containing solution. After a series of single-factor experiments, under the conditions of stirring rate of 400 r/min, electrode spacing of 20 mm, constant potential of 2 V and electrolytic time of 2 h, the removal efficiency of Hg2+ in 10 ∼ 50 mg/L HgSO 4 -10 % H 2 SO 4 solution reached 94.5 % or above. The reaction mechanism of MoS 2 @Ti was investigated mainly by using the indirect reaction of superoxide radicals and hydrogen radicals to achieve the reduction of Hg2+. And the MoS 2 @Ti electrode can still reach 80.0 % removal efficiency after five times of repeated use. A neural network model was used to predict the efficiency of Hg2+ reduction in this system with a high accuracy of RMSE 1.3049 and R2 0.9511. The above study contributes to the realization of the resource utilization of mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical model of eddy current field under sinusoidal excitation of a planar spiral coil is established, taking into account the gap between the turns of a spiral coil and displacement current. The developed model is firstly validated by FEM and experiments, and then was applied to investigate the influences of displacement current on eddy current signal. The results show that the increase of the excitation frequency and the permittivity of the specimen, the influence of the displacement current increase as well for thin samples. Basically, high-frequency eddy current testing allows for the measurement of relative permittivity of thin samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Al, Si, Zr, Ca, La, Mn, Sc and Y increase the W ad and reduce the γ int. • Valence electrons and electronegativity greatly effect on interfacial property. • Zn, Al and Zr increase the theoretical tensile strength. • Each alloyed Mg/WC interface fractures in the Mg matrix rather than interface. • Al-C and Si-C bonds on the interface is stronger than Mg-Mg bond in the bulk. Alloying elements play a key role in the interfacial stability and mechanical properties of WC reinforced Mg matrix composites while their influence is complex and unclear. In this work, the segregation energy, adhesion work, interface energy and tensile strength of Mg(0001)/WC(0001) interface alloying with Al, Si, Zn, Zr, Ca, La, Mn, Sc, Y and Sn were calculated by first-principles method and the strengthening and fracture mechanism of the interface were clarified. The results show that alloying elements such as Al, Si, Zr, Ca, La, Mn, Sc and Y increase the adhesion work and reduce the interface energy, thereby improving the interface stability. Meanwhile, the addition of Sn and Zn shows the opposite effect. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the valence electrons and electronegativity of alloying elements have the most significant effect on the thermodynamic parameter and a high-accuracy prediction regression equation is put forward. The fracture of the Mg/WC interface occurs in the Mg matrix side but not on the exact interface. This may result from the strong M−C (M = Al, Si) bonds at the interface and weak Mg-Mg bond in the bulk according to COHP analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon (Si) is a highly promising anode candidate for lithium-ion batteries. However, the huge volume change of Si during the lithiation/delithiation process might cause serious structural damage, thereby restricting its potential application. Herein, a novel self-standing electrode consisting of porous carbon coated Si (Si@p-C) nanoparticles and carbon fibers (Si@p-C/p-CF) is prepared by a facile electrospinning technique. The three-dimensional carbon fiber framework derived from polyacrylonitrile serves as the support for self-standing electrode, which exhibits superior flexibility and satisfactory electrolyte penetration ability. The porous carbon matrix on the surface of Si nanoparticles can effectively buffer the volume expansion of Si during cycling and prevent direct contact between Si and the electrolyte. Attributed to these merits, the obtained (Si@p-C) 0.5 /p-CF electrode exhibits outstanding cycling stability with a specific capacity of 940 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 400 cycles, delivering great application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crack parameter test meter was applied in crack propagation speed calculation. • A large specimen with tunnel was used to calculate rock dynamic fracture toughness. • The crack growth behavior outside the roadway under different impact loading directions was studied. • Stress wave and fracture mechanics theories were used to explain the interaction mechanism between cracks and tunnel. The backfilling of the tunnel is crucial for the stability of the goaf. To investigate the differences in crack propagation behavior before and after tunnel backfilling under different impact directions, a large rectangular plate LSCSC model was conducted. A crack parameter test meter was used to monitor the crack expansion behavior of pre-cracks under dynamic load in real time. Subsequently, the AUTODYN and ABAQUS software were used to simulate the crack propagation path and dynamic fracture toughness, and the following conclusions were obtained. The presence or absence of tunnel backfilling does not affect the crack propagation path, and the primary critical areas of the surrounding rock remain essentially the same. But have significant influences on crack propagation speed and fracture toughness. After backfilling, the crack propagation speed decreases significantly, and there is a noticeable crack-stopping phenomenon during the interconnection process. In addition, the influence of different wave impedance materials on the fracture behavior of cracks varies. In the selected filling material used in this paper, the initiation fracture toughness of the cracks increases by 45 %, and the average propagation toughness increases by 50 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gas-phase propylene epoxidation for noble metal system as a green process has confronted a great challenging task in metal utilization and stability. In this work, we realize the enhancement of Au capture efficiency and high-dispersed Au nanoparticles by supports modification and interfacial regulation to construct Au–Fe–TS-1 interface coupling structure. The Au capture efficiency of the optimum catalyst arrived at 69% and it displayed a 7.3% C3H6 conversion with a PO selectivity of 89.9%, giving a H2 efficiency of about 25.7%. Then some typical characterizations systematically elucidate that Fe is not only incorporated into TS-1 framework and captures Au species with high dispersion and stability, but also inhibits the losing of Ti species. Furthermore, Fe-modified catalysts change the property of Au active site and maintain lower apparent activation energy. This report may provide a new strategy to design advanced catalysts for enhancing metal utilization efficiency by the construction of interface coupling structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the effect of the time step on the physics–dynamics interaction in a model, we used an idealized tropical cyclone test to evaluate the sensitivities to the physics time step in the Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 (CAM5). The investigated time steps were 450, 900 and 1800 s at a resolution of 1°, and 225, 450, 900 and 1800 s at a resolution of 0.25° in the corresponding ensemble simulations. We found that the intensity and precipitation of the simulated tropical cyclone and the physics parameterizations are fairly sensitive to the time step. These sensitivities are affected by the dynamical core and the physics–dynamics coupling strategy and vary with the horizontal resolution. In low-resolution runs, the intensity of the simulated tropical cyclone varies little with physics time step in the finite volume (FV) dynamical core, but it tends to weaken with decreasing time steps in the spectral element (SE) dynamical core. The horizontal circulation of the tropical cyclone in both the FV and SE simulations increases as the length of the time step decreases in high-resolution runs, where large-scale condensation dominates. The sensitivities in the physical parameterizations to time step play an important role in regulating the impact of time step on the physics–dynamics interaction, especially in high-resolution simulations. Compared with the sequential coupling approach (ftype1) with a sudden adjustment at each physics time step in the SE core, the dribbling coupling strategy (ftype0) that adjusts the state more gradually weakens the effect of the physical parameterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The residue Pro-176 located in the active groove of the CGTase was replaced by other 15 amino acids residues. • The mutant P176G is important for the β-CD specificity. • The cyclization activity of mutants P176I and P176L both improve. • The Pro at position 176 play an important role in enzymatic properties. Based on the analysis of amino acid sequence and simulated structure, saturation mutagenesis was performed to explore the role of the site p176 of cyclodextrin glucosytransferase (CGTase) from Bacillus sp. Y112. Compared to the wild-type, mutant P176G showed 10.4 % improvement in conversion from starch to cyclodextrins (CDs), whose β-CD yield increased by 6% and α-CD yield decreased by 8%. Mutants P176L and P176I were increased by 7.9 % and 9.4 % on CDs production, indicating replacement of hydrophobic amino acids significantly improved in cyclization activity. Kinetics studies indicated the substrate affinity of P176G and P176K were increase by 13 % and 14 %, and the catalytic efficiency of P176K was increase by 14 %. In addition, the optimal temperature of mutants transformed from 50℃ to 40℃ and the optimal pH shifted from 10.0 to 8.0. These results indicate that the site P176 plays a critical role in catalytic activity, product specificity and enzymatic properties of CGTase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Alexithymia, difficulties in identifying and describing one's own feelings, is related to substantial clinical practice. Inspired by the links between serotonin functions and affective disorders, this study investigated associations of the serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A) gene with alexithymia and mental health.Methods: We differentiated subjects according to two functional polymorphisms (i.e., rs6311 and rs6313) of 5-HT2A gene and scored alexithymia and mental health of college students with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), respectively.Results: The analyses basing on sample 1 (N = 566) and sample 2 (N = 602) indicated that the G allele of rs6311 was related to higher score on the TAS-20 as compared to the AA genotype. The analysis with 467 individuals from sample 2 indicated that the rs6311 was associated with mental health, and this association was mediated by alexithymia.Limitations: The potential confounding variables such as depression and anxiety were neglected in the analyses.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the contribution of the 5-HT2A to alexithymia, and highlight the link between alexithymia and mental health at genetic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have successfully constructed electron‐rich Bi and Mo species with a highly degree of dispersion and hierarchical pore texture by introducing Cu/SiO2 as a bi‐functional modifier for MoO3‐Bi2SiO5/SiO2. Characterization techniques suggest the Bi species was modified by Cu with a Bi‐O−Cu coordination structure, and copper species became a capture site for Mo species that improved the dispersity and interface bonding strength of Mo and regulated electron structure of Bi and Mo species, synchronously. Additionally, the hierarchical pore was constructed by compositing Cu/SiO2 with Bi2SiO5/SiO2 support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous γ-herpesvirus related to various types of cancers, including epithelial nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, and lymphoma. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed extensively in mammalian cells and play crucial roles in regulating various cellular processes and multiple cancers. Cellular lncRNAs can be differentially expressed induced by EBV infection. The dysregulated lncRNAs probably modulate the host immune response and other biological functions. At present, lncRNAs have been found to be significantly increased or decreased in EBV-infected cells, exosomes and EBV-associated cancers, suggesting their potential function and clinical application as biomarkers. In addition, EBV-encoded lncRNAs, BART and BHLF1 lncRNAs, may play roles in the viral oncogenesis. Analysis of the specific lncRNAs involved in interactions with the EBV machinery will provide information on their potential mechanism of action during multiple steps of EBV tumorigenesis. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding EBV-related lncRNAs and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of transition metal elements in catalysis has become a research hotspot in recent years. Here, two kinds of transition metal-centered HER electrocatalyst of Co(Ⅱ)TPP-based coordination compounds and Fe(Ⅲ)TPP-based coordination compounds are reported. Both of coordination compounds show high photocurrent response and excellent hydrogen evolution activity. The most attraction is that FeTPP-OA/PVP58, FeTPP-PTA/PVP58, FeTPP-OA/PVP1300 and FeTPP-PTA/PVP1300 possess a special surface with a big spine-like cross which is different to the regular pyramid morphology of the other coordination compounds, and these coordination compounds display superior HER performance compare to the other samples. Especially, FeTPP-OA/PVP58 exhibits a low overpotential of 83 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and an ultralow Tafel slope of 39 mV dec−1 which is close to the Pt/C (29 mV dec−1). The low charge transfer resistance of 14.4 Ω and high photocurrent of 3 μA under visible light illumination also reveal the outstanding photoelectrochemical property of FeTPP-OA/PVP58. This work provides a novel insight into the design of transition metal-centered HER electrocatalyst with high-efficiency electrocatalytic activity and low cost. • An 1D linear Co(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ)TPP-based coordination compounds was fabricated. • 1D linear coordination compounds possess the regular pyramid morphology. • Both coordination compounds all show high photocurrent response and excellent hydrogen evolution activity. • The complexes have a great potential for HER electrocatalysts with high-efficiency activity and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a reduced-order extended state observer (ESO) based sliding mode control scheme for friction compensation of a three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot. Compared with previous works, the proposed control approach is attractive from an implementation point of view. It does not require any explicit friction model, with quite low computation cost. First, a dynamic model with unknown friction forces is given. Then, the controller is designed, consisting of two parts. One part of the control effort is to compensate the friction effects, which are estimated by a reduced-order ESO without using any explicit friction model. The inverse of inertia matrix is also avoided in the proposed reduced-order ESO. The other part of the control effort is designed based on a second-order sliding mode technique known as super-twisting algorithm, in presence of parameter uncertainties. In addition, stability analysis of the designed control system is presented. Extensive experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control design in compensating different friction effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a hybrid modelling approach for early urban flood warning and forecasting purpose. The hybrid model structure proposed combines a deterministic sewer model with a probabilistic logistic regression model. By varying the sewer model structures from complex hydrodynamic models to simple conceptual models, different hybrid models are constructed in order to accommodate different levels of available knowledge and data about the urban hydrological system. The hybrid models are optimized using crowdsourced flooding records. They can predict the probability of flooding at the urban sub-catchment scale. The proposed methodology is tested for two cases in Antwerp, Belgium. Promising results show its potential in making fast and reliable urban flood predictions. Reasonable predictions are made even by the simplest model form, indicating the method could work also for sub-catchments with limited information. It also shows that the proposed methodology allows identifying the most dominant hydrological processes explaining urban flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SnSe‐based materials have attracted widespread attention in thermoelectrics due to their outstanding thermoelectric performance. However, the pristine and unmodified polycrystalline SnSe reveals poor electrical properties. Doping and constructing nanostructured composite architectures to produce energy filtering effect proved to be an effective method to strengthen thermoelectric performance. In this study, Ti3C2/Sn0.98Cd0.02Se composites are successfully fabricated by the solvothermal method combined with the electrostatic self‐assembly method and spark plasma sintering. The phase interface introduced by incorporating Ti3C2 into Sn0.98Cd0.02Se can effectively filter low‐energy carriers due to its generation of energy barriers, thereby the Seebeck coefficient of x wt% Ti3C2/Sn0.98Cd0.02Se x = (0.05, 0.5, 1) samples is better than that of the pristine Sn0.98Cd0.02Se over the whole temperature range. Meanwhile, high conductivity was also obtained in 1 wt% Ti3C2/Sn0.98Cd0.02Se sample so that the high power factor of 3.31 μWcm−1K−2 was acquired at 773 K. Ultimately, a peak ZT value of 0.41 was obtained at 773 K, compared with pristine Sn0.98Cd0.02Se, and the thermoelectric performance improved by 24%. This study offers an available approach to efficiently enhance the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline SnSe‐based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano zero-valent manganese (nZVMn) is theoretically expected to exhibit high reducibility and adsorption capacity, yet its feasibility, performance, and mechanism for reducing and adsorbing hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) from wastewater remain unclear. In this study, nZVMn was prepared via borohydride reduction, and its behaviors about reduction and adsorption of U(VI), as well as the underlying mechanism, were investigated. Results indicated that nZVMn exhibited a maximum U(VI) adsorption capacity of 625.3 mg/g at a pH of 6 and an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, and the co-existing ions (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Tl+, Cl−) at studied range had little interference on U(VI) adsorption. Furthermore, nZVMn effectively removed U(VI) from rare-earth ore leachate at a dosage of 1.5 g/L, resulting in a U(VI) concentration of lower than 0.017 mg/L in the effluent. Comparative tests demonstrated the superiority of nZVMn over other manganese oxides (Mn 2 O 3 and Mn 3 O 4). Characterization analyses, including X-ray diffraction and depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, combined with density functional theory calculation revealed that the reaction mechanism of U(VI) using nZVMn involved reduction, surface complexation, hydrolysis precipitation, and electrostatic attraction. This study provides a new alternative for efficient removal of U(VI) from wastewater and improves the understanding of the interaction between nZVMn and U(VI). [Display omitted] • Efficient removal of U(VI) by nZVMn: maximum sorption capacity of 625.3 mg/g. • Excellent U(VI) removal in synthetic (99.9%) and real U-bearing wastewater (95.4%). • Rapid removal within 2 h and high resistance to interference by K+, Na+, Mg2+. • Main mechanisms include reduction, precipitation and surface complexation. • Experimental findings are consistent with the results from DFT calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A palladium(II)/monothiadiazole ligand catalytic system and its application in catalyzing the acetoxylation of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes have been developed. With this newly designed monothiadiazole thioether ligand, the reaction showed a broad scope with respect to 1,1-disubstituted olefins, giving the corresponding products in yields of 30–86%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen production from electrocatalytic water splitting has aroused extensive attention in many fields recently. Fabrication of low-cost and high-efficiency electrocatalysts are still an urgent and challenging work. Porphyrins as visible-light photosensitizers have been extensively utilized in visible-light photocatalysts and photoelectronic materials. So, fabrication of novel porphyrin-based complexes will be benefited for high-efficiency hydrogen evolution and photoelectric response. Here a series of zirconium porphyrin-based coordination complexes were successfully fabricated via a facile two-step strategy. Due to the unique long chain-like structure and low charge-transfer resistance, the zirconium porphyrin-based coordination complexes displayed excellent electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction. The ZrTPP-PTA-1 showed a low overpotential of 60 mV at the current density 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 87 mV dec−1 with an ultralow electron transfer resistance of 17.5 Ω. In addition, a quick photocurrent response occurred for these coordination complexes with a visible-light illumination. The photocurrent of the ZrTPP-OA-2 rised up to 2.5 μA under visible-light irradiation. With this pleasant result, these zirconium porphyrin-based coordination complexes have a great potential to become available alternative of current noble electrocatalysts for photoelectric application. • 1D long chain-like porphyrin-based coordination complexes were fabricated. • 1D nanostructure is in favor of photogenerated charges separation and transfer. • The complexes have high-efficiency hydrogen evolution. • The complexes have better photoelectric response. • The complexes have great potential for electrocatalyst and photoelectric material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]