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A series of Sm3 +-doped 0. 96Na0 .5Bi0.5TiO3-0.04CaTiO3 (NBT-0. 04CT:xSm3+, 0. 002 ≤x ≤ 0. 020) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The phase structures of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, and all the samples show a single perovskite structure. The photoluminescence properties of the samples were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometer, and the samples show the strongest excitation peak at 479 nm, which matches well with the blue LED chip used in the white LED synthesis. The dominant emission peak is located at 597 nm (4G5/2→ 6 H7/9), presenting strong orange-red luminescence. NBT-0. 04CT:0. 010Sm3+ ceramics shows optimal luminescence performances among the Sm3 +-doped NBT-0. 04CT ceramics, and superior thermal stability of its luminous properties is achieved in the temperature range from 278 K to 473 K. The results indicate that NBT-0. 04CTxSm3 + ceramics have promising applications in white LED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples of (110), (100), and (111) MgO single crystals were implanted with 70 keV N ions at room temperature. All as-implanted samples showed room temperature hysteresis in magnetization loops. The observed saturation magnetization (Ms) was 0.79 × 10−4 emu/g, 1.28 × 10−4 emu/g, and 1.5 × 10−4 emu/g for (110), (100) and (111) orientation implanted-MgO and follows the relation Ms(111) > Ms(100) > Ms(110), indicative of crystalline orientation-dependent ferromagnetism in N-implanted MgO. The samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), reciprocal space mapping (RSM), and photoluminescence (PL). The results indicated that the amount of N-substitute-O and N-interstitial defects in these three N-implanted MgO samples showed the same changing tendency as compared with Ms data. Thus, we conclude that the N-substitute-O and N-interstitial defects may play a crucial role in controlling the N+-implanted-induced ferromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Er3 + doped and Er3 + / Yb3 + co-doped 0.96Na0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3 -0.04CaTiO3 (NBT-CT: xEr3 + / yYb3 +, x = 0.002 ~0.015, y = 0.010) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by a solid-state sintering method. The phase structure and up-conversion luminescence properties of the samples were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectrofluorometer, respectively. These results show that the main crystal phase of the samples is that of NBT. Under the excitation of a 980 nm near-infrared light, the Er3 + doped and Er3 + / Yb3 + co-doped NBT-CT ceramics exhibit characteristic emission of Er3 + with strong dominant green up-conversion emissions. The optimal up-conversion luminescence performance with x = 0.010 in NBT-CT: xEr3 + ceramics are obtained. Yb3 + can act as sensitizer and significantly enhance the up-conversion luminescence intensity of Er3 + . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sm3+-Modified (1 − x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xCaTiO3 (NBT-xCT:Sm3+) piezo-luminescent ceramic materials were synthesized to investigate the influence of CaTiO3 (CT) concentration on their photoluminescence and electrical performance. Under 480 nm irradiation, the NBT-xCT:Sm3+ samples exhibit prominent orange-red emission, with a prime emission peak centered at 597 nm. A moderate amount of CT doping in the Sm3+-modified NBT ceramics boosts both their photoluminescence and piezoelectric properties significantly, with NBT-0.04CT:Sm3+ showing the optimal performance. Furthermore, outstanding luminescence thermal stability over a temperature range of 293–473 K and superior water resistance behavior are achieved in the NBT-0.04CT:Sm3+ ceramic. These results indicate that NBT-xCT:Sm3+ piezo-luminescent ceramics show great potential applications in white LEDs, as well as novel optical-electronic multifunctional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent piezoelectric materials promise a stratagem for controlling the optical process by electric field, which would benefit for future optoelectronic devices. Here, Er3+ doped (Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15) (Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9)O 3 (BCZT: Er3+) piezoelectric ceramics are prepared to demonstrate the proof of concept. In addition to excellent intrinsic piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity, BCZT: Er3+ ceramics exhibit simultaneously strong green upconversion emissions under excitation of 980 nm. Remarkable photoluminescence (PL) quenching phenomenon as well as significant changes on relative intensities of stark lines are observed under external poling electric field. Furthermore, field dependent piezoelectric constant d 33 and photoluminescence quenching ratio show similar variation trend and finally saturate for E > 3.5 kV/mm, which provides a noncontact strategy to monitor the piezoelectric constant d 33. The PL quenching triggered by electric field in BCZT: Er3+ ceramics is ascribed to the decreased asymmetry originating from field-induced structural transformation from a significant fraction of the tetragonal phase to rhombohedral phase. Our work would be helpful for expanding the scope of luminescent piezoelectric materials and promising future optoelectronic and optical devices with cross-coupled physical properties. • Ferroelectricity and upconversion emissions coexist in BCZT: Er3+. • Electric field can modulate photoluminescence and relative intensity of stark lines. • A noncontact strategy to monitor the piezoelectric constant is proposed. • The mechanism of electric field-photoluminescence coupling is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A series of orange-red emitting Sm3+ activated Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Ti 0.90 Zr 0.10 O 3 (BCZT: x Sm3+, x = 0.001–0.007) are synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The Sm3+ ions composition dependent photoluminescence properties are systematically investigated. Under the excitation of a 407 nm near-ultraviolet light, the ceramics exhibit strong characteristic emission of Sm3+ ions with dominant orange-red emission peak at around 595 nm, which is ascribed to the transition of 4G 5/2 → 6H 7/2. The BCZT: 0.004Sm3+ ceramic displays the optimal emission among these Sm3+-doped BCZT solid solutions. Moreover, the photoluminescence intensity exhibits extremely sensitive to temperature, suggesting that BCZT: 0.004Sm3+ could be applicable for temperature sensing. A maximum relative sensitivity of 1.89% K−1 at 453 K is obtained. Furthermore, the existence of ferroelectricity in the BCZT host combined with Sm3+ activated photoluminescence properties could be useful for developing optical-electro multifunctional materials and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metamagnetic transition, magnetocaloric and magnetoresistance effects are investigated in polycrystalline Sm 0.55 (Sr 0.5 Ca 0.5 ) 0.45 MnO 3 (SSCMO) manganite. A sharp magnetization jump at Curie temperature ( T C ) 73.5 K with large thermal hysteresis is observed. Magnetic measurements and Arrott plots analysis indicate that the transition is first order in nature. Under a low magnetic field change of 1 T, the magnetic entropy change exhibits a peak value of − Δ S M max ( T ) =4.01 J/kg K with relative cooling power (RCP) value of 44.1 J/kg in the vicinity of T C . The mechanism of charge conduction in insulator phase is polaron transport. Large negative magnetoresistance ratio with value of ~99% is obtained within a broad temperature range below metal insulator transition temperature under 1 T magnetic field. These results indicate the potential applications of SSCMO in magnetic refrigeration and spintronics devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel 4-fluorobenzenetelluronic trimethyltin ester (Me3Sn)4[p-F-PhTe(μ-O)(OH)O2]2 (1) has been prepared and fully characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy, XRD and X-ray crystallography. Structural analysis shows that the complex is crystallized as a Sn4Te2 molecule, in which an asymmetric four-membered Te2(μ2-O)2 unit is situated in the center. The geometry of tellurium is described as a distorted octahedron and for each tin it is described as a distorted tetrahedron. Underlying cytotoxic mechanisms involved in the apoptotic death of A549 cells upon exposure to the complex have been investigated and the results reveal that the anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects of the complex in A549 cells prominently contributed to the accumulation of ROS, dysfunctional depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and activation of caspase-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Ho3+-doped 0.94Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -0.06BaTiO 3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (NBT-0.06BT: x Ho3+, 0.0025≤ x ≤ 0.03) are prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. Under the excitation of 980 nm, all the samples exhibit strong green, red and near infrared upconversion emissions, which are ascribed to the 5F 4 /5S 2 →5I 8 (∼547 nm), 5F 5 →5I 8 (∼656 nm), 5F 4 /5S 2 →5I 7 (∼756 nm) transitions of Ho3+ ions, respectively. The NBT-0.06BT: 0.015Ho3+ ceramic displays the optimal emission among these Ho3+-doped NBT-0.06BT solid solutions. Optical thermometry behavior is evaluated via fluorescent intensity ratio (FIR) of green to red emissions of Ho3+ ions. The temperature sensing performances is investigated in the temperature range of 293–473 K based on non-thermally coupled levels (NTCL). The maximum relative sensitivity is found to be 0.35% K−1 at 293 K. The present investigation results imply the promising application of NBT-0.06BT: Ho3+ in non-contact optical thermometers. • Under a 980 nm diode excitation, the NBT-0.06BT: x Ho3+ specimens exhibit strong prominent green emission. • The upconversion photoluminescence intensity exhibits extremely sensitive to temperature in range of 293–473 K. • A maximum relative sensitivity of 0.35% K−1 at 293 K is obtained for NBT-0.06BT: 0.015Ho3+ ceramic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new triorganotin(IV) complexes, [RSn(OSeCH-4-Et)] (R = Me 1), [RSn(OSeCH-4-Et)] (R = Ph 2), [RSn(OSeCH-2-Et)] (R = Me 3; Ph 4) have been synthesized by the treatment of 4-ethylbenzeneseleninic acid, 2-ethylbenzeneseleninic acid, and the corresponding triorganotin(IV) chloride with sodium ethoxide in methanol. All of the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (H, C, and Sn) spectroscopy, TGA, and X-ray crystallography. Crystal structures show that all of the complexes are generated by the bidentate oxygen atoms and the five-coordinated tin centers with trigonal bipyramid geometry. The structural analyses reveal that complex 1 has a centrosymmetric tetranuclear triorganotin selenite with 16-membered macrocycle, which is formed by trimethyltin and ligand alternate linking. A series of C-H···O and π- π stacking interactions in complex 1 play an important function in the supramolecular aggregation. Complex 3 has two 1D spring-like chiral helical chains and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2, which is chiral. Complex 2 and 4 are both 1D infinite neutral chain polymers and complex 2 forms a 2D supramolecular framework through intermolecular C-H···O interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The quantum cutting was directly observed and confirmed in CGP:Tm3+. • The improved QC model was established in Tm3+ ion. • The effect of Tm3+ concentration on the spectral characteristics was clarified. • The investigations can help to understand the QC and ET processes in Tm3+. In this work, to develop new quantum cutting (QC) luminescent materials and clarify the QC process, a series of Tm3+-activated Ca 9 Gd(PO 4) 7 (CGP) phosphors were prepared by conventional high-temperature solid state reaction method. The phase purity of the samples was checked by XRD patterns, and the structural features were analyzed on the basis of Rietveld refinement. The emission spectra of Tm3+ were measured by exciting at different wavelengths, in which the QC was identified. The main QC model was proposed when the Tm3+ is excited into 1D 2 level. The occurrence of QC was further verified by comparing the decay lifetimes on 3H 4 level under 357, 470 and 685 nm excitation. With increasing Tm3+ concentration, it was found that the 3H 4 →3H 6 transition intensity around 806 nm exhibits faster increase rate than other ones by exciting at either 357 or 470 nm. This increase rate is more effective under 357 nm excitation thanks to the existence of QC process. The above investigation could show instructional significance for the development of other rare earth ions doped luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four organotin complexes of the types [(Ph3Sn)(C2HN2S2)] ( 1), [(CH3)3Sn(C2HN2S2)] n ( 2), [(Bu2Sn)(C2HN2S2)2] ( 3), and [(Me2Sn)4(C2HN2S2)2(µ 3-O)2(C2H5O)2] ( 4) have been obtained by 2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and triorganotin chloride or diorganotin dichloride. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses, which revealed that complexes 1 and 3 are mononuclear structures, complex 1 can further form a one-dimensional (1D) helical chain, and complex 3 can further form a 22-membered macrocycle through the intermolecular C-H·N hydrogen bond; complex 2 is a 1D infinite chain linked by intermolecular N→Sn and S→Sn bonding interactions; complex 4 is a typical ladder structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 00:1-8, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21046 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new diorganotin(IV) selenites, [BuSn(OSeCHOMe)] ( 1), [MeSn(OSeCHCHMe)] ( 2), [MeSn(OSeCHEt)] ( 3) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (H, C and Sn) spectra, TGA, and X-ray crystallography. The X-ray reveals that complexes 1-3 are 1D infinite double-chain polymers. The molecular of complex 1 is further linked by intermolecular C-H···O interactions to form a 2D network polymer. Complex 3 is linked by C-H···O interactions to form a 3D organotin framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and structural characterization of four novel triorganotin(IV) complexes, {(RSn)[CHS(COO)]} (R = Me: 1), {(RSn)[CHS(COO)]} (R = nBu: 2), {(RSn)[CHS(COO)]} (R = Me: 3; nBu: 4) were obtained by the reaction of 2,2′-thiodiglycolic acid, 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid and the corresponding RSnCl (R = Me, nBu) with potassium hydroxide in methanol. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (H, C, Sn) spectroscopies, X-ray crystallography and thermogravimetric analyses. The crystal structures show that 1 has 2D network structure in which 2,2′-thiodiglycolic acid acts as a tetradentate ligand coordinating to the trimethyltin(IV) ions. Complexes 2, 3, and 4 are 3D metal-organic framework structures in which the deprotoned acids act as a tetradentate ligand afforded by four oxygen atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Six new triorganotin(IV) complexes, {(R3Sn)2[C7H14(COO)2]}n (R = Me: 1), (R3Sn)2[C7H14(COO)2] (R = Bu: 2; Ph: 3), {(R3Sn)2[C11H9NO2(COO)2]} n ·Y (R = Me, Y = CH2Cl2: 4, R = Bu, Y = 0: 5) and (R3Sn)2[C11H9NO2(COO)2] (R = Ph: 6) have been prepared by treatment of 2,4-diethylglutaric acid, phthalyl-glutamic acid and the corresponding R3SnCl (R = Me, Bu, Ph) with sodium ethoxide in methanol. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy, and TGA. Except for 3 and 6, all of the complexes were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structural analyses reveal that complexes 1 and 4 have 2D network structures in which 2,4-diethylglutaric acid and phthalyl-glutamic acid act as tetradentate ligands coordinated to trimethyltin(IV) ions. Complex 2 has a dinuclear structure, and complex 5 has a 1D zigzag chain structure and forms a 2D supramolecular framework through intermolecular C–H⋯O interactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Three new diorganotin(IV) complexes, [Bu2Sn(O2SeC6H5)2] n (1), [Bu2Sn(O2SeC6H4Me)2] n (2), [Me2Sn(O2SeC6H4Bu)2] n (3) have been synthesized by the reaction of benzeneseleninic acid, p-tolueneseleninic acid, and 4-tert-butylbenzeneseleninic acid with Me2SnCl2 or Bu2SnCl2 in the presence of sodium ethoxide in methanol at 50°C. All of the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. X-ray diffraction studies of 1, 2, 3 show that the areneseleninate groups behave as double bridges between the tin atoms leading to polymeric chain structure with Sn2O4Se2 eight-membered ring. The organic groups bonded to the tin atoms are in trans-position in the resulting octahedral arrangement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Six new triorganotin(IV) complexes, [R3Sn(O2SeC6H4Cl)] n (R=Me 1; Ph 2), [R3Sn(O2SeC6H4Me)] n (R=Me 3; Ph 4), [R3Sn(O2SeC6H4Bu)] n (R=Me 5; Ph 6) have been synthesized by the reaction of 4-chlorobenzeneseleninic acid, p-Tolueneseleninic acid, and 4-tert-butylbenzeneseleninic acid with triorganotin(IV) chloride in the presence of sodium ethoxide. All of the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C, and 119Sn) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Crystal structures show that all of the complexes exhibit 1D infinite chain structures which are generated by the bidentate oxygen atoms and the five-coordinated tin centers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Eight new organotin (IV) carboxylates, (R3Sn)4(nap)4 (R = Me 1, n-Bu 2), [(R3Sn) (nap)] n (R = Ph 3, PhCH2 4), (R2Sn) (nap)2 (R = n-Bu 5, Ph 6, PhCH2 7) and {[R2Sn(nap)]2O}2 (R = Me 8) (nap = (S)-(+)-6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthaleneaceto anion) have been synthesized. All of the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT–IR, NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectra. Among these complexes, complexes 1, 3, 5 and 8 were also characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analysis, and the data of X-ray crystallography diffraction indicated that complexes 1, 3 and 5 are new chiral organotin (IV) carboxylates complexes. The structural analyses show that complex 1 has a tetranuclear Sn4O8 macrocycle structure, complex 3 has a 1D spring-like chiral helical chain with a columnar channel, complex 5 possesses a dimer structure, and complex 8 has a supramolecular chainlike ladder structure through weak intermolecular non-covalent O…O interactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of new triorganotin(IV) pyridinecarboxylates with 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6-OH-3-nicH), 5-hydroxynicotinic acid (5-OH-3-nicH) and 2-hydroxyisonicotinic acid (2-OH-4-isonicH) of the types: [R3Sn (6-OH-3-nic)·L] n (I) (R=Ph, L=Ph·EtOH, 1; R=Bn, L=H2O·EtOH, 2; R=Me, L=0, 3; R= n-Bu, L=0, 4), [R3Sn (5-OH-3-nic)] n (II) (R=Ph, 5; R=Bn, 6; R=Me, 7; R= n-Bu, 8), [R3Sn (2-OH-4-isonic·L)] n (III) (R=Bn, 9, L=MeOH; R=Me, L=0, 10; R=Ph, 11, L=0.5EtOH) have been synthesized. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, TGA, IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy analyses. Among them, except for complexes 5 and 6, all complexes were also characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analysis. Crystal structures show that complexes 1–10 adopt 1D infinite chain structures which are generated by the bidentate O, O or N, O and the five-coordinated tin centers. Significant O–H⋯O, and N–H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds stabilize these structures. Complex 11 is a 42-membered macrocycle containing six tin atoms, and forms a 2D network by intermolecular N–H⋯O hydrogen. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of new organotin carboxylates have been synthesized by reactions of trans(cis)-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid with triorganotin chloride and diorganotin dichloride. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 119Sn NMR spectroscopy; furthermore, complexes 1, 3, 5, 8 and 9 were characterized by X-ray diffraction analyses. The structural analyses show that complex 1 possesses a monomer structure; complex 5 possesses a 1D zigzag chain structure; both the complexes 3 and 8 have 2D network structures and complex 9 has a tetratin 36-membered macrocyclic structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The self-assembled reaction of 2-hydroxynicotinic acid, KOH and tri-n-butyltin chloride in CH3OH and H2O (V/V=5:1) under solvothermal condition (150°C) affords a novel mixed tri- and dibutyltin macrocyclic complex 1. Characterization of the complex 1 was achieved using elemental analysis, IR, NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectroscopy, TGA and X-ray crystallography diffraction analysis. X-ray data revealed that it is an unusual 16-membered macrocycle containing eight tin atoms, and they can be divided into four sorts by the distinct environments, the endocyclic tin atoms are best described as five- and six-coordinate and the exocyclic tin atoms as five-coordinate. Furthermore, a 2D corrugated sheet is formed by intermolecular C–H⋯Cl, O–H⋯N and O–H⋯O weak interactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three types of di- and trimethyltin(IV) polymers [MeSn(CHNO)] · 4HO 1, [(MeSn)(CHNO)] · HO 2 and [(MeSn)(CHNO)] · CHOH 3 have been synthesized by the reaction of trimethyltin chloride with benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid under three different experimental conditions. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR (H, C, Sn) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography diffraction analysis. The structure analyses reveal that complex 1 has a 1D helical chain in which benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid act as a tetradentate ( O, O-chelation) ligand coordinating to dimethyltin (IV) ions, two water molecules take part in the coordination giving seven-coordinated tin centers in the component. Complex 2 and 3 are 2D and 3D corrugated polymers in which the deprotoned acid as tetradentate ligand affords by three oxygen atoms and a nitrogen atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

novel 3D tri- n-butyltin complex [( n-BuSn)(CHNSCO)] ( 1) has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (H, C, and Sn) spectra and X-ray crystallography. X-ray data of complex 1 reveals that it is a 3D tri- n-butyltin coordination polymer with a metal-organic framework (MOF) structure , significant N → Sn interactions plays an important role in the construction of this structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three types of methyltin phosphonates, {[(CH3)3Sn]4(O3PPh)2} n (1), {[(CH3)3Sn]2(O3PPh)·CH3OH} n (2) and {[(CH3)2SnO3PPh]4} n (3) were synthesized by the reaction of phenylphonic acid with trimethyltin (IV) chloride and dimethyltin (IV) dichloride, respectively. Complexes 1, 2 and 3 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR (1H, 13C, 31P and 119Sn) spectroscopy, TGA and X-ray crystallography diffraction analysis. The X-ray analysis of complex 1 shows that the structure is a polymeric infinite 1D zigzag chain. In complex 2, the oxygen atom of methanol molecule is coordinated to the tin atoms, and a 2D network is generated via O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In complex 3, a novel 2D network containing 12-membered (Sn3O6P3) rings is formed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

novel sulphate of organotin was synthesized by the reaction of triphenyltin chloride with silver sulphate. The structure of {[(PhSn)SO] · HO)} · 2EtOH has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystal data parameters are as follows: monoclinic, space group Cc, a = 14.146(6), b = 23.844(11), c = 23.777(11) Å, Z = 4. The title compound displays a dimeric tetra-tin nuclear structure. The geometry about tin is trigonal bipyramidal with a trans-OSnC stereochemistry about the metal. Hydrogen bonding between the oxygen atoms of the anion and the solvate water produces a graphite-like 3D network lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new ladder structure of [(n-BuSn(O)O2CC6HF3OCH3)2-n-BuSn(O2CC6HF3OCH3)3]2 (1) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectra and X-ray crystallography. All the tin atoms are six-coordinate and display distorted octahedral geometry. A series of C-H ;··· ;F and π-π stacking interactions play an important function in the supramolecular aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four triorganotin(IV) complexes constructed from tetrafluorophthalic acid (H2tfp) with a 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio of H2tfp: Et3N: R3SnCl gave two of type {[R3Sn (tfp)].Et3NH}4 (R = Me 1, R = n-Bu 2), and two of type [R3Sn (tfp).Et3NH]n (R = PhCH2 3, Ph 4). All the complexes are characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR analyses. Complexes 1 and 4 were also confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Complex 1 is tetranuclear with a 28-membered C16O8Sn4 macrocyclic ring system with a cavity. The supramolecular structure of 1 has been found to consist of a three-dimensional network built up by intermolecular N-H ··· O, C-H ··· O hydrogen bonds and C-F ··· F weak interactions. Complex 4 is an infinite polymeric structure. The salient feature of the supramolecular structure of 4 is that of a two-dimensional plane, in which intermolecular N-H ··· O and C-H ··· π hydrogen bonds are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two metal-organic coordination polymers, [Zn(1,2,4-BTC)(bipy)]n (1) (1,2,4-BTC = 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) and [Zn(1,3,5-BTC)(bipy)(H2O) · 3H2O]n (2) (1,3,5-BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine), have been synthesized using the principle of crystal engineering. Despite similar reactants and reaction conditions, complex 1 is an infinite 2-D square-grid network while complex 2 is a 1-D zigzag chain. 4,4'-bipyridine is a terminal monodentate ligand towards the Zn centers, which is rare in Zn polymers because 4,4'-bipyridine is a linear molecule and bridges central ions using two nitrogen atoms. Both coordination polymers show blue luminescence in the solid state at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Four new triorganotin complexes of 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole with the type of R3Sn(SC2N3HNH2-3) (R=Me, 1; n-Bu, 2; Ph, 3; PhCH2, 4) have been synthesized. All the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. Complexes 1, 3 and 4 have been characterized by X-ray crystallography analyses too. The geometry about Sn of complex 1 is distorted trigonal bipyramidal and the supramolecular structures of complex 1 has been found consist of channels built up by intermolecular N–H⋯N hydrogen bonding. The geometry of tin atoms in complexes 3 and 4 are distorted tetrahedron and 1D polymers connected by intermolecular N–H⋯N hydrogen bonding or N–H⋯N and N–H⋯S hydrogen bonding. Additionally, 1D polymer of complex 3 aggregated in 2D layer by intermolecular N–H⋯S hydrogen bonding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two novel organotin(IV) complexes of the types [(Ph3Sn)4(O3POPh)2] n 1 and [(Ph3Sn)6(O3POPh)3]2 2 have been prepared by treatment of phenylphosphoric acid and the Ph3SnCl under different conditions. The complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (1H,13C,119Sn) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography diffraction analysis. The structure analyses reveal that complex 1 is an infinite 1D polymer and complex 2 is a dimer which contains two 24-membered macrocycles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

new organotin(IV) Schiff base complex 4 containing a novel SnO hydrolysis ladder and a disulfide group has been synthesized through a self-assembly reaction. The complex 4 has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, H-, C-, and Sn-NMR spectra and X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses. The study of the supramolecular structure of complex 4 found that there exist two kinds of C-H···S and C-H···O intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The two kinds of intermolecular hydrogen bonds force the complex 4 into a 2-dimensional 'wave' network. The geometry about each tin atom involved is distorted trigonal bipyramid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Eight new organostannoxane-based multiredox assemblies containing-Schiff-base-triazole ligand peripheries have been readily synthesized by hydrolysis or solvothermal synthetic routes. The reactions of the diorganotin dichloride with the Schiff-base-containing-triazole ligand afford the following types: [(Me2Sn)2O2(Ln)]2 (n =1, for 1) [(Me2Sn)2O(RO)(Ln)]2 (R=Et, n =2, for 2; R=Me, n =3, for 3), [(n-Bu2Sn)2O2(Ln)]2 (n =1, for 4; n =2, for 5; n =3, for 6) and [(Me2Sn)2Ln2O]2 ·L (n =2; L=H2O for 7, L=CH3OH for 8). All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn spectra analyses. Except for complexes 4 and 6, the other complexes are also characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses. Complexes 1–3 and 5 show similar structures containing a Sn4O4 ladder-shaped skeleton in which the N atom from a corresponding thione-form deprotonated Schiff base coordinated to the exo tin atoms in monodentate chelating agent. Complex 7 and 8 show a novel framework containing a Sn2O2 symmetrical core with two N atoms from triazole moiety coordinated to tin atoms. Weak but significant intermolecular hydrogen bondings, C–H⋯π stacking or non-bonded S⋯S interaction lead to aggregation and self-assembly of these complexes into 1D, 2D or 3D supramolecular frameworks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two new trinuclear mono-organooxotin(IV) complexes with 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoic acid and sodium perchlorate of the types: [(SnR)3(OH)(2,3,4,5-F4C6HCO2)4 ·ClO4]·[O2CC6HF4](R=PhCH2, 1; o-F-PhCH2 for 2), have been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR and X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses. Complex 2 is also characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses. In complex 2, four carboxyl groups and a perchlorate bridged three tin atoms in a cyclohexane chair arrangement and form the basic framework. A hydroxyl group comprises the oxygen components of the stannoxane ring system. In these complexes, weak but significant intramolecular hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interaction are also shown. These contacts lead to aggregation and supramolecular assembly of complexes 1 and 2 into 1D or 2D framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nine triorganotin(IV) complexes of the type R3SnL (L=L1 R=Me 1, Ph 2, PhCH2 3; L=L2 R=Me 4, Ph 5, PhCH2 6; L=L2 R=Me 7, Ph 8, PhCH2 9) have been obtained by reaction of new Schiff base HL1, HL2 or HL3 with triorganotin(IV) chloride in the presence of sodium ethoxide. All the complexes 1–9 were characterized by elemental, IR and NMR spectra analyses. Except for complexes 3, 4, 6, 9, the others were also characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses, which revealed that complexes 1, 2, 5, 7, 8 were four coordinated and displayed a capped tetrahedron. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new macrocycle dimethyltin(IV) complex 1 has been synthesized by the reaction of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol with dimethyltin dichloride in the presence of sodium ethoxide. The complex 1 has been characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectra and X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses. X-ray data reveal that a 24-membered macrocycle associated by intermolecular CO non-bonded weak interactions. The geometry about each tin atom involved is distorted trigonal bipyramidal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Three new organotin(IV) complexes with 4-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolin-3(2H)-thione {Me3Sn[N(C4H4F3N2S)]} n (1), Ph3Sn[S(C4H4F3N2)] (2), and {n-Bu2Sn[N(C4H4F3N2S)](μ-OH)}2 (3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR analyses and X-ray crystallography. The central tin atoms of complexes 1–3 are all five-coordinated with distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometries. Interestingly, 1 shows an infinite helical polymeric chain structure via intermolecular Sn←S interactions, however, 2 and 3 show dimeric and Sn2O2 unit structures, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of triorganotin (IV) complexes with 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoic acid and mixed-ligands of the types: R3Sn(O2CC6HF4) m ·L (m =1, L=0, R=Ph 1; m =1, L=Ph3PO, R=Ph 4, Me 5), [R3Sn(O2CC6HF4)] m ·L (m =2, L=4,4′-bipy, R=Ph 2, Me 3; m = n, L=0, R=Me 6), and [R3Sn(O2CC6HF4)·(H2O)] m ·L·C2H5OH (m =2, L=Phen, R=Ph 7, Me 8), (4,4′-bipy=4,4′-bipyridyl; Phen=1,10-phenanthroline), have been synthesized by the reaction of triorganotin chloride and 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoic acid in the presence of mixed-ligands: 4,4′-bipy, triphenylphosphine oxide, or phen. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectroscopy analysis. Except for 5 and 8, all the complexes were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The triethylammonium dicarboxylatotriorganostannates, [(C2H5)3NH][R3Sn(3,5-pdc)] · mH2O (3,5-pdc = 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate) (m = 1, R = Me 1; m = 0, R = Ph 2, PhCH23, n-Bu 4), [(C2H5)3NH][R3Sn(5-nip)] (5-nip = 5-nitroisophthalate) (R = Me 5, Ph 6, PhCH27,n-Bu 8) have been prepared from triethylamine, 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 5-nitroisophthalic acid and triorganotin chloride. Complexes 1–8 have been characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR analyses. Complexes 1, 2, 5 and 6 are also determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. For 1, 2, 5 and 6, each carboxylate moiety is involved in coordination to a tin center via only one O atom showing that the Sn atoms are five-coordinate and exist in trigonal bipyramidal geometries. Moreover, for 2, 5 and 6, the nitrogen atoms of ammonium are hydrogen bonded to the pendant carboxyl oxygen. In 1, adjacent polymeric chains and triethylammonium are linked by hydrogen bonds through the co-crystallized water molecule, thus a 2D network is formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of new organotin(IV) derivatives with 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoic acid: {[(2,3,4,5-F4C6HCO2)R2Sn]2O}2 (R=Et 1, n-Bu 2, Ph 3), [R2Sn(O2CC6F4H)2] n (R= n-Bu 4, Et 5, Ph 6), and Sn2R4(O2CC6F4H)3(OH) (R=Et 7, n-Bu 8, Ph 9), were synthesized by the reaction of diorganotin oxide and 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoic acid. All the complexes 1-9 have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectra. Among them complexes 2, 4, 8 were also characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses. The crystal structure of complex 2 exhibited a tetra-nuclear geometry with the Sn2O2 symmetry core. Complex 4 formed a 1D helical double-chain structure through intermolecular O→Sn coordinating and completed a DNA-like assembly. Complex 8 revealed that the both Sn atoms were held together by hydroxide and acetate bridges, forming a chair-like six-membered ring. Moreover, the supramolecular structures of dimer, 1D chain or 2D network have been found in complexes 4 and 8 by intermolecular C–H⋯F weak hydrogen bond and non-bonded F⋯F or F⋯Sn interaction, which were highly effective in the assembly of supramolecular structures and could lead to the formation of complexes with fascinating topologies properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The self-assembly reaction of 4-hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine, KOH and di-n-butyltin dichloride in CH3OH and H2O (V/V=1:1) under solvothermal conditions (150°C) affords a novel one-dimensional infinite polymeric chain complex 1, which involves high centrosymmetric units containing centrosymmetric hydrolysis ladders and unhydrolyzed Bu2Sn(IV) moieties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel 3D diorganotin framework, {[(nBu2Sn)2(dmsa)]2 ·MeOH} n (1), has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectra, TGA and X-ray crystallography. The structure analysis of complex 1 reveals that guest methanol molecules are established in the hydrophobic “pseudo-channels” of this framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The trimethyltin(IV) polymer [(Me3Sn)2(nip)·EtOH] n (1) of 5-nitroisophthalic acid (H2nip) and its three derivatives with mixed organic N-donor ligands 2,2′-bipy [(Me3Sn)2(nip)·2H2O]·[(Me3Sn)2(nip)·H2O]·2(2,2′-bipy) (2) 4,4′-bipy {[(Me3Sn)2(nip)]2(4,4′-bipy)} n (3) or phen [(Me3Sn)2(nip)·H2O]·(phen) (4) have been synthesized by the reaction of trimethyltin(IV) chloride and H2nip when sodium ethoxide was added in the presence of 2,2′-bipy 4,4′-bipy or phen. All complexes 1–4 were characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography analyses. Crystal, data collection and structure refinement parameters for complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4 are shown in , respectively. The X-ray data showed the geometries of all the tin atoms in complexes 1–4 are trigonal bipyramidal. The X-ray analysis of 1 showed that the structure was a polymeric infinite chain with neighboring triorganotin centers being linked by dicarboxylate ligands and hydrogen bonds were found between adjacent chains. For 2, two different monomers were found, in one monomer, Me3Sn were coordinated to both carboxyl groups of the ligand and water molecules were coordinated to the two Sn(IV) centers. In the other monomer, water molecules were coordinated to only one Sn center. Co-crystallized2,2′-bipy was found in 2 and a 2D supermolecular structure was formed via O–H⋯O and O–H⋯N (N atoms derived from 2,2′-bipy) hydrogen bonds. In 3 however, a 2D polymeric block was formed due to the inversion center of the 4,4′-bipy. For 4, due to the O–H⋯O and O–H⋯N (N atoms derived from phen) hydrogen bonds and intermolecular Sn⋯O bonds, a 2D polymeric structure was formed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Eight new organoantimony(V) complexes with 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol [L1H] and 2,5-dimercapto-4-phenyl-1,3,4-thiodiazole [L2H] of the type R n SbL5− n (L=L1: n =4, R= n-Bu 1, Ph 2, n =3, R=Me 3, Ph 4; L=L2: n =4, R= n-Bu 5, Ph 6, n =3, R=Me 7, Ph 8) have been synthesized. All the complexes 1–8 have been characterized by elemental, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR analyses. Among them complexes 2, 6 and 8 have also been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The structure analyses show that the antimony atoms in complexes 2 and 6 display a trigonal bipyramid geometry, while it displays a distorted capped trigonal prism in complex 8 with two intramolecular Sb⋯N weak interactions. Furthermore, the supramolecular structure of 2 has been found to consist of one-dimensional linear molecular chain built up by intermolecular C–H⋯N weak hydrogen bonds, while a macrocyclic dimer has been found in complex 6 linked by intermolecular C–H⋯S weak hydrogen bonds with head-to-tail arrangement. Interestingly, one-dimensional helical chain is recognized in complex 8, which is connected by intermolecular C–H⋯S weak hydrogen bonds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of new triorganotin(IV) complexes with 4-hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine (L1H2), 4-hydroxy-2-mercapto-pyrimidine (L2H2), 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedithione (L3H2) () of the type R3SnLSnR3 (R=Me 1, 4, 7; R=Ph 2, 5, 8; R=PhCH2 3, 6, 9) have been synthesized by reactions of triorganotin(IV) chloride and corresponding ligands. All complexes are characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and NMR spectra analyses. Among them, complexes 2, 5 and 8 are also characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses. Significant π⋯π stacking, C–H⋯π interactions and intramolecular hydrogen bonds stabilize these structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of new triorganotin(IV) pyridinedicarboxylates [(C2H5)3NH][(Me3Sn)3(2,6-pdc)2(H2O)2] (1), [(C2H5)3NH][(Ph3Sn)3(2,6-pdc)2(H2O)2] (2), [(C2H5)3NH]{[(PhCH2)3Sn]3(2,6-pdc)2(H2O)2} (3), [Me3Sn(3,5-pdc)] n (4), [Ph3Sn(3,5-pdc)] n (5), [(PhCH2)3Sn(3,5-pdc)] n (6), [(Me3Sn)2(2,5-pdc)] n (7), [(Ph3Sn)2(2,5-pdc)] n (8) and {[(PhCH2)3Sn]2(2,5-pdc)} n (9) were synthesized by the reaction of trimethyltin(IV), triphenyltin(IV) or tribenzyltin(IV) chloride with 2,6(3,5 or 2,5)-H2pdc (pdc=pyridinedicarboxylate) when triethylamine was added. Complexes 1–9 have been characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR analyses. Among them complexes 1, 5 and 7 have also been characterized by X-ray crystallographic diffraction analyses. Complex 1 has a trinuclear structure and forms a 2D supramolecular structure due to the coordinated water molecules via hydrogen bonds to the pendant O atoms of the carboxyl groups and the N atoms derived of the pyridine ring. Complex 5 forms a 1D polymeric chain by the intermolecular Sn⋯N (N atom derived of pyridine ring) interactions. Complex 7 has a network structure where 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate acts as a tetradentate ligand coordinated to trimethyltin(IV) ions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The triorganotin(IV) derivatives of 2-mercapto-4-quinazolinone (HSqualone) of the type, R3SnL (R=Ph 1, CH3 2, PhCH2 3, p-F-PhCH2 4, o-F-PhCH2 5, n-Bu 6), were obtained by the reaction of the R3SnCl and HSqualone with 1:1 molar ratio in benzene. All complexes 1–6 were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and the crystal structures of complexes 1–3 were also confirmed by X–ray crystallography. The structure analyses reveal that the tin atoms of complexes 1–3 are all distorted tetrahedral geometries. Furthermore, the dimeric structures in complexes 1–3 have also been found linked by intermolecular O–H⋯N or N–H⋯O hydrogen bonding interaction. Interestingly, the dimers of complexes 2 and 3 are further linked into one-dimensional chain through intermolecular C–H⋯S and C–H⋯O weak hydrogen bonding interactions, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of organotin (IV) complexes with 6-amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol of the type [(R n SnCl4−n )2 (C3H2N4S2)] (n =3: R=Me 1, n-Bu 2, PhCH2 3, Ph 4; n =2: R=Me 5, n-Bu 6, PhCH2 7, Ph 8) have been synthesized. All the complexes 1–8 have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Among them complexes 1, 4, 5 and 8 have also been characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses, which revealed that the tin atoms of complexes 1, 4, 5 and 8 are all five-coordinated with distorted trigonal bipyramid geometries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel cyclic dimethyltin complex [Me2Sn(2,6-pdc)]3 (1) (2,6-pdc=2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate) was synthesized by the reaction of dimethyltin (IV) dichloride and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate acid in methanol under solvothermal conditions (150°C). However, under room temperature (25°C), we obtained a ladder complex [Me2Sn(2,6-pdc)]2(MeOH)2 (2). Characterization of complexes 1 and 2 was achieved using elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction. X-ray data of 1 revealed that it was an unusual cyclic complex with a discrete cyclotrinuclear unit, in which the 12-membered cyclic cavity is almost completely planar. X-ray data of 2 showed that it was a ladder complex, in which a crystallizing methanol molecule is found in each formula unit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of diorganotin (IV) complexes of the types of R2SnCl(SSCC3H3N2) (R=CH3 1, n Bu 2, C6H5 3 and C6H5CH2 4), R2Sn(SSCC3H3N2)2 (R=CH3 5, n Bu 6, C6H5 7 and C6H5CH2 8) and R2Sn(SSCC3H2N2) (R=CH3 9, n Bu 10, C6H5 11 and C6H5CH2 12) have been obtained by reactions of 4(5)-imidazoledithiocarboxylic acid with diorganotin (IV) dichlorides in the presence of sodium ethoxide. All complexes are characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectra analyses. Also, the complexes 1, 7 and 9 are characterized by X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses, which reveal that the complex 1 is monomeric structure with five-coordinate tin (IV) atom, the complex 7 is monomeric structure with six-coordinate tin (IV) atom and the complex 9 is one-dimensional chain with five-coordinate tin (IV) atom. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Twelve new organotin complexes with 4-sulfanylbenzoic acid of two types: R n Sn[S(C6H4COOH)]4−n (I) (n =3: R=Me 1, n-Bu 2, Ph 3; PhCH2 4; n =2: R=Me 5; n-Bu 6, Ph 7, PhCH2 8) and R3Sn(SC6H4COO)SnR3 ·mEtOH (II) (m =0: R=Me 9, n-Bu 10, PhCH2 12; m =2: R=Ph 11), along with the 4,4′-bipy adduct of 9, [Me3Sn(SC6H4COO)SnMe3]24,4-bipy) 13, have been synthesized. The coordination behavior of 4-sulfanylbenzoic acid is monodentate in 1–8 by thiol S atom but not carboxylic oxygen atom. While, in 9–13 it behaves as multidenate by both thiol S atom and carboxylic oxygen atoms. The supramolecular structures of 6, 11 and 13 have been found to consist of 1D molecular chains built up by intermolecular O–H⋯O, C–H⋯O or C–H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The supramolecular aggregation of 7 is 2D network determined by two C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Extended intermolecular C–H⋯O interactions in the crystal lattice of 9 link the molecules into a 2D network. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]