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1. Influence of laser processing parameters on the density-ductility tradeoff in additively manufactured pure tantalum

Author

Gianna M. Valentino, Arunima Banerjee, Alexander Lark, Christopher M. Barr, Seth H. Myers, and Ian D. McCue

Subjects
Tantalum, Additive manufacturing, Modulated laser, Refractory metals, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, T55.4-60.8
Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) has transformed the process of shaping refractory metals into complex form factors. This study was undertaken to investigate the AM processing parameters for pure tantalum (Ta) and to understand their influence on the attendant properties. Computational fluid dynamics simulations informed a subset of AM laser parameters that were manufactured and characterized for their porosity and mechanical response. Manufacturing with high energy densities (350-470 J/mm3) increased material density and mechanical strength, but dramatically reduced the ductility owing to the prolific formation of pre-existing edge cracks. While low porosity is typically a key metric for success in AM, the results presented here elucidate that a balance between maximizing bulk material density and minimizing steep thermal gradients during processing is needed to optimize the strength-ductility tradeoff.

Published
2023
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2. Characterization and development of NUV SiPMs for INFN optical modules for the SCT Medium Size Telescope proposed for the CTA Observatory.

Author

Giovanni Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, Carla Aramo, B. Bertucci, Elisabetta Bissaldi, M. Bitossri, A. Boiano, Carmela Bonavolontà, M. Caprai, Leonardo Di Venere, E. Fiandrini, N. Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, Maria Ionica, Francesco Licciulli, Serena Loporchio, V. Masone, M. Mongelli, Francesca R. Pantaleo, R. Paoletti, A. Rugliancich, L. Stiaccini, L. Tosti, Valerio Vagelli, and M. Valentino

Published
2019
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3. Controlled shape-morphing metallic components for deployable structures

Author

Ian D. McCue, Gianna M. Valentino, Douglas B. Trigg, Andrew M. Lennon, Chuck E. Hebert, Drew P. Seker, Salahudin M. Nimer, James P. Mastandrea, Morgana M. Trexler, and Steven M. Storck

Subjects
Shape memory alloys, NiTi, Alloy doping, Self-actuation, Panel array, Additive manufacturing, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Transformational advances in additive manufacturing combined with the unique functional behavior of shape memory alloys (SMAs) has propelled the field of 4D printing “smart” materials. In this study, we leverage multiple processing pathways with additive manufacturing to design and fabricate SMA components capable of precise, self-guided shape change that could actuate large-scale (up to 25 × 25 × 33 cm3) structures under external thermal stimuli. The dual benefits of minor alloy doping (

Published
2021
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4. Development of a 16-channel matrix of photodetection sensors for medical imaging and astrophysical applications.

Author

Giovanni Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, Carla Aramo, Elisabetta Bissaldi, A. Boiano, Carmela Bonavolontà, C. de Lisio, Leonardo Di Venere, E. Fiandrini, N. Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, Maria Ionica, Francesco Licciulli, Serena Loporchio, V. Masone, M. Mongelli, R. Paoletti, V. Postolache, A. Rugliancich, Valerio Vagelli, and M. Valentino

Published
2017
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5. Compliance and non-compliance in the transport of animals in the Calabria Region

Author

M. Ragusa, F. Castagna, F. Trimboli, M. Valentino, S. Russo, and Antonio Pogliese

Subjects
animal transport, animal welfare, official controls, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Despite the strict rules of the current legislation, road transport origins countless stress factors to animals. The purpose of this retrospective study is to assess the current welfare conditions during animal transport in Calabria and all related operations in the three years 2013-2015.The results showed that during this period 2015 the checks carried out by regional police are increased whereas sanctions imposed are decreased. The most frequent irregularities registered regard documentations (74.8%), animal welfare irregularities shows low incidence (6.5%), and percentage of irregularities regarding inadequate of the vehicle is halved in 2014 and 2015 respect to 2013. Data reported demonstrate the need for the competent Authorities to continue in their inspection actions in order to contrast the irregularities in the animal transport and improve animal welfare.

Published
2019
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6. High-Density Near-Ultraviolet Silicon Photomultipliers: Characterization of photosensors for Cherenkov light detection

Author

G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, C. Aramo, B. Bertucci, E. Bissaldi, M. Bitossi, A. Boiano, C. Bonavolontà, M. Capasso, A. Circiello, L. Consiglio, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Fiandrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, S. Incardona, M. Ionica, F. Licciulli, S. Loporchio, G. Marsella, V. Masone, F.R. Pantaleo, R. Paoletti, B. Ruggiero, A. Rugliancich, P. Silvestrini, L. Stiaccini, J. Tasseva, L. Tosti, G. Tripodo, V. Vagelli, and M. Valentino

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon photomultipliers, Cherenkov telescopes, Very-high-energy astrophysics, Instrumentation
Published
2023

7. Mineralogy and petrogenesis of fracture coatings in Athabasca Group sandstones from the McArthur River uranium deposit

Author

David Quirt, Nicholas Joyce, T. Kurt Kyser, Tom Kotzer, Matthew I. Leybourne, Philip Lypaczewski, Daniel Layton-Matthews, and M. Valentino

Subjects
Geochemistry and Petrology, Fracture (mineralogy), Group (stratigraphy), Geochemistry, Geology, Uranium deposit, Petrogenesis
Abstract

The McArthur River unconformity-related uranium deposit, located in the Athabasca Basin of Saskatchewan, Canada, is structurally hosted near the unconformity between Archean to Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary basement and the Proterozoic Athabasca Group sandstones. In this study, the mineralogy and geochemistry of fracture materials within the entire ca. 550 m thickness of the Athabasca Group sandstones and the metasedimentary (host) rocks from the McArthur River area were used to determine the paragenetic sequence and origin of minerals in and near the fractures. Our work sought to determine if the host minerals record elements associated with the uranium deposit at depth and if they could be used to guide exploration (vectoring). Fracture orientations indicate that most are moderately dipping ( Seven types of fracture fillings were identified from drill core intersecting the Athabasca Basin and present distinct colors, mineralogy, and chemical features. Brown (Type 1) and pink (Type 7) fractures host paragenetically late botryoidal goethite, Mn oxide minerals, and poorly crystallized kaolinite that formed from relatively recent low-temperature meteoric fluids, as indicated by poor crystallinity and low δ2H values of –198 to –115‰. These minerals variably replaced higher temperature minerals that are rarely preserved on the fractures or in wall rock near the fractures. Hydrothermal alteration associated with the mineralizing system at ca. 200 °C is recorded in assemblages of dickite, well-crystallized kaolinite, and spherulitic dravite in some white and yellow (Type 2) and white (Type 3) fractures, as reflected by the crystal habits and variable δ2H values of –85 to –44‰. Fibrous goethite in white and yellow (Type 2) and black and orange (Type 5) fractures and microfibrous Mn oxy-hydroxide minerals in black (Type 4) fractures also crystallized from hydrothermal fluids, but at temperatures less than 200 °C. White and yellow fractures (Type 2) containing fibrous goethite reflect fracture networks indicative of hydrothermal fluids associated with the mineralizing system during primary dispersion of pathfinder elements and therefore extend the deposit footprint. Brown (Type 1) and pink (Type 7) fractures have low δ2H values in botryoidal goethite and poorly crystallized kaolinite and are indicative of the movement of meteoric waters. Secondary dispersion of elements from the deposit to the surface on some fractures is evidence that fractures are pathways for element migration from the deposit to the surface, over distances exceeding ∼500 m.

Published
2021
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8. Nanotwin formation in Ni–Mo–W alloys deposited by dc magnetron sputtering

Author

Ankur Chauhan, Gianna M. Valentino, Timothy P. Weihs, Pralav P. Shetty, Jessica A. Krogstad, and Kevin J. Hemker

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Nanostructure, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Alloy, Metals and Alloys, 02 engineering and technology, Sputter deposition, Nanoindentation, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Grain size, Mechanics of Materials, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, General Materials Science, Texture (crystalline), 0210 nano-technology, Deposition (chemistry)
Abstract

Nanotwinned metals and alloys have an attractive suite of properties, but the formation of the underlying nanostructure is generally dependent on the alloy chemistry and processing conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of deposition rate on nanotwin formation in sputter deposited Ni84Mo11W5 that possess ultrahigh strength and stability. Deposition rates of 0.5–2.3 nm/s were examined and the grain size, texture, twin spacing and hardness were characterized. Minimal variations in the underlying nanostructure and attendant hardness were observed, elucidating a wide processing window and the importance of chemistry on the formation of nanotwins in this alloy.

Published
2020
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9. Fabrication of Freestanding Metallic Ni-Mo-W Microcantilever Beams With High Dimensional Stability

Author

Gianna M. Valentino, Kevin J. Hemker, Pralav P. Shetty, and Jessica A. Krogstad

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Microelectromechanical systems, Materials science, Fabrication, Wafer bonding, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Sputtering, Residual stress, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photolithography, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microfabrication
Abstract

Recent studies have elucidated a promising balance of physical and mechanical properties of sputter deposited nickel-molybdenum-tungsten (Ni-Mo-W) films that have a unique nanotwinned microstructure and promising potential for use in high temperature microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The current study was undertaken to establish the feasibility of making nanotwinned Ni-Mo-W microcantilevers with standard microfabrication processing, to assess their dimensional stability, and to demonstrate the possibility of using nanotwinned Ni-Mo-W in metal MEMS devices. Deposition of Ni-Mo-W films in commercial sputtering chambers revealed a wide processing window for the formation of the requisite nanotwinned microstructure. Conventional photolithography and etchants were employed to shape blanket Ni-Mo-W films into freestanding microcantilever beams. Monitoring microcantilever deflections via interferometry provided a direct measure of residual stresses and overall dimensional stability. Heat treatments of 200°C and 400°C were used to mimic wafer bonding temperatures. At 400°C, microcantilevers exhibited modest stress relaxation, yielding beam deflection profiles on the nanometer scale and portending dimensional stability and control for future metal MEMS devices.

Published
2020
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10. X-shooter Spectroscopy and HST Imaging of 15 Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z ≳ 2

Author

Mikkel Stockmann, Sune Toft, Anna Gallazzi, Stefano Zibetti, Christopher J. Conselice, Berta Margalef-Bentabol, Johannes Zabl, Inger Jørgensen, Georgios E. Magdis, Carlos Gómez-Guijarro, Francesco M. Valentino, Gabriel B. Brammer, Daniel Ceverino, Isabella Cortzen, Iary Davidzon, Richardo Demarco, Andreas Faisst, Michaela Hirschmann, Jens-Kristian Krogager, Claudia D. Lagos, Allison W. S. Man, Carl J. Mundy, Yingjie Peng, Jonatan Selsing, Charles L. Steinhardt, and Kathrine E. Whitaker

Published
2019
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11. Fourier ptychographic microscope allows multi-scale monitoring of cells layout onto micropatterned substrates

Author

D. Pirone, V. Bianco, M. Valentino, M. Mugnano, V. Pagliarulo, P. Memmolo, L. Miccio, P. Ferraro, Pirone, D., Bianco, V., Valentino, M., Mugnano, M., Pagliarulo, V., Memmolo, P., Miccio, L., and Ferraro, P.

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2022

13. Cherenkov Telescope Array : the World’s largest VHE gamma-ray observatory

Author

Roberta Zanin, H. Abdalla, H. Abe, S. Abe, A. Abusleme, F. Acero, A. Acharyya, V. Acin Portella, K. Ackley, R. Adam, C. Adams, S.S. Adhikari, I. Aguado Ruesga, I. Agudo, R. Aguilera, A. Aguirre Santaella, F. Aharonian, A. Alberdi, R. Alfaro, J. Alfaro, C. Alispach, R. Aloisio, R. Alves Batista, J.P. Amans, L. Amati, E. Amato, L. Ambrogi, G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, R. Ammendola, J. Anderson, M. Anduze, E.O. Anguner, L.A. Antonelli, V. Antonuccio, P. Antoranz, R. Anutarawiramkul, J. Aragunde Gutierrez, C. Aramo, A. Araudo, M. Araya, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, V. Arendt, C. Armand, T. Armstrong, F. Arqueros, L. Arrabito, B. Arsioli, M. Artero, K. Asano, Y. Ascasibar, J. Aschersleben, M. Ashley, P. Attina, P. Aubert, C. B. Singh, D. Baack, A. Babic, M. Backes, V. Baena, S. Bajtlik, A. Baktash, C. Balazs, M. Balbo, O. Ballester, J. Ballet, B. Balmaverde, A. Bamba, R. Bandiera, A. Baquero Larriva, P. Barai, C. Barbier, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Barcelo, M. Barkov, M. Barnard, L. Baroncelli, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, P.I. Batista, I. Batkovic, C. Bauer, R. Bautista González, J. Baxter, U. Becciani, J. Becerra González, Y. Becherini, G. Beck, J. Becker Tjus, W. Bednarek, A. Belfiore, L. Bellizzi, R. Belmont, W. Benbow, D. Berge, E. Bernardini, M.I. Bernardos, K. Bernlöhr, A. Berti, M. Berton, B. Bertucci, V. Beshley, N. Bhatt, S. Bhattacharyya, W. Bhattacharyya, B. Y. Bi, G. Bicknell, N. Biederbeck, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. Bird, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, M. Bitossi, O. Blanch, M. Blank, J. Blazek, J. Bobin, C. Boccato, F. Bocchino, C. Boehm, M. Bohacova, C. Boisson, J. Boix, J.P. Bolle, J. Bolmont, G. Bonanno, C. Bonavolontà, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, J. Borkowski, R. Bose, D. Bose, Z. Bosnjak, E. Bottacini, Markus Böttcher, M.T. Botticella, C. Boutonnet, F. Bouyjou, V. Bozhilov, E. Bozzo, L. Brahimi, C. Braiding, S. Brau Nogue, S. Breen, J. Bregeon, M. Breuhaus, A. Brill, W. Brisken, E. Brocato, A.M. Brown, K. Brügge, P. Brun, F. Brun, L. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, P. Bruno, A. Bruno, A. Bruzzese, N. Bucciantini, J. H. Buckley, R. Bühler, A. Bulgarelli, T. Bulik, M. Bünning, M. Bunse, M. Burton, A. Burtovoi, M. Buscemi, S. Buschjager, G. Busetto, J. Buss, K. Byrum, A. Caccianiga, F. Cadoux, A. Calanducci, C. Calderon, J. Calvo Tovar, R. A. Cameron, P. Campana, R. Canestrari, F. Cangemi, B. Cantlay, M. Capalbi, M. Capasso, M. Cappi, A. Caproni, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Caraveo, V. Cárdenas, L. Cardiel, M. Cardillo, C. Carlile, S. Caroff, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, E. Carquin, M. Carrere, J.M. Casandjian, S. Casanova, F. Cassol, F. Catalani, O. Catalano, D. Cauz, A. Ceccanti, C. Celestino Silva, K. Cerny, M. Cerruti, E. Chabanne, P. Chadwick, Y. Chai, P. Chambery, C. Champion, S. Chaty, A. Chen, K. Cheng, M. Chernyakova, G. Chiaro, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, V.R. Chitnis, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, S. Cikota, A. Circiello, P. Clark, M. Colak, E. Colombo, S. Colonges, A. Comastri, A. Compagnino, V. Conforti, E. Congiu, R. Coniglione, J. Conrad, F. Conte, J.L. Contreras, P. Coppi, R. Cornat, J. Coronado Blazquez, J. Cortina, A. Costa, H. Costantini, G. Cotter, B. Courty, S. Covino, S. Crestan, P. Cristofari, R. Crocker, J. Croston, K. Cubuk, O. Cuevas, X. Cui, G. Cusumano, S. Cutini, G. D'Amico, F. D'Ammando, P. D'Avanzo, P. Da Vela, M. Dadina, S. Dai, M. Dalchenko, M. Dall'Ora, M.K. Daniel, J. Dauguet, I. Davids, J. Davies, B. Dawson, A. De Angelis, A.E. de Araujo Carvalho, M. de Bony de Lavergne, G. De Cesare, F. de Frondat, I. de la Calle, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, B. De Lotto, A. De Luca, D. De Martino, M. de Naurois, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, F. De Palma Persio, N. De Simone, V. de Souza Valle, E. Delagnes, G. Deleglise Reznicek, C. Delgado, A.G. Delgado Giler, J. Delgado Mengual Valle, Domenico Della Volpe, D. Depaoli, J. Devin, T. Di Girolamo, C. Di Giulio Pierro, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, C. Dib, S. Diebold, S. Digel, A. Djannati Atai, J. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, K. Docher, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, J.L. Dournaux, T. Downes, G. Drake, H. Drass, D. Dravins, C. Duangchan, A. Duara, G. Dubus, L. Ducci, C. Duffy, D. Dumora, K. Dundas Mora, A. Durkalec, V.V. Dwarkadas, J. Ebr, C. Eckner, J. Eder, E. Edy, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, C. Eleftheriadis, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, D. Emmanoulopoulos, J.P. Ernenwein, M. Errando, P. Escarate, J. Escudero, C. Espinoza, S. Ettori, A. Eungwanichayapant, P. Evans, C. Evoli, M. Fairbairn, D. Falceta Goncalves, A. Falcone, V. Fallah Ramazanı, R. Falomo, K. Farakos, G. Fasola, A. Fattorini, Y. Favre, R. Fedora, E. Fedorova, K. Feijen, Q. Feng, G. Ferrand, G. Ferrara, O. Ferreira, M. Fesquet, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, M. Filipovic, D. Fink, J.P. Finley, V. Fioretti, D.F.G. Fiorillo, M. Fiorini, S. Flis, H. Flores, L. Foffano, C. Fohr, M.V. Fonseca, L. Font, G. Fontaine, O. Fornieri, P. Fortin, L. Fortson, N. Fouque, B. Fraga, A. Franceschini, F.J. Franco, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fresnillo, D. Fugazza, Y. Fujita, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, D. Fulla, S. Funk, A. Furniss, S. Gabici, D. Gaggero, G. Galanti, P. Galdemard, Y. A. Gallant, D. Galloway, S. Gallozzi, V. Gammaldi, R. Garcia, L. E. García-Muñoz, E. Garcia Lopez, F. Gargano, C. Gargano, S. Garozzo, D. Gascon, T. Gasparetto, D. Gasparrini, H. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Geffroy, A. Gent, S. Germani, A. Ghalumyan, A. Ghedina, G. Ghirlanda, F. Gianotti, S. Giarrusso, M. Giarrusso, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, V. Gika, F. Gillardo, R. Gimenes, F. Giordano, E. Giro, M. Giroletti, Andrea Giuliani, M. Gjaja, J.F. Glicenstein, P. Gliwny, H. Goksu, P. Goldoni, J.L. Gomez, M.M. Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Gonzalez, K.S. Gothe, D. Gotz Coelho, T. Grabarczyk, R. Graciani, P. Grandi, G. Grasseau, D. Grasso, D. Green, J. Green, T. Greenshaw, P. Grespan, A. Grillo, M.H. Grondin, J. Grube, V. Guarino, B. Guest, O. Gueta, M. Günduz, S. Gunji, G. Gyuk, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, L. Hagge, A. Hahn, J.E. Hajlaoui, A. Halim, P. Hamal, W. Hanlon, Y. Harada, M.J. Hardcastle, M. Harvey Collado, T. Haubold, A. Haupt, M. Havelka, K. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, H. He, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, F. Henault, Gilles Henri, G. Hermann, S. Hernández Cadena, J. Herrera Llorente, O. Hervet, J. Hinton, A. Hiramatsu, K. Hirotani, B. Hnatyk, R. Hnatyk, J.K. Hoang, D. H.H. Hoffmann, C. Hoischen, J. Holder, M. Holler, B. Hona, D. Horan, Dieter Horns, P. Horvath, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, Y. Huang, J.‑M. Huet, G. Hughes, G. Hull, T.B. Humensky, M. Hütten, M. Iarlori, J.M. Illa, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, F. Incardona, A. Ingallinera, S. Inoue, T. Inoue, Y. Inoue, F. Iocco, K. Ioka, M. Ionica, S. Iovenitti, A. Iriarte, K. Ishio, W. Ishizaki, Y. Iwamura, J. Jacquemier, M. Jacquemont, M. Jamrozy, P. Janecek, F. Jankowsky, A. JardinBlicq, C. Jarnot, P. Jean Martínez, L. Jocou, N. Jordana, M. Josselin, I. JungRichardt, F.J.P.A. Junqueira, C. Juramy Gilles, P. Kaaret, L.H.S. Kadowaki, M. Kagaya, R. Kankanyan, D. Kantzas, V. Karas, A. Karastergiou, S. Karkar, J. Kasperek, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, K. Katarzynski, S. Katsuda, N. Kawanaka, D. Kazanas, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, M.C. Kherlakian, T.P. Kian, D.B. Kieda, T. Kihm, S. Kim, S. Kisaka, R. Kissmann, R. Kleijwegt, G. Kluge, W. Kluźniak, J. Knapp, A. Kobakhidze, Y. Kobayashi, B. Koch, J. Kocot, K. Kohri, N. Komin, A. Kong, K. Kosack, F. Krack, M. Krause, F. Krennrich, H. Kubo, V. N. Kudryavtsev, S. Kunwar, J. Kushida, P. Kushwaha, Barbera Parola, G. La Rosa, R. Lahmann, A. Lamastra, M. Landoni, D. Landriu, R.G. Lang, J. Lapington, P. Laporte, P. Lason, J. Lasuik, J. Lazendic Galloway, T. Le Flour, P. Le Sidaner, S. Leach, S.H. Lee, W.H. Lee, S. Lee Oliveira, A. Lemiere, M. Lemoine Goumard, J.P. Lenain, F. Leone, V. Leray, G. Leto, F. Leuschner, R. Lindemann, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, I. Liodakis, A. Lipniacka, M. Lobo, Thomas Lohse, S. Lombardi, A. Lopez, M. Lopez, R. Lopez Coto, F. Louis, M. Louys, F. Lucarelli, H. Ludwig Boudi, P.L. Luque Escamilla, M.C. Maccarone, E. Mach, A.J. Maciejewski, J. Mackey, P. Maeght, C. Maggio, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, R. Malta Nunes de Almeida, D. Malyshev, D. Mandat, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, P. Manigot, K. Mannheim, N. Maragos, D. Marano, M. Marconi, A. Marcowith, M. Marculewicz, B. Marcun, J. Marin, N. Marinello, P. Marinos, S. Markoff, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. M. Martin, P. G. Martin, M. Martinez, G. Martinez, O. Martinez, H. Martinez Huerta, C. Marty, R. Marx, N. Masetti, P. Massimino, H. Matsumoto, N. Matthews, G. Maurin, W. Max Moerbeck, N. Maxted, M.N. Mazziotta, S.M. Mazzola, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, L. Mc Comb, I. McHardy, S. McKeague, S. McMuldroch, E. Medina, D. Medina Miranda, A. Melandri, C. Melioli, D. Melkumyan, S. Menchiari, S. Mereghetti, G. Merino Arevalo, E. Mestre, J.L. Meunier, T. Meures, S. Micanovic, M. Miceli, M. Michailidis, J. Michalowski, T. Miener, I. Mievre, J. D. Miller, T. Mineo, M. Minev, J.M. Miranda, A. Mitchell, T. Mizuno, B. A. Mode, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, E. Molinari, T. Montaruli, I. Monteiro, C. Moore, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende Parrilla, E. Moretti, K. Mori, P. Moriarty, K. Morik, P. Morris, A. Morselli, K. Mosshammer, R. Mukherjee, J. Muller, C. Mundell, J. Mundet, T. Murach, A. Muraczewski, H. Muraishi, I. Musella, A. Musumarra, A. Nagai, S. Nagataki, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, K. Nakashima, K. Nakayama, N. Nakhjiri, G. Naletto, D. Naumann, L. Nava, M.A. Nawaz, H. Ndiyavala, D. Neise, L. Nellen, R. Nemmen, N. Neyroud, K. Ngernphat, T. Nguyen Trung, L. Nicastro, L. Nickel, J. Niemiec, D. Nieto, C. Nigro, M. Nikołajuk, D. Ninci, K. Noda, Y. Nogami, S. Nolan, R. P. Norris, D. Nosek, M. Nöthe, V. Novotny, S. Nozaki, F. Nunio, P. O'Brien, K. Obara, Y. Ohira, M. Ohishi, S. Ohm, T. Oka, N. Okazaki, A. Okumura, C. Oliver, G. Olivera, B. Olmi, M. Orienti, R. Orito, M. Orlandini, E. Orlando, J.P. Osborne, M. Ostrowski, N. Otte, E. Ovcharov, E. Owen, I. Oya, A. Ozieblo, M. Padovani, A. Pagliaro, A. Paizis, M. Palatiello, M. Palatka, E. Palazzi, J.‑L. Panazol, D. Paneque, S. Panny, Francesca Romana Pantaleo, M. Panter, M. Paolillo, A. Papitto, A. Paravac, J.M. Paredes, G. Pareschi, N. Parmiggiani, R.D. Parsons, P. Paśko, S. R. Patel, B. Patricelli, L. Pavletic, S. Pavy, A. Peer, M. Pecimotika, M.G. Pellegriti, P. Peñil Del Campo, A. Pepato, S. Perard, C. Perennes, M. Peresano, A. Perez Aguilera, J. Perez Romero, M.A. Perez Torres, M. Persic, P. O. Petrucci, O. Petruk, B. Peyaud, K. Pfrang, E. Pian, P. Piatteli, E. Pietropaolo, R. Pillera, D. Pimentel, F. Pintore, C. Pio Garcia, G. Pirola, F. Piron, S. Pita, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Pollo, M. Polo, C. Pongkitivanichkul, J. Porthault, J. Powell, D. Pozo, R.R. Prado, E. Prandini, J. Prast, K. Pressard, G. Principe, N. Produit, D. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, H. Przybilski, E. Pueschel, G. Pühlhofer, I. Puljak, M.L. Pumo, M. Punch, F. Queiroz, J. Quinn, A. Quirrenbach, P.J. Rajda, R. Rando, S. Razzaque, S. Recchia, P. Reichherzer, O. Reimer, A. Reisenegger, Q. Remy, M. Renaud, T. Reposeur, B. Reville, J.M. Reymond, J. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, M. Ribo, G. Richards, J. Rico, F. Rieger, L. Riitano, M. Riquelme, D. Riquelme, S. Rivoire, V. Rizi, E. Roache, M. Roche, J. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, J.J. Rodriguez Vazquez, G. Rojas, P. Romano, G. Romeo Lobato, C. Romoli, M. Roncadelli, J. Rosado, A. Rosales de Leon, G. Rowell, A. Rugliancich, J.E. Ruiz del Mazo, C. Rulten, C. Russell, F. Russo Hatlen, S. Safi Harb, L. Saha, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, T. Saito, N. Sakaki, S. Sakurai, G. Salina, H. Salzmann, D. Sanchez, H. Sandaker, A. Sandoval, P. Sangiorgi, M. Sanguillon, H. Sano, M. Santander, A. Santangelo, R. Santos Lima, A. Sanuy, L. Sapozhnikov, T. Saric, S. Sarkar, H. Sasaki, N. Sasaki, Y. Sato, F.G. Saturni, M. Sawada, J. Schaefer, A. Scherer, J. Scherpenberg, P. Schipani, B. Schleicher, J. Schmoll, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovanek, F. Schussler, B. Schwab, U. Schwanke, J. Schwarz, E. Sciacca, S. Scuderi, M. Seglar Arroyo, I. Seitenzahl, D. Semikoz, O. Sergijenko, J.E. Serna Franco, Karol Seweryn, V. Sguera, A. Shalchi, R.Y. Shang, P. Sharma, L. Sidoli, J. Sieiro, H. Siejkowski, A. Sillanpaa, B.B. Singh, K.K. Singh, A. Sinha, C. Siqueira, J. Sitarek, P. Sizun, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, R.W. Sobrinho, H. Sol, G. Sottile, H. Spackman, S. Spencer, G. Spengler, D. Spiga, W. Springer, A. Stamerra, S. Stanic, R. Starling, Ł. Stawarz, Stanislav Stefanik, C. Stegmann, A. Steiner, S. Steinmassl, C. Stella, R. Sternberger, M. Sterzel, C. Stevens, B. Stevenson, T. Stolarczyk, G. Stratta, U. Straumann, J. Striskovic, M. Strzys, R. Stuik, M. Suchenek, Y. Sunada, Tiina Suomijarvi, T. Suric, H. Suzuki, P. Swierk, T. Szepieniec, K. Tachihara, G. Tagliaferri, H. Tajima, N. Tajima, D. Tak, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, T. Tam, M. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, M. Tavani, F. Tavecchio, T. Tavernier, A. Russ Taylor, L.A. Tejedor, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, J.C. Terrazas, R. Terrier, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, D. Thibaut, F. Thocquenne, W. Tian, L. Tibaldo, A. Tiengo, M. Tluczykont, C.J. Todero Peixoto, K. Toma, L. Tomankova, J. Tomastik, M. Tornikoski, D.F. Torres, E. Torresi, G. Tosti, L. Tosti, N. Tothill, F. Toussenel, G. Tovmassian, C. Trichard, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, S. Truzzi, A. Tsiahina, B. Turk, A. Tutone, Y. Uchiyama, P. Utayarat, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, V. Vagelli, F. Vagnetti, J.A. Valdivia, M. Valentino, A. Valio, B. Vallage, P. Vallania Quispe, A.M. van den Berg, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, C. van Rensburg, Brian van Soelen, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Vasileiadis, V. Vassiliev, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, A. Vega, J. Veh, P. Veitch, C. Venter, S. Ventura, S. Vercellone, V. Verguilov, G. Verna, S. Vernetto, V. Verzi, G.P. Vettolani, C. Veyssiere, I. Viale, A. Viana, N. Viaux, J. Vignatti, C.F. Vigorito, J. Villanueva, V. Vitale, V. Vittorini, V. Vodeb, N. Vogel, V. Voisin, S. Vorobiov, M. Vrastil, T. Vuillaume, S.J. Wagner, P. Wagner, K. Wakazono, S.P. Wakely, M. Ward, D. Warren, J. Watson, M. Wechakama, P. Wegner, A. Weinstein, C. Weniger, F. Werner, H. Wetteskind, M. L. White, A. Wierzcholska, S. Wiesand, R. Wijers, M. Wilkinson, M. Will, J. Williams, T. J. Williamson, A. Wolter, Y.W. Wong, M. Wood, T. Yamamoto, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yamane, R. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, L. Yang, S. Yoo, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, P. Yu, A. Yusafzai, Michael Zacharias, B. Zaldivar, L. Zampieri, R. Zanin, R. Zanmar Sanchez, D. Zaric, M. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, Andrzej Zdziarski, A. Zech, H. Zechlin, A. Zenin, A. Zerwekh, K. Ziętara, A. Zink, J. Ziolkowski, M. Zivec, A. Zmija, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie CTA Observatory, CTA Consortium i LST Collaboration w liczbie 1139, Astronomy, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
Physics, Observatory, Gamma ray, Astronomy
Abstract

Very-high Energy (VHE) gamma-ray astroparticle physics is a relatively young field, and observations over the past decade have surprisingly revealed almost two hundred VHE emitters which appear to act as cosmic particle accelerators. These sources are an important component of the Universe, influencing the evolution of stars and galaxies. At the same time, they also act as a probe of physics in the most extreme environments known - such as in supernova explosions, and around or after the merging of black holes and neutron stars. However, the existing experiments have provided exciting glimpses, but often falling short of supplying the full answer. A deeper understanding of the TeV sky requires a significant improvement in sensitivity at TeV energies, a wider energy coverage from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV and a much better angular and energy resolution with respect to the currently running facilities. The next generation gamma-ray observatory, the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), is the answer to this need. In this talk I will present this upcoming observatory from its design to the construction, and its potential science exploitation. CTAO will allow the entire astronomical community to explore a new discovery space that will likely lead to paradigm-changing breakthroughs. In particular, CTA has an unprecedented sensitivity to short (sub-minute) timescale phenomena, placing it as a key instrument in the future of multi-messenger and multi-wavelength time domain astronomy. I will conclude the talk presenting the first scientific results obtained by the LST-1, the prototype of one CTAO telescope type - the Large-Sized Telescope, that is currently under commission., PoS: Proceedings of Science, 395, ISSN:1824-8039, Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)

Published
2022

14. Assembly and performance of SiPM arrays for the prototype SCT proposed for CTA

Author

G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, C. Aramo, W. Benbow, B. Bertucci, E. Bissaldi, M. Bitossi, A. Boiano, C. Bonavolontà, R.A. Cameron, M. Capasso, L. Consiglio, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Fiandrini, A. Furniss, A. Gent, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, W. Hanlon, O. Hervet, S. Incardona, M. Ionica, W. Jin, D. Kieda, F. Licciulli, S. Loporchio, G. Marsella, V. Masone, B.A.W. Mode, R. Mukherjee, F.R. Pantaleo, R. Paoletti, D. Ribeiro, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, L. Stiaccini, L.P. Taylor, L. Tosti, G. Tripodo, V. Vagelli, M. Valentino, J. Vandenbroucke, V.V. Vassiliev, and D.A. Williams

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon photomultipliers, Cherenkov telescopes array, Very high-energy astrophysics, Silicon photomultipliers, Cherenkov telescopes array, Very high-energy astrophysics, Instrumentation
Published
2022

19. Detection of the Crab Nebula by the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope

Author

G. Pareschi, Manel Errando, Corbin Covault, F. Di Pierro, S. I. Mognet, V. Masone, N. Giglietto, D. B. Kieda, L. Di Venere, E. Roache, M. Ambrosio, Julien Rousselle, Justin Vandenbroucke, D. Ribeiro, N. Otte, Maria Ionica, Alasdair E. Gent, F. R. Pantaleo, Enrico Giro, A. Boiano, K. Meagher, Serena Loporchio, E. Fiandrini, H. Tajima, Valerio Vagelli, Atsushi Okumura, Marcos Santander, B. A. W. Mode, Luca Tosti, S. Incardona, L. P. Taylor, E. Pueschel, G. Ambrosi, David A. Williams, M. Capasso, V. V. Vassiliev, M. Bitossi, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, J. H. Buckley, A. Brill, A. M. Brown, G. Tripodo, W. Jin, G. Marsella, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, S. J. Fegan, Richard Bose, R. Shang, D. Depaoli, R. Paoletti, Jamie Holder, Rodolfo Canestrari, F. Licciulli, Andrea Rugliancich, Thomas Meures, M. Valentino, Amy Furniss, Olivier Hervet, C. B. Adams, Carla Aramo, R. A. Cameron, Q. Feng, T. B. Humensky, Elisabetta Bissaldi, L. Stiaccini, A. Zink, Reshmi Mukherjee, G. H. Tovmassian, L. Riitano, Ferdinando Giordano, R. Halliday, and M. Caprai

Subjects
astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Pixel, business.industry, Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Crab Nebula, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, law, Observatory, Angular resolution, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, astro-ph.IM, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a medium-sized telescope technology proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It uses a novel dual-mirror optical design that removes comatic aberrations across its entire field of view. The SCT camera employs high-resolution silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) sensors with a pixel size of 4 arcminutes. A prototype SCT (pSCT) has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Arizona, USA. An observing campaign in 2020, with a partial camera of 1600 pixels (2.7 degrees by 2.7 degrees field of view) resulted in detection of the Crab Nebula at 8.6 sigma statistical significance. Work on the pSCT camera and optical system is ongoing to improve performance and prepare for an upcoming camera upgrade. The pSCT camera upgrade will replace the current camera modules with improved SiPMs and readout electronics and will expand the camera to its full design field of view of 8 degrees in diameter (11,328 pixels). The fully upgraded pSCT will enable next-generation very-high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics through excellent background rejection and angular resolution. In this presentation we describe first results from the successful operation of the pSCT and future plans., 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, contribution to ICRC 2021, similar to 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2021.102562 (arXiv:2012.08448)

Published
2021

20. Improved ion-exchange column chromatography for Cu purification from high-Na matrices and isotopic analysis by MC-ICPMS

Author

Donald Chipley, Matthew I. Leybourne, J.A. Kidder, Alexandre Voinot, Daniel Layton-Matthews, Kaj Sullivan, and M. Valentino

Subjects
Reproducibility, Chromatography, Ion exchange, Isotope, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Metallome, Artificial seawater, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Salinity, Seawater, Ion-exchange resin, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Measurements of Cu isotopes from low concentration and high salinity matrices require high recovery and purity, prior to measurement. An automated two-stage chromatographic procedure, combining a pre-purification stage to remove the majority of matrix elements (AG® 50W-X12), with an adaptation of an existing method using anion exchange resin AG®MP-1 has been used to overcome these problems. A series of matrices were tested, from low (river water) to high salinity (synthetic seawater, human serum), using several standards and reference materials such as Trace Metals 1 (−0.21‰ ± 0.08 2SD), SLRS-5 (+0.30‰ ± 0.05 2SD), Seronorm™ (−0.25‰ ± 0.04 2SD), and NASS-7 seawater, doped with ERM®-AE633 (0.00‰ ± 0.14 2SD). Results demonstrated highly pure (>98%) Cu separations, low procedure blanks (

Published
2020
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21. Influence of Fe Buffer Layer on Co-Doped BaFe2As2 Superconducting Thin Films

Author

C. Bonavolontà, C. de Lisio, M. Valentino, F. Laviano, G. P. Pepe, F. Kurth, K. Iida, A. Ichinose, and I. Tsukada

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A systematic characterization of Co-doped BaFe2As2 (Ba-122) thin films has been carried out. Two samples were available, one grown on CaF2 substrate and the other on MgO with an Fe buffer layer. The goal was to investigate films’ magnetic and superconducting properties, their reciprocal interplay, and the role played by the Fe buffer layer in modifying them. Morphological characterization and Energy Dispersive X-ray analyses on the Fe-buffered sample demonstrate the presence of diffused Fe close to the Co-doped Ba-122 outer surface as well as irregular holes in the overlying superconducting film. These results account for hysteresis loops obtained with magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements and observed at both room and low temperatures. The magnetic pattern was visualized by magneto-optical imaging with an indicator film. Moreover, we investigated the onset of superconductivity through a measure of the superconducting energy gap. The latter is strictly related to the decay time of the excitation produced by an ultrashort laser pulse and has been determined in a pump-probe transient reflectivity experiment. A comparison of results relative to Co-doped Ba-122 thin films with and without Fe buffer layer is finally reported.

Published
2015
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22. Monocyte expressed macromolecular C1 and C1q receptors as molecular sensors of danger: Implications in SLE.

Author

Berhane eGhebrehiwet, Kinga K Hosszu, Alisa M Valentino, Yan eJi, and Ellinor I.B. Peerschke

Subjects
c1q, DC and C1, Monocyte C1, C1q in SLE, C1q in autoimmunity, C1q and C1q receptors, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

The ability of circulating blood monocytes to express C1q receptors (cC1qR and gC1qR)synthesize and secrete the classical pathway proteins C1q, C1r and C1s and their regulator, C1-INH is very well established. What is intriguing however is that, in addition to secretion of the individual proteins monocytes are able to display macromolecular C1 on their surface in a manner that is stable and functional. The cell surface C1 complex is presumably formed by a Ca2+–dependent association of the C1r2.C1s2 tetramer to C1q, which in turn is anchored via a membrane-binding domain located in the N-terminus of its A-chain as shown previously. Monocytes, which circulate in the blood for 1-3 days before they move into tissues throughout the body, not only serve as precursors of macrophages and dendritic cells, but also fulfill three main functions in the immune system: phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine production. Since the globular heads of C1q within the membrane associated C1 are displayed outwardly, we hypothesize that their main function-especially in circulating monocytes–is to recognize and capture circulating immune complexes or pathogen-associated molecular patterns in the blood. This in turn may give crucial signal, which drives the monocytes to migrate into tissues, differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells, and initiate the process of antigen elimination. Unoccupied C1q on the other hand may serve to keep monocytes in a pre-dendritic phenotype by silencing key molecular players thus ensuring that unwarranted DC-driven immune response does not occur. In this paper we will discuss the role of monocyte/DC-associated C1q receptors, macromolecular C1 as well as secreted C1q in both innate and acquired immune responses.

Published
2014
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23. Reduced graphene oxide on silicon-based structure as novel broadband photodetector

Author

Paolo Silvestrini, Antonio Vettoliere, Carla Aramo, Giuseppe Falco, Berardo Ruggiero, M. Valentino, Ivo Rendina, Carmela Bonavolontà, Bonavolontà, Carmela, Vettoliere, Antonio, Falco, Giuseppe, Aramo, Carla, Rendina, Ivo, Ruggiero, Berardo, Silvestrini, Paolo, and Valentino, Massimo

Subjects
Materials for devices, Materials science, Band gap, Science, Photodetector, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, Responsivity, law, Band diagram, Spin coating, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Graphene, Heterojunction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Optical properties and devices, Medicine, Optoelectronics, Electronic properties and devices, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Heterojunction photodetector based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been realized using a spin coating technique. The electrical and optical characterization of bare GO and thermally reduced GO thin films deposited on glass substrate has been carried out. Ultraviolet–visible–infrared transmittance measurements of the GO and rGO thin films revealed broad absorption range, while the absorbance analysis evaluates rGO band gap of about 2.8 eV. The effect of GO reduction process on the photoresponse capability is reported. The current–voltage characteristics and the responsivity of rGO/n-Si based device have been investigated using laser diode wavelengths from UV up to IR spectral range. An energy band diagram of the heterojunction has been proposed to explain the current versus voltage characteristics. The device demonstrates a photoresponse at a broad spectral range with a maximum responsivity and detectivity of 0.20 A/W and 7 × 1010 cmHz/W, respectively. Notably, the obtained results indicate that the rGO based device can be useful for broadband radiation detection compatible with silicon device technology.

Published
2021
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25. Dual roles of an algal farming damselfish as a cultivator and opportunistic browser of an invasive seaweed.

Author

Kimberly A Peyton, Lauren M Valentino, and Karen P Maruska

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Herbivory is a fundamental process determining reef resilience, and while algal farming damselfishes can help shape benthic assemblages, an understanding of their contribution to areas outside of defended territories is relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate how the farming damselfish Stegastes marginatus plays a dual role in benthic structuring by 1) contributing to persistence of the invasive macroalga Acanthophora spicifera within a Hawaiian marine protected area, where the macroalga occurred exclusively inside Stegastes territories, and 2) behaving as an opportunistic browser of the exotic alga outside their territorial borders. Greater than 50% of the biomass of tethered A. spicifera was consumed within one-hour when placed outside Stegastes territories, compared to

Published
2014
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26. Detection of the Crab Nebula with the 9.7 m prototype Schwarzschild-Couder telescope

Author

Gagik Tovmassian, F. Di Pierro, V. Masone, M. Ambrosio, C. B. Adams, N. La Palombara, A. Brill, Amy Furniss, K. Meagher, Marcos Santander, Nicola Giglietto, Olivier Hervet, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, S. I. Mognet, Maria Ionica, A. Bouvier, S. P. Wakely, Vladimir Vassiliev, F. R. Pantaleo, Fernando Garfias, Alasdair E. Gent, Akira Okumura, S. Loporchio, A. Kuznetsov, J. Thornhill, J. H. Buckley, R. A. Cameron, L. Stiaccini, E. Fiandrini, E. Pueschel, S. Schlenstedt, R. J. White, L. Di Venere, Thomas Meures, G. Ambrosi, Arturo Iriarte, Daniel Nieto, M. Valentino, Riccardo Paoletti, Q. Feng, S. J. Fegan, A. Boiano, V. J. Guarino, David Kieda, G. Hughes, Julien Rousselle, G. Sironi, Justin Vandenbroucke, V. Vagelli, R. Shang, Enrico Giro, B. A. W. Mode, T. B. Humensky, A. Petrashyk, W. Jin, Maria Magdalena González, N. Otte, M. Caprai, Stefan Funk, M. Bitossi, D. Ribeiro, Karen Byrum, B. Bertucci, G. Pareschi, Andrea Rugliancich, Manel Errando, D. Depaoli, E. Roache, J. Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, T. C. Arlen, Michael Schneider, Jason John Watson, T. Nguyen, B. Stevenson, Jonathan Biteau, L. Tosti, Reshmi Mukherjee, David A. Williams, Jonathan S. Lapington, P. Kaaret, C. A. Johnson, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Gordon T. Richards, P. Fortin, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, Salvo Scuderi, G. M. Foote, Hiroyasu Tajima, Richard Bose, Jamie Holder, R. Halliday, P. Yu, Rodolfo Canestrari, Ruben Alfaro, D. Ross, A. Zink, P. Wilcox, P. I. Batista, Matthew Wood, P. T. Reynolds, B. Kim, F. Licciulli, L. P. Taylor, A. M. Brown, M. Capasso, Corbin Covault, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Cherenkov Telescope Array, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Field of view, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Primary mirror, law, Observatory, pixel, 0103 physical sciences, optical, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, photomultiplier: silicon, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], mirror, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, resolution, Astronomy and Astrophysics, radiation: Cherenkov, aberration, cascade, observatory, Crab Nebula, gamma ray: emission, cosmic radiation, atmosphere, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], statistical
Abstract

The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a telescope concept proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It employs a dual-mirror optical design to remove comatic aberrations over an $8^{\circ}$ field of view, and a high-density silicon photomultiplier camera (with a pixel resolution of 4 arcmin) to record Cherenkov emission from cosmic ray and gamma-ray initiated particle cascades in the atmosphere. The prototype SCT (pSCT), comprising a 9.7 m diameter primary mirror and a partially instrumented camera with 1536 pixels, has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory. The telescope was inaugurated in January 2019, with commissioning continuing throughout 2019. We describe the first campaign of observations with the pSCT, conducted in January and February of 2020, and demonstrate the detection of gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula with a statistical significance of $8.6\sigma$., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Astroparticle Physics

Published
2021
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27. Can social innovation make a change in European and Mediterranean marginalized areas?:social innovation impact assessment in agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and rural development

Author

Ravazzoli, E. (Elisa), Dalla Torre, C. (Cristina), Da Re, R. (Riccardo), Govigli, V. M. (Valentino Marini), Secco, L. (Laura), Górriz-Mifsud, E. (Elena), Pisani, E. (Elena), Barlagne, C. (Carla), Baselice, A. (Antonio), Bengoumi, M. (Mohammed), Dijskhoorn-Dekker, M. (Marijke), Labidi, A. (Arbia), Lopolito, A. (Antonio), Melnykovych, M. (Mariana), Perlik, M. (Manfred), Polman, N. (Nico), Sarkki, S. (Simo), Vassilopoulos, A. (Achilleas), Koundouri, P. (Phoebe), Miller, D. (David), Streifeneder, T. (Thomas), and Nijnik, M. (Maria)

Subjects
European societal challenges, institutional impacts, sustainability challenges, societal well-being, local level, marginalization, environmental impacts, socio-economic impacts, social innovation
Abstract

Social innovation (SI) impacts are long-term changes that affect different dimensions of territorial capital (i.e., economy, society, environment, governance) for the territory in which SI occurs. Yet, systematic empirical evidence and theoretically sound assessments of the impacts of SI are scarce. This paper aims to fill the gap and assess the different aspects of SI’s impacts in European and Mediterranean areas that are characterized by marginalization processes. To assess the impacts of SI in marginalized areas, we use the evaluation framework developed within the Social Innovation in Marginalized Rural Areas (SIMRA) Horizon 2020 project and apply it to nine SI initiatives related to the fields of agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and rural development. Our findings show that SI produces cross-sectoral (societal, economic, environmental, and governmental) and multi-level impacts (on individuals, community, and society), which have improved the societal well-being, and contributed to the reduction of certain forms of marginality, mainly inside the territory in which SI occurred.

Published
2021

28. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation

Author

J.-P. Lenain, A. Domínguez, Jonathan Ivor Davies, T. Armstrong, A. A. Zdziarski, F. Gianotti, M. Balbo, E. O. Angüner, M. Marculewicz, Alasdair E. Gent, Alice Donini, Olivier Hervet, Henry Przybilski, Giacomo Principe, G. Leto, M. Peresano, Stefano Covino, P. A. Caraveo, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, D. de Martino, V. V. Vassiliev, D. Cauz, F. R. Pantaleo, U. Barres de Almeida, Pietro Bruno, E. Lindfors, M. Zavrtanik, G. Hughes, Miriam Lucio Martinez, P. Bordas, Y. Suda, G. S. Varner, R. Rando, K. Cerny, S. Pita, Csaba Balázs, E. Fiandrini, Michael Backes, Tomohiko Oka, Massimo Persic, Andrea Chiavassa, Johannes Veh, A. Stamerra, Fabrizio Tavecchio, B. Biasuzzi, Michael Punch, Soebur Razzaque, F. D'Ammando, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, F. Longo, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, P. Sangiorgi, E. M. Santos, D. Nosek, Gagik Tovmassian, J. L. Dournaux, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, A. Aguirre-Santaella, M. Orienti, Lluis Font, Andreas Quirrenbach, Philippe Laporte, Ralf Kissmann, Francesco Lucarelli, K. Noda, I. Jiménez Martínez, G. Romeo, Wystan Benbow, P. Romano, B. Bi, J. Grube, H.-S. Zechlin, Giacomo Bonnoli, Martin White, J. P. Osborne, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, C. Alispach, Miroslav Pech, O. Cuevas, Petr Schovanek, K. Hayashi, V. I. Zhdanov, Javier Coronado-Blázquez, D. Medina Miranda, Barbara Balmaverde, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Frank M. Rieger, A. Shalchi, J. M. Paredes, Ruben Alfaro, N. Giglietto, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Ayan Acharyya, Dominik Elsässer, S. Vercellone, D. Pimentel, T. Mizuno, Alessandro Bruno, Juan Abel Barrio, K. Kosack, Mauro Orlandini, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, P. Marquez, Adrian Biland, Y. Kobayashi, Nicholas F. H Tothill, M. de Naurois, Daniele Spiga, Lili Yang, L. Tibaldo, Pavel Horvath, M. Lopez, I. Sadeh, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Reshmi Mukherjee, Gianpaolo Vettolani, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. Hnatyk, German Martinez, Diego F. Torres, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, N. Parmiggiani, G. Lamanna, Marcos Santander, S. Fegan, I. Vovk, M. Sánchez-Conde, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Norita Kawanaka, R. C. Shellard, Michael C. B. Ashley, J. Jurysek, Francisco J. Franco, Samuel Timothy Spencer, E. Rebert, J. Morales Merino, M. Pecimotika, Marco Berton, Regis Terrier, G. A. Beck, Carlos Díaz, J. L. Contreras, G. Zaharijas, R. Moderski, José-María Martí, A. Insolia, D. Zavrtanik, K. Kohri, Ladislav Chytka, T. Grabarczyk, A. Zech, M. Garczarczyk, Anastasia Sokolenko, J. Lefaucheur, R. A. Cameron, Moritz Hütten, S. Karkar, K. Pfrang, V. Poireau, Asaf Pe'er, A. Reimer, Fabio Acero, L. Freixas Coromina, David Sánchez, Jonathan S. Lapington, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, J.R. Hörandel, Mario Buscemi, Francesco Dazzi, Abelardo Moralejo, J. Bolmont, R. White, A. Rosales de Leon, J. Prast, Sabrina Einecke, Roberto Aloisio, Yvonne Becherini, Andreas Specovius, Shohei Yanagita, Juan Cortina, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Janecek, D. Depaoli, Lucas Taylor, U. Schwanke, H. Abdalla, S. Recchia, Manuela Mallamaci, M. K. Daniel, Q. Feng, L. Baroncelli, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, Masatoshi Ohishi, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Nu. Komin, Federico Russo, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Y. Ohira, Ferdinando Giordano, Nagisa Hiroshima, E. Garcia, Gavin Rowell, V. Bozhilov, Maxim V. Barkov, Dario Hrupec, I. Oya, F. Salesa Greus, Anna Wolter, M. Živec, R. Belmont, R. Adam, T. Reposeur, J. Rico, A. W. Chen, G. Pühlhofer, H. Prokoph, Stefan Wagner, F. Di Pierro, Fabrizio Bocchino, M. de Bony de Lavergne, A. Kong, Masha Chernyakova, M. Pohl, M. Vazquez Acosta, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Jonathan Biteau, Martin Makariev, Catherine Boisson, E. Lyard, Gilles Maurin, H. Martínez-Huerta, Oscar Blanch, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, A. Berti, James E. M. Watson, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Valentino, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Elena Amato, M. V. Fonseca, Anderson Caproni, L. Mohrmann, P. Reichherzer, R. L. C. Starling, M. Seglar Arroyo, E. Orlando, B. Rudak, G. Emery, J. A. Green, Salvo Scuderi, M. Prouza, Tom Richtler, Bartłomiej Pilszyk, A. Carosi, Jacek Niemiec, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ambrosi, D. Ribeiro, A. Wierzcholska, A. Ghalumyan, Eugenio Bottacini, Sylvain Chaty, A. Baquero Larriva, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, Fabian Leuschner, T. Di Girolamo, Alessandro Caccianiga, Martin Will, Saverio Lombardi, A. Fiasson, Mitsunari Takahashi, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, B. De Lotto, V. De Caprio, Stefano Truzzi, Dirk L. Hoffmann, M. Vecchi, Antonio Pagliaro, Jose J. Gonzalez, Wenwu Tian, R. Della Ceca, J. Becerra González, S. Nozaki, T. Vuillaume, S. L. Lloyd, Maria Ionica, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Petr Travnicek, Y. Ascasibar, Carlo Vigorito, F. Tuossenel, Malcolm Fairbairn, O. Martinez, Marco Iarlori, Serena Loporchio, Alessandro Costa, R. Pillera, A. Morselli, M. Heller, Jaime Rosado, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, E. Molina, Takashi Saito, A. De Angelis, Thomas Murach, R. A. Ong, J. Bregeon, P. T. O'Brien, Mikael Jacquemont, P. Cristofari, Francesco Conte, Lab Saha, R. Walter, Vitalii Sliusar, W. Jin, Vito Conforti, N. Produit, H. Siejkowski, Lovro Pavletić, Carole Mundell, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. F. Glicenstein, Paresh Sharma, C. Delgado, Vladimír Karas, Luca Foffano, J. Granot, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, R. Wiemann, G. Manicò, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, Luca Tosti, Markus Böttcher, Andrea Bulgarelli, C. Díaz-Bahamondes, I. Jung-Richardt, Karol Seweryn, P. Piatteli, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Jan Ebr, M. Ostrowski, J. L. Rodriguez, D. della Volpe, Ermanno Pietropaolo, M. Caprai, T. Montaruli, A. Lopez, Rodrigo Nemmen, R. R. Prado, L. Arrabito, Atreyee Sinha, C. van Eldik, Serguei Vorobiov, Hidetoshi Sano, J. Alfaro, Sabrina Casanova, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, Valentina Fioretti, Carmelo Evoli, P. Kaaret, B. A. W. Mode, Agnieszka Majczyna, Sebastian Diebold, A. Scherer, F. de Palma, S. Hernández Cadena, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, David A. Williams, M. Capasso, A. Halim, Alison Mitchell, Tomislav Terzić, Paola Grandi, Lorenzo Amati, Christopher Eckner, David Gascon, K. Nishijima, J. Becker Tjus, B. Khélifi, G. Galanti, Jamie Holder, Vincenzo Rizi, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, F. Pintore, Utane Sawangwit, Vassil Verguilov, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, Daniel Kerszberg, P. M. Chadwick, D. Zarić, Marc Ribó, Olga Sergijenko, Dario Grasso, Hidetoshi Kubo, Daniela Dorner, T. Stolarczyk, M. Gaug, R. Alves Batista, Elisa Bernardini, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Jim Hinton, Jelena Strišković, Andreu Sanuy, M. Servillat, V. Barbosa Martins, Giovanni Bonanno, S. Gunji, R. Wischnewski, S. Sarkar, Gianluca Giavitto, Takeshi Nakamori, M. Palatka, Maria Letizia Pumo, Camilla Maggio, M. Zacharias, Katsuaki Asano, Valerio Vagelli, Anton Dmytriiev, Ryo Yamazaki, M. Vacula, P. Goldoni, Gilles Fontaine, Hiroshi Muraishi, D. Mazin, Samo Stanič, G. Ghirlanda, M. Polo, M. Nievas, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Oleh Petruk, Jose Miguel Miranda, M. Iori, A. Marcowith, Y. Renier, Satoshi Fukami, M. Roncadelli, F. Leone, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Ana Luiza d'Ávila Viana, Y. Fukui, Max Harvey, Sera Markoff, I. Agudo, P. Temnikov, Vincenzo Testa, R. López-Coto, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, V. Gammaldi, T. Hassan Collado, H. Abe, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, S. D. Vergani, Sasa Micanovic, P. Vallania, Marina Manganaro, Elena Torresi, M. Giarrusso, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, B. Patricelli, Matteo Cerruti, N. La Palombara, D. Morcuende-Parrilla, V. de Souza, Toshiaki Inada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Werner Hofmann, Michele Doro, E. Pueschel, A. Araudo, E. Sciacca, Thomas Lohse, A. Djannati-Ataï, Abdalla, H., Abe, H., Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Adam, R., Agudo, I., Aguirre-Santaella, A., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Ang??ner, E. O., Araudo, A., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ascas??bar, Y., Ashley, M., Backes, M., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Baquero Larriva, A., Barbosa Martins, V., Barkov, M., Baroncelli, L., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batista, P. -I., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Becherini, Y., Beck, G., Becker Tjus, J., Belmont, R., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Bi, B., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Bocchino, F., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonanno, G., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottacini, E., B??ttcher, M., Bozhilov, V., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Bruno, P., Bruno, A., Bulgarelli, A., Burton, M., Buscemi, M., Caccianiga, A., Cameron, R., Capasso, M., Caprai, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cauz, D., Cerny, K., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, P., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Chiavassa, A., Chytka, L., Conforti, V., Conte, F., Contreras, J. L., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Covino, S., Cristofari, P., Cuevas, O., D'Ammando, F., Daniel, M. K., Davies, J., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Bony de Lavergne, M., De Caprio, V., de C??ssia dos Anjos, R., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de O??a Wilhelmi, E., De Palma, F., de Souza, V., Delgado, C., Della Ceca, R., della Volpe, D., Depaoli, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., D??az, C., D??az-Bahamondes, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Ata??, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dom??nguez, A., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J., Dwarkadas, V. V., Ebr, J., Eckner, C., Einecke, S., Ekoume, T. R. N., Els??sser, D., Emery, G., Evoli, C., Fairbairn, M., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Fioretti, V., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Franco, F. J., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Gammaldi, V., Garcia, E., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gaug, M., Gent, A., Ghalumyan, A., Ghirlanda, G., Gianotti, F., Giarrusso, M., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glicenstein, J., Goldoni, P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gourgouliatos, K., Grabarczyk, T., Grandi, P., Granot, J., Grasso, D., Green, J., Grube, J., Gueta, O., Gunji, S., Halim, A., Harvey, M., Hassan Collado, T., Hayashi, K., Heller, M., Hern??ndez Cadena, S., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hnatyk, R., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Holder, J., Horan, D., H??randel, J., Horvath, P., Hovatta, T., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., H??tten, M., Iarlori, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Insolia, A., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Jacquemont, M., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jim??nez Mart??nez, I., Jin, W., Jung-Richardt, I., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Karas, V., Karkar, S., Kawanaka, N., Kerszberg, D., Kh??lifi, B., Kissmann, R., Kn??dlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kosack, K., Kubo, H., La Palombara, N., Lamanna, G., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lefaucheur, J., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J., Leone, F., Leto, G., Leuschner, F., Lindfors, E., Lloyd, S., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., L??pez, M., L??pez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Lucarelli, F., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maggio, C., Majczyna, A., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Manic??, G., Marcowith, A., Marculewicz, M., Markoff, S., Marquez, P., Mart??, J., Martinez, O., Mart??nez, M., Mart??nez, G., Mart??nez-Huerta, H., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Mbarubucyeye, J. D., Medina Miranda, D., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Mode, B., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morales Merino, J., Morcuende-Parrilla, D., Morselli, A., Mukherjee, R., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Muraishi, H., Nagai, A., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas, M., Nikolajuk, M., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nozaki, S., O'Brien, P., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Oka, T., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, E., Osborne, J. P., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatka, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paredes, J. M., Parmiggiani, N., Patricelli, B., Pavleti??, L., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piatteli, P., Pietropaolo, E., Pillera, R., Pilszyk, B., Pimentel, D., Pintore, F., Pita, S., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Polo, M., Prado, R. R., Prast, J., Principe, G., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Pueschel, E., P??hlhofer, G., Pumo, M. L., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Rebert, E., Recchia, S., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, O., Reimer, A., Renier, Y., Reposeur, T., Rhode, W., Ribeiro, D., Rib??, M., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Ramirez, J. C., Rodr??guez V??zquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rosales de Leon, A., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rujopakarn, W., Russo, F., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Salesa Greus, F., Sanchez, D., S??nchez-Conde, M., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santos, E. M., Sanuy, A., Sarkar, S., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Scherer, A., Schleicher, B., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Seglar Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Sharma, P., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sinha, A., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sokolenko, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spiga, D., Stamerra, A., Stani??, S., Starling, R., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Stri??kovi??, J., Suda, Y., wierk, P., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terrier, R., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tian, W., Tibaldo, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Truzzi, S., Tuossenel, F., Umana, G., Vacula, M., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., van Eldik, C., Varner, G. S., Vassiliev, V., V??zquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Verguilov, V., Vettolani, G. P., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vorobiov, S., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Watson, J., White, M., White, R., Wiemann, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Wolter, A., Yamazaki, R., Yanagita, S., Yang, L., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zaharijas, G., Zaric, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zhdanov, V. I., ivec, M., Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Batista, R. A., Anguner, E. O., Ascasibar, Y., Larriva, A. B., Martins, V. B., De Almeida, U. B., Gonzalez, J. B., Tjus, J. B., Arbeletche, L. B., Bottcher, M., Angelis, A. D., De Lavergne, M. D. B., Caprio, V. D., De Dos Anjos, R. C., De Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., Lotto, B. D., Martino, D. D., De Naurois, M., Wilhelmi, E. D. O., DE PALMA, F., De Souza, V., Ceca, R. D., Volpe, D. D., Girolamo, T. D., Pierro, F. D., Diaz, C., Diaz-Bahamondes, C., Djannati-Atai, A., Dominguez, A., Elsasser, D., Coromina, L. F., Gonzalez, J. M., Collado, T. H., Cadena, S. H., Horandel, J., Hutten, M., Martinez, I. J., Khelifi, B., Knodlseder, J., Palombara, N. L., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Manico, G., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Miranda, D. M., Merino, J. M., Pavletic, L., Puhlhofer, G., Ribo, M., Fernandez, G. R., Ramirez, J. C. R., Vazquez, J. J. R., De Leon, A. R., Greus, F. S., Sanchez-Conde, M., Arroyo, M. S., Stanic, S., Striskovic, J., Swierk, P., Eldik, C. V., Acosta, M. V., Zivec, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdalla H., Abe H., Acero F., Acharyya A., Adam R., Agudo I., Aguirre-Santaella A., Alfaro R., Alfaro J., Alispach C., Aloisio R., Batista R.A., Amati L., Amato E., Ambrosi G., Anguner E.O., Araudo A., Armstrong T., Arqueros F., Arrabito L., Asano K., Ascasibar Y., Ashley M., Backes M., Balazs C., Balbo M., Balmaverde B., Larriva A.B., Martins V.B., Barkov M., Baroncelli L., De Almeida U.B., Barrio J.A., Batista P.-I., Gonzalez J.B., Becherini Y., Beck G., Tjus J.B., Belmont R., Benbow W., Bernardini E., Berti A., Berton M., Bertucci B., Beshley V., Bi B., Biasuzzi B., Biland A., Bissaldi E., Biteau J., Blanch O., Bocchino F., Boisson C., Bolmont J., Bonanno G., Arbeletche L.B., Bonnoli G., Bordas P., Bottacini E., Bottcher M., Bozhilov V., Bregeon J., Brill A., Brown A.M., Bruno P., Bruno A., Bulgarelli A., Burton M., Buscemi M., Caccianiga A., Cameron R., Capasso M., Caprai M., Caproni A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta R., Caraveo P., Carosi R., Carosi A., Casanova S., Cascone E., Cauz D., Cerny K., Cerruti M., Chadwick P., Chaty S., Chen A., Chernyakova M., Chiaro G., Chiavassa A., Chytka L., Conforti V., Conte F., Contreras J.L., Coronado-Blazquez J., Cortina J., Costa A., Costantini H., Covino S., Cristofari P., Cuevas O., D'Ammando F., Daniel M.K., Davies J., Dazzi F., Angelis A.D., De Lavergne M.D.B., Caprio V.D., De Dos Anjos R.C., De Gouveia Dal Pino E.M., Lotto B.D., Martino D.D., De Naurois M., Wilhelmi E.D.O., Palma F.D., De Souza V., Delgado C., Ceca R.D., Volpe D.D., Depaoli D., Girolamo T.D., Pierro F.D., Diaz C., Diaz-Bahamondes C., Diebold S., Djannati-Atai A., Dmytriiev A., Dominguez A., Donini A., Dorner D., Doro M., Dournaux J., Dwarkadas V.V., Ebr J., Eckner C., Einecke S., Ekoume T.R.N., Elsasser D., Emery G., Evoli C., Fairbairn M., Falceta-Goncalves D., Fegan S., Feng Q., Ferrand G., Fiandrini E., Fiasson A., Fioretti V., Foffano L., Fonseca M.V., Font L., Fontaine G., Franco F.J., Coromina L.F., Fukami S., Fukazawa Y., Fukui Y., Gaggero D., Galanti G., Gammaldi V., Garcia E., Garczarczyk M., Gascon D., Gaug M., Gent A., Ghalumyan A., Ghirlanda G., Gianotti F., Giarrusso M., Giavitto G., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Glicenstein J., Goldoni P., Gonzalez J.M., Gourgouliatos K., Grabarczyk T., Grandi P., Granot J., Grasso D., Green J., Grube J., Gueta O., Gunji S., Halim A., Harvey M., Collado T.H., Hayashi K., Heller M., Cadena S.H., Hervet O., Hinton J., Hiroshima N., Hnatyk B., Hnatyk R., Hoffmann D., Hofmann W., Holder J., Horan D., Horandel J., Horvath P., Hovatta T., Hrabovsky M., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Hutten M., Iarlori M., Inada T., Inoue S., Insolia A., Ionica M., Iori M., Jacquemont M., Jamrozy M., Janecek P., Martinez I.J., Jin W., Jung-Richardt I., Jurysek J., Kaaret P., Karas V., Karkar S., Kawanaka N., Kerszberg D., Khelifi B., Kissmann R., Knodlseder J., Kobayashi Y., Kohri K., Komin N., Kong A., Kosack K., Kubo H., Palombara N.L., Lamanna G., Lang R.G., Lapington J., Laporte P., Lefaucheur J., Lemoine-Goumard M., Lenain J., Leone F., Leto G., Leuschner F., Lindfors E., Lloyd S., Lohse T., Lombardi S., Longo F., Lopez A., Lopez M., Lopez-Coto R., Loporchio S., Lucarelli F., Luque-Escamilla P.L., Lyard E., Maggio C., Majczyna A., Makariev M., Mallamaci M., Mandat D., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Manico G., Marcowith A., Marculewicz M., Markoff S., Marquez P., Marti J., Martinez O., Martinez M., Martinez G., Martinez-Huerta H., Maurin G., Mazin D., Mbarubucyeye J.D., Miranda D.M., Meyer M., Micanovic S., Miener T., Minev M., Miranda J.M., Mitchell A., Mizuno T., Mode B., Moderski R., Mohrmann L., Molina E., Montaruli T., Moralejo A., Merino J.M., Morcuende-Parrilla D., Morselli A., Mukherjee R., Mundell C., Murach T., Muraishi H., Nagai A., Nakamori T., Nemmen R., Niemiec J., Nieto D., Nievas M., Nikolajuk M., Nishijima K., Noda K., Nosek D., Nozaki S., O'Brien P., Ohira Y., Ohishi M., Oka T., Ong R.A., Orienti M., Orito R., Orlandini M., Orlando E., Osborne J.P., Ostrowski M., Oya I., Pagliaro A., Palatka M., Paneque D., Pantaleo F.R., Paredes J.M., Parmiggiani N., Patricelli B., Pavletic L., Pe'Er A., Pech M., Pecimotika M., Peresano M., Persic M., Petruk O., Pfrang K., Piatteli P., Pietropaolo E., Pillera R., Pilszyk B., Pimentel D., Pintore F., Pita S., Pohl M., Poireau V., Polo M., Prado R.R., Prast J., Principe G., Produit N., Prokoph H., Prouza M., Przybilski H., Pueschel E., Puhlhofer G., Pumo M.L., Punch M., Queiroz F., Quirrenbach A., Rando R., Razzaque S., Rebert E., Recchia S., Reichherzer P., Reimer O., Reimer A., Renier Y., Reposeur T., Rhode W., Ribeiro D., Ribo M., Richtler T., Rico J., Rieger F., Rizi V., Rodriguez J., Fernandez G.R., Ramirez J.C.R., Vazquez J.J.R., Romano P., Romeo G., Roncadelli M., Rosado J., De Leon A.R., Rowell G., Rudak B., Rujopakarn W., Russo F., Sadeh I., Saha L., Saito T., Greus F.S., Sanchez D., Sanchez-Conde M., Sangiorgi P., Sano H., Santander M., Santos E.M., Sanuy A., Sarkar S., Saturni F.G., Sawangwit U., Scherer A., Schleicher B., Schovanek P., Schussler F., Schwanke U., Sciacca E., Scuderi S., Arroyo M.S., Sergijenko O., Servillat M., Seweryn K., Shalchi A., Sharma P., Shellard R.C., Siejkowski H., Sinha A., Sliusar V., Slowikowska A., Sokolenko A., Sol H., Specovius A., Spencer S., Spiga D., Stamerra A., Stanic S., Starling R., Stolarczyk T., Straumann U., Striskovic J., Suda Y., Swierk P., Tagliaferri G., Takahashi H., Takahashi M., Tavecchio F., Taylor L., Tejedor L.A., Temnikov P., Terrier R., Terzic T., Testa V., Tian W., Tibaldo L., Tonev D., Torres D.F., Torresi E., Tosti L., Tothill N., Tovmassian G., Travnicek P., Truzzi S., Tuossenel F., Umana G., Vacula M., Vagelli V., Valentino M., Vallage B., Vallania P., Eldik C.V., Varner G.S., Vassiliev V., Acosta M.V., Vecchi M., Veh J., Vercellone S., Vergani S., Verguilov V., Vettolani G.P., Viana A., Vigorito C.F., Vitale V., Vorobiov S., Vovk I., Vuillaume T., Wagner S.J., Walter R., Watson J., White M., White R., Wiemann R., Wierzcholska A., Will M., Williams D.A., Wischnewski R., Wolter A., Yamazaki R., Yanagita S., Yang L., Yoshikoshi T., Zacharias M., Zaharijas G., Zaric D., Zavrtanik M., Zavrtanik D., Zdziarski A.A., Zech A., Zechlin H., Zhdanov V.I., Zivec M., ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUS, BRA, BGR, CHL, HRV, FIN, JPN, IRL, MEX, NAM, NLD, POL, CZE, SVN, SWE, CHE, UKR, Astronomy, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Gamma ray Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, axions, MATÉRIA ESCURA, redshift: dependence, Astronomy, Gamma ray experiments, gamma ray experiments, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Observatory, cosmological model: parameter space, gamma ray experiment, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, Cherenkov telescopes, IACT technique, Gamma rays, Cosmic rays, new physics, 4. Education, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, violation: Lorentz, 3. Good health, observatory, Extragalactic background light, astro-ph.CO, axion-like particles, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: propagation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, Axions, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, invariance: Lorentz, jet: relativistic, dark matter: halo, 0103 physical sciences, active galactic nuclei, extragalactic magnetic fields, AGN, Blazar, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, sensitivity, axion, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption, statistical, Blazars, Telescopes
Abstract

Full list of authors: Abdalla, H.; Abe, H.; Acero, F.; Acharyya, A.; Adam, R.; Agudo, I; Aguirre-Santaella, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Aloisio, R.; Batista, R. Alves; Amati, L.; Amato, E.; Ambrosi, G.; Anguner, E. O.; Araudo, A.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.; Arrabito, L.; Asano, K.; Ascasibar, Y.; Ashley, M.; Backes, M.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.; Balmaverde, B.; Baquero Larriva, A.; Martins, V. Barbosa; Barkov, M.; Baroncelli, L.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; Batista, P-, I; Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Becherini, Y.; Beck, G.; Tjus, J. Becker; Belmont, R.; Benbow, W.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Berton, M.; Bertucci, B.; Beshley, V; Bi, B.; Biasuzzi, B.; Biland, A.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Blanch, O.; Bocchino, F.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Arbeletche, L. Bonneau; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Bottacini, E.; Bottcher, M.; Bozhilov, V; Bregeon, J.; Brill, A.; Brown, A. M.; Bruno, P.; Bruno, A.; Bulgarelli, A.; Burton, M.; Buscemi, M.; Caccianiga, A.; Cameron, R.; Capasso, M.; Caprai, M.; Caproni, A.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Caraveo, P.; Carosi, R.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Cauz, D.; Cerny, K.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.; Chaty, S.; Chen, A.; Chernyakova, M.; Chiaro, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Chytka, L.; Conforti, V; Conte, F.; Contreras, J. L.; Coronado-Blazquez, J.; Cortina, J.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Covino, S.; Cristofari, P.; Cuevas, O.; D'Ammando, F.; Daniel, M. K.; Davies, J.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; de Lavergne, M. de Bony; De Caprio, V; dos Anjos, R. de Cassia; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia; De Lotto, B.; De Martino, D.; de Naurois, M.; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; De Palma, F.; de Souza, V; Delgado, C.; Della Ceca, R.; della Volpe, D.; Depaoli, D.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Pierro, F.; Diaz, C.; Diaz-Bahamondes, C.; Diebold, S.; Djannati-Atai, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Dominguez, A.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Dournaux, J.; Dwarkadas, V. V.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.; Einecke, S.; Ekoume, T. R. N.; Elsaesser, D.; Emery, G.; Evoli, C.; Fairbairn, M.; Falceta-Goncalves, D.; Fegan, S.; Feng, Q.; Ferrand, G.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.; Fioretti, V; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M., V; Font, L.; Fontaine, G.; Franco, F. J.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukui, Y.; Gaggero, D.; Galanti, G.; Gammaldi, V; Garcia, E.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gascon, D.; Gaug, M.; Gent, A.; Ghalumyan, A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, M.; Giavitto, G.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Glicenstein, J.; Goldoni, P.; Gonzalez, J. M.; Gourgouliatos, K.; Grabarczyk, T.; Grandi, P.; Granot, J.; Grasso, D.; Green, J.; Grube, J.; Gueta, O.; Gunji, S.; Halim, A.; Harvey, M.; Collado, T. Hassan; Hayashi, K.; Heller, M.; Cadena, S. Hernandez; Hervet, O.; Hinton, J.; Hiroshima, N.; Hnatyk, B.; Hnatyk, R.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Horandel, J.; Horvath, P.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Hughes, G.; Hutten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Insolia, A.; Ionica, M.; Iori, M.; Jacquemont, M.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Jimenez Martinez, I; Jin, W.; Jung-Richardt, I; Jurysek, J.; Kaaret, P.; Karas, V; Karkar, S.; Kawanaka, N.; Kerszberg, D.; Khelifi, B.; Kissmann, R.; Knodlseder, J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kohri, K.; Komin, N.; Kong, A.; Kosack, K.; Kubo, H.; La Palombara, N.; Lamanna, G.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.; Leone, F.; Leto, G.; Leuschner, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lloyd, S.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez, A.; Lopez, M.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Loporchio, S.; Lucarelli, F.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lyard, E.; Maggio, C.; Majczyna, A.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Manico, G.; Marcowith, A.; Marculewicz, M.; Markoff, S.; Marquez, P.; Marti, J.; Martinez, O.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, G.; Martinez-Huerta, H.; Maurin, G.; Mazin, D.; Mbarubucyeye, J. D.; Miranda, D. Medina; Meyer, M.; Micanovic, S.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.; Mode, B.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Molina, E.; Montaruli, T.; Moralejo, A.; Morales Merino, J.; Morcuende-Parrilla, D.; Morselli, A.; Mukherjee, R.; Mundell, C.; Murach, T.; Muraishi, H.; Nagai, A.; Nakamori, T.; Nemmen, R.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nievas, M.; Nikolajuk, M.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nosek, D.; Nozaki, S.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Oka, T.; Ong, R. A.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlandini, M.; Orlando, E.; Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I; Pagliaro, A.; Palatka, M.; Paneque, D.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paredes, J. M.; Parmiggiani, N.; Patricelli, B.; Pavletic, L.; Pe'er, A.; Pech, M.; Pecimotika, M.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Petruk, O.; Pfrang, K.; Piatteli, P.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pillera, R.; Pilszyk, B.; Pimentel, D.; Pintore, F.; Pita, S.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V; Polo, M.; Prado, R. R.; Prast, J.; Principe, G.; Produit, N.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Przybilski, H.; Pueschel, E.; Puehlhofer, G.; Pumo, M. L.; Punch, M.; Queiroz, F.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rando, R.; Razzaque, S.; Rebert, E.; Recchia, S.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, O.; Reimer, A.; Renier, Y.; Reposeur, T.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribo, M.; Richtler, T.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Rizi, V; Rodriguez, J.; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez; Ramirez, J. C. Rodriguez; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J.; Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Roncadelli, M.; Rosado, J.; de Leon, A. Rosales; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rujopakarn, W.; Russo, F.; Sadeh, I; Saha, L.; Saito, T.; Greus, F. Salesa; Sanchez, D.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sano, H.; Santander, M.; Santos, E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sarkar, S.; Saturni, F. G.; Sawangwit, U.; Scherer, A.; Schleicher, B.; Schovanek, P.; Schussler, F.; Schwanke, U.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi, S.; Arroyo, M. Seglar; Sergijenko, O.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shalchi, A.; Sharma, P.; Shellard, R. C.; Siejkowski, H.; Sinha, A.; Sliusar, V; Slowikowska, A.; Sokolenko, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Spiga, D.; Stamerra, A.; Starling, R.; Stolarczyk, T.; Straumann, U.; Striskovic, J.; Suda, Y.; Tagliaferri, G.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Taylor, L.; Tejedor, L. A.; Temnikov, P.; Terrier, R.; Terzic, T.; Testa, V; Tian, W.; Tibaldo, L.; Tonev, D.; Torres, D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, L.; Tothill, N.; Tovmassian, G.; Travnicek, P.; Truzzi, S.; Tuossenel, F.; Umana, G.; Vacula, M.; Vagelli, V.; Valentino, M.; Vallage, B.; Vallania, P.; van Eldik, C.; Varner, G. S.; Vassiliev, V.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Veh, J.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vettolani, G. P.; Viana, A.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vorobiov, S.; Vovk, I; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner, S. J.; Walter, R.; Watson, J.; White, M.; White, R.; Wiemann, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Wischnewski, R.; Wolter, A.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zaric, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhdanov, V., I; Zivec, M., The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the new-generation ground-based observatory for γ astronomy, provides unique capabilities to address significant open questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. We study some of the salient areas of γ cosmology that can be explored as part of the Key Science Projects of CTA, through simulated observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their relativistic jets. Observations of AGN with CTA will enable a measurement of γ absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical uncertainty below 15% up to a redshift z=2 and to constrain or detect γ halos up to intergalactic-magnetic-field strengths of at least 0.3 pG . Extragalactic observations with CTA also show promising potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The best limits on Lorentz invariance violation from γ astronomy will be improved by a factor of at least two to three. CTA will also probe the parameter space in which axion-like particles could constitute a significant fraction, if not all, of dark matter. We conclude on the synergies between CTA and other upcoming facilities that will foster the growth of γ cosmology. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab., We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants CATA AFB 170002, ANID PIA/APOYO AFB 180002, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants, 1161463, 1170171, 1190886, 1171421, 1170345, 1201582, Gemini-ANID 32180007, Chile; Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croa tia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS M2015046, LM2018105, LTT17006, EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016007 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754, Czech Republic; Academy of Finland (grant nr.317636 and 320045), Finland; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OCEVU, OSUG2020 and P2IO, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, J1-9146, J1-1700, N1-0111, and the Young Researcher program, Slovenia; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; The Spanish groups acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Research State Agency (AEI) through grants AYA2016-79724-C4-1-P, AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, BES-2016-076342, FPA2017-82729-C6-1-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-3-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-4-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, PGC2018-095161-B-I00, PGC2018-095512-B-I00, PID2019-107988GB-C22; the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” program through grants no. SEV-2016-0597, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2017-0709, CEX2019-000920-S; the “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu” program through grant no. MDM-2015-0509; the “Ramón y Cajal” programme through grants RYC-2013-14511, RYC-2017-22665; and the MultiDark Consolider Network FPA2017-90566-REDC. They also acknowledge the Atracción de Talento contract no. 2016-T1/TIC-1542 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; the “Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship” programme from La Caixa Bank ing Foundation, grants no. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630014 and LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012; the “Programa Operativo” FEDER 2014-2020, Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. 1257737), PAIDI 2020 (Ref. P18-FR-1580) and Universidad de Jaén; “Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente” FEDER 2014-2020 (Ref. ESFRI-2017-IAC-12), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, 15% co-financed by Consejería de Economía, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento del Gobierno de Canarias; the Spanish AEI EQC2018-005094-P FEDER 2014-2020; the European Union’s “Horizon 2020” research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 665919; and the ESCAPE project with grant no. GA:824064; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Soci ety, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements No 262053 and No 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement No 676134. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement GammaRayCascades No 843800. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.

Published
2021
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29. Prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array: Commissioning the Optical System

Author

M. Valentino, M. Capasso, R. A. Cameron, Q. Feng, Valerio Vagelli, L. P. Taylor, Daniel Nieto, K. Meagher, F. R. Pantaleo, N. Otte, F. Di Pierro, V. Masone, R. Shang, F. Licciulli, W. Jin, T. B. Humensky, R. Halliday, Andrea Rugliancich, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, Serena Loporchio, L. Stiaccini, A. Boiano, D. Depaoli, R. Paoletti, G. Marsella, A. Brill, Maria Ionica, David R. Williams, Olivier Hervet, B. A. W. Mode, Richard Bose, Corbin Covault, M. Ambrosio, Carla Aramo, M. Caprai, Luca Tosti, Thomas Meures, Peter Y. Yu, E. Roache, Reshmi Mukherjee, N. Giglietto, Rodolfo Canestrari, V. V. Vassiliev, Elisabetta Bissaldi, G. Ambrosi, G. H. Tovmassian, L. Riitano, Marcos Santander, Ferdinando Giordano, E. Pueschel, D. Ribeiro, G. Tripodo, S. J. Fegan, Amy Furniss, G. Pareschi, Manel Errando, S. I. Mognet, Alasdair E. Gent, E. Fiandrini, S. Incardona, D. B. Kieda, J. Vandenbroucke, Julien Rousselle, Enrico Giro, J. H. Buckley, M. Bitossi, C. Adams, Atsushi Okumura, and L. Di Venere

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, law, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Schwarzschild radius, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

A prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (pSCT) has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory as a candidate for the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). CTAO is currently entering early construction phase of the project and once completed it will vastly improve very high energy gamma-ray detection component in multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observations due to significantly improved sensitivity, angular resolution and field of view comparing to the current generation of the ground-based gamma-ray observatories H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS. The pSCT uses a dual aspheric mirror design with a $9.7$ m primary mirror and $5.4$ m secondary mirror, both of which are segmented. The Schwarzschild-Couder (SC) optical system (OS) selected for the prototype telescope achieves wide field of view of $8$ degrees and simultaneously reduces the focal plane plate scale allowing an unprecedented compact ($0.78$m diameter) implementation of the high-resolution camera ($6$mm/ $0.067$deg per imaging pixel with $11,328$ pixels) based on the silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs). The OS of the telescope is designed to eliminate spherical and comatic aberrations and minimize astigmatism to radically improve off-axis imaging and consequently angular resolution across all the field of view with respect to the conventional single-mirror telescopes. Fast and high imaging resolution OS of the pSCT comes with the challenging submillimeter-precision custom alignment system, which was successfully demonstrated with an on-axis point spread function (PSF) of $2.9$ arcmin prior to the first-light detection of the Crab Nebula in 2020. Ongoing and future commissioning activities are reported.

Published
2021

30. Alignment of the optical system of the 9.7-m prototype Schwarzchild-Coulder Telescope

Author

Alasdair E. Gent, E. Fiandrini, Arturo Iriarte, Thomas Meures, Olivier Hervet, R. Shang, M. Valentino, Reshmi Mukherjee, K. L. Byrum, Corbin Covault, Nicola Giglietto, S. J. Fegan, G. Hughes, G. H. Tovmassian, A. Petrashyk, Akira Okumura, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, G. Pareschi, J. Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, Daniel Nieto, B. Kim, G. Sironi, David Kieda, A. Brill, Ruben Alfaro, M. Caprai, Vladimir Vassiliev, N. La Palombara, Bruna Bertucci, S. Schlenstedt, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, L. P. Taylor, M. J. Martínez González, J. H. Buckley, Elisabetta Bissaldi, R. A. Cameron, A. Boiano, R. Halliday, Q. Feng, Amy Furniss, Richard Bose, Julien Rousselle, B. A. W. Mode, T. B. Humensky, W. Jin, D. Ribeiro, Justin Vandenbroucke, Maria Ionica, P. Wilcox, M. Ambrosio, L. Stiaccini, M. Capasso, S. P. Wakely, P. Kaaret, E. Roache, Valerio Vagelli, Fernando Garfias, F. R. Pantaleo, Andrea Rugliancich, Michele Limon, Marcos Santander, S. Loporchio, L. Di Venere, N. Otte, J. Powell, G. Ambrosi, Luca Tosti, B. Stevenson, M. Bitossi, C. Adams, M. Garczarczyk, Peter Y. Yu, R. Paoletti, Salvo Scuderi, David A. Williams, ITA, USA, FRA, DEU, ESP, JPN, and MEX

Subjects
Pixel, business.industry, Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Field of view, Gamma-ray astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Crab Nebula, Observatory, Sky, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, business, media_common
Abstract

The novel 9.7m Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT), utilizing aspheric dual-mirror optical system, has been constructed as a prototype medium size x-ray telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory. The prototype SCT (pSCT) is designed to achieve simultaneously the wide (>= 8°) field of view and the superior imaging resolution (0.067 per pixel) to significantly improve scientific capabilities of the observatory in conducting the sky surveys, the follow-up observations of multi-messenger transients with poorly known initial localization and the morphology studies of x-ray sources with angular extent. In this submission, we describe the hardware and software implementations of the telescope optical system as well as the methods specifically developed to align its complex optical system, in which both primary and secondary mirrors are segmented. The pSCT has detected Crab Nebula in June 2020 during ongoing commissioning, which was delayed due to worldwide pandemic and is not yet completed. Verification of pSCT performance is continuing and further improvement of optical alignment is anticipated.

Published
2020
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31. Verification of the Optical System of the 9.7-m Prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope

Author

C. Aramo, Thomas Brian Humensky, Giovanni Pareschi, L. Stiaccini, Carmela Bonavolontà, A. Rugliancich, M. Caprai, E. Fiandrini, David Kieda, Daniel Nieto, A. Furniss, M. Bitossi, G. Sironi, S. J. Fegan, Wystan Benbow, B. Stevenson, C. Adams, Markus Garczarczyk, Justin Vandenbroucke, Riccardo Paoletti, B. Kim, Elisabetta Bissaldi, L. Di Venere, A. Petrashyk, R. A. Cameron, M. Valentino, Vladimir Vassiliev, Gagik Tovmassian, A. Boiano, S. Loporchio, Corbin Covault, Nicola Giglietto, P. Wilcox, A. Iriarte, Francesco Giordano, Reshmi Mukherjee, F. Garfias, A. Brill, S. P. Wakely, T. Meures, P. Kaarat, R. Shang, Michele Limon, K. Powell, Marcos Santander, B. A. W. Mode, F. R. Pantaleo, D. A. Williams, Julien Rousselle, G. Hughes, O. Hervet, V. Masone, R. Halliday, R. Bose, Q. Feng, Jade Powell, J. H. Buckley, Salvo Scuderi, S. Schlenstedt, M. Ambrosio, Peter Y. Yu, M. Capasso, Akira Okumura, F. Licciulli, A. Gent, J. Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, L. P. Taylor, B. Bertucci, M. Ionica, N. Otte, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, N. La Palombara, Giovanni Ambrosi, W. Jin, Karen Byrum, L. Tosti, Ruben Alfaro, Maria Magdalena González, V. Vagelli, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), ITA, USA, FRA, DEU, ESP, JPN, and MEX

Subjects
Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, localization, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Observatory, pixel, optical, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], mirror, media_common, Physics, cascade: atmosphere, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, imaging, Active optics, alignment, Schwarzschild, observatory, Aplanatic Optical System, duality, history, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, Gamma Ray, Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes, Aperture, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cherenkov counter: atmosphere, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Angular resolution, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, business.industry, beam: width, 010401 analytical chemistry, resolution, sensitivity, 0104 chemical sciences, messenger, angular resolution, Sky, gamma ray, business
Abstract

For the first time in the history of ground-based $\gamma$-ray astronomy, the on-axis performance of the dual mirror, aspheric, aplanatic Schwarzschild-Couder optical system has been demonstrated in a $9.7$-m aperture imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope. The novel design of the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (pSCT) is motivated by the need of the next-generation Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory to have the ability to perform wide ($\geq 8^{\circ}$) field-of-view observations simultaneously with superior imaging of atmospheric cascades (resolution of $0.067^{\circ}$ per pixel or better). The pSCT design, if implemented in the CTA installation, has the potential to improve significantly both the $\gamma$-ray angular resolution and the off-axis sensitivity of the observatory, reaching nearly the theoretical limit of the technique and thereby making a major impact on the CTA observatory sky survey programs, follow-up observations of multi-messenger transients with poorly known initial localization, as well as on the spatially resolved spectroscopic studies of extended $\gamma$-ray sources. This contribution reports on the initial alignment procedures and point-spread-function results for the challenging segmented aspheric primary and secondary mirrors of the pSCT., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, proceedings for SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2020, Online Only

Published
2020
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33. Tailoring the mechanical properties of sputter deposited nanotwinned nickel-molybdenum-tungsten films

Author

Kevin J. Hemker, Gianna M. Valentino, Kelvin Y. Xie, Gi-Dong Sim, Suman Dasgupta, Timothy P. Weihs, and Jessica A. Krogstad

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Annealing (metallurgy), Metallurgy, Alloy, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Sputter deposition, engineering.material, Tungsten, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Grain growth, chemistry, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, Ceramics and Composites, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Ductility
Abstract

Advanced metallic alloys are attractive in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications that require high density, electrical and thermal conductivity, strength, and dimensional stability. Here we report the mechanical behavior of direct current (DC) magnetron sputter deposited Nickel (Ni)-Molybdenum (Mo)-Tungsten (W) films annealed at various temperatures. The films deposit as single-phase nanotwinned solid solutions and possess ultra-high tensile strengths of approximately 3 GPa, but negligible ductility. Subsequent heat treatments resulted in grain growth and nucleation of Mo-rich precipitates. While films annealed at 600 °C or 800 °C for 1 h still showed brittle behavior, films annealed at 1,000 °C for 1 h were found to exhibit strength greater than 1.2 GPa and near 10% tensile ductility. In addition to the excellent mechanical properties, alloy films further exhibit remarkably improved dimensional stability – a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and greater microstructural stability. An excellent balance between mechanical properties and dimensional stability make sputter deposited Ni-Mo-W alloys promising structural materials for MEMS applications.

Published
2018
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35. Controlled shape-morphing metallic components for deployable structures

Author

Douglas B. Trigg, Gianna M. Valentino, Chuck E. Hebert, A.M. Lennon, Ian McCue, Steven Storck, Morgana M. Trexler, Drew P. Seker, Salahudin Nimer, and James P. Mastandrea

Subjects
Materials science, Shape change, Additive manufacturing, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, NiTi, Thermal stimulation, Leverage (statistics), General Materials Science, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, 4d printing, Alloy doping, Mechanical Engineering, Shape-memory alloy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, SMA, 0104 chemical sciences, Morphing, Shape memory alloys, Mechanics of Materials, Self-actuation, TA401-492, Panel array, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Transformational advances in additive manufacturing combined with the unique functional behavior of shape memory alloys (SMAs) has propelled the field of 4D printing “smart” materials. In this study, we leverage multiple processing pathways with additive manufacturing to design and fabricate SMA components capable of precise, self-guided shape change that could actuate large-scale (up to 25 × 25 × 33 cm3) structures under external thermal stimuli. The dual benefits of minor alloy doping (

Published
2021
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36. Development of a SiPM based camera for Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

E. Fiandrini, C. de Lisio, Riccardo Paoletti, M. Valentino, M. Ambrosio, Nicola Giglietto, G. Ambrosi, Maria Ionica, D. Simone, Elisabetta Bissaldi, A. Bonavolontà, V. Postolache, A. Boiano, V. Masone, L. Di Venere, Valerio Vagelli, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, Ambrosi, G., Ambrosio, M., Aramo, C., Bissaldi, E., Boiano, A., Bonavolontà, A., de Lisio, C., Di Venere, L., Fiandrini, E., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Ionica, M., Masone, V., Paoletti, R., Postolache, V., Simone, D., Vagelli, V., and Valentino, M.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Micro cell, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Light detection, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Gamma-ray astronomy, Silicon Photomultipliers, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Silicon Photomultipliers, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) is involved in the development of a prototype for a SiPM-based camera for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), a new generation of telescopes for ground - based gamma ray astronomy. In this framework, an R&D program for the development of SiPMs suitable for Cherenkov light detection (Near-Ultraviolet SiPMs) has been carried out. The developed device is a High Density NUV-SiPM based on a micro cell of 30 μ m × 30 μ m and 6 mm × 6 mm area produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK). A full characterisation of the single SiPM will be presented and compared with the old technology (NUV-SiPM) and with other SiPMs commercially available. The NUV-HD SiPM will be tested in the pSCT (Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope prototype) for CTA which is leading to a camera concept based on 8 × 8 NUV-HD SiPM module as detection unit. An update on recent tests on the detectors arranged in this matrix configuration and on the front-end electronics will be given.

Published
2017
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37. Large area CNT-Si heterojunction for photodetection

Author

Michele Crivellari, M. Valentino, M. Ambrosio, C. Bonavolontà, Carla Aramo, P. Maddalena, Maurizio Passacantando, V. Grossi, C. de Lisio, Maurizio Boscardin, Aramo, C., Ambrosio, M., Bonavolontà, C., Boscardin, M., Crivellari, M., DE LISIO, Corrado, Grossi, V., Maddalena, Pasqualino, Passacantando, M., and Valentino, M.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Photodetector, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Carbon nanotube, Substrate (electronics), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Graphite, Instrumentation, Multiwall carbon nanotube, 010302 applied physics, Photocurrent, Physics, business.industry, Heterojunction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consist of multiple layers of graphite sheets arranged in concentric cylinders, from two to many tens. These systems are closely related to graphite layers but in some features, MWCNTs behave quite differently from graphite. In particular, their ability to generate a photocurrent in a wide wavelength range has been demonstrated either without or with the application of a draining voltage. In addition, the photocurrent signal has been found to reproduce the optical absorbance of MWCNTs, showing a maximum in the near UV region. In this paper main characteristics of a novel large area photodetector featuring low noise, high linearity and efficiency are reported. This detector has been obtained by coupling the optoelectronic characteristics of MWCNTs with the well-known properties of silicon. MWCNTs are growth on n-doped silicon layer by chemical vapour deposition creating a p–n heterojunction with high sensitivity to the radiation from UV to IR. An additional MIS junction is obtained with a metallic conductive layer deposited on the back of silicon substrate. Moreover, first results on the signals generated by pulsed laser are also reported.

Published
2017
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39. Life cycle of scientific publications in the field of high social impact

Author

L. De Petrocellis, Paolo Silvestrini, Umberto Amato, Antonio Vettoliere, S. Silvestrini, Carmela Bonavolontà, Carmine Granata, Berardo Ruggiero, J. Brocchieri, M. Valentino, Brunella Franco, Ruggiero, B., Amato, U., Franco, B., De Petrocellis, L., Vettoliere, A., Granata, C., Silvestrini, S., Bonavolonta, C., Valentino, M., Brocchieri, J., Silvestrini, P., and Bonavolontà, C.

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, Social impact, Computational intelligence, 02 engineering and technology, Industrial engineering, Field (computer science), Theoretical Computer Science, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Nanoelectronics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Geometry and Topology, Rate equation, Technological development analysis, Hype cycle mathematical model, Software
Abstract

In a previous work, we have presented an innovative theoretical model to describe the evolution of the life cycle of a new technology. We have proposed a mathematical approach based on a rate equation, similar to that used to describe quantum level transitions. The model is able to describe the hype curve evolution in many relevant conditions, which can be associated with various external parameters. In this article, we apply this model to describe the evolution of the number of publications in some different research fields that are very current and extremely advanced in terms of social impact. The applications have been chosen in the fields of biomolecular chemistry, genetics and superconducting nanoelectronics.

Published
2020
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40. Characterization and assembly of near-ultraviolet SiPMs for the Schwarzschild-Couder medium-size telescope proposed for the CTA Observatory

Author

M. Santander, B. Kim, M. Ionica, P. Kaaret, R. Shang, B. Stevenson, Q. Feng, Reshmi Mukherjee, Vladimir Vassiliev, Elisabetta Bissaldi, R. Halliday, A. Boiano, T. B. Humensky, J. Rousselle, N. Otte, J. H. Buckley, A. Gent, M. Valentino, P. Wilcox, Thomas Meures, K. Powell, R. Paoletti, F. R. Pantaleo, B. A. W. Mode, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, M. Caprai, Richard Bose, E. Fiandrini, L. P. Taylor, A. Brill, Carla Aramo, A. Rugliancich, L. Di Venere, G. Ambrosi, M. Bitossi, B. Bertucci, C. E. Covault, L. Stiaccini, Justin Vandenbroucke, A. Petrashyk, Daniela Maria Ribeiro, V. Masone, C. Adams, Nicola Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, G. Hughes, O. Hervet, Luca Tosti, F. Licciulli, Akira Okumura, S. Loporchio, W. Jin, M. Ambrosio, David Kieda, J. Powell, David A. Williams, and V. Vagelli

Subjects
Physics, pixel array, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Pixel, business.industry, NUV-HD, SiPM, Photon detection, Schwarzschild-Couder telescope, law.invention, Telescope, Upgrade, Optics, Cardinal point, Silicon photomultiplier, Observatory, law, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The first prototype of the Schwarzschild Couder Medium Size Telescope (pSCT) proposed for the CTA observatory has been installed in 2018 at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory. The pSCT camera is composed of 25 modules with 64 channels each, covering only a small portion of the full focal plane of the telescope. The Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) has developed and characterized in collaboration with Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) a new generation of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) sensitive to the Near Ultraviolet wavelengths, based on the High Density technology (NUV-HD devices). The latest generation of 6×6 mm2 SiPMs (called NUV-HD3) have been used to equip a subsection of 9 out of 25 modules of the pSCT camera. An upgrade of this camera is foreseen between 2019 and 2020 using the same sensors, aiming to equip the full focal plane with 177 modules, for a total of more than 11000 pixels. We will present a full characterization of the performance of these devices, highlighting why they are suitable for Cherenkov light detection. An overview on the overall behavior of the installed sensors will be also given, providing information on the uniformity of the sensors and of the performance of the camera.

Published
2019
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41. Characterization and development of NUV SiPMs for INFN optical modules for the SCT Medium Size Telescope proposed for the CTA Observatory

Author

V. Masone, C. Bonavolontà, M. Valentino, Maria Ionica, Elisabetta Bissaldi, A. Boiano, L. Di Venere, G. Ambrosi, F. Liciulli, Nicola Giglietto, E. Fiandrini, Valerio Vagelli, Carla Aramo, M. Ambrosio, Francesco Giordano, L. Stiaccini, M. Mongelli, L. Tosti, Andrea Rugliancich, R. Paoletti, M. Bitossri, Bruna Bertucci, M. Caprai, F. R. Pantaleo, and S. Loporchio

Subjects
Physics, Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Pixel, business.industry, Silicon Photomultipliers, law.invention, Telescope, Cardinal point, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Application-specific integrated circuit, Observatory, law, business, Camera module
Abstract

The third generation of Near Ultraviolet High Density (NUV-HD3) Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler in collaboration with Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) have been tested and characterized in INFN laboratories. Arrays of 16 pixels have been assembled to equip the focal plane of the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Medium Size Telescope (pSCT) proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory. Each camera module is composed by 4 matrices of 16-pixel optical units coupled with TARGET-7 ASIC front-end electronics for signal amplification and digitization. A total of 9 modules have been successfully integrated on the pSCT camera and are currently taking data. In this contribution we provide a summary of the performances of the HD3 technology as measured in the INFN laboratories. We also report on the laboratory tests performed on the assembled optical units, showing their performances and homogeneity in terms of gain, signal-to-noise ratio and dark count rate.

Published
2019
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42. Geochemistry of fracture coatings in Athabasca Group sandstones as records of elemental dispersion from the McArthur River Uranium deposit

Author

David Quirt, Tom Kotzer, Daniel Layton-Matthews, M. Valentino, T.K. Kyser, Matthew I. Leybourne, and Nicholas Joyce

Subjects
Radiogenic nuclide, Mineral, Fracture (mineralogy), Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Uranium, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Dispersion (geology), 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Uraninite, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, Clay minerals, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Wall rock
Abstract

A mineralogical and geochemical study of minerals on seven types of fracture fillings from near and above the McArthur River unconformity-related uranium deposit has been carried out to determine if fracture filling materials and wall rocks record evidence of primary and secondary dispersion of elements from the deposit. This study shows that Pb extracted by weak acid leaching (2% HNO3) provides Pb-Pb model ages near 1100 Ma for fractures with any of the three REE patterns: 1) LREE-enriched patterns, 2) REE patterns that are concave and similar to uraninite in the deposit, and 3) fractures with flat REE patterns. The REE patterns and ages indicate the fractures are an open system to post-mineralization dispersion of radiogenic Pb from a U-rich source, with a major mobilization of Pb from the uranium deposit at ca. 1100 Ma. Brown (Type 1) fractures, which host Mn-Fe oxides and clay minerals, provide the best evidence of U mineralization through post-mineralization dispersion, containing elevated concentrations of pathfinder elements Co, Ba, Tl, Mn and radiogenic Pb near the surface and at depth. Post-mineralization dispersion is also observed within brown (Type 1) and pink (Type 7; clay minerals + hematite) fractures and wall rock, showing low 207Pb/206Pb values of 0.29–0.50 that were subsequently overprinted by fluids with more common Pb, as recorded in fractures with higher 207Pb/206Pb values of 0.51–0.84. Fracture fillings were analyzed by continuous leach inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CL-ICP-MS) to determine the relationship between trace elements and elemental release from specific mineral phases. CL-ICP-MS results indicate that common Pb (with 207Pb/206Pb values > 0.7) and anomalous Co (360 ppm) and V (220 ppm) contents are resident in organic phases that are dissolved during the 10% H2O2 leach phase. CL-ICP-MS also indicates that radiogenic Pb, as well as Ni and V, are resident in clay minerals and Fe-Mn oxy-hydroxides that break down during leaching with 30% HNO3. Uranium contents are low in the leachate during release of Fe, Al, Mn, and Pb using the 10% and 30% HNO3 leaches, reflecting post-mineralization dispersion of radiogenic Pb, but not U. Thus, secondary dispersion of elements into fractures enhances the size of the deposit footprint, particularly in deep fractures near the P2 fault, but also in some fractures near the surface. The results of this study strongly suggest that fractures did indeed act as conduits for dispersion of elements from the deposit, reaching all the way from deposit to the surface, providing viable exploration targets for U mineralization in sedimentary basins.

Published
2021
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43. Investigating the compressive strength and strain localization of nanotwinned nickel alloys

Author

Kevin J. Hemker, Warren C. Oliver, Gianna M. Valentino, Jessica A. Krogstad, George M. Pharr, Kelvin Y. Xie, Sisi Xiang, Timothy P. Weihs, Mo-Rigen He, and Luoning Ma

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Metals and Alloys, 02 engineering and technology, Plasticity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Nanocrystalline material, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Compressive strength, Shear (geology), Deformation mechanism, 0103 physical sciences, Ceramics and Composites, Compression (geology), Dislocation, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Shear band
Abstract

Sputter deposited nickel-molybdenum-tungsten (Ni-Mo-W) thin films possess a beneficial suite of properties that stem from the extremely fine growth twins that form during the deposition process. Previously these materials were only characterized in tension, however, in this study in situ micropillar compression and post-mortem microstructural analysis of nanotwinned Ni84Mo11W5 micropillars were employed to measure the compressive response and elucidate the attendant deformation mechanisms. The pillars exhibit Hookean behavior to compressive strengths of 3-3.5 GPa and the onset of non-linear plastic flow was manifest by discrete strain bursts and highly localized shear bands. Plastic deformation was concentrated at the top of the pillar, while the bulk of the micropillar was nominally unaffected. Post-mortem investigations indicate that at sufficiently high stresses shear banding is triggered, resulting in intense and highly localized plastic deformation that led to the formation of twin-free nanocrystalline grains within highly deformed shear bands. By contrast, the regions adjacent to the shear bands were unaffected. The absence of detwinning and dislocation glide mechanisms was unexpected and in direct contrast to what has been observed in nanotwinned Cu-Al. Post-mortem observations of the Ni-Mo-W micropillars suggest that the ultrafine twins create a unique form of dislocation starvation and source-limited plasticity. The ultrahigh compressive strength is governed by the triggering of shear bands rather than the activation of dislocation glide. The specialized nature of plasticity in nanotwinned Ni-Mo-W is clear, even though the precise trigger for shear band formation in nanotwinned Ni-Mo-W remains to be identified.

Published
2021
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44. Status of the development of NUV SiPMs for INFN optical modules for the SCT medium sized telescope proposed for the CTA observatory

Author

Nicola Giglietto, D. Riberio, M. Ambrosio, L. Stiaccini, K. Powell, Marcos Santander, J. Rouselle, V. Masone, Maria Ionica, B. Stevenson, Thomas Meures, W. Jin, B. Kim, Corbin Covault, L. Di Venere, L. Tosti, Olivier Hervet, M. Valentino, F. R. Pantaleo, M. Bitossi, Wystan Benbow, J. H. Buckley, C. Bonavolontà, S. Loporchio, Elisabetta Bissaldi, C. Adams, P. Kaaret, A. Petrashyk, G. Hughes, A. Brill, David A. Williams, R. Halliday, Akira Okumura, Riccardo Paoletti, B. Bertucci, Alasdair E. Gent, David Kieda, Vladimir Vassiliev, Carla Aramo, G. Ambrosi, R. Mukherjeek, L. P. Taylor, E. Fiandrini, Francesco Giordano, R. Shang, M. Caprai, Q. Feng, Richard Bose, A. Boiano, T. B. Humensky, V. Vagelli, B. A. W. Mode, Andrea Rugliancich, P. Wilcox, F. Licciulli, Cta pSCT, Justin Vandenbroucke, N. Otte, and J. Powell

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, SiPM, Photodetector, Cherenkov telescopes, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, Photo detectors, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Cardinal point, Silicon photomultiplier, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Electronics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation
Abstract

Near UltraViolet High Density (NUV-HD) SiPMs produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler in collaboration with INFN have been tested and characterized in INFN laboratories. The third generation of these devices (HD3) has proven to be suitable to equip the focal plane of the prototype Schwarzschild–Couder Medium Size Telescope (pSCT) proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory. Photosensors have been assembled in 4 16-pixel optical units coupled with TARGET–7 ASIC front-end electronics for amplification and digitization of the signal. At present, 9 modules have been successfully integrated on the pSCT camera and are currently taking data. In this contribution we report on the performances of the HD3 technology as single sensor and as assembled optical units, showing their performance and homogeneity in terms of gain and dark count rate.

Published
2020
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45. Tailoring the coefficient of thermal expansion of ternary nickel alloys through compositional control and non-contact measurements

Author

Gianna M. Valentino, Kevin J. Hemker, Jessica A. Krogstad, and Timothy P. Weihs

Subjects
Microelectromechanical systems, Materials science, Silicon, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Sputter deposition, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Thermal expansion, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Sputtering, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, Ternary operation, Microscale chemistry
Abstract

The majority of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are made of silicon, however, future applications will be used in extreme environments, especially at elevated temperatures, and require materials with enhanced properties. Use of metal alloys in these applications will require microscale manufacturability, a balance of physical and mechanical properties and dimensional stability. Here, we emphasized dimensional stability by reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and present an optical non-contact method for measuring the thermal expansion of planar thin films. A combinatorial approach was employed to determine the CTE of nickel-molybdenum-tungsten (Ni-Mo-W) sputter deposited films over a range of compositions, and the addition of Mo and W is shown to significantly decrease and provide a route for tailoring the CTE with compositional control. Ni-Mo-W alloys were revealed to have CTE values ranging from 8–12 × 10−6/°C, matching that of commercial glass substrates that are employed in numerous MEMS devices.

Published
2020
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46. MoO 3 films grown on polycrystalline Cu: Morphological, structural, and electronic properties

Author

Massimiliano Lucci, Mario de Lucia, J. Scifo, Salvatore Macis, Augusto Marcelli, M. Valentino, Claudio Quaresima, Marco Miliucci, Giannantonio Cibin, Carlo Ottaviani, Paola De Padova, Alessandro D’Elia, Stefano Lupi, Ivan Davoli, Carmela Bonavolontà, Andrea Notargiacomo, Manuela Scarselli, Carla Aramo, Macis, S., Aramo, C., Bonavolonta, C., Cibin, G., D'Elia, A., Davoli, I., De Lucia, M., Lucci, M., Lupi, S., Miliucci, M., Notargiacomo, A., Ottaviani, C., Quaresima, C., Scarselli, M., Scifo, J., Valentino, M., De Padova, P., and Marcelli, A.

Subjects
Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, polycristalline Cu, Scanning electron microscope, STM, Analytical chemistry, MoO3, Work function, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Caratterizzazione elettrica, law, 0103 physical sciences, Crescita, Spectroscopy, MoO3 films, Raman, 010302 applied physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, Surfaces and Interfaces, Nanoindentation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Amorphous solid, symbols, Caratterizzazione strutturale, AFM, Scanning tunneling microscope, polycristalline Cu, MoO3 films, Raman, AFM, STM, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

In this work, the authors investigated MoO3 films with thickness between 30 nm and 1 μm grown at room temperature by solid phase deposition on polycrystalline Cu substrates. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy revealed the presence of a homogenous MoO3 film with a “grainlike” morphology, while Raman spectroscopy showed an amorphous character of the film. Nanoindentation measurements evidenced a coating hardness and stiffness comparable with the copper substrate ones, while Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and secondary electron spectroscopy displayed a pure MoO3 stoichiometry and a work function ΦMoO3 = 6.5 eV, 1.8 eV higher than that of the Cu substrate. MoO3 films of thickness between 30 and 300 nm evidenced a metallic behavior, whereas for higher thickness, the resistance–temperature curves showed a semiconducting character.In this work, the authors investigated MoO3 films with thickness between 30 nm and 1 μm grown at room temperature by solid phase deposition on polycrystalline Cu substrates. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy revealed the presence of a homogenous MoO3 film with a “grainlike” morphology, while Raman spectroscopy showed an amorphous character of the film. Nanoindentation measurements evidenced a coating hardness and stiffness comparable with the copper substrate ones, while Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and secondary electron spectroscopy displayed a pure MoO3 stoichiometry and a work function ΦMoO3 = 6.5 eV, 1.8 eV higher than that of the Cu substrate. MoO3 films of thickness between 30 and 300 nm evidenced a metallic behavior, whereas for higher thickness, the resistance–temperature curves showed a semiconducting character.

Published
2019
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47. Characterization of FBK NUV-HD SiPMs for the pSCT camera proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

L. Tosti, C. Bonavolontà, Maria Ionica, S. Loporchio, M. Ambrosio, A. Rugliancich, V. Masone, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, A. Boiano, L. Consiglio, M. Caprai, V. Vagelli, G. Ambrosi, E. Fiandrini, Riccardo Paoletti, F. Licciulli, B. Bertucci, M. Bitossi, L. Di Venere, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Nicola Giglietto, and M. Valentino

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, SiPM, High density, Cherenkov telescopes, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, FBK NUV-HD, Photo detectors, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Cardinal point, law, 0103 physical sciences, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Recent developments on Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have shown that they are particularly adequate to detect fast signal due to low-intensity light. Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) has optimized these sensors for the Near-Ultraviolet Cherenkov light emitted by high energy gamma-ray showers in the atmosphere. The FBK high density SiPMs (NUV-HD) have been extensively characterized in the laboratories of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) in view of equipping the focal plane camera of the Schwarzschild–Couder Telescope prototype (pSCT) in the framework of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Here we report the performances of the 6 × 6 mm 2 SiPMs based on 40 × 40 μm 2 cells, in terms of gain and signal-to-noise ratio. We compare the results obtained on devices from the latest generation and grown on different substrates in order to choose the most suitable sensor for the pSCT camera.

Published
2019

48. Readout chain validation of INFN modules for the CTA-pSCT camera

Author

Nicola Giglietto, A. Rugliancich, B. Bertucci, Riccardo Paoletti, E. Fiandrini, L. Consiglio, L. Di Venere, M. Ambrosio, V. Masone, M. Bitossi, S. Loporchio, M. Valentino, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, L. Tosti, A. Boiano, G. Ambrosi, V. Vagelli, Carmela Bonavolontà, M. Caprai, Elisabetta Bissaldi, M. Movileanu, and F. Licciulli

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, SiPM, Front-end electronics, Chip, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Cardinal point, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Cherenkov Telescopes, Photo detectors, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) is currently involved in the R&D for the integration of Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) in the focal plane camera for the prototype of the Schwarzschild–Couder Telescope (pSCT) proposed to integrate the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory . High density FBK SiPMs optimized for the detection of Near Ultraviolet Cherenkov light (NUV-HD) will be used to equip the camera, coupled to the TARGET-7 readout electronics. A first production of 9 INFN modules is being tested and will be installed on the focal plane of the pSCT camera. Each module consists of 64 6 mm × 6 mm pixels, based on 40 μ m × 40 μ m microcells, arranged in 16-pixel matrices. The front-end electronics is based on the TARGET-7 ASIC, a 16-channel chip for sampling and digitization of the signal. Here we report measurements of the performances of the complete readout chain, including results regarding homogeneity in terms of gain and signal-to-noise ratio .

Published
2019

49. Assembly and validation of SiPM optical modules for the SCT Medium Size Telescope proposed for the CTA observatory

Author

Maria Ionica, V. Masone, A. Rugliancich, L. Di Venere, L. Consiglio, M. Bitossi, A. Boiano, G. Ambrosi, V. Vagelli, Cta Sct, B. Bertucci, E. Fiandrini, F. R. Pantaleo, Riccardo Paoletti, S. Loporchio, M. Ambrosio, M. Valentino, Carla Aramo, F. Licciulli, Nicola Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, C. Bonavolontà, M. Caprai, L. Tosti, L. Stiaccini, and Elisabetta Bissaldi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, SiPM, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Photo Detectors, law.invention, Telescope, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, Upgrade, Cardinal point, Front End Electronics, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cherenkov Telescopes, 010306 general physics, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Silicon Photomultipliers are particularly suitable as optical units of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes to detect the fast and low-intensity Cherenkov signal emitted by high energy atmospheric showers. The third generation of high density NUV SiPMs (NUV-HD3) produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) in collaboration with INFN have been used to equip optical modules intended to be integrated on a possible upgrade of the focal plane camera of the Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope prototype (pSCT) in the framework of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project. NUV-HD3 SiPMs are 6 × 6 mm2 devices based on 40 × 40 μm2 microcells with excellent photo detection efficiency for the NUV wavelengths. Optical modules, each composed of a matrix of 4 × 4 SiPMs, have been assembled and tested in the laboratories of INFN to be integrated on the pSCT camera. In this contribution we report on the development and on the assembly of the optical modules, on their validation and on their integration on the pSCT camera.

Published
2019

50. Monte Carlo studies for the optimisation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array layout

Author

Katsuaki Asano, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, M. Cieślar, Nicholas F. H Tothill, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, O. Le Blanc, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, S. Mangano, Julien Lefaucheur, Tatsuo Yoshida, D. de Martino, Martin Pohl, A. Shalchi, Y. Renier, B. Biasuzzi, T. B. Humensky, E. Fiandrini, Andreas Quirrenbach, Abelardo Moralejo, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, J. Knapp, A. Pagliaro, Andrea Santangelo, Michael Punch, Andreas Specovius, A. M. Lopez, P. Peñil Del Campo, Henry Przybilski, J.-P. Lenain, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Satoshi Fukami, M. H. Grondin, S. Schlenstedt, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Maria Concetta Maccarone, Michael Zacharias, Francesco Giordano, T. Suomijärvi, Lorenzo Amati, J. Becker Tjus, Maxim V. Barkov, H. Prokoph, F.G. Saturni, R. J. White, Nu. Komin, María Isabel Bernardos, M. Orienti, Denis Bastieri, Justin Vandenbroucke, P. Vallania, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, L. Tibaldo, A. Burtovoi, A. Viana, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Roberto Aloisio, Soebur Razzaque, M. Valentino, P. Da Vela, Pol Bordas, Francesco Longo, N. Otte, V. La Parola, E. O. Angüner, Marco Berton, Elina Lindfors, Salvo Scuderi, Hiroyasu Tajima, M. Prouza, E. Mach, P. Goldoni, C. Alispach, M. I. Martínez, Miroslav Pech, Kai Brügge, G. Vasileiadis, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Geoff Romeo, M. Marculewicz, Cameron B Rulten, Fuyuki Tokanai, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Thomas Lohse, Anderson Caproni, Karol Seweryn, G. Bonnoli, D. Ninci, G. Pareschi, Stefan Kimeswenger, I. Sadeh, Łukasz Stawarz, M. Nöthe, Daniel Mazin, Ruben Alfaro, G. Busetto, Massimo Persic, A. Berti, G. Sironi, Pavel Horvath, Włodek Kluźniak, Pietro Bruno, Petr Travnicek, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Hayashida, Tomasz Szepieniec, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Y. Ohtani, Samuel Timothy Spencer, L. Di Venere, S. Karkar, M. Füßling, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Louis Antonelli, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Benjamin Koch, P.-O. Petrucci, M. de Naurois, Felix Werner, S. Sakurai, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, Petr Janecek, L. Dangeon, G. Fontaine, Alison Mitchell, Maria Magdalena González, Francesco Dazzi, Philip Kaaret, Reinaldo Santos-Lima, F. Di Pierro, Tomislav Terzić, Grzegorz Kowal, Stefan Wagner, R. A. Cameron, G. S. Varner, M. Roncadelli, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, David Kieda, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Ullrich Schwanke, Y. Iwamura, K. Sedlaczek, R. C. Shellard, Q. Feng, David A. Williams, A. De Angelis, T. Nagayoshi, P. Sangiorgi, I. A. Minaya, Etienne Lyard, Juan Abel Barrio, B. De Lotto, S. Nozaki, J. Gironnet, L. Mohrmann, Oscar Blanch, Marcello Giroletti, Jean-Luc Meunier, Valentina Fioretti, S. Masuda, V. Vagelli, Rodolfo Canestrari, L. Freixas Coromina, M. Palatka, T. Di Girolamo, Vincenzo Testa, Tsuguya Naito, J. Becerra González, R. Alves Batista, Samo Stanič, S. D. Vergani, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Catherine Boisson, Olivier Hervet, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Stefan Funk, Michele Doro, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, P. Romano, E. Fedorova, Carlo Vigorito, M. Zavrtanik, Markus Gaug, Stanislav Stefanik, R. J. García López, F. de Palma, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, Enrico Congiu, Pierre Brun, Manuela Mallamaci, Barbara Balmaverde, L. Valore, Gino Tosti, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, V. I. Zhdanov, Gavin Rowell, Elisabetta Bissaldi, M. Fiori, M. Capalbi, J. Bregeon, Dario Hrupec, F. Toussenel, R. Paoletti, Fulvio Gianotti, Ayan Acharyya, G. Spengler, P. Majumdar, A.A. Zdziarski, A. López-Oramas, M. Mariotti, Juri Poutanen, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, M. Garczarczyk, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Diego F. Torres, Ciro Bigongiari, Matteo Cerruti, M. Polo, Csaba Balázs, A. Dmytriiev, T. Gasparetto, D. Dorner, A. W. Chen, Elisa Prandini, Vitalii Sliusar, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Jonathan Biteau, Vito Conforti, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Shanta M. Zimmer, J. M. Paredes, S. Vercellone, Jonathan Granot, Alice Donini, Antonio Stamerra, Jaime Rosado, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, F. D'Ammando, D. Nosek, M. Heller, Gagik Tovmassian, N. Produit, Petr Schovanek, German Martinez, G. Pühlhofer, S. Fegan, A. Kong, G. Morlino, G. Emery, H.-S. Zechlin, Tomasz Bulik, Antonino D'Ai, Riccardo Rando, Rocco Lico, K. Pfrang, D. Hadasch, R. López-Coto, A. Vollhardt, Pankaj Kushwaha, Petar Temnikov, Emmanuel Moulin, Luca Zampieri, Michiko Ohishi, C. Maggio, V. de Souza, Q. Piel, Marc Ribó, Werner Hofmann, A. Wierzcholska, Luisa Arrabito, Gianpaolo Vettolani, J. Pérez-Romero, Paramita Barai, Sylvain Chaty, N. Parmiggiani, V. Vassiliev, K. Nishijima, D. Cauz, S. Caroff, Giuseppe Leto, J.F. Glicenstein, Maria Ionica, Eva Sciacca, A. Bonardi, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Ramírez, Marcos Santander, H. Siejkowski, Daniela Maria Ribeiro, Ralph Bird, S. Mićanović, D. Zavrtanik, Carole Mundell, Jan Ebr, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, R. Gnatyk, Pierre Jean, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. López, Olga Sergijenko, R. Walter, Oleh Petruk, M. Del Santo, D. Elsasser, Jakub Juryšek, H. Martínez-Huerta, Andreas Zech, Jose J. Gonzalez, Akira Okumura, M. Iori, A. Ghalumyan, Jacco Vink, David Gascon, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. A. Ong, Sabrina Casanova, B. Khélifi, S. Flis, G. Galanti, H. J. Voelk, Jim Hinton, M. Will, David H. Green, Giuseppe Malaguti, B. Rudak, A. Pe'Er, J. L. Dournaux, Andrea Bulgarelli, Frank M. Rieger, A. Djannati-Ataï, F. De Frondat, Lenka Tomankova, Moritz Hütten, Osvaldo Catalano, Hidetoshi Kubo, Tarek M. Hassan, Tomohiro Inada, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, J. Kushida, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, F. Salesa Greus, Juan Cortina, Andreu Sanuy, S. Vorobiov, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, N. Maxted, N. Renault-Tinacci, P. Munar, M. Seglar-Arroyo, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Z. Ou, Anatolii Zenin, T. Tam, Miroslav Hrabovsky, G. Ambrosi, Giovanni Bonanno, R. Millul, Anastasia Maria Barbano, T. Grabarczyk, J. Zorn, D. Dominis Prester, R. D. Parsons, Luis H. S. Kadowaki, Elena Amato, M. Lallena Arquillo, I. Oya, Jacek Niemiec, Gianluca Giavitto, Marita Krause, Olaf Reimer, Josep Martí, M. Perri, Maria Chernyakova, Takeshi Nakamori, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Thomas Murach, P. Cristofari, C. Delgado, Fernando Catalani, G. La Rosa, J. Alfaro, Thomas Armstrong, J. Kocot, Léa Jouvin, Markus Böttcher, Rodrigo Nemmen, J. P. Amans, Utane Sawangwit, Y. Kobayashi, Hidetoshi Sano, D. Jankowsky, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, B. Bertucci, Sebastian Diebold, L. P. Taylor, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, A. Fiasson, Miroslav Filipovic, R. Moderski, T. Stolarczyk, B. Patricelli, H. Ashkar, Alessandro Costa, Jonathan Blazek, C. Trichard, M. Vecchi, T. Greenshaw, A. Morselli, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, S. M. Colak, Lili Yang, C. Díaz, J. Rico, P. Caraveo, S. Loporchio, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, V. De Caprio, R. Wischnewski, A. Sillanpää, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Takashi Saito, I. Agudo, Yasuo Fukui, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, F. Cassol, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, M. V. Fonseca, U. Barres de Almeida, Saverio Lombardi, D. della Volpe, Giancarlo Cusumano, M. Ostrowski, T. Montaruli, L. Tosti, Garret Cotter, Konrad Bernlöhr, Reshmi Mukherjee, Fabio Iocco, M. Palatiello, Jonathan S. Lapington, U. Straumann, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Matteo Balbo, Lab Saha, N. Hiroshima, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, Ermanno Pietropaolo, Atreyee Sinha, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Acharyya, A., Agudo, I., Anguner, E. O., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amans, J. -P., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Antonelli, L. A., Aramo, C., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ashkar, H., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Barai, P., Barbano, A., Barkov, M., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Becker Tjus, J., Bellizzi, L., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M. I., Bernlohr, K., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Biasuzzi, B., Bigongiari, C., Bird, R., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Blazek, J., Boisson, C., Bonanno, G., Bonardi, A., Bonavolonta, C., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottcher, M., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Brugge, K., Brun, P., Bruno, P., Bulgarelli, A., Bulik, T., Burton, M., Burtovoi, A., Busetto, G., Cameron, R., Canestrari, R., Capalbi, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Caroff, S., Carosi, R., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cassol, F., Catalani, F., Catalano, O., Cauz, D., Cerruti, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Cieslar, M., Colak, S. M., Conforti, V., Congiu, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Cumani, P., Cusumano, G., D'Ai, A., D'Ammando, F., Dangeon, L., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caprio, V., de Cassia dos Anjos, R., De Frondat, F., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., Del Santo, M., Delgado, C., della Volpe, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Diaz, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J. -L., Ebr, J., Ekoume, T. R. N., Elsasser, D., Emery, G., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fedorova, E., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Filipovic, M., Fioretti, V., Fiori, M., Flis, S., Fonseca, M. V., Fontaine, G., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fussling, M., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gasparetto, T., Gaug, M., Ghalumyan, A., Gianotti, F., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Gironnet, J., Glicenstein, J. -F., Gnatyk, R., Goldoni, P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, M. M., Gourgouliatos, K. N., Grabarczyk, T., Granot, J., Green, D., Greenshaw, T., Grondin, M. -H., Gueta, O., Hadasch, D., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Heller, M., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hofmann, W., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Humensky, T. B., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Iocco, F., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Iwamura, Y., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jankowsky, D., Jean, P., Jouvin, L., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Kadowaki, L. H. S., Karkar, S., Kerszberg, D., Khelifi, B., Kieda, D., Kimeswenger, S., Kluzniak, W., Knapp, J., Knodlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Koch, B., Kocot, J., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kowal, G., Krause, M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kushwaha, P., La Parola, V., La Rosa, G., Lallena Arquillo, M., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Le Blanc, O., Lefaucheur, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leto, G., Lico, R., Lindfors, E., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., Lopez, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Lopez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maccarone, M. C., Mach, E., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Malaguti, G., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Marculewicz, M., Mariotti, M., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Masuda, S., Maxted, N., Mazin, D., Meunier, J. -L., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Millul, R., Minaya, I. A., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Morlino, G., Morselli, A., Moulin, E., Mukherjee, R., Munar, P., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Nagai, A., Nagayoshi, T., Naito, T., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nikolajuk, M., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nothe, M., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Ostrowski, M., Otte, N., Ou, Z., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatiello, M., Palatka, M., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pareschi, G., Parmiggiani, N., Parsons, R. D., Patricelli, B., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Penil Del Campo, P., Perez-Romero, J., Perri, M., Persic, M., Petrucci, P. -O., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piel, Q., Pietropaolo, E., Pohl, M., Polo, M., Poutanen, J., Prandini, E., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Reimer, O., Renault-Tinacci, N., Renier, Y., Ribeiro, D., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez-Ramirez, J. C., Rodri-guez Vazquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rugliancich, A., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Salesa Greus, F., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santangelo, A., Santos-Lima, R., Sanuy, A., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Schlenstedt, S., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Sedlaczek, K., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sillanpaa, A., Sinha, A., Sironi, G., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spengler, G., Stamerra, A., Stanic, S., Stawarz, L., Stefanik, S., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Suomijarvi, T., Swierk, P., Szepieniec, T., Tagliaferri, G., Tajima, H., Tam, T., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tibaldo, L., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tokanai, F., Tomankova, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Toussenel, F., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Trichard, C., Umana, G., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Vandenbroucke, J., Varner, G. S., Vasileiadis, G., Vassiliev, V., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Vettolani, G. 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Savoie Mont Blanc, Universität Potsdam, Linnaeus University, Universität Heidelberg, University of Johannesburg, University of Adelaide, Tuscaloosa, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, University of Nova Gorica, University of Wisconsin, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Ibaraki University, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Utah, USA, GBR, FRA, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Angüner, E. O., Becerra González, J., Bernlöhr, K., Bonavolontá, C., Böttcher, M., Brügge, K., Cieślar, M., D’Aí, A., D’Ammando, F., de Cássia dos Anjos, R., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Díaz, C., Djannati-Ataï, A., Elsässer, D., Füßling, M., Garcia López, R. J., González, J. M., González, M. M., Hütten, M., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Knödlseder, J., López, M., López-Coto, R., Martí, J., Martínez, M., Martínez, G., Martínez-Huerta, H., Nikołajuk, M., Nöthe, M., Pe’Er, A., Peñil Del Campo, P., Pérez-Romero, J., Pühlhofer, G., Rainò, S., Ribó, M., Rodrí-guez Vázquez, J. J., Sillanpää, A., Stanič, S., Stawarz, Ł., Świerk, P., Vázquez Acosta, M., GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Subjects
Cherenkov Telescope Array, Astronomy, Monte Carlo method, energy resolution, Monte Carlo simulations, Cherenkov telescopes, IACT technique, gamma rays, cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Observatory, law, site, Monte Carlo, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, observatory, Cosmic rays, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ddc:540, Física nuclear, Monte carlo studies, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, FÍSICA DE ALTA ENERGIA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, energy dependence, Telescope, Optics, CTA - Abteilung Hofmann, 0103 physical sciences, Cherenkov counter: imaging, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Monte Carlo simulation, Cherenkov radiation, CTA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, sensitivity, Cosmic ray, Cherenkov telescope, gamma ray: VHE, business, Energy (signal processing), astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the major next-generation observatory for ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. It will improve the sensitivity of current ground-based instruments by a factor of five to twenty, depending on the energy, greatly improving both their angular and energy resolutions over four decades in energy (from 20 GeV to 300 TeV). This achievement will be possible by using tens of imaging Cherenkov telescopes of three successive sizes. They will be arranged into two arrays, one per hemisphere, located on the La Palma island (Spain) and in Paranal (Chile). We present here the optimised and final telescope arrays for both CTA sites, as well as their foreseen performance, resulting from the analysis of three different large-scale Monte Carlo productions.© 2019, We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project D01-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants PFB-06, FB0821, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants 3160153, 3150314, 1150411, 1161463, 1170171, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Vice-Rectory of Research internationalization grant under MINEDUC agreement PUC1566, Chile, Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS LM2015046, LTT17006 and EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, Czech Republic; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile-de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OSUG2020, P210 and OCEVU, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, 10-0033, J1-9146; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; MINECO National R+D+I, Severo Ochoa, Maria de Maeztu, CDTI, PAIDI, UJA, FPA2017-90566-REDC, Spain; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Ernest Boninchi Foundation, Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Society, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S.Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements no 262053 and no 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement no 676134.

Published
2019
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