162 results on '"Luigi Pirtoli"'
Search Results
2. PD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint blockade induces immune effector cell modulation in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients: A single-cell flow cytometry approach
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Antonella Fameli, Valerio Nardone, Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi, Giovanna Bianco, Claudia Gandolfo, Bianca Maria Oliva, Marika Monoriti, Rita Emilena Saladino, Antonella Falzea, Caterina Romeo, Natale Daniele Calandruccio, Domenico Azzarello, Rocco Giannicola, Luigi Pirtoli, Antonio Giordano, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Maria Grazia Cusi, Luciano Mutti, Cirino Botta, and Pierpaolo Correale
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immune checkpoint inhibitors ,NSCL ,flow cytometry ,bioinformatics ,NKT ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Peripheral immune-checkpoint blockade with mAbs to programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) (either nivolumab or pembrolizumab) or PD-Ligand-1 (PD-L1) (atezolizumab, durvalumab, or avelumab) alone or in combination with doublet chemotherapy represents an expanding treatment strategy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients. This strategy lays on the capability of these mAbs to rescue tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) inactivated throughout PD-1 binding to PD-L1/2 in the tumor sites. This inhibitory interactive pathway is a physiological mechanism of prevention against dangerous overreactions and autoimmunity in case of prolonged and/or repeated CTL response to the same antigen peptides. Therefore, we have carried out a retrospective bioinformatics analysis by single-cell flow cytometry to evaluate if PD-1/PD-L1-blocking mAbs modulate the expression of specific peripheral immune cell subsets, potentially correlated with autoimmunity triggering in 28 mNSCLC patients. We recorded a treatment-related decline in CD4+ T-cell and B-cell subsets and in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio coupled with an increase in natural killer T (NKT), CD8+PD1+ T cells, and eosinophils. Treatment-related increase in autoantibodies [mainly antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies] as well as the frequency of immune-related adverse events were associated with the deregulation of specific immune subpopulations (e.g., NKT cells). Correlative biological/clinical studies with deep immune monitoring are badly needed for a better characterization of the effects produced by PD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint blockade.
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- 2022
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3. Inflammatory Markers and Procalcitonin Predict the Outcome of Metastatic Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer Patients Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Immune-Checkpoint Blockade
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Valerio Nardone, Rocco Giannicola, Giovanna Bianco, Diana Giannarelli, Paolo Tini, Pierpaolo Pastina, Antonia Consuelo Falzea, Sebastiano Macheda, Michele Caraglia, Amalia Luce, Silvia Zappavigna, Luciano Mutti, Luigi Pirtoli, Antonio Giordano, and Pierpaolo Correale
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bacterial infections ,immune-check point blockade ,programmed cell death ligand-1 ,real-world salvage therapy ,cell death receptor ,prognostic factors of response ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Peripheral-immune-checkpoint blockade (P-ICB) with mAbs to PD-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab) alone or combination with chemotherapy represents a novel active treatment for mNSCLC patients. However, this therapy can be associated to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and high cost. Therefore, finding reliable biomarkers of response and irAEs is strongly encouraged to accurately select patients who may potentially benefit from the immuno-oncological treatment. This is a retrospective multi-institutional analysis performed on ninety-five mNSCLC patients who received real-world salvage therapy with nivolumab or atezolizumab between December 2015 and April 2020. The outcome of these patients in term of PFS and OS was evaluated in comparison with different serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimention Rate (ESR) and Procalcitonin (PCT) by performing Kaplan–Meier and Log-rank test and multivariate analysis. We found that high baseline levels of CRP, ESR, and PCT were strongly predictive of poor outcome (P
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- 2021
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4. Ability of Delta Radiomics to Predict a Complete Pathological Response in Patients with Loco-Regional Rectal Cancer Addressed to Neoadjuvant Chemo-Radiation and Surgery
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Valerio Nardone, Alfonso Reginelli, Roberta Grassi, Giovanna Vacca, Giuliana Giacobbe, Antonio Angrisani, Alfredo Clemente, Ginevra Danti, Pierpaolo Correale, Salvatore Francesco Carbone, Luigi Pirtoli, Lorenzo Bianchi, Angelo Vanzulli, Cesare Guida, Roberto Grassi, and Salvatore Cappabianca
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rectal cancer ,neoadjuvant chemo-radiation ,MRI ,texture analysis ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
We performed a pilot study to evaluate the use of MRI delta texture analysis (D-TA) as a methodological item able to predict the frequency of complete pathological responses and, consequently, the outcome of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer addressed to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (C-RT) and subsequently, to radical surgery. In particular, we carried out a retrospective analysis including 100 patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma who received C-RT and then radical surgery in three different oncological institutions between January 2013 and December 2019. Our experimental design was focused on the evaluation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) at baseline and after C-RT by means of MRI, which was contoured on T2, DWI, and ADC sequences. Multiple texture parameters were extracted by using a LifeX Software, while D-TA was calculated as percentage of variations in the two time points. Both univariate and multivariate analysis (logistic regression) were, therefore, carried out in order to correlate the above-mentioned TA parameters with the frequency of pathological responses in the examined patients’ population focusing on the detection of complete pathological response (pCR, with no viable cancer cells: TRG 1) as main statistical endpoint. ROC curves were performed on three different datasets considering that on the 21 patients, only 21% achieved an actual pCR. In our training dataset series, pCR frequency significantly correlated with ADC GLCM-Entropy only, when univariate and binary logistic analysis were performed (AUC for pCR was 0.87). A confirmative binary logistic regression analysis was then repeated in the two remaining validation datasets (AUC for pCR was 0.92 and 0.88, respectively). Overall, these results support the hypothesis that D-TA may have a significant predictive value in detecting the occurrence of pCR in our patient series. If confirmed in prospective and multicenter trials, these results may have a critical role in the selection of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who may benefit form radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
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- 2022
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5. Crosstalk between MicroRNA and Oxidative Stress in Physiology and Pathology 2.0
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Antonella Fioravanti, Antonio Giordano, Francesco Dotta, and Luigi Pirtoli
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n/a ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs around 22 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression by binding specific sequences within target messenger RNA (mRNA) [...]
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- 2022
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6. GOLFIG Chemo-Immunotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients. A Critical Review on a Long-Lasting Follow-Up
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Michele Caraglia, Pierpaolo Correale, Rocco Giannicola, Nicoletta Staropoli, Cirino Botta, Pierpaolo Pastina, Antonello Nesci, Nadia Caporlingua, Edoardo Francini, Laura Ridolfi, Enrico Mini, Giandomenico Roviello, Domenico Ciliberto, Rita Maria Agostino, Alessandra Strangio, Domenico Azzarello, Valerio Nardone, Antonella Falzea, Salvatore Cappabianca, Marco Bocchetti, Graziella D'Arrigo, Giovanni Tripepi, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Raffaele Addeo, Antonio Giordano, Luigi Pirtoli, Guido Francini, and Pierosandro Tagliaferri
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colorectal cancer ,metastatic ,chemotherapy ,immunotherapy ,GOLFIG ,phase III clinical trial ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background: GOLFIG is a chemo-immunotherapy regimen established in preclinical models that combines gemcitabine + FOLFOX (fluoropyrimidine backbone coupled to oxaliplatin) poly-chemotherapy with low-dose s. c. recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Promising antitumor effects in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients were obtained in previous phase II and III trials. Here we report the results of 15 years of follow-up.Methods: This is a multi-institutional retrospective analysis including 179 mCRC patients receiving GOLFIG regimen between June 2002 and June 2018. Sixty-two of them received the treatment as frontline (enrolled in the GOLFIG-2 phase III trial) and 117 as second/third line (49 enrolled in the GOLFIG-1 phase II trial and 68 as compassionate use). One hundred twelve patients showed a primary left side and 67 a primary right side; K/N-ras mutational status was available in 74 cases, and an activating mutation was detected in 33. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were carried out to relate PFS and OS with different parameters.Results: Overall, we recorded a mean PFS and OS of 15.28 (95% CI: 10.36–20.20) and 24.6 (95% CI: 19.07–30.14) months, respectively, with 14 patients surviving free of progression for 10 years. This regimen, in our updated survey of the GOLFIG-2 trial, confirmed superiority over FOLFOX in terms of PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.58, p = 0.006) with a trend to a longer OS (HR = 0.69, P = 0.06) in the first line. Our analysis also confirmed significant antitumor activity in pre-treated patients, reporting a mean PFS and OS of 12.55 (95% CI: 7.19–17.9) and 20.28 (95% CI: 14.4–26.13) months, respectively. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were recorded in 24% of the cases and were related to a longer survival (HR = 0.36; P = 0.0001). Finally, patients' outcome was not correlated to sex, sidedness, and MT-K/N-ras.Conclusions: The GOLFIG regimen is a reliable underestimated therapeutic option in pre-treated mCRC patients and offers a strong rationale to design further trials.
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- 2019
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7. Distinctive Role of the Systemic Inflammatory Profile in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Younger and Elderly Patients Treated with a PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade: A Real-World Retrospective Multi-Institutional Analysis
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Valerio Nardone, Rocco Giannicola, Diana Giannarelli, Rita Emilena Saladino, Domenico Azzarello, Caterina Romeo, Giovanna Bianco, Maria Rosaria Rizzo, Irene Di Meo, Antonio Nesci, Pierpaolo Pastina, Antonia Consuelo Falzea, Daniele Caracciolo, Alfonso Reginelli, Michele Caraglia, Amalia Luce, Luciano Mutti, Antonio Giordano, Salvatore Cappabianca, Luigi Pirtoli, Vito Barbieri, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, and Pierpaolo Correale
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immune checkpoint blockade ,metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer ,real-world evidence study ,age ,inflammatory markers ,immunotherapy ,Science - Abstract
An immune checkpoint blockade with mAbs to PD-1 and PD-L1 is an expanding therapeutic option for mNSCLC patients. This treatment strategy is based on the use of mAbs able to restore the anti-tumor activity of intratumoral T cells inhibited by PD-1 binding to PD-L1/2 on tumor and inflammatory cells. It has been speculated that a chronic status of systemic inflammation as well as the immunosenescence physiologically occurring in elderly patients may affect the efficacy of the treatment and the occurrence of irAEs. We performed a multi-institutional retrospective study aimed at evaluating the effects of these mAbs (nivolumab or atezolizumab) in 117 mNSCLC patients younger (90 cases) and older (27 cases) than 75 years in correlation with multiple inflammatory parameters (NLR, CRP, ESR, LDH and PCT). No differences were observed when the cohorts were compared in terms of the frequency of PFS, OS, inflammatory markers and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Similarly, the occurrence of irAEs was strictly correlated with a prolonged OS survival in both groups. On the contrary, a negative correlation between the high baseline levels of inflammatory markers and OS could be demonstrated in the younger cohort only. Overall, PD-1/PD-L1-blocking mAbs were equally effective in young and elderly mNSCLC patients; however, the detrimental influence of a systemic inflammation at the baseline was only observed in young patients, suggesting different aging-related inflammation immunoregulative effects.
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- 2021
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8. CDK4, CDK6/cyclin-D1 Complex Inhibition and Radiotherapy for Cancer Control: A Role for Autophagy
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Valerio Nardone, Marcella Barbarino, Antonio Angrisani, Pierpaolo Correale, Pierpaolo Pastina, Salvatore Cappabianca, Alfonso Reginelli, Luciano Mutti, Clelia Miracco, Rocco Giannicola, Antonio Giordano, and Luigi Pirtoli
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cyclin inhibitors ,radiotherapy ,autophagy ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The expanding clinical application of CDK4- and CDK6-inhibiting drugs in the managements of breast cancer has raised a great interest in testing these drugs in other neoplasms. The potential of combining these drugs with other therapeutic approaches seems to be an interesting work-ground to explore. Even though a potential integration of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors with radiotherapy (RT) has been hypothesized, this kind of approach has not been sufficiently pursued, neither in preclinical nor in clinical studies. Similarly, the most recent discoveries focusing on autophagy, as a possible target pathway able to enhance the antitumor efficacy of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors is promising but needs more investigations. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent literature on the field in order to infer a rational combination strategy including cyclin-D1/CDK4-CDK6 inhibitors, RT, and/or other anticancer agents targeting G1-S phase cell cycle transition.
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- 2021
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9. Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging Texture Analysis Predicts Early Progression in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
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Valerio Nardone, Alfonso Reginelli, Fernando Scala, Salvatore Francesco Carbone, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Lucio Sebaste, Tommaso Carfagno, Giuseppe Battaglia, Pierpaolo Pastina, Pierpaolo Correale, Paolo Tini, Gianluca Pellino, Salvatore Cappabianca, and Luigi Pirtoli
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Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Background. We hypothesized that texture analysis (TA) from the preoperative MRI can predict early disease progression (ePD), defined as the percentage of patients who relapsed or showed distant metastasis within three months from the radical surgery, in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC, stage II and III, AJCC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (C-RT). Methods. This retrospective monoinstitutional cohort study included 49 consecutive patients in total with a newly diagnosed rectal cancer. All the patients underwent baseline abdominal MRI and CT scan of the chest and abdomen to exclude distant metastasis before C-RT. Texture parameters were extracted from MRI performed before C-RT (T1, DWI, and ADC sequences) using LifeX Software, a dedicated software for extracting texture parameters from radiological imaging. We divided the cohort in a training set of 34 patients and a validation set of 15 patients, and we tested the data sets for homogeneity, considering the clinical variables. Then we performed univariate and multivariate analysis, and a ROC curve was also generated. Results. Thirteen patients (26.5%) showed an ePD, three of whom with lung metastases and ten with liver relapse. The model was validated based on the prediction accuracy calculated in a previously unseen set of 15 patients. The prediction accuracy of the generated model was 82% (AUC=0.853) in the training and 80% (AUC=0.833) in the validation cohort. The only significant features at multivariate analysis was DWI GLCM Correlation (OR: 0.239, p
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- 2019
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10. How to Increase the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in NSCLC and HNSCC: Role of Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Other Strategies
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Valerio Nardone, Pierpaolo Pastina, Rocco Giannicola, Rita Agostino, Stefania Croci, Paolo Tini, Luigi Pirtoli, Antonio Giordano, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, and Pierpaolo Correale
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NSCLC ,radiation therapy ,immunotherapy ,HNSCC ,chemotherapy ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Published
- 2018
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11. Aromatase Inhibitors—Induced Musculoskeletal Disorders: Current Knowledge on Clinical and Molecular Aspects
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Sara Tenti, Pierpaolo Correale, Sara Cheleschi, Antonella Fioravanti, and Luigi Pirtoli
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aromatase inhibitors ,breast cancer ,aromatase inhibitors-associated arthralgia ,autoimmune rheumatic diseases ,musculoskeletal disorders ,hormonal anti-estrogen therapy ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have radically changed the prognosis of hormone receptor positive breast cancer (BC) in post-menopausal women, and are a mainstay of the adjuvant therapy for BC after surgery in place of, or following, Tamoxifen. However, AIs aren’t side effect-free; frequent adverse events involve the musculoskeletal system, in the form of bone loss, AI-associated arthralgia (AIA) syndrome and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this narrative review, we reported the main clinical features of these three detrimental conditions, their influence on therapy adherence, the possible underlying molecular mechanisms and the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The best-known form is the AIs-induced osteoporosis, whose molecular pathway and therapeutic possibilities were extensively investigated in the last decade. AIA syndrome is a high prevalent joint pain disorder which often determines a premature discontinuation of the therapy. Several points still need to be clarified, as a universally accepted diagnostic definition, the pathogenetic mechanisms and satisfactory management strategies. The association of AIs therapy with autoimmune diseases is of the utmost interest. The related literature has been recently expanded, but many issues remain to be explored, the first being the molecular mechanisms.
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- 2020
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12. HLA Expression Correlates to the Risk of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pneumonitis
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Pierpaolo Correale, Rita Emilena Saladino, Diana Giannarelli, Andrea Sergi, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Giovanna Bianco, Rocco Giannicola, Eleonora Iuliano, Iris Maria Forte, Natale Daniele Calandruccio, Antonia Consuelo Falzea, Alessandra Strangio, Valerio Nardone, Pierpaolo Pastina, Paolo Tini, Amalia Luce, Michele Caraglia, Daniele Caracciolo, Luciano Mutti, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Luigi Pirtoli, Antonio Giordano, and Pierosandro Tagliaferri
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cancer immunotherapy ,PD-1/PD-L1 blockade ,irAEs ,immune-related pneumonitis ,HLA-profile ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating T cell rescue by programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint blockade is a recommended treatment for malignant diseases, including metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), malignant melanoma (MM), head and neck, kidney, and urothelial cancer. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against either PD-1 or PD-L1 are active agents for these patients; however, their use may be complicated by unpredictable immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including immune-related pneumonitis (IRP). We carried out a retrospective multi-institutional statistical analysis to investigate clinical and biological parameters correlated with IRP rate on a cohort of 256 patients who received real-world treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 blocking mAbs. An independent radiological review board detected IRP in 29 patients. We did not find statistical IRP rate correlation with gender, tumor type, specific PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking mAbs, radiation therapy, inflammatory profile, or different irAEs. A higher IRP risk was detected only in mNSCLC patients who received metronomic chemotherapy +/− bevacizumab compared with other treatments prior PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Moreover, we detected a strong correlation among the IRP rate and germinal expression of HLA-B*35 and DRB1*11, alleles associated to autoimmune diseases. Our findings may have relevant implications in predicting the IRP rate in mNSCLC patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and need to be validated on a larger patient series.
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- 2020
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13. Crosstalk between MicroRNA and Oxidative Stress in Physiology and Pathology
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Antonella Fioravanti, Luigi Pirtoli, Antonio Giordano, and Francesco Dotta
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n/a ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA), are short regulatory RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding specific sequences within target messenger RNA (mRNA) [...]
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- 2020
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14. Low expression of Ki-67/MIB-1 labeling index in IDH wild type glioblastoma predicts prolonged survival independently by MGMT methylation status
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Paolo Tini, Mariya Yavoroska, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Clelia Miracco, Luigi Pirtoli, Miriam Tomaciello, Francesco Marampon, and Giuseppe Minniti
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Cancer Research ,Neurology ,Oncology ,Ki-67 ,Neurology (clinical) ,Glioblastoma ,IDH wild-type ,MIB-1 - Abstract
Purpose The Ki-67/MIB-1 labeling index (LI) is clinically used to differentiate between high and low-grade gliomas, while its prognostic value remains questionable. Glioblastoma (GBM) expressing wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase IDHwt, a relatively common malignant brain tumor in adults, is characterized by a dismal prognosis. Herein, we have retrospectively investigated the prognostic role of Ki-67/MIB-1-LI in a large group of IDHwt GBM. Methods One hundred nineteen IDHwt GBM patients treated with surgery followed by Stupp’s protocol in our Institution between January 2016 and December 2021 were selected. A cut-off value for Ki-67/MIB-1-LI was used with minimal p-value based approach. Results A multivariate analysis showed that Ki-67/MIB-1-LI expression 6-methylguanine (O6-MeG)-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation status. Conclusions Among other studies focused on Ki-67/MIB-1-LI, this is the first observational study showing a positive correlation between OS of IDHwt GBM patients and Ki-67/MIB-1-LI that we propose as a new predictive marker in this subtype of GBM.
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- 2023
15. Integrating stereotactic radiotherapy and systemic therapies
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Isabella, Palumbo, Francesco, Pasqualetti, Durim, Delishaj, Alessandra, Gonnelli, Cynthia, Aristei, Simona, Borghesi, Luigi, Pirtoli, Liliana, Belgioia, and Stefano, Arcangeli
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Immune system modulating drugs ,Oligometastasis ,Targeted therapies ,Oncology ,Stereotactic radiotherapy ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Immunotherapy ,Radiosurgery - Abstract
This paper focuses on stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT ) interactions with targeted therapies and immune system modulating agents because SRT inevitably interacts with them in the treatment of oligometastatic patients. Radiation oncologists need to be aware of the advantages and risks of these interactions which can, on one hand, enhance the effect of therapy or, on the other, potentiate reciprocal toxicities. To date, few prospective studies have evaluated the interactions of SRT with new-generation drugs and data are mainly based on retrospective experiences, which are often related to small sample sizes.
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- 2022
16. The role of brain radiotherapy for EGFR- and ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a review
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Valerio Nardone, Caterina Romeo, Emma D’Ippolito, Pierpaolo Pastina, Maria D’Apolito, Luigi Pirtoli, Michele Caraglia, Luciano Mutti, Giovanna Bianco, Antonella Consuelo Falzea, Rocco Giannicola, Antonio Giordano, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Claudia Vinciguerra, Isacco Desideri, Mauro Loi, Alfonso Reginelli, Salvatore Cappabianca, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Pierpaolo Correale, Nardone, V., Romeo, C., D'Ippolito, E., Pastina, P., D'Apolito, M., Pirtoli, L., Caraglia, M., Mutti, L., Bianco, G., Falzea, A. C., Giannicola, R., Giordano, A., Tagliaferri, P., Vinciguerra, C., Desideri, I., Loi, M., Reginelli, A., Cappabianca, S., Tassone, P., and Correale, P.
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ALK inhibitors ,Central nervous system (CNS) ,Radiotherapy ,ALK rearrangement ,Brain metastases (BM) ,EGFR driver mutation ,Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ,Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine ,ALK inhibitor - Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is frequently complicated by central nervous system (CNS) metastases affecting patients’ life expectancy and quality. At the present clinical trials including neurosurgery, radiotherapy (RT) and systemic treatments alone or in combination have provided controversial results. CNS involvement is even more frequent in NSCLC patients with EGFR activating mutations or ALK rearrangement suggesting a role of target therapy in the upfront treatment in place of loco-regionals treatments (i.e. RT and/or surgery). So far clinical research has not explored the potential role of accurate brain imaging (i.e. MRI instead of the routine total-body contrast CT and/or PET/CT staging) to identify patients that could benefit of local therapies. Moreover, for patients who require concomitant RT there are no clear guidelines on the timing of intervention with respect to innovative precision medicine approaches with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, ALK-inhibitors and/or immuno-oncological therapies. On this basis the present review describes the therapeutic strategies integrating medical and radiation oncology in patients with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC) adenocarcinoma with CNS involvement and EGFR activating mutations or ALK rearrangement.
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- 2023
17. Post-operative management of brain metastases: GRADE-based clinical practice recommendations on behalf of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO)
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Michela Buglione, Damiano Balestrini, Stefano Arcangeli, Rolando M D ' Angelillo, Luigi Pirtoli, Stefano Maria Magrini, Silvia Scoccianti, Pierpaolo Panciani, Giovanni L. Pappagallo, Chiara Reverberi, Marco Krengli, Piera Navarria, Stefania Volpe, Lorenzo Bordi, Reverberi, C, Volpe, S, Balestrini, D, Buglione, M, Navarria, P, Scoccianti, S, Panciani, P, Krengli, M, Pirtoli, L, Bordi, L, Pappagallo, G, Angelillo, R, Magrini, S, and Arcangeli, S
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radiosurgery ,Adjuvant radiotherapy ,Brain metastasectomy ,GRADE guidelines ,Stereotactic radiosurgery ,Whole brain radiotherapy ,Brain Neoplasms ,Cranial Irradiation ,Humans ,Postoperative Care ,Radiotherapy ,Adjuvant ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Retrospective Studies ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Evidence-based medicine ,030104 developmental biology ,Systematic review ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Relative risk ,Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ,Metastasectomy ,business ,GRADE guideline - Abstract
Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the current level of evidence on post-operative management following brain metastasectomy (namely: adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery, whole brain radiotherapy or observation), and to propose a GRADE-based dedicated recommendation to inform Radiation Oncologists’ clinical practice. Methods: A panel of expert Radiation Oncologists from the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology had defined the search question per the PICO methodology. Electronic databases were independently screened; the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was adopted. The individual and pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI), as well as the pooled risk ratio (RR) were calculated using a fixed- or random-effects model. Results: Eight full-texts were retrieved: six retrospective studies and two randomized clinical trials. Outcomes of benefit and damage were analyzed for SRS + observation (PICO A) and SRS + WBRT. SRS allowed for increased rates of local control when compared to both observation and WBRT, while evidence was less conclusive for distant brain control, leptomeningeal disease control and overall survival. In the SRS, the incidence of severe radionecrosis was higher as compared to WBRT, despite neurocognitive deterioration rates were lower. Overall, SRS seems to favorably compare with observation and whole brain RT, despite the level of evidence for the recommendation was low and very low, respectively. Conclusion: Despite low level of evidence, the panel concluded that the risk/benefit ratio probably favors adjuvant SRS as compared to the observation and whole brain RT as adjuvant treatments following brain metastasectomy (5 votes/5 participants, 100% attendance).
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- 2021
18. Comparing Addition of Radiotherapy in EGFR- and ALK-Positive NSCLC With Brain Metastases: Are We Evaluating the Optimal End Point?
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Valerio Nardone, Pierpaolo Correale, Luciano Mutti, Isacco Desideri, Caterina Romeo, Pierpaolo Pastina, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Michele Caraglia, Alfonso Reginelli, Luigi Pirtoli, Salvatore Cappabianca, Nardone, Valerio, Correale, Pierpaolo, Mutti, Luciano, Desideri, Isacco, Romeo, Caterina, Pastina, Pierpaolo, Tagliaferri, Pierosandro, Caraglia, Michele, Reginelli, Alfonso, Pirtoli, Luigi, and Cappabianca, Salvatore
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Oncology - Published
- 2022
19. PRMT5 silencing selectively affects MTAP ‐deleted mesothelioma: In vitro evidence of a novel promising approach
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Antonio Giordano, Pasquale Somma, Mariacarolina Micheli, Raffaella Guazzo, Piero Paladini, Cristiana Bellan, Fabrizio Proietti, Asadoor Namagerdi, Maria Margherita De Santi, Franca Maria Bertolino, Luca Luzzi, Luciano Mutti, Paola Indovina, Luigi Pirtoli, Maria Bottaro, Marcella Barbarino, and Daniele Cesari
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Mesothelioma ,0301 basic medicine ,Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,CDKN2A ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Humans ,E2F1 ,Gene silencing ,Gene Silencing ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ,MTAP ,PRMT5 ,Kinase ,Chemistry ,Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 ,Original Articles ,Cell Biology ,Immunohistochemistry ,In vitro ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,030104 developmental biology ,Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase ,Cell culture ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Original Article ,Gene Deletion ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive asbestos‐related cancer of the serous membranes. Despite intensive treatment regimens, MM is still a fatal disease, mainly due to the intrinsic resistance to current therapies and the lack of predictive markers and new valuable molecular targets. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibition has recently emerged as a potential therapy against methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP)‐deficient cancers, in which the accumulation of the substrate 5'‐methylthioadenosine (MTA) inhibits PRMT5 activity, thus sensitizing the cells to further PRMT5 inhibition. Considering that the MTAP gene is frequently codeleted with the adjacent cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) locus in MM, we assessed whether PRMT5 could represent a therapeutic target also for this cancer type. We evaluated PRMT5 expression, the MTAP status and MTA content in normal mesothelial and MM cell lines. We found that both administration of exogenous MTA and stable PRMT5 knock‐down, by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), selectively reduced the growth of MTAP‐deleted MM cells. We also observed that PRMT5 knock‐down in MTAP‐deficient MM cells reduced the expression of E2F1 target genes involved in cell cycle progression and of factors implicated in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Therefore, PRMT5 targeting could represent a promising new therapeutic strategy against MTAP‐deleted MMs.
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- 2020
20. Could PD-1/PDL1 immune checkpoints be linked to HLA signature?
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Valerio Nardone, Rita Emilena Saladino, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Rita Agostino, Luigi Pirtoli, Rocco Giannicola, Ciro Botta, Michele Caraglia, Pierpaolo Correale, Correale P., Saladino R.E., Nardone V., Giannicola R., Agostino R., Pirtoli L., Caraglia M., Botta C., Tagliaferri P., Correale, P., Saladino, R. E., Nardone, V., Giannicola, R., Agostino, R., Pirtoli, L., Caraglia, M., Botta, C., and Tagliaferri, P.
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Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ,Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ,Immunology ,Antibodies, Monoclon al ,Human leukocyte antigen ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Immune system ,HLA Antigens ,irAE ,Neoplasms ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,PD-1/PDL-1-blockade ,business.industry ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Biomarker ,Signature (logic) ,Haplotypes ,Oncology ,outcome ,Immunotherapy ,HLA allele ,Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reaction ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
The outstanding clinical expansion of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and PD-1 ligand-1 (PDL-1) (atezolizumab, avelumab and durvalumab) has received an increasing level of interest regarding immunotherapy and multidrug combinations, for the treatment of a number of common human malignancies. Some patients treated with these agents receive remarkable benefits in term of quality of life, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). However, a significant percentage of these patients experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs), while others present with an ultra-rapid disease progression, defined as hyperprogression. Research in to the mechanisms related to these events is an active field of investigation worldwide, whose results are expected to provide new insights to design new combinations, to identify potentially responsive patients and to prevent irAEs’ occurrence
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- 2019
21. Distinctive Role of the Systemic Inflammatory Profile in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Younger and Elderly Patients Treated with a PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade: A Real-World Retrospective Multi-Institutional Analysis
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Domenico Azzarello, Antonio Nesci, Valerio Nardone, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Diana Giannarelli, Amalia Luce, Luciano Mutti, Irene Di Meo, Alfonso Reginelli, Rocco Giannicola, Rita Emilena Saladino, Luigi Pirtoli, Daniele Caracciolo, Vito Barbieri, Maria Rosaria Rizzo, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, P. Correale, Pierpaolo Pastina, Giovanna Bianco, Caterina Romeo, Michele Caraglia, Salvatore Cappabianca, Antonio Giordano, Antonia Consuelo Falzea, Nardone, V., Giannicola, R., Giannarelli, D., Saladino, R. E., Azzarello, D., Romeo, C., Bianco, G., Rizzo, M. R., Di Meo, I., Nesci, A., Pastina, P., Falzea, A. C., Caracciolo, D., Reginelli, A., Caraglia, M., Luce, A., Mutti, L., Giordano, A., Cappabianca, S., Pirtoli, L., Barbieri, V., Tassone, P., Tagliaferri, P., and Correale, P.
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Science ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Inflammation ,Systemic inflammation ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,real-world evidence study ,Atezolizumab ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Lung cancer ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,immunosenescence ,business.industry ,metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer ,Paleontology ,Immunotherapy ,Immunosenescence ,immune checkpoint blockade ,medicine.disease ,inflammatory markers ,Immune checkpoint ,age ,Space and Planetary Science ,Inflammatory marker ,immunotherapy ,Nivolumab ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
An immune checkpoint blockade with mAbs to PD-1 and PD-L1 is an expanding therapeutic option for mNSCLC patients. This treatment strategy is based on the use of mAbs able to restore the anti-tumor activity of intratumoral T cells inhibited by PD-1 binding to PD-L1/2 on tumor and inflammatory cells. It has been speculated that a chronic status of systemic inflammation as well as the immunosenescence physiologically occurring in elderly patients may affect the efficacy of the treatment and the occurrence of irAEs. We performed a multi-institutional retrospective study aimed at evaluating the effects of these mAbs (nivolumab or atezolizumab) in 117 mNSCLC patients younger (90 cases) and older (27 cases) than 75 years in correlation with multiple inflammatory parameters (NLR, CRP, ESR, LDH and PCT). No differences were observed when the cohorts were compared in terms of the frequency of PFS, OS, inflammatory markers and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Similarly, the occurrence of irAEs was strictly correlated with a prolonged OS survival in both groups. On the contrary, a negative correlation between the high baseline levels of inflammatory markers and OS could be demonstrated in the younger cohort only. Overall, PD-1/PD-L1-blocking mAbs were equally effective in young and elderly mNSCLC patients, however, the detrimental influence of a systemic inflammation at the baseline was only observed in young patients, suggesting different aging-related inflammation immunoregulative effects.
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- 2021
22. CDK4, CDK6/cyclin‐d1 complex inhibition and radiotherapy for cancer control: a role for autophagy
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Antonio Angrisani, Salvatore Cappabianca, Pierpaolo Pastina, Rocco Giannicola, Marcella Barbarino, Luciano Mutti, Pierpaolo Correale, Antonio Giordano, Clelia Miracco, Valerio Nardone, Alfonso Reginelli, Luigi Pirtoli, Nardone, V., Barbarino, M., Angrisani, A., Correale, P., Pastina, P., Cappabianca, S., Reginelli, A., Mutti, L., Miracco, C., Giannicola, R., Giordano, A., and Pirtoli, L.
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Phase cell ,QH301-705.5 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Review ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Antineoplastic Agent ,Cyclin D1 ,Breast cancer ,Cancer control ,Neoplasms ,Combination strategy ,medicine ,Autophagy ,Animals ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Biology (General) ,Molecular Biology ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,QD1-999 ,Spectroscopy ,biology ,Radiotherapy ,business.industry ,Animal ,Cyclin inhibitor ,Organic Chemistry ,Cell Cycle ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ,General Medicine ,Chemoradiotherapy ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 ,medicine.disease ,Cyclin inhibitors ,Computer Science Applications ,Radiation therapy ,Chemistry ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Neoplasm ,Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 ,business ,Human - Abstract
The expanding clinical application of CDK4- and CDK6-inhibiting drugs in the managements of breast cancer has raised a great interest in testing these drugs in other neoplasms. The potential of combining these drugs with other therapeutic approaches seems to be an interesting work-ground to explore. Even though a potential integration of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors with radiotherapy (RT) has been hypothesized, this kind of approach has not been sufficiently pursued, neither in preclinical nor in clinical studies. Similarly, the most recent discoveries focusing on autophagy, as a possible target pathway able to enhance the antitumor efficacy of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors is promising but needs more investigations. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent literature on the field in order to infer a rational combination strategy including cyclin-D1/CDK4-CDK6 inhibitors, RT, and/or other anticancer agents targeting G1-S phase cell cycle transition.
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- 2021
23. On the way of the new strategies aimed to improve the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blocking mAbs in small cell lung cancer
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Salvatore Cappabianca, Amalia Luce, Rocco Giannicola, Rita Emilena Saladino, Marianna Scrima, Michele Caraglia, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Pierpaolo Correale, Luigi Pirtoli, Valerio Nardone, Correale, P., Giannicola, R., Saladino, R. E., Nardone, V., Pirtoli, L., Tassone, P., Luce, A., Cappabianca, S., Scrima, M., Tagliaferri, P., and Caraglia, M.
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biology ,business.industry ,Blocking (radio) ,medicine.disease ,Immune checkpoint ,Editorial ,Text mining ,Oncology ,PD-L1 ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,Original Article ,Non small cell ,business ,Lung cancer - Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to characterize programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density, and their impact on survival in patients with surgically resected small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS: Fifty-six patients with surgically resected SCLC were included. PD-L1 protein expression and CD8(+) TILs were tested by immunohistochemistry. A meta-analysis of 15 articles with 1,505 patients that investigated the prevalence and prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in SCLC was conducted. RESULTS: Twenty-two (39.3%) patients had positive PD-L1 protein expression and 42 (75.0%) had high CD8(+) TILs density. PD-L1 expression level was not associated with CD8(+) TILs density (P=0.528). No any association between clinicopathological features and PD-L1 expression level or CD8(+) TILs density was observed. Positive PD-L1 expression [hazard ratio (HR) =0.374, P=0.002] and high CD8(+) TILs density (HR =0.429, P=0.008) were independently associated with significantly longer overall survival (OS), which remain the statistical significance in multivariate analyses (P=0.007, P=0.002; respectively). Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of positive PD-L1 expression was 0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22–0.48] and positive PD-L1 expression was correlated with markedly longer OS (HR =0.61; 95% CI, 0.31–0.91) in patients with SCLC. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PD-L1 expression in surgically resected SCLC is lower than that published for NSCLC. There was no association between PD-L1 expression or CD8(+) TILs density and clinicopathological parameters. PD-L1 expression and CD8(+) TILs density was independently correlated with better outcome in patients with SCLC.
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- 2020
24. HLA Expression Correlates to the Risk of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pneumonitis
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Antonia Consuelo Falzea, Amalia Luce, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Giovanna Bianco, Rocco Giannicola, Eleonora Iuliano, Iris Maria Forte, Daniele Caracciolo, Luigi Pirtoli, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Alessandra Strangio, Michele Caraglia, Rita Emilena Saladino, Paolo Tini, Pierpaolo Pastina, Antonio Giordano, Pierpaolo Correale, Andrea Sergi, Valerio Nardone, Diana Giannarelli, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Natale Daniele Calandruccio, Luciano Mutti, Correale, P., Saladino, R. E., Giannarelli, D., Sergi, A., Mazzei, M. A., Bianco, G., Giannicola, R., Iuliano, E., Forte, I. M., Calandruccio, N. D., Falzea, A. C., Strangio, A., Nardone, V., Pastina, P., Tini, P., Luce, A., Caraglia, M., Caracciolo, D., Mutti, L., Tassone, P., Pirtoli, L., Giordano, A., and Tagliaferri, P.
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bevacizumab ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Genes, MHC Class I ,immune-related pneumoniti ,immune-related pneumonitis ,Article ,PD-1/PD-L1 blockade ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Internal medicine ,irAE ,medicine ,Humans ,Lung cancer ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ,Pneumonitis ,Retrospective Studies ,cancer immunotherapy ,business.industry ,Melanoma ,HLA-profile ,General Medicine ,Pneumonia ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Immune checkpoint ,Blockade ,Radiation therapy ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,irAEs ,Female ,Immunotherapy ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating T cell rescue by programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint blockade is a recommended treatment for malignant diseases, including metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), malignant melanoma (MM), head and neck, kidney, and urothelial cancer. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against either PD-1 or PD-L1 are active agents for these patients, however, their use may be complicated by unpredictable immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including immune-related pneumonitis (IRP). We carried out a retrospective multi-institutional statistical analysis to investigate clinical and biological parameters correlated with IRP rate on a cohort of 256 patients who received real-world treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 blocking mAbs. An independent radiological review board detected IRP in 29 patients. We did not find statistical IRP rate correlation with gender, tumor type, specific PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking mAbs, radiation therapy, inflammatory profile, or different irAEs. A higher IRP risk was detected only in mNSCLC patients who received metronomic chemotherapy +/&minus, bevacizumab compared with other treatments prior PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Moreover, we detected a strong correlation among the IRP rate and germinal expression of HLA-B*35 and DRB1*11, alleles associated to autoimmune diseases. Our findings may have relevant implications in predicting the IRP rate in mNSCLC patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and need to be validated on a larger patient series.
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- 2020
25. Delta-radiomics increases multicentre reproducibility: a phantom study
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Roberta Grassi, Salvatore Cappabianca, M. Mormile, Alfonso Reginelli, Fabrizio Banci Buonamici, Paolo Tini, Cesare Guida, Pierpaolo Correale, Roberto Grassi, Marco Spadafora, Eugenio Di Giorgio, M. Biondi, Maria Paola Belfiore, Valerio Nardone, Luigi Pirtoli, Nardone, V., Reginelli, A., Guida, C., Belfiore, M. P., Biondi, M., Mormile, M., Banci Buonamici, F., Di Giorgio, E., Spadafora, M., Tini, P., Grassi, R., Pirtoli, L., Correale, P., and Cappabianca, S.
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Cancer Research ,Imaging phantom ,Imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Robustness (computer science) ,Neoplasms ,Histogram ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Medical imaging ,Humans ,Segmentation ,Reliability (statistics) ,Mathematics ,Reproducibility ,Phantoms, Imaging ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Pattern recognition ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,Prognosis ,Treatment Outcome ,Texture analysis ,Oncology ,Feature (computer vision) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Calibration ,Artificial intelligence ,Lung cancer ,Radiomic ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business - Abstract
Texture analysis (TA) can provide quantitative features from medical imaging that can be correlated to clinical endpoints. The challenges relevant to robustness of radiomics features have been analyzed by many researchers, as it seems to be influenced by acquisition and reconstruction protocols. Delta-texture analysis (D-TA), conversely, consist in the analysis of TA feature variations at different acquisition times, usually before and after a therapy. Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different CT scanners and acquisition parameters in the robustness of TA and D-TA. We scanned a commercial phantom (CIRS model 467, Gammex, Middleton, WI, USA), that is used for the calibration of electron density, two times by varying the disposition of plugs, using three different scanners. After the segmentation, we extracted TA features with LifeX and calculated TA features and D-TA features, defined as the variation of each TA parameters extracted from the same position by varying the plugs with the formula (Y–X)/X. The robustness of TA and D-TA features were then tested with intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) analysis. The reliability of TA parameters across different scans, with different acquisition parameters and ROI positions has shown poor reliability in 12/37 and moderate reliability in the remaining 25/37, with no parameters showing good reliability. The reliability of D-TA, conversely, showed poor reliability in 10/37 parameters, moderate reliability in 10/37 parameters, and good reliability in 17/37 parameters. The comparison between TA and D-TA ICCs showed a significant difference for the whole group of parameters (p:0.004) and for the subclasses of GLCM parameters (p:0.033), whereas for the other subclasses of matrices (GLRLM, NGLDM, GLZLM, Histogram), the difference was not significant. D-TA features seem to be more robust than TA features. These findings reinforce the potentiality for using D-TA features for early assessment of treatment response and for developing tailored therapies. More work is needed in a clinical setting to confirm the results of the present study.
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- 2020
26. Radiomics predicts survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer undergoing PD-1 blockade using Nivolumab
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Pierpaolo Pastina, Pierpaolo Correale, Rocco Giannicola, Cesare Guida, Amalia Luce, Aldo Giudice, Carmela Tebala, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Salvatore Cappabianca, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Grazia Calabrese, Valerio Nardone, Vito Barbieri, Luigi Pirtoli, Salvatore Francesco Carbone, Michele Caraglia, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Alfonso Reginelli, Paolo Tini, Rosanna Capasso, Cirino Botta, Nardone V., Tini P., Pastina P., Botta C., Reginelli A., Carbone S.F., Giannicola R., Calabrese G., Tebala C., Guida C., Giudice A., Barbieri V., Tassone P., Tagliaferri P., Cappabianca S., Capasso R., Luce A., Caraglia M., Mazzei M.A., Pirtoli L., Correale P., Nardone, V., Tini, P., Pastina, P., Botta, C., Reginelli, A., Carbone, S. F., Giannicola, R., Calabrese, G., Tebala, C., Guida, C., Giudice, A., Barbieri, V., Tassone, P., Tagliaferri, P., Cappabianca, S., Capasso, R., Luce, A., Caraglia, M., Mazzei, M. A., Pirtoli, L., and Correale, P.
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Survival ,Immunology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Non-small cell lung cancer ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Progression-free survival ,Lung cancer ,Pathological ,Programmed cell death protein 1 ,business.industry ,Melanoma ,Retrospective cohort study ,Articles ,medicine.disease ,Blockade ,030104 developmental biology ,Nivolumab ,Texture analysis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Radiomic ,business ,Kidney cancer - Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is an emerging anticancer strategy, and Nivolumab is a human mAb to PD-1 that is used in the treatment of a number of different malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), kidney cancer, urothelial carcinoma and melanoma. Although the use of Nivolumab prolongs survival in a number of patients, this treatment is hampered by high cost. Therefore, the identification of predictive markers of response to treatment in patients is required. In this context, PD-1/PDL1 blockade antitumor effects occur through the reactivation of a pre-existing immune response, and the efficacy of these effects is strictly associated with the presence of necrosis, hypoxia and inflammation at the tumour sites. It has been indicated that these events can be evaluated by specific assessments using a computed tomography (CT) texture analysis (TA) or radiomics. Therefore, a retrospective study was performed, which aimed to evaluate the potential use of this analysis in the identification of patients with NSCLC who may benefit from Nivolumab treatment. A retrospective analysis was performed of 59 patients with metastatic NSCLC who received Nivolumab treatment between January 2015 and July 2017 at Siena University Hospital (35 patients, training dataset), Catanzaro University Hospital and Reggio Calabria Grand Metropolitan Hospital, Italy (24 patients, validation dataset). Pre- and post-contrast CT sequences were used to contour the gross tumour volume (GTV) of the target lesions prior to Nivolumab treatment. The impact of variations on contouring was analysed using two delineations, which were performed on each patient, and the TA parameters were tested for reliability using the Intraclass Coefficient Correlation method (ICC). All analyses for the current study were performed using LifeX Software©. Imaging, clinical and pathological parameters were correlated with progression free survival and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan Meier analysis. An external validation testing was performed for the TA Score using the validation dataset. A total of 59 patients were included in the analysis of the present study. The reliability ICC analysis of 14 TA parameters indicated a highly reproducibility (ICC >0.70, single measure) in 12 (85%) pre- contrast and 13 (93%) post-contrast exams. A specific cut-off was detected for each of the following parameters: volume (score 1 >36 ml), histogram entropy (score 1 > 1.30), compacity (score 1 1.80), GLCM-Dissimilarity (score 1 >5) and GLCM-Correlation (score 11; 23 patients; 39%) that respectively, showed a median OS of 26 (mean +/- SD: 18 +/- 1.98 months; 95% CI 14-21 months) and 5 months (mean +/- SD: 6 +/- 0.99 months; 95% CI: 4-8 months; P=0.002). The current study indicated that TA parameters can identify patients that will benefit from PD-1 blockage by defining the radiological settings that are potentially suggestive of an active immune response. These results require further confirmation in prospective trials.
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- 2020
27. Crosstalk between MicroRNA and Oxidative Stress in Physiology and Pathology
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Luigi Pirtoli, Francesco Dotta, Antonella Fioravanti, and Antonio Giordano
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Biology ,Catalysis ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,microRNA ,Gene expression ,Translational regulation ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Messenger RNA ,Organic Chemistry ,Autophagy ,General Medicine ,Non-coding RNA ,Long non-coding RNA ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,MicroRNAs ,Oxidative Stress ,Editorial ,n/a ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA), are short regulatory RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding specific sequences within target messenger RNA (mRNA) [...]
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- 2020
28. The effects of radiotherapy on the survival of patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer
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Antonio Giordano, Luigi Pirtoli, Paolo Tini, Pierpaolo Correale, Valerio Nardone, Pierpaolo Pastina, Tini, Paolo, Nardone, Valerio, Pastina, Pierpaolo, Pirtoli, Luigi, Correale, Pierpaolo, and Giordano, Antonio
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,precision medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,immunotherapy ,NSCLC ,radiation therapy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Humans ,Lung cancer ,Neoplasm Staging ,Cancer mortality ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Survival Rate ,Radiation therapy ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Curative surgery ,Non small cell ,business - Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer mortality across the worlds. At present, less than 30% of the patients can undergo curative surgery, while the majority of them (65%) are diagnosed with metastatic disease and directed to systemic treatments. In this context there is a subset of patients (25%) with locally advanced stage disease whose outcome might be improved by using combined strategies of treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Areas covered: Here we reviewed possible combination strategies aimed to improve the outcome of lung cancer patients, focusing on the role of radiotherapy both in the adjuvant and oligo-metastatic setting and in synergy with immunotherapy, and finally, we afforded the new challenges concerning the advanced RT and precision oncology. We carried out a focused analysis concerning the key clinical management weaknesses as well as the potential that current research holds. Expert commentary: We believe that the most promising clinical trials in this specific patient subset will build their rationale on the results of well-designed translational models aimed to test the combination of cytotoxic drugs, radiobiology, and immune-pharmacology. In this context, remarkable investigational fields are focused on the attempt to combine radiotherapy with chemo-immunological strategies and precision medicine protocols.
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- 2018
29. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression Predicts Time and Patterns of Recurrence in Patients with Glioblastoma After Radiotherapy and Temozolomide
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Alfonso Cerase, Clelia Miracco, Paolo Tini, Giuseppe Battaglia, Lucio Sebaste, Luigi Pirtoli, Valerio Nardone, Pierpaolo Pastina, Salvatore Francesco Carbone, and Giovanni Rubino
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Databases, Factual ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,Fisher's exact test ,Aged, 80 and over ,biology ,Brain Neoplasms ,Middle Aged ,Dacarbazine ,ErbB Receptors ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Treatment Outcome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Predictive value of tests ,symbols ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Temozolomide ,medicine ,Humans ,Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Chemotherapy ,Radiotherapy ,business.industry ,Radiation therapy ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Glioblastoma ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background and Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression in predicting the modality of treatment failure in glioblastoma (GB). Methods Patients with unifocal GB undergoing surgery and postoperative radiochemotherapy from February 2008 to July 2015 were included into the study. The EGFR protein expression level was assessed by immunohistochemistry in GB tissues and classified into high and low expression. Time to progression (TTP) and pattern of recurrence (PR) were evaluated. PRs were classified as central, in-field, marginal, or distant recurrences. Results After a median follow-up time of 13 months (range, 6–67 months), 102 patients (79.1%) showed recurrences that were detectable on magnetic resonance imaging. Median TTP was 9 months after the completion of radiochemotherapy. EGFR expression was significantly correlated with TTP (log-rank test, P = 0.003) and PR (Fisher exact test, P = 0.01). The low-EGFR group had a median TTP of 13 months and a prevalence of central/in-field recurrences (accounting to a total 81%). The high-EGFR group had a shorter median TTP (6 months) and a higher rate of marginal/distant recurrences (55.6%). Conclusions Different modality of recurrence related to EGFR expression in patients with GB envisages implication for target contouring of radiotherapy volumes and other therapeutic strategies.
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- 2018
30. Hypofractionated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) plus temozolomide in good prognosis patients with glioblastoma: a multicenter phase II study by the Brain Study Group of the Italian Association of Radiation Oncology (AIRO)
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Riccardo Santoni, Stefano Maria Magrini, Alba Fiorentino, Vincenzo Fusco, Salvino Marzano, Giovanni Rubino, Federico Lonardi, Michela Buglione, Silvia Scoccianti, Marco Krengli, Beatrice Detti, Daniela Greto, Livia Marrazzo, Umberto Ricardi, Luigi Pirtoli, Lorenzo Livi, Laura Masini, F. Migliaccio, and Daniela Doino
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Male ,Oncology ,Intensity modulated radiotherapy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Phases of clinical research ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glioblastoma ,Hypofractionated radiotherapy ,Simultaneous integrated boost ,Temozolomide ,Adult ,Aged ,Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ,Brain Neoplasms ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Dacarbazine ,Female ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Radiation Oncology ,Societies, Medical ,Dose Hypofractionation ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,Medicine ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Alkylating ,Societies ,Medical ,Radiology ,General Medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Radiation Dose Hypofractionation ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Radiation therapy ,Concomitant ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
A multicenter phase II study for assessing the efficacy and the toxicity of hypofractionated radiotherapy with SIB plus temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma was carried out by the Brain Study Group of the Italian Association of Radiation Oncology. Twenty-four patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma belonging to Recursive Partitioning Analysis classes III and IV were enrolled. The prescribed dose was 52.5 Gy in 15 fractions of 3.5 Gy and 67.5 in 15 fractions of 4.5 Gy to the SIB volume. Dose constraints for the hypofractionated schedule were provided. Radiotherapy was associated with concomitant and sequential temozolomide. Median overall survival (OS) was 15.1 months, while median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.6 months. Actuarial OS at 12 months was 65.6% ± 0.09, whereas actuarial PFS at 12 months was 41.2% ± 0.10. Status of methylation of MGMT promoter resulted to be a significant prognostic factor for OS. Radiotherapy-related acute toxicity was not relevant. Three patients (12.5%) had G3 myelotoxicity that required temozolomide temporary interruption or dose reduction during the chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy was not definitely discontinued for toxicity in any case. One patient out of 24 (4.2%) developed radionecrosis that required surgical resection with no evidence of disease in the surgical specimen. This trial confirms that hypofractionated radiotherapy with SIB and association with temozolomide may be a reasonable and feasible option for good prognosis patients with GBM.
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- 2017
31. Perilesional edema in brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as predictor of response to radiosurgery (SRS)
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Giovanni Rubino, Pierpaolo Pastina, Valerio Nardone, Lucio Sebaste, Antonio Federico, Paolo Tini, Giuseppe Battaglia, Claudia Vinciguerra, Salvatore Francesco Carbone, Tommaso Carfagno, Luigi Pirtoli, Alfonso Cerase, Tini, Paolo, Nardone, Valerio, Pastina, Pierpaolo, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Vinciguerra, Claudia, Carfagno, Tommaso, • Giovanni, Rubino, Carbone, SALVATORE FRANCESCO, Sebaste, Lucio, Cerase, Alfonso, Federico, Antonio, and Pirtoli, Luigi
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Male ,Pathology ,Neurology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ,Brain Edema ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,NSCLC ,Single Center ,Severity of Illness Index ,0302 clinical medicine ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Edema ,Aged, 80 and over ,Brain Neoplasms ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Neurosurgery ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,brain oligo-metastase ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiosurgery, SRS, brain oligo-metastases, NSCLC, perilesional edema ,brain oligo-metastases ,perilesional edema ,Dermatology ,Radiosurgery ,Disease-Free Survival ,SRS ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies ,Brain metastasis - Abstract
Radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used in the treatment of brain oligo-metastases from NSCLC. The aim of present study is to evaluate the extent of perilesional edema in brain metastases as predictive factor of treatment response. This single center retrospective study included 42 consecutive patients (January 2011–December 2014) with 1–2 brain metastasis from NSCLC treated with Radiosurgery (SRS). Extent of perilesional edema was measured as maximal extension from the edge of lesion and classified as minor (
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- 2017
32. Subgroup Analysis According to Human Papillomavirus Status and Tumor Site of a Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Cetuximab and Cisplatin Combined With Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
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Luca Triggiani, L. Costa, Fabiola Paiar, Monica Crociani, Stefano Maria Magrini, Renzo Corvò, Marco Stefanacci, Luigi Pirtoli, Silvia Bertocci, Salvatore Grisanti, Michela Buglione, Nadia Pasinetti, Pierluigi Bonomo, S. Tonoli, Paolo Borghetti, Luciana Lastrucci, Stefania Vecchio, Liliana Belgioia, and Marta Maddalo
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OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER ,EXPRESSION ,0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Radiation ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,EGFR ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Subgroup analysis ,CHEMORADIOTHERAPY ,03 medical and health sciences ,SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA ,RADIOTHERAPY ,P16 ,CHEMOTHERAPY ,ASSOCIATION ,P16(INK4A) ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Survival analysis ,Cetuximab ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Head and neck cancer ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Radiation therapy ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Concomitant ,Radiology ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose We report a subgroup analysis primarily focused on human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) from the Cetuximab Plus Radiotherapy Versus Cisplatin Plus Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer (CTXMAB+RT; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01216020 ) trial comparing radiation therapy with concomitant cisplatin (CDDP) versus concomitant cetuximab (CTX) as first-line treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer. Methods and Materials The data from all the patients in the CTXMAB+RT trial were reviewed and separately analyzed in 3 groups: p16-positive OPC, p16-negative OPC, and all other cancer sites. The endpoints of interest were locoregional control (LC), metastasis-free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Severe and fatal infectious complications were also reanalyzed to more thoroughly investigate the association between CTX treatment and potentially life-threatening reactions. Results A total of 33 patients had OPC. The HPV status was available for 30 of the 33 patients. Thus, 3 patients treated with CDDP but with unknown HPV status were excluded from the survival analysis. The small number of patients in each group did not allow for significance to be reached for any of the outcomes analyzed. A trend favored the CDDP arm in the p16-positive group for the 2-year LC and OS/CSS rates (100% vs 72.9% and 100% vs 77.8% for CDDP vs CTX). In this group of patients, the hazard ratio for the treatment arm (CTX vs CDDP) was 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-40.3) for LC, 3.4 (95% CI 0.4-30.5) for OS, and 2.4 for CSS (95% CI 0.2-23.2). A survival benefit favoring the CDDP arm was not evident in the p16-negative OPC group or for patients with cancer located in other sites. Serious or fatal infectious complications occurred only in the CTX arm. Conclusions In patients with p16-positive OPC in the CTXMAB+RT trial, CTX had lower efficacy than CDDP, with possible implications for treatment selection in this clinical setting.
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- 2017
33. Comment on 'Everolimus induces G1 cell cycle arrest through autophagy-mediated protein degradation of cyclin D1 in breast cancer cells'
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Giuseppe Belmonte, Clelia Miracco, Luigi Pirtoli, Paolo Tini, and Marzia Toscano
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Everolimus ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Physiology ,Chemistry ,Proteolysis ,Cell ,Autophagy ,Cell Biology ,Protein degradation ,Cyclin D1 ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Breast cancer cells ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2020
34. Tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes expressing FoxP3, CCR7 or PD-1 predict the outcome of prostate cancer patients subjected to salvage radiotherapy after biochemical relapse
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Maria Teresa Del Vecchio, Mariarosaria Boccellino, Leonardo Semeraro, Gaetano Facchini, Bruno Jim Rocca, Tommaso Carfagno, Luigi Pirtoli, Gianluca Vischi, Anna Grimaldi, Michele Caraglia, Massimiliano Berretta, Elodia Claudia Martino, Cirino Botta, Paolo Tini, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Pierpaolo Correale, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Aurora Barone, Maria Raffaella Ambrosio, Valerio Nardone, Gabriella Misso, Nardone, Valerio, Botta, Cirino, Caraglia, Michele, Martino, Elodia Claudia, Ambrosio, Maria Raffaella, Carfagno, Tommaso, Tini, Paolo, Semeraro, Leonardo, Misso, Gabriella, Grimaldi, Anna, Boccellino, Mariarosaria, Facchini, Gaetano, Berretta, Massimiliano, Vischi, Gianluca, Rocca, Bruno Jim, Barone, Aurora, Tassone, Pierfrancesco, Tagliaferri, Pierosandro, del Vecchio, Maria Teresa, Pirtoli, Luigi, Correale, Pierpaolo, Nardone V., Botta C., Caraglia M., Martino E.C., Ambrosio M.R., Carfagno T., Tini P., Semeraro L., Misso G., Grimaldi A., Boccellino M., Facchini G., Berretta M., Vischi G., Rocca B.J., Barone A., Tassone P., Tagliaferri P., del Vecchio M.T., Pirtoli L., and Correale P.
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ,Chemokyne Receptor 7 ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Recurrence ,PD-1 ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Forkhead Transcription Factors ,hemic and immune systems ,prostate cancer ,Primary tumor ,disease-free survival ,FoxP3 ,overall survival ,prognosis ,radiotherapy ,T regulators lymphocytes ,tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Molecular Medicine ,prognosi ,Research Paper ,Receptors, CCR7 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ,Median follow-up ,Internal medicine ,Pharmacology ,medicine ,Humans ,Progression-free survival ,Radical surgery ,Aged ,Salvage Therapy ,business.industry ,Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,Radiation therapy ,T regulators lymphocyte ,030104 developmental biology ,Tumor progression ,tumor infiltrating lymphocyte ,business - Abstract
Tumor immunologic microenvironment is strongly involved in tumor progression and the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with different phenotypes has been demonstrated to be of prognostic relevance in different malignancies. We investigated whether TIL infiltration of tumor tissues could also predict the outcome of prostate cancer patients. To this end, we carried out a retrospective analysis correlating the outcome of locally advanced prostate cancer patients undergone salvage radiotherapy upon relapse after radical surgery with the infiltration by different TIL populations. Twenty-two patients with resectable prostate cancer, with a mean age of 67 (+/−3.93) years, who received salvage radiotherapy with a mean of 69.66 (+/− 3.178) Gy in 8 weeks, between June 1999 and January 2009 and with a median follow up of 123 (+/− 55.82) months, were enrolled in this study. We evaluated, by immunohistochemistry, the intratumoral (t) and peripheral stroma (p) infiltration by CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CCR7, FoxP3 or PD-1-positive cells on tumor samples taken at the diagnosis (d) and relapse times (R). We correlated these variables with patients' biochemical progression free survival (bPFS), post-radiotherapy progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Substantial changes in the rate of TIL subsets were found between the first and the second biopsy with progressive increase in CD4, CCR7, FoxP3, PD-1+ cells. Our analysis revealed that higher CD8p,R+ and lower PD-1R+ TIL scores correlated to a longer bPFS. Higher CD8p,R+ and CCR7t,R+ TIL scores and lower CD45p,R+ and FoxP3p,R+ TIL scores correlated to a prolonged PFS and OS. These results suggest that the immunological microenvironment of primary tumor is strictly correlated with patient outcome and provide the rationale for immunological treatment of prostate cancer.
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- 2016
35. GOLFIG chemo-immunotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients: A fifteen year retrospective analysis
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Laura Ridolfi, Edoardo Francini, Pierpaolo Pastina, Guido Francini, Domenico Azzarello, Enrico Mini, Rocco Giannicola, Antonia Consuelo Falzea, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Alessandra Strangio, Luigi Pirtoli, Rita Agostino, Valerio Nardone, Nicoletta Staropoli, Antonio Giordano, Cirino Botta, P. Correale, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, and Domenico Ciliberto
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Phases of clinical research ,Hematology ,Chemotherapy regimen ,Gemcitabine ,Clinical trial ,Regimen ,FOLFOX ,Median follow-up ,Aldesleukin ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Immune-checkpoint blockade has shown anti-tumor activity in MSI mCRC patients only, thus, the research of more efficacious immunological strategies for colon cancer treatment is still open. GOLFIG, is a safe and active chemo-immunotherapy regimen designed on the basis of preclinical immune-oncological findings and evaluated in two subsequent Phase II and III trials in mCRC patients (J Clin Oncol, 2005,23:8950; J Immunother, 2014;37:26). This regimen combines gemcitabine + FOLFOX poly-chemotherapy with salgramostim (GM-CSF) and low dose sc. aldesleukin, to improve both cross-priming and T-cell effector anti-tumor response. Here we report a fifteen-year retrospective analysis of all patients undergone this therapeutic approach. Methods This is a multi-institutional real-life study including one hundred-seventy-nine mCRC patients receiving GOLFIG regimen between October 2001 and November 2018 with a median follow up of 120 months. The treatment was administered to 62 patients (GOLFIG-2 trial, EUDRACT: 2005-003458-81) as a first-line and to 117 patients as second/third-line (49 enrolled in the GOLFIG-1 phase II trial and 68 as real life). Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression were carried-out to relate their PFS and OS with sex, age, sidedness, RAS mutational status, previous treatment lines, baseline clinical parameters and treatment-related irAEs. Results We recorded a PFS and OS of 15.3 (95%CI:10.4-20.2) and 24.6 (95%CI:19.07-30.14) months, respectively, with 10% of the patients surviving more than ten years. Patients’ outcome did not correlate with sex, sidedness and RAS. First line GOLFIG confirmed superiority over FOLFOX in term of PFS (HR = 0.58 p = 0.006) and OS (HR = 0.69, P = 0.06) (updated from GOLFIG-2 trial). Patients in first-line showed a longer PFS (HR = 0.69; p = 0.041) compared with the others, with no difference in OS. On the overall, a longer PFS and OS correlated with baseline neutrophil counts ≤ 4,500 cells/µl (HR:0.32; P = 0.003) and occurrence of irAEs (HR = 0.36; P = 0.0001) recorded in 24% of the cases. Conclusions These results confirm that the GOLFIG regimen is a reliable therapy for pretreated mCRC patients and offer the rationale to design combination trials with immune-checkpoint blockade. Clinical trial identification 1) GOLFIG-2 phase III trial; EudraCT: 2005-003458-81 2) GOLFIG-1 phase II trial; EudraCT no available, start July 2001. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Italian Ministry of Education and Research (MIUR) (2009EHW394). Private grant from the “Associazione Culturale Federico II,” and from the “Associazione Riuniti Calabria Oncologia (ARCO)”. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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- 2019
36. Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
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Luigi Pirtoli, Paolo Tini, Francesco Gentili, Luca Volterrani, and Maria Antonietta Mazzei
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Pleural mesothelioma ,Pleural effusion ,business.industry ,Advanced stage ,Early detection ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Response to treatment ,medicine ,Radiology ,Radiation treatment planning ,business - Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is officially recognized as an occupational neoplasm frequently diagnosed in an advanced stage. The disease is usually diffuse rather than focal, typically invasive. Imaging is pivotal for the early detection of the disease, the identification of patients suitable for surgical resection, and the assessment of response to treatment. Computed tomography (CT), given the high spatial resolution, is often sufficient for disease staging and treatment planning on the condition that optimal technical parameters are employed. Magnetic resonance is not generally adopted to evaluate MPM because of long imaging time, cost reasons, and limited availability; otherwise in selected cases this modality can be employed to characterize a suspected local tumor infiltration, given its high tissue contrast. In evaluating the response to treatment and monitoring recurrence both CT and 18-FDG-PET/TC may be employed whereas CT seems to be the best imaging modality in attempting to differentiate MPM from metastatic cancer and benign pleural effusion.
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- 2019
37. NRF2 orchestrates the redox regulation induced by radiation therapy, sustaining embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells radioresistance
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Francesca Megiorni, Daniela Musio, Vincenzo Tombolini, Luigi Pirtoli, Silvia Codenotti, Francesco Marampon, Sara Cheleschi, Antonella Fioravanti, Simona Camero, Giovanni Luca Gravina, Alessandro Fanzani, Valerio Nardone, Carlo Dominici, Andrea Del Fattore, Francesca De Felice, Claudio Festuccia, Paolo Tini, Anna Natalizia Santoro, Marampon, F, Codenotti, S, Megiorni, F, Del Fattore, A, Camero, S, Gravina, G L, Festuccia, C, Musio, D, De Felice, F, Nardone, V, Santoro, A N, Dominici, C, Fanzani, A, Pirtoli, L, Fioravanti, A, Tombolini, V, Cheleschi, S, and Tini, P
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,DNA damage ,NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ,Transfection ,Radiation Tolerance ,Anti-oxidant ,Antioxidants ,NRF2 ,Superoxide dismutase ,03 medical and health sciences ,Radioresistance ,Radiotherapy ,Reactive oxygen species ,Rhabdomyosarcoma ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Gene silencing ,Humans ,Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Clonogenic assay ,Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Chemistry ,anti-oxidant ,radioresistance ,radiotherapy ,reactive oxygen species ,rhabdomyosarcoma ,oncology ,cancer research ,Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Cell biology ,Up-Regulation ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,biology.protein ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
PURPOSE: Tumor cells generally exhibit higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, when stressed, tumor cells can undergo a process of 'Redox Resetting' to acquire a new redox balance with stronger antioxidant systems that enable cancer cells to become resistant to radiation therapy (RT). Here, we describe how RT affects the oxidant/antioxidant balance in human embryonal (RD) and alveolar (RH30) rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines, investigating on the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS: Radiations were delivered using an x-6 MV photon linear accelerator and their effects were assessed by vitality and clonogenic assays. The expression of specific antioxidant-enzymes, such as Superoxide Dismutases (SODs), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidases 4 (GPx4), miRNAs (miR-22, -126, -210, -375, -146a, -34a) and the transcription factor NRF2 was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and western blotting. RNA interference experiments were performed to evaluate the role of NRF2. RESULTS: Doses of RT higher than 2 Gy significantly affected RMS clonogenic ability by increasing ROS production. RMS rapidly and efficiently brought back ROS levels by up-regulating the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, miRNAs as well as of NRF2. Silencing of NRF2 restrained the RMS ability to counteract RT-induced ROS accumulation, antioxidant enzyme and miRNA expression and was able to increase the abundance of gamma-H2AX, a biomarker of DNA damage, in RT-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data suggest the strategic role of oxidant/antioxidant balance in restraining the therapeutic efficiency of RT in RMS treatment and identify NRF2 as a new potential molecular target whose inhibition might represent a novel radiosensitizing therapeutic strategy for RMS clinical management.
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- 2019
38. Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging Texture Analysis Predicts Early Progression in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
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Salvatore Cappabianca, Luigi Pirtoli, Gianluca Pellino, Lucio Sebaste, Fernando Scala, Paolo Tini, Alfonso Reginelli, Giuseppe Battaglia, Tommaso Carfagno, Valerio Nardone, Pierpaolo Correale, Salvatore Francesco Carbone, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Pierpaolo Pastina, Nardone, Valerio, Reginelli, Alfonso, Scala, Fernando, Carbone, Salvatore Francesco, Mazzei, Maria Antonietta, Sebaste, Lucio, Carfagno, Tommaso, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Pastina, Pierpaolo, Correale, Pierpaolo, Tini, Paolo, Pellino, Gianluca, Cappabianca, Salvatore, and Pirtoli, Luigi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Article Subject ,Colorectal cancer ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,lcsh:RC799-869 ,Radical surgery ,Hepatology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Univariate ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cohort ,Abdomen ,lcsh:Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,Radiology ,business ,Research Article ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background. We hypothesized that texture analysis (TA) from the preoperative MRI can predict early disease progression (ePD), defined as the percentage of patients who relapsed or showed distant metastasis within three months from the radical surgery, in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC, stage II and III, AJCC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (C-RT). Methods. This retrospective monoinstitutional cohort study included 49 consecutive patients in total with a newly diagnosed rectal cancer. All the patients underwent baseline abdominal MRI and CT scan of the chest and abdomen to exclude distant metastasis before C-RT. Texture parameters were extracted from MRI performed before C-RT (T1, DWI, and ADC sequences) using LifeX Software, a dedicated software for extracting texture parameters from radiological imaging. We divided the cohort in a training set of 34 patients and a validation set of 15 patients, and we tested the data sets for homogeneity, considering the clinical variables. Then we performed univariate and multivariate analysis, and a ROC curve was also generated. Results. Thirteen patients (26.5%) showed an ePD, three of whom with lung metastases and ten with liver relapse. The model was validated based on the prediction accuracy calculated in a previously unseen set of 15 patients. The prediction accuracy of the generated model was 82% (AUC=0.853) in the training and 80% (AUC=0.833) in the validation cohort. The only significant features at multivariate analysis was DWI GLCM Correlation (OR: 0.239, p<0.001). Conclusion. Our results suggest that TA could be useful to identify patients that may develop early progression.
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- 2019
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39. Trehalose inhibits cell proliferation and amplifies long-term temozolomide- and radiation-induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells: A role for autophagy and premature senescence
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Luigi Pirtoli, Giulia Allavena, Emilia Maellaro, Barbara Del Bello, Clelia Miracco, Nila Volpi, Paolo Tini, and Giuseppe Valacchi
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0301 basic medicine ,autophagy ,Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Apoptosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Radiation, Ionizing ,Sequestosome-1 Protein ,Temozolomide ,melanoma cells, trehalose, autophagy, premature senescence, radiosensitization ,Humans ,Radiosensitivity ,Viability assay ,melanoma cells ,premature senescence ,radiosensitization ,trehalose ,Cell Biology ,Cytotoxicity ,Melanoma ,Cellular Senescence ,Cell Proliferation ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,Autophagy ,Ambientale ,Chloroquine ,Trehalose ,Cytostasis ,030104 developmental biology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Melanocytes - Abstract
Cutaneous melanomas frequently metastasize to the brain, with temozolomide (TMZ) plus radiotherapy (RT) offering little control of these lesions. We tested whether trehalose, a natural glucose disaccharide proved to induce autophagy, could enhance the effect of TMZ and ionizing radiation (IR). In two melanoma cell lines (A375 and SK-Mel-28), which greatly differ in chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity, trehalose significantly inhibited short-term cell proliferation and also enhanced IR-induced cytostasis. Interestingly, in TMZ-resistant SK-Mel-28 cells, trehalose was more effective than TMZ, and combined trehalose + TMZ further reduced cell proliferation. In long-term experiments, colony-forming capacity was dramatically reduced by trehalose, and even more by combined trehalose + TMZ or trehalose + IR. In resistant SK-Mel-28 cells, although growth was inhibited most with trehalose + TMZ + IR-6 Gy combined treatment, it is notable that trehalose + TMZ treatment was also very effective. Along with a direct antiproliferative effect, two further mechanisms may explain how trehalose potentiates TMZ- and IR-induced effects: the remarkable trehalose-stimulated autophagy in A375 cells, which were sensitive to TMZ- and IR-induced apoptosis; and the notable trehalose-stimulated premature senescence in SK-Mel-28 cells, which were resistant to apoptosis and less prone to autophagy. In normal melanocytes, trehalose induced a minor autophagy and cell proliferation inhibition, without affecting cell viability; moreover, when trehalose was used in combination with TMZ, the slight TMZ-induced cytotoxicity was not significantly reinforced. Together, our results suggest that trehalose, a safe nutrient supplement able to cross the blood-brain barrier, is a promising candidate, worthy to be further explored in vivo, to augment the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ and RT in melanoma brain metastases.
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- 2019
40. Hypofractionated radiation therapy versus chemotherapy with temozolomide in patients affected by RPA class V and VI glioblastoma: a randomized phase II trial
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Laura Masini, Marco Krengli, Michela Buglione, Riccardo Santoni, Alessio Bruni, Umberto Ricardi, Luigi Pirtoli, Nada Riva, Paolo Borghetti, L. Pegurri, Roberto Gatta, Bruno Meduri, Stefano Maria Magrini, E. Turco, Sara Pedretti, Silvia Scoccianti, Vincenzo Fusco, and Luca Triggiani
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Oncology ,Quality of life ,Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Hypofractionated radiotherapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glioblastoma ,Poor prognosis patients ,Temozolomide ,Internal medicine ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Humans ,Progression-free survival ,Aged ,Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ,Brain Neoplasms ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Prospective Studies ,Survival Rate ,Radiation Dose Hypofractionation ,Chemotherapy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Alkylating ,Neurology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Toxicity ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In RPA V-VI glioblastoma patients both hypofractionated radiotherapy and exclusive temozolomide can be used; the purpose of this trial is to compare these treatment regimens in terms of survival and quality of life. Patients with histologic diagnosis of glioblastoma were randomized to hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT–30 Gy in 6 fractions) and exclusive chemotherapy (CHT–emozolomide 200 mg/m2/day 5 days every 28 days). Overall (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were evaluated with Kaplan Maier curves and correlated with prognostic factors. Quality- adjusted survival (QaS) was evaluated according to the Murray model (Neurological Sign and Symptoms–NSS) From 2010 to 2015, 31 pts were enrolled (CHT: 17 pts; RT: 14pts). Four pts were excluded from the analysis. RPA VI (p = 0.048) and absence of MGMT methylation (p = 0.001) worsened OS significantly. Biopsy (p = 0.048), RPA class VI (p = 0.04) and chemotherapy (p = 0.007) worsened PFS. In the two arms the initial NSS scores were overlapping (CHT: 12.23 and RT: 12.30) and progressively decreased in both group and became significantly worse after 5 months in CHT arm (p = 0.05). Median QaS was 104 days and was significantly better in RT arm (p = 0.01). The data obtained are limited by the poor accrual. Both treatments were well tolerated. Patients in RT arm have a better PFS and QaS, without significant differences in OS. The deterioration of the NSS score would seem an important parameter and coincide with disease progression rather than with the toxicity of the treatment.
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- 2019
41. Early blood rise in auto-antibodies to nuclear and smooth muscle antigens is predictive of prolonged survival and autoimmunity in metastatic-non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with PD-1 immune-check point blockade by nivolumab
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Antonia Consuelo Falzea, Valerio Nardone, Rocco Giannicola, Vito Barbieri, Nicoletta Staropoli, Graziella Calabrese, Graziella D'Arrigo, Marika Monoriti, Cirino Botta, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Pietro Del Medico, Pierpaolo Correale, Giovanni Tripepi, Pierpaolo Pastina, Teresa Del Giudice, Rita Agostino, Luigi Pirtoli, Giannicola R., D'arrigo G., Botta C., Agostino R., Del Medico P., Falzea A.C., Barbieri V., Staropoli N., Del Giudice T., Pastina P., Nardone V., Monoriti M., Calabrese G., Tripepi G., Pirtoli L., Tassone P., Tagliaferri P., Correale P., Giannicola, R, D'Arrigo, G, Botta, C, Agostino, R, Del Medico, P, Falzea, Ac, Barbieri, V, Staropoli, N, Del Giudice, T, Pastina, P, Nardone, V, Monoriti, M, Calabrese, G, Tripepi, G, Pirtoli, L, Tassone, P, Tagliaferri, P, and Correale, P
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Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,IrAE ,Extractable nuclear antigens ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Salvage therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Lung cancer ,Adverse effect ,MNSCLC ,Chemotherapy ,Auto-antibodie ,PD-1/PDL-1-blockade ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Cancer ,Articles ,medicine.disease ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Nivolumab ,business - Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade by Nivolumab, a human monoclonal antibody to programmed cell death receptor-1, is an emerging treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). In order to prolong patient survival, this treatment requires a continuous cross-priming of tumor derived-antigens to supply fresh tumor-specific immune-effectors; a phenomenon that may also trigger auto-immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The present study therefore investigated the prognostic value of multiple autoimmunity- associated parameters in patients with mNSCLC who were undergoing Nivolumab treatment. This retrospective study included 92 mNSCLC patients who received salvage therapy with Nivolumab (3 mg/kg, biweekly) between September 2015 and June 2018. Log-rank test, Mantel-Cox and McPherson analyses were conducted to correlate patient progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with different parameters including blood cell counts, serum inflammatory markers and auto-antibodies (AAbs). A median PFS and OS of 10 [inter-quartile range (IQR): 5.8-14.2] and 16 [IQR: 6.2-25.8] months, respectively, were recorded, which did not correlated with age, histology or the number of previous chemotherapy lines. Male gender, the type of therapeutic regimens received prior to Nivolumab, and the occurrence of irAEs were revealed to be positive predictors of prolonged survival (P1AAbs among anti-nuclear antigens (ANAs), extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) and anti-smooth cell antigens (ASMAs) correlated with prolonged PFS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08-0.62; P=0.004] and OS [HR=0.28 (95% CI: 0.09-0.88), P=0.03], with the type of treatment received prior to nivolumab (P=0.007) and with the risk of irAEs (P=0.002). In conclusion, increased serum levels of ANA, ENA and/or ASMA are consequential to Nivolumab administration and are predictive of a positive outcome in mNSCLC patients.
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- 2019
42. Role of perilesional edema and tumor volume in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases
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Claudia Vinciguerra, Pierpaolo Pastina, Salvatore Cappabianca, Sara Nanni, Pierpaolo Correale, Alfonso Cerase, Cesare Guida, Luigi Pirtoli, Alfonso Reginelli, Antonio Giordano, Paolo Tini, Valerio Nardone, Nardone, V., Nanni, S., Pastina, P., Vinciguerra, C., Cerase, A., Correale, P., DI GUIDA, Colomba, Giordano, A., Tini, P., Reginelli, A., Cappabianca, S., and Pirtoli, L.
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Male ,Oncology ,Lung Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_treatment ,non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ,Brain Edema ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Non-small cell lung cancer ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Clinical endpoint ,Medicine ,Tumor volume ,Aged, 80 and over ,Univariate analysis ,Brain Neoplasms ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Tumor Burden ,Survival Rate ,Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Immunotherapy ,Perilesional edema ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Brain metastase ,Brain metastases ,Stereotactic radiosurgery ,Radiosurgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Aged ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Radiation therapy ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
AimTo assess the role of perilesional edema (PE) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) brain metastases (BM) undergoing radiosurgery (SRS).MethodsThis series includes 46patients with 1-2BM treated with SRS, selected out of all patients referred for radiotherapy (RT) for BMs over 5years (2013 to 2017). Both the PE and gross tumor volume (GTV) were contoured on MRI images, and the PE/GTV ratio and PE+GTV value (TV, total volume) were calculated. Our clinical endpoints were brain recurrence free-survival, divided into local brain control (in field, LBC) and distant brain control (out of field, DBC) and overall survival (OS). We analyzed the role of the previously described volumetric parameters and of known clinical prognosticators (disease specific GPA, DS-GPA; chemotherapy, CHT) with Cox regression analyses.ResultsOnly four patients (9%) developed in-field progression, whereas 10patients (22%) showed new out-of-field BM and thirty-eight patients died in the follow up (83%). In univariate analysis, both volumetric parameters and clinical parameters were correlated with DBC and OS, whereas we did not find any correlation with LBC. In the multivariate analysis of DBC, the significant parameters were PE/GTV ratio (HR 0.302), sex (HR 0.131), and DS-GPA (HR 0.261). The OS multivariate analysis showed that the only significant parameters were DS-GPA (HR 0.478) and TV (HR: 1.038).ConclusionOur study, although with the limitations of amonocentric retrospective study analyzing asmall cohort of patients, suggests the role of PE/GTV ratio for the development of new BMs. TV also seems to be correlated with OS, together with known clinical prognosticators. These findings, if validated in alarger prospective dataset, could help in selecting patients for the most suitable RT modality (or systemic therapy approach). ZusammenfassungZielBeurteilung der Rolle des perilesionalen odems (PE) bei der Radiochirurgie (SRS) von Hirnmetastasen (BM) beim nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC).MethodenDiese Serie umfasst 46Patienten mit 1-2 mit SRS behandelten BM, die aus allen Patienten ausgewahlt wurden, bei denen uber einen Zeitraum von 5Jahren (2013-2017) eine Radiotherapie (RT) zur BM-Behandlung eingesetzt wurde. Sowohl das PE- als auch das Bruttovolumen des Tumors (GTV) wurde auf MRT-Bildern konturiert, um das PE/GTV-Verhaltnis und den PE+GTV-Wert (TV, Gesamtvolumen) zu erhalten. Unsere klinischen Endpunkte waren die rezidivfreie Zeit des Gehirns, welche in die lokale Hirnkontrolle (LBC, in field) und die entfernte Hirnkontrolle (DBC, out of field) unterteilt wurde, sowie das Gesamtuberleben des Patienten (OS). Wir haben die Rolle der zuvor beschriebenen volumetrischen Parameter und der bekannten klinischen Faktoren (krankheitsspezifische GPA: DS-GPA, Chemotherapie: CHT) mit den Cox-Regressionsanalysen analysiert.ErgebnisseNur 4Patienten (9%) entwickelten eine In-field-Progression, wohingegen 10Patienten (22%) neue Out-of-field-BM zeigten und 38Patienten im Follow-up starben (83%). Bei der univariaten Analyse wurden sowohl die volumetrischen Parameter als auch die klinischen Parameter mit DBC und OS korreliert, wohingegen wir keine Korrelation mit LBC fanden. Bei der multivariaten DBC-Analyse waren das PE/GTV-Verhaltnis (HR 0,302), das Geschlecht des Patienten (HR 0,131) und das DS-GPA (HR 0,261) signifikante Parameter.SchlussfolgerungUnsere Studie legt - trotz der Einschrankungen einer monozentrischen retrospektiven Studie, die eine kleine Patientengruppe analysiert - die Rolle des PE/GTV-Verhaltnisses fur die Entwicklung neuer BMs nahe.Das TV scheint auch mit OS, zusammen mit bekannten klinischen Faktoren, zu korrelieren. Diese Erkenntnisse konnten, wenn sie in einem gro ss eren, prospektiven Datensatz validiert wurden, bei der Auswahl der Patienten fur die geeignetste RT-Modalitat (oder den systemischen Therapieansatz) helfen.
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- 2019
43. Role of the Appropriateness of the Pelvic Lymphadenectomy and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Early-Stage Poorly Differentiated Endometrial Carcinoma
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Pierpaolo Pastina, Marta Vannini, Luigi Pirtoli, Paolo Tini, Giuseppe Battaglia, Valerio Nardone, Lucio Sebaste, Luisa Marciello, Chiara Cancemi, Monica Crociani, Nardone, V, Tini, P, Marciello, L, Battaglia, G, Pastina, P, Crociani, M, Cancemi, C, Vannini, M, Sebaste, L, and Pirtoli, L
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adjuvant radiotherapy ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Multivariate analysis ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surgical oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Lymphadenectomy ,Stage (cooking) ,Pelvic lymphadenectomy ,business ,Adjuvant - Abstract
Purpose With this work, we intend to investigate the prognostic role of the pelvic lymphadenectomy, analyzing the pattern of recurrence in poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma. Methods and Materials Our study analyzes a total of 98 patients affected by early-stage (T1/T2) poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma. Detailed data concerning clinical presentation, pathology, adjuvant treatment, and outcomes were collected and correlated with disease-free survival (DFS), further distinguished in local and distant DFS, and overall survival (OS). The extent of the lymphadenectomy was considered appropriated when a number of 12 lymph nodes were removed. Results The only characteristic significantly associated with locoregional DFS was the use of adjuvant radiation therapy (p: 0.003), whereas the use of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT, p: 0.004), the appropriateness of lymphadenectomy (p: 0.019), and the higher age ([ 65 years, p: 0.037) are associated with distance DFS. The only significant variable associated with OS was the higher age (p: 0.025). On multivariate analysis, RT was correlated (p: 0.017) with locoregional DFS, whereas RT (p: 0.019) and age (p: 0.048) were correlated with distance DFS. The multivariate analysis of OS showed that the only parameter associated was the age (p: 0.047). Conclusions The results of our study underline the importance of an appropriate lymphadenectomy and the selection of the correct adjuvant strategy in the treatment of early-stage poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma.
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- 2018
44. Patients Affected by Unmethylated O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Glioblastoma Undergoing Radiochemotherapy May Benefit from Moderately Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy
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Lucio Sebaste, Luigi Pirtoli, Pierpaolo Pastina, Giuseppe Battaglia, Paolo Tini, Giovanni Rubino, Clelia Miracco, Valerio Nardone, Alfonso Cerase, Tini, Paolo, Nardone, Valerio, Pastina, Pierpaolo, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Miracco, Clelia, Sebaste, Lucio, Rubino, Giovanni, Cerase, Alfonso, and Luigi Pirtoli, And
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Adult ,Male ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Methyltransferase ,Article Subject ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Dacarbazine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Disease-Free Survival ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Temozolomide ,Humans ,Medicine ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Aged ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase ,Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ,Chemoradiotherapy ,General Medicine ,DNA Methylation ,Middle Aged ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Surgery ,Radiation therapy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Concomitant ,Female ,Glioblastoma ,business ,Adjuvant ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose. To compare the therapeutic results of two radiotherapy (RT) dose schedules in combined temozolomide- (TMZ-) RT treatment in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GB), according to the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status.Material and Method. Patients received either standard (60 Gy) or moderately escalated dose (70 Gy) radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant and adjuvant TMZ between June 2006 and October 2013. We retrospectively evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of RT schedules in terms of Overall Survival (OS) and Progression-Disease Free Survival (PDFS) analyzing the MGMT methylation status.Results. One hundred and seventeen patients were selected for the present analysis. Seventy-two out of the selected cases received the standard RT-TMZ course (SDRT-TMZ) whereas the remaining 45 underwent the escalated schedule (HDRT-TMZ). The analysis according to the MGMT promoter methylation status showed that, in unmethylated-MGMT GB patients, HDRT-TMZ and SDRT-TMZ groups had different median OS (p=0,01) and PDFS (p=0,007), that is, 8 months and 5 months for the SDRT-TMZ group and 14 months and 9 months for the HDRT-TMZ group, respectively. No difference in survival outcomes was found in methylated MGMT patients according to the two RT schedules (p=0,12).Conclusions. In our experience, unmethylated-MGMT GB patients benefited from a moderately escalated dose of RT plus TMZ.
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- 2017
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45. Aromatase Inhibitors—Induced Musculoskeletal Disorders: Current Knowledge on Clinical and Molecular Aspects
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Luigi Pirtoli, Antonella Fioravanti, Pierpaolo Correale, Sara Tenti, and Sara Cheleschi
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0301 basic medicine ,Osteoporosis ,Breast Neoplasms ,Review ,Bioinformatics ,hormonal anti-estrogen therapy ,Catalysis ,aromatase inhibitors ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,breast cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Adjuvant therapy ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Musculoskeletal Diseases ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Aromatase ,Adverse effect ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,biology ,endocrine therapy ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Estrogens ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Computer Science Applications ,Discontinuation ,aromatase inhibitors-associated arthralgia ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Joint pain ,autoimmune rheumatic diseases ,biology.protein ,Female ,musculoskeletal disorders ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Tamoxifen ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have radically changed the prognosis of hormone receptor positive breast cancer (BC) in post-menopausal women, and are a mainstay of the adjuvant therapy for BC after surgery in place of, or following, Tamoxifen. However, AIs aren’t side effect-free; frequent adverse events involve the musculoskeletal system, in the form of bone loss, AI-associated arthralgia (AIA) syndrome and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this narrative review, we reported the main clinical features of these three detrimental conditions, their influence on therapy adherence, the possible underlying molecular mechanisms and the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The best-known form is the AIs-induced osteoporosis, whose molecular pathway and therapeutic possibilities were extensively investigated in the last decade. AIA syndrome is a high prevalent joint pain disorder which often determines a premature discontinuation of the therapy. Several points still need to be clarified, as a universally accepted diagnostic definition, the pathogenetic mechanisms and satisfactory management strategies. The association of AIs therapy with autoimmune diseases is of the utmost interest. The related literature has been recently expanded, but many issues remain to be explored, the first being the molecular mechanisms.
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- 2020
46. Distinctive germline expression of class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and DRB1 heterozygosis predict the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade
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Giuseppa Romeo, Rita Agostino, Daniele Caracciolo, Natale Imbesi, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Amalia Luce, Luigi Pirtoli, Alois Nečas, Pierpaolo Correale, Rocco Giannicola, Teresa Del Giudice, Nicoletta Staropoli, Evzen Amler, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Vito Barbieri, Alessandra Strangio, Pierpaolo Pastina, Rita Emilena Saladino, M. Altomonte, Valerio Nardone, Diana Giannarelli, Paolo Tini, Valentina Arcati, Antonio Giordano, Antonia Consuelo Falzea, Michele Caraglia, Correale, P., Saladino, R. E., Giannarelli, D., Giannicola, R., Agostino, R., Staropoli, N., Strangio, A., Del Giudice, T., Nardone, V., Altomonte, M., Pastina, P., Tini, P., Falzea, A. C., Imbesi, N., Arcati, V., Romeo, G., Caracciolo, D., Luce, A., Caraglia, M., Giordano, A., Pirtoli, L., Necas, A., Amler, E., Barbieri, V., Tassone, P., and Tagliaferri, P.
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Male ,Cancer Research ,Lung Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Human leukocyte antigen ,Cancer immunotherapy ,HLA Antigens ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Immunotherapy Biomarkers ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Lung cancer ,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ,Alleles ,Germ-Line Mutation ,RC254-282 ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,lung neoplasm ,Immune checkpoint ,HLA-A ,antigen presentation ,Treatment Outcome ,Oncology ,tumor biomarkers ,B7-H1 antigen ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Nivolumab ,business ,B7-H1 Antigen - Abstract
BackgroundNivolumab is a human monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) able to rescue quiescent tumor infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) restoring their ability to kill target cells expressing specific tumor antigen-derived epitope peptides bound to homologue human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Nivolumab is currently an active but expensive therapeutic agent for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), producing, in some cases, immune-related adverse events (irAEs). At the present, no reliable biomarkers have been validated to predict either treatment response or adverse events in treated patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective multi-institutional analysis including 119 patients with mNSCLC who received PD-1 blockade since November 2015 to investigate the predictive role of germinal class I HLA and DRB1 genotype. We investigated the correlation among patients’ outcome and irAEs frequency with specific HLA A, B, C and DRB1 alleles by reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) DNA typing.ResultsA poor outcome in patients negative for the expression of two most frequent HLA-A alleles was detected (HLA: HLA-A*01 and or A*02; progression-free survival (PFS): 7.5 (2.8 to 12.2) vs 15.9 (0 to 39.2) months, p=0.01). In particular, HLA-A*01-positive patients showed a prolonged PFS of 22.6 (10.2 to 35.0) and overall survival (OS) of 30.8 (7.7 to 53.9) months, respectively. We also reported that HLA-A and DRB1 locus heterozygosis (het) were correlated to a worse OS if we considered het in the locus A; in reverse, long survival was correlated to het in DRB1.ConclusionsThis study demonstrate that class I and II HLA allele characterization to define tumor immunogenicity has relevant implications in predicting nivolumab efficacy in mNSCLC and provide the rationale for further prospective trials of cancer immunotherapy.
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- 2020
47. Correlation of HLA-B*35 and DRB1*11 alleles with a high risk of interstitial aseptic pneumonitis in cancer patients receiving PD-1/PDL1 immune-checkpoint blockade
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Eleonora Iuliano, Andrea Sergi, Pierpaolo Correale, Giovanna Bianco, Amalia Luce, Alessia Stranges, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Rita Emilena Saladino, Pierpaolo Pastina, Pierfrancesco Tassone, M. Altomonte, Rocco Giannicola, Paolo Tini, Natale Daniele Calandruccio, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Michele Caraglia, Daniele Caracciolo, Luigi Pirtoli, Valerio Nardone, and Diana Giannarelli
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Cancer Research ,business.industry ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Immune checkpoint ,HLA-B ,Blockade ,Oncology ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Aseptic processing ,Allele ,business ,Pneumonitis - Abstract
e15094 Background: Tumor infiltrating CTL-rescue by PD-1/PDL1 immune-checkpoint blockade is a recommended treatment for several malignancies including non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC), malignant melanoma, head and neck, kidney, and urothelial cancer. MAbs to either PD-1 (Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab) or PDL1 (Atezolizumab and Durvalumab) are considered as active drugs in these patients, however, their use may be complicated by unpredictable immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and in less extent by a dreaded interstitial aseptic pneumonitis (IAP). Methods: We carried out a retrospective multi-institutional analysis aimed to investigate possible clinical and biological parameters correlated with the occurrence of IAP in a cohort of 256 cancer patients (188 with mNSCLC and 78 with other malignancies) who received PD-1/PDL-1 blockade since November 2015. Association of IAP with clinical/biological factors was assessed by the chi-square test. Statistics were performed by the SPSS software 23.0. HLA molecular analysis was performed by reverse SSO DNA typing assays on patients’ PBMCs. Results: A centralised radiological review recorded a IAP in 29 patients (11.3%) whose 15 (5.8%) were free of symptoms. There was no correlation of IAP risk with tumor type, specific PD-1 or PDL1 blocking mAb, radiation therapy, inflammatory markers, and other irAEs. IAP was more frequent in males than females [RR = 2.03, (95% CI: 0.63-5.61) p > 0.05] and occurred more often in mNSCLC patients who had received metronomic chemotherapy +/- bevacizumab [RR = 3.05 (95% CI: 1.32-7.06),P = 0.005] or TKI [RR = 1.73 (95% CI: 0.75-4.00),P > 0.05] compared with other treatments prior PD-1/PDL1 blockade. Finally, IAP occurrence was strictly correlated to the expression of HLA-B*35 [RR = 1.73 (95% CI: 0.81-3.71) P < 0.05] and DRB1*11 [RR = 2.34 (95% CI: 1.02-5.39); P = 0.03], two alleles associated to common autoimmune diseases. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings may have relevant implications in predicting the risk of IAP in mNSCLC receiving PD-1/PDL1 blockade and provide the rationale for further immunological and clinical investigations.
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- 2020
48. 3D bone texture analysis as a potential predictor of radiation-induced insufficiency fractures
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Luigi Pirtoli, Salvatore Francesco Carbone, Lucio Sebaste, Stefania Croci, Giovanni Rubino, Pierpaolo Pastina, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Valerio Nardone, Tommaso Carfagno, Paolo Tini, Giuseppe Battaglia, Nardone, Valerio, Tini, Paolo, Croci, Stefania, Carbone, Salvatore Francesco, Sebaste, Lucio, Carfagno, Tommaso, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Pastina, Pierpaolo, Rubino, Giovanni, Mazzei, Maria Antonietta, and Pirtoli, Luigi
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Insuffciency fractures (IFs) ,Radiation therapy (RT) ,Side effects ,Texture analysis (TA) ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,Multivariate analysis ,Side effect ,Logistic regression ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiation treatment planning ,Prospective cohort study ,Pelvis ,Univariate analysis ,business.industry ,Univariate ,Odds ratio ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Original Article ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Radiology - Abstract
Background The aim of our work is to assess the potential role of texture analysis (TA), applied to computed tomography (CT) simulation scans, in relation to the development of insufficiency fractures (IFs) in patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for pelvic malignancies. Methods We analyzed patients undergoing pelvic RT from Jan-2010 to Dec-2016, 31 of whom had developed IFs of the pelvis. We analyzed CT simulation scans using LifeX Software©, and in particular we selected three regions of interest (ROI): L5 body, the sacrum and both the femoral heads. The ROI were automatically contoured using the treatment planning software Raystation©. TA parameters included parameters from the gray-level histogram, indices from sphericity and from the matrix of GLCM (gray level co-occurrence matrix). The IFs patients were matched (1:1 ratio) with control patients who had not developed IFs, and were matched for age, sex, type of tumor, menopausal status, RT dose and use of chemotherapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were used for statistical analysis. Results Significant TA parameters on univariate analysis included both parameters from the histogram distribution, as well from the matrix of GLCM. On logistic regression analysis the significant parameters were L5-energy [P=0.033, odds ratio (OR): 1.997, 95% CI: 1.059-3.767] and FH-Skewness (P=0.014, OR: 2.338, 95% CI: 1.191-4.591), with a R2: 0.268. A ROC curve was generated from the binary logistic regression, and the AUC was 0.741 (95% CI: 0.627-0.855, P=0.001, S.E.: 0.058). Conclusions In our experience, 3D-bone CT TA can be used to stratify the risk of the patients to develop radiation-induced IFs. A prospective study will be conducted to validate these findings.
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- 2018
49. Texture analysis as a predictor of radiation-induced xerostomia in head and neck patients undergoing IMRT
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Roberta Grassi, Luigi Pirtoli, Pierpaolo Pastina, Paolo Tini, Lucio Sebaste, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Giuseppe Battaglia, Tommaso Carfagno, Christophe Nioche, Valerio Nardone, Nardone, Valerio, Tini, Paolo, Nioche, Christophe, Mazzei, Maria Antonietta, Carfagno, Tommaso, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Pastina, Pierpaolo, Grassi, Roberta, Sebaste, Lucio, and Pirtoli, Luigi
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Adult ,Male ,Multivariate analysis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radiation-induced xerostomia ,Logistic regression ,Xerostomia ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,stomatognathic system ,Head and neck cancer ,Radiation therapy ,Texture analysis ,Predictive Value of Tests ,medicine ,Dosimetry ,Humans ,Parotid Gland ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Head and neck ,Texture analysi ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Parotid gland ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Female ,Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Software - Abstract
Purpose: Image texture analysis (TA) is a heterogeneity quantifying approach that cannot be appreciated by the naked eye, and early evidence suggests that TA has great potential in the field of oncology. The aim of this study is to evaluate parotid gland texture analysis (TA) combined with formal dosimetry as a factor for predicting severe late xerostomia in patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients treated at our Radiation Oncology Unit between January 2010 and December 2015, and selected the patients whose normal dose constraints for the parotid gland (mean dose < 26 Gy for the bilateral gland) could not be satisfied due to the presence of positive nodes close to the parotid glands. The parotid gland that showed the higher V30 was contoured on CT simulation and analysed with LifeX Software©. TA parameters included features of grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), neighbourhood grey-level dependence matrix (NGLDM), grey-level run length matrix (GLRLM), grey-level zone length matrix (GLZLM), sphericity, and indices from the grey-level histogram. We performed a univariate and multivariate analysis between all the texture parameters, the volume of the gland, the normal dose parameters (V30 and Mean Dose), and the development of severe chronic xerostomia. Results: Seventy-eight patients were included and 25 (31%) developed chronic xerostomia. The TA parameters correlated with severe chronic xerostomia included V30 (OR 5.63), Dmean (OR 5.71), Kurtosis (OR 0.78), GLCM Correlation (OR 1.34), and RLNU (OR 2.12). The multivariate logistic regression showed a significant correlation between V30 (0.001), GLCM correlation (p: 0.026), RLNU (p: 0.011), and chronic xerostomia (p < 0.001, R2:0.664). Conclusions: Xerostomia represents an important cause of morbidity for head and neck cancer survivors after radiation therapy, and in certain cases normal dose constraints cannot be satisfied. Our results seem promising as texture analysis could enhance the normal dose constraints for the prediction of xerostomia. © 2018 Italian Society of Medical Radiology
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- 2018
50. Perilesional edema in brain cancer: Independent prognosticator or epiphenomenon of biomolecular signature?
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Luigi Pirtoli, Antonio Federico, Paolo Tini, Claudia Vinciguerra, Alfonso Cerase, Valerio Nardone, Nardone, V, Vinciguerra, C, Federico, A, Cerase, A, Pirtoli, L, and Tini, P
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Epiphenomenon ,Hematology ,Corpus callosum ,medicine.disease ,Brain cancer ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lateral ventricles ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Edema ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Glioblastoma - Published
- 2018
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