23 results on '"Michel, Bourgeois"'
Search Results
2. Haïti mythe ou réalité: Deux cents ans d'indépendance 1804-2004
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois and Michel Bourgeois
- Published
- 2014
3. Senghor et la décolonisation: Radio Dissoo, la révolte paysanne
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois and Michel Bourgeois
- Published
- 2012
4. Risks of extreme and rare events in Asset Management
- Author
-
Dragan Komljenovic, Georges Abdul-Nour, Mohamed Gaha, Michel Bourgeois, and Christian Langheit
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Engineering ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,02 engineering and technology ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Order (exchange) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Rare events ,Lack of knowledge ,Asset management ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,business ,Risk assessment ,Complex adaptive system ,Safety Research ,computer - Abstract
Modern companies operate in a complex business and operational environment, which generates new types of risks that were relatively unknown just a few decades ago (e.g. cyber security), and creates favorable conditions for the emerging of extreme and rare events that may seriously perturb the current and long-term performance of enterprises. Current practices generally neglect taking into account those risks. Analyzing and managing them through traditional methods has recently shown to be less efficient. Advice and input from technical experts, strategic planners or knowledgeable managers may be insufficient or too narrowly focused to adequately manage the complexity of the systems and structures in a constantly changing and barely predictable environment. It is generally due to a lack of knowledge regarding the type and range of uncertainties, the nature of interconnections, the level of complexity, as well as our low ability to predict future events. Consequently, enterprises need alternative and enhanced methods and tools in order to better understand and model the complex business and operational environment and the associated risks. This paper proposes a high level Risk-Informed Decision-Making framework in Asset Management that integrates risks extreme and rare events as part of an overall risk assessment and management activity. The research focuses on the methodology aimed at identifying, assessing and managing those risks in Asset Management. We believe that this approach may support organizations in becoming companies more resilient and robust in a changing and complex environment. We expose two case studies that demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model.
- Published
- 2016
5. ToF-SIMS and XPS characterization of antimicrobial textiles for the food processing industry
- Author
-
Caroline Yu, Farida Simon, Elise Chadeau, Carol Grossiord, Christine Darroux, Céline Brunon, Isabelle Ferreira, Didier Léonard, Nadia Oulahal, Fabrice Rimbault, François Bessueille, and Michel Bourgeois
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Biocide ,Textile ,Food industry ,business.industry ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Antimicrobial ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Polyester ,chemistry ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,Materials Chemistry ,Surface modification ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Textiles for the food processing industry are treated by a patented technology combining an ionic polymer (antimicrobial agent) and a precipitating agent to obtain an insoluble deposit expected to exhibit antimicrobial properties. ToF-SIMS and XPS are used in the understanding of the surface chemistry at various steps of treatments (cleaning step prior to surface modification, antimicrobial deposit, industrial ISO 15797 washing). ToF-SIMS and XPS analyses show that the signatures of the antimicrobial treatment are detected at the surface after treatment. After industrial ISO 15797 washings, the precipitating agent is rapidly removed (possibly replaced by washing agent components) while the antimicrobial agent (PHMB) is still detected but is significantly removed from the surface after five washings. ToF-SIMS and XPS data are compared to microbiological tests specifically intended in relation with food processing industry applications. After the antimicrobial treatment, the surface is biocide as well as after a single ISO 15797 washing, but after 5 washings, either the surface is slightly active (cotton-based textile) or not active anymore (polyester-based textile). The XPS N atomic percentage variation is unable to explain this difference. Even though a slight difference is observed for the ToF-SIMS normalized intensity for m/z = 184.1561 (PHMB molecular peak) between C/P and P/C samples, it can hardly be concluded that this would be the only explanation for the difference in activity. ToF-SIMS indicates that cotton is the textile component still detected at the surface of the washed samples. This could play a role in the remaining efficiency of the antimicrobial treatment after industrial washing.
- Published
- 2010
6. A Lons-le-Saunier (France) L'amitié: un puissant moteur pour adapter les activités du musée aux handicapés
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois Lechartier
- Published
- 2009
7. Le retraitement des combustibles nucléaires. Bilan d'un demi-siècle
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois
- Published
- 1996
8. Fibres agrosourcées
- Author
-
Michel BOURGEOIS
- Published
- 2011
9. Energy expenditure during synthetic surfactant replacement therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
- Author
-
Walker Long, Harry Bard, Philippe Chessex, Michel Bourgeois, Joëlle Hazan, and Bruno Piedboeuf
- Subjects
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome ,Phosphorylcholine ,Placebo ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Work of breathing ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pulmonary surfactant ,medicine ,Humans ,Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ,Respiratory distress ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Calorimetry, Indirect ,Pulmonary Surfactants ,Infant, Low Birth Weight ,medicine.disease ,Oxygen tension ,Respiratory quotient ,Drug Combinations ,chemistry ,Anesthesia ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Carbon dioxide ,Fatty Alcohols ,Energy Metabolism ,business - Abstract
Little information is available on the energy expenditure of infants with increased work of breathing from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). A study was carried out to determine whether surfactant replacement therapy modifies respiratory gas exchange in newborn infants with RDS and an arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio of less than 0.22. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, rescue trial, infants received either two 5 ml/kg doses of a synthetic surfactant, Exosurf Neonatal, or air placebo. Of 23 infants ventilated for RDS, 11 were randomly assigned to receive air and 12 to receive surfactant. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient, and metabolic rate were measured by computerized, closed-circuit, indirect calorimetry. Concomitantly, transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide tension were continuously recorded. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production remained constant during the period infants received surfactant. In patients randomly assigned to surfactant, a decrease in respiratory quotient was observed after the first (p less than 0.025) but not the second dose. This decrease was possibly related to a change in substrate utilization. The improved clinical outcomes reported among infants receiving surfactant were not accompanied by changes in energy expenditure.
- Published
- 1992
10. [Children's visual defects screening in general practitioner's consulting room. Prospective study conducted among 200 physicians from the French département of Bouches-du-Rhône from June to November 2004]
- Author
-
Delphine, Delattre-Slim, Michel, Bourgeois, Jean-Robert, Harlé, and Danièle, Denis
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Internet ,Infant, Newborn ,Vision Disorders ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,Ophthalmology ,Child, Preschool ,Health Care Surveys ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Female ,France ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Family Practice ,Referral and Consultation - Abstract
One out of 7 children has visual defects. Visual system is incriminated in 80% of children learning. The earlier the detection of visual defects is discovered the more successful the treatment can be. Our work aimed at defining what the reality about visual defects screening was in GP's consulting rooms. We received 87 answers out of 200 questionnaires sent to GP practicing in the Bouches-du-Rhône. This survey revealed a lack of information on screening for visual disorders in children among surveyed physicians, which had a clear impact on their practice; 84 of them were not aware of the Anaes guidelines concerning screening for visual disorders in children. At the close of this project, we developed a simple document (double-sided A4 paper) summarizing the required material as well as screening procedures that can be easily performed in general practice offices. A website offering the same information was designed as well. The next step will consist in assessing among general practitioners the benefits of these documents and their impact on routine practice.
- Published
- 2008
11. Retraitement du combustible - Traitement des déchets
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois
- Abstract
Les differentes etapes des procedes de retraitement sont generatrices d’ effluents radioactifs gazeux, liquides et solides . En regle generale, ces dechets ne peuvent pas etre rejetes directement dans l’environnement. Ils doivent donc etre traites de maniere a respecter les limitations fixees dans le cadre des autorisations de rejets. Les residus de ces traitements devront etre ensuite conditionnes sous une forme solide la plus stable possible en vue de leur stockage. La politique suivie dans les usines modernes consiste a effectuer ces traitements et ces conditionnements le plus rapidement possible de maniere a reduire au minimum les entreposages tampons, avec le souci de minimiser en volume et en activite les dechets produits, notamment en recyclant le plus possible les reactifs (acide nitrique, solvant) dans le procede. Dans le cadre de la loi francaise du 30/12/1991 relative aux recherches sur la gestion des dechets radioactifs, un programme important est mene sur un plan international dans plusieurs directions avec pour objectif une separation plus complete des radionucleides de tres longue duree de vie en vue de leur eventuelle transmutation en elements moins nocifs, de maniere a diminuer encore plus fortement les nuisances potentielles a long terme des dechets a stocker. Nota : L’etude complete du sujet comprend les articles : — Retraitement du combustible- Principales operations – Retraitement du combustible. Principales operations ; — Retraitement du combustible- Traitement des dechets – Retraitement du combustible. Traitement des dechets (le present article) ; — Retraitement du combustible- Procedes, ingenierie et usines – Retraitement du combustible. Procedes, ingenierie et usines ; — Doc. BN 3 653 – Retraitement du combustible.
- Published
- 2000
12. Retraitement du combustible - Procédés, ingénierie et usines
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois
- Abstract
Depuis sa premiere mise en œuvre industrielle en 1954 a Savannah River aux Etats-Unis, le procede de retraitement PUREX a fait la preuve de ses facultes d’adaptation a l’evolution des combustibles. Il reste encore ouvert a d’autres possibilites d’amelioration, avec notamment comme objectif la diminution des couts et de l’impact sur l’environnement. Le developpement et les succes du procede PUREX n’ont pas empeche d’etudier en parallele d’ autres procedes tres differents , tout particulierement en milieux non aqueux, comme les procedes de volatilisation des halogenures ou les procedes pyrometallurgiques ou pyrochimiques. Un changement radical de procede ne pourrait se justifier que pour repondre a des choix de combustibles se pretant mal au procede PUREX, comme par exemple des alliages a base de zirconium particulierement difficiles a mettre en solution nitrique ou des sels fondus. Un regain d’interet pour les procedes pyrochimiques se manifeste cependant aujourd’hui dans le cadre de la reduction des elements a vie longue dans les dechets provenant des usines de retraitement. Le thorium est susceptible, comme l’uranium, d’alimenter un cycle de combustible a des fins de production d’energie. Plus repandu que l’uranium, d’ou son attrait pour certains pays comme l’Inde et le Japon, le thorium ne possede pas d’isotope fissile. Il doit donc etre necessairement associe a de l’uranium ou du plutonium pour obtenir un combustible nucleaire. Les difficultes de mise en œuvre du cycle, liees en particulier a la presence d’emetteurs gamma tres energiques dans les produits recuperes au retraitement (uranium 233 et thorium), ont largement freine son application. Les usines de retraitement ne ressemblent en rien a celles de l’industrie classique du fait des precautions draconiennes necessitees par la manipulation de matieres tres radioactives dont certaines sont en plus fissiles. Le confinement de la radioactivite, la prevention des risques de criticite et les choix faits, en matiere d’entretien et de maintenance des installations, conditionnent notamment fortement leur structure. Le retraitement est parvenu a maturite industrielle avec la mise en service en 1990 de l’usine commerciale UP3 de la COGEMA a La Hague suivie en 1994 de celle de l’usine anglaise Thorp a Sellafield et de l’usine UP2-800 a La Hague, et la construction de l’usine japonaise de Rokkasho-Mura, dont le demarrage est prevu vers 2005. Les performances atteintes en matiere de capacite, de rendement et de qualite des produits dans les usines modernes sont excellentes, avec des rejets de radioactivite dans l’environnement bien inferieures aux quantites autorisees. La grande fiabilite du procede et des appareils, la prevision des operations d’entretien et de maintenance ont permis, en evitant d’avoir recours a des interventions directes, une diminution constante des equivalents de dose recus par le personnel. Le volume des dechets contenant des elements a vie longue est egalement en constante diminution. Si les usines francaises couvrent largement les besoins nationaux, ce qui permet d’offrir des services a des clients etrangers, la capacite totale des usines dans le monde est loin d’etre a la hauteur des quantites de combustibles decharges. Nota : L’etude complete du sujet comprend les articles : — BN 3 650 – Retraitement du combustible. Principales operations ; — BN 3 651 – Retraitement du combustible. Traitement des dechets ; — Retraitement du combustible- Procedes, ingenierie et usines – Retraitement du combustible. Procedes, ingenierie et usines (le present article) ; — Doc. BN 3 653 – Retraitement du combustible.
- Published
- 2000
13. Retraitement du combustible - Principales opérations
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois
- Abstract
Le devenir des combustibles decharges des reacteurs nucleaires constitue pour l’industrie nucleaire une des preoccupations majeures , avec comme alternative leur retraitement ou leur stockage definitif en l’etat (stockage direct). Le choix entre ces deux strategies comporte des enjeux d’ordre politique, economique et ecologique. Contrairement au stockage direct, le retraitement — expression abregee tiree de l’anglais « reprocessing » pour « traitement des combustibles irradies » — presente, certes au prix d’operations tres complexes, le double interet de recuperer, a un degre de purete autorisant leur recyclage dans de nouveaux combustibles, les matieres nucleaires energetiques (uranium, plutonium ; thorium le cas echeant) et de conditionner les dechets radioactifs sous la forme la mieux adaptee a leur stockage definitif, avec une reduction significative de leur volume total et de leur radiotoxicite. Cette solution ouvre egalement la voie a une reduction encore plus importante de la nuisance potentielle a long terme des dechets en separant de maniere plus complete les elements radioactifs a vie longue et en les transmutant en elements stables ou a vie courte. A l’origine, le retraitement a eu pour unique but l’obtention de plutonium destine a la fabrication d’armes nucleaires. Le developpement du retraitement a des fins civiles est etroitement lie a celui des reacteurs electronucleaires, en tenant compte notamment des quantites et des caracteristiques des combustibles irradies decharges et des besoins en matieres energetiques. Actuellement, les reacteurs a eau ordinaire constituent la grande majorite du parc electronucleaire mondial et la totalite du parc francais, si l’on excepte le reacteur prototype a neutrons rapides Phenix, depuis l’extinction de la filiere a uranium naturel graphite-gaz en 1994 et l’abandon du reacteur a neutrons rapides Superphenix en 1998. Le procede PUREX (Plutonium Uranium Refining by Extraction), consistant a une mise en solution nitrique du combustible irradie suivie d’une serie d’extractions selectives par le phosphate tributylique, a rapidement supplante tous les autres. Il reste depuis pres de cinquante ans a la base des procedes retenus dans les installations industrielles. C’est le cas actuellement pour les usines en service (La Hague en France et Sellafield au Royaume-Uni), ou en construction (Rokkasho-Mura au Japon), dediees au retraitement des combustibles des reacteurs a eau ordinaire. Cette premiere partie, consacree a la description des principales etapes du procede, allant de la reception des combustibles a l’elaboration des produits finis (uranium et plutonium), est axee sur leur mise en œuvre dans ces usines, en mentionnant cependant les principales variantes qui ont ete utilisees dans des installations anterieures ainsi que les aspects specifiques du retraitement d’autres types de combustibles, en particulier ceux des autres reacteurs qui ont ete developpes en France : uranium naturel graphite-gaz et neutrons rapides. Nota : L’etude complete du sujet comprend les articles : — Retraitement du combustible- Principales operations – Retraitement du combustible. Principales operations (le present article) ; Retraitement du combustible- Traitement des dechets – Retraitement du combustible. Traitement des dechets ; — Retraitement du combustible- Procedes, ingenierie et usines – Retraitement du combustible. Procedes, ingenierie et usines ; — Doc. BN 3 653 – Retraitement du combustible.
- Published
- 2000
14. Didactique de la gymnastique
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois
- Published
- 1998
15. Retraitement du combustible
- Author
-
Michel BOURGEOIS
- Published
- 1994
16. A protocol for aerosol therapy in acute hospitalized asthmatics
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois, Jacques-Edouard Marcotte, Susan Pamela Drblik, Guy Lapierre, Sheldon Spier, and André Lamarre
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Clinical Protocols ,Bronchodilator ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Albuterol ,Medical prescription ,Adverse effect ,Child ,Asthma ,Protocol (science) ,Aerosols ,Inhalation ,business.industry ,Respiratory disease ,medicine.disease ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Hospitalization ,Anesthesia ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Emergency medicine ,Acute Disease ,Salbutamol ,business ,Algorithms ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The most important element in the treatment of acute hospitalized asthmatics is salbutamol administered via wet nebulization prescribed usually on a subjective evaluation of the patient's status. This study outlines a novel protocol that incorporates the FEV1 variable as the major objective parameter in a feedback loop. Data from patients admitted in the year prior to the initiation of the protocol (N = 348) were compared with similar data from patients hospitalized the year following institution of the protocol (N = 238). There were no withdrawals from the protocol due to adverse effects nor were there any deteriorations requiring ICU admission. A significant decrease in the length of hospitalization and the number of salbutamol prescriptions per hospitalization was observed after, relative to before, institution of the protocol (2.2 vs. 2.6 days; 2.3 vs. 3.8; p < .05, respectively). It is concluded that this protocol is safe and efficient, and may also be more efficacious than a nonstandardized approach for treating the hospitalized asthmatic child.
- Published
- 1992
17. At Lons-le-Saunier (France): Friendship: the most powerful force.
- Author
-
Lechartier, Michel Bourgeois
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A Lons-le-Saunier (France) L'amitié: un puissant moteur pour adapter les activités du musée aux handicapés.
- Author
-
Lechartier, Michel Bourgeois
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Attitudes et comportements de la population rurale sénégalaise vis-à-vis des moyens audio-visuels de formation
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois
- Abstract
Pour mieux percevoir le role determinant que seront necessairement amenes a jouer les moyens audio-visuels dans les domaines de la formation et du developpement, il n'est que de reflechir aux dimensions que sont en train de prendre, un peu partout dans le monde, les besoins en matiere d'education. De nos jours, en effet, l'enseignement touche de plus en plus toutes les cate gories de la population, a tous les âges, de sorte que « l'ecole n'est plus, et de loin, la seule dispensatrice du savoir ». Il est desormais necessaire de continuer a acquerir des connaissances ou des competences tout au long de la vie, que ce soit au travers de la specialisation professionnelle, du perfec tionnement, du recyclage ou de l'education permanente, pour ne citer que ces quelques exemples. Cependant, ce phenomene est peut-etre encore plus frappant dans les pays en developpement ou, comme le dit le President du Senegal, « le prealable au developpement, en tout cas sa condition sine qua non, c'est l'education; car, poursuit-il, l'obstacle majeur, le defi qui se dresse sur la route de l'an 2000 n'est pas du domaine de la puissance materielle, « c'est un obstacle socio culturel qui est du domaine de l'âme » ». Dans ces conditions, il est evident que les changements ou les progres qu'il faut realiser dans les differents domaines qui concourent a la realisation des objectifs de developpement ne sauraient etre obtenus sans un engagement et sans une participation des populations aux efforts de modernisation, ce qui suppose une action importante et permanente d'information et de for mation de ces populations, a tous les niveaux.
- Published
- 1977
20. At Lons‐le‐Saunier (France): Friendship: the most powerful force
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois Lechartier
- Subjects
Friendship ,Operations research ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Museology ,Gender studies ,Conservation ,Sociology ,media_common - Published
- 1981
21. Antihistaminic drugs in treatment of nonhemolytic transfusion reactions
- Author
-
R Martin, Michel Bourgeois-Gavardin, and C. Ronald Stephen
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Blood replacement ,business.industry ,Transfusion Reaction ,Cross matching ,Tripelennamine ,Anti-Allergic Agents ,Hypersensitivity ,Medicine ,Antihistaminic drugs ,In patient ,Transfusion therapy ,Blood Transfusion ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Blood bank - Abstract
With the introduction of the blood bank in this country in 1937,1the administrative responsibilities of blood replacement in patients have become centralized and organized. Placing the onus of adequate cross matching in the hands of a few has reduced the technical hazards of transfusion almost to an irreducible minimum. The value of transfusion therapy has been accorded increasing recognition through these years, being established without doubt by the experiences of World War II. Today it is recognized universally that no satisfactory substitute exists for blood when the need for it is indicated in a patient. Although the indications and necessity for blood transfusions are well established, hazards associated with its use are existent that may loom large enough in the minds of some physicians to cause hesitation in recommending it prophylactically or even at critical moments. The more common dangers or complications are (1) hemolytic transfusion reactions, (2)
- Published
- 1955
22. Les enseignements de l'agronomie
- Author
-
Patrick Le Roux, Michel Bourgeois, and F. Baudet
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,History ,Archeology ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art ,Humanities ,media_common - Abstract
Bourgeois M., Baudet F., Le Roux Patrick. Les enseignements de l'agronomie. In: Melanges de la Casa de Velazquez, tome 8, 1972. pp. 627-634.
- Published
- 1972
23. HYPOVENTILATION AND HYPERVENTILATION DURING ANESTHESIA FOR THORACIC SURGERY
- Author
-
Michel Bourgeois-Gavardin, C. Ronald Stephen, Leonard W. Fabian, and Sara J. Dent
- Subjects
Alkalosis ,business.industry ,Thoracic Surgery ,Hypoventilation ,Thoracic Surgical Procedures ,Thorax ,Artificial respiration ,medicine.disease ,Respiratory acidosis ,Anesthesiology ,Anesthesia ,Hyperventilation ,medicine ,Breathing ,Arterial blood ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Hypercapnia - Abstract
It is especially necessary to guard against the development of hypercapnia and hypoxia in the patient during thoracic surgery because so many factors may combine to interfere with pulmonary ventilation. It is especially difficult to judge the depth of anesthesia and adequacy of gas exchange when spontaneous respiration is replaced by controlled respiration. The possible advantages of deliberate hyperventilation were explored in 128 patients undergoing thoracic surgery. In most of them ventilation was achieved by manual compression of the reservoir bag, but in about 20 patients mechanical respirators were used. Samples of arterial blood were obtained for determinations of pH, pCO 2 , and oxygen saturation. Four case histories are given showing the possibility of maintaining normal acidbase balance or producing an alkalosis in this way, and illustrating the inadequacy of spontaneous respiration in some cases. There was no evidence that the methods of artificial respiration used hindered the return of venous blood to the heart. Excessive depth of anesthesia was avoided by using concentrations and quantities of anesthetics such that it was virtually impossible for deep planes of anesthesia to be attained. No ill-effects attributable to alkalosis were seen even in patients maintained in that state for several hours. The results indicate that an extensive evaluation of the relative merits of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis is desirable.
- Published
- 1958
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.