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Background: Obesity is a public health problem worldwide; it has reached pandemic proportions in the last 40 years. Its prevalence in children and adolescents increased from 0.7% to 7.8% between 1975 and 2016. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as regulatory factors related to molecular functions under different conditions. These can be used as biomarkers of a disease to estimate risks in the early stages. Objective: This study aimed to determine the expression levels of miRNAs associated with childhood obesity and their relationships with biochemical parameters and Health-related Physical Fitness (HRPF). Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a population of 40 children between 6 and 10 years of age of both sexes from Cali, Colombia, was evaluated; the children were classified as 20 normal-weight and 20 obese. Blood biochemistry, HRPF, and miRNA expression levels were determined (hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-222-3p. Comparisons were made between the groups, miRNA associations between the studied variables, and linear regression analysis. Results: Twenty normal-weight and 20 obese patients were evaluated. Both groups had an average age of eight years old. The miRNA hsa-miR-122-5p (p < 0.05) was overexpressed in the obese group. According to the linear regression analysis, the amount of adipose tissue may be associated with the production of miRNAs (hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, and hsa-miR-191-5p). Conclusion: Four miRNAs (hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, and hsa-miR-191-5p) are associated with modifications in biochemical variables of HRPF in this group. Adipose tissue mass could be associated with the production of these miRNAs, thus making them biomarkers of childhood obesity risk.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the most abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules, and had been associated to the metabolic syndrome, higher BMI, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. In this sense, miRNAs could help to understand the mechanism behind the development of metabolic syndrome.To determine the relationship between circulating microRNAs and the metabolic syndrome in adult population.We performed a systematic review according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and following the PRISMA Statement. The results were grouped for miRNAs levels in MetS and metabolic variables included in MetS and their statistic association with miRNAs levels.We finally included sixteen studies with a total of 7195 individuals. We found 47 miRNAs reported to be related to metabolic syndrome (p 0,05) and 98 associated with the metabolic alterations included in its diagnostic (p 0,05). Forty-nine miRNAs levels were described as relate to insulin resistance, 29 with high triglycerides, 35 with hypertension, 28 with obesity, and 16 miRNAs with cholesterol HDL(p 0,05). Changes in levels of miR-505-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-320b, miR-342-3p, miR-197-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-103, miR-130a, miR-155-5p and miR-375, were reported as significant in more than one study. The results only included a descriptive synthesis, clinical heterogeneity did not allow a meta-analysis.The findings on the current systematic review suggests a possible relationship between miRNAs with metabolic syndrome and metabolic traits. This association could help to understand the mechanism behind the develop of the metabolic syndrome. However, more studies are necessary for further validation.

Background: Overweight and obesity prevalence has risen substantially in the last years. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are factors that regulate gene expression through binding to a complementary sequence of mRNA. Objective: The objective of this review is to determine the association between the expression of miRNAs with overweight and obesity in children. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL. Clinical trials, cohort studies, cases and controls, and cross-section studies were included. Quasi-experimental, prognostic studies, animal experiments, in silico studies, and studies on the adult population were excluded. Results: Seven studies (684 children) were included in this review. Three hundred and sixty-one children had obesity/overweight and 323 had normal weight. 40.64% (278) of the children were boys. The classification of obesity was inconsistent between the studies with several classifications used. A total of 65 miRNAs were reported to be associated with obesity and overweight; at least two studies reported miR-122, miR-122-5p, miR-15b, miR15b-5p, miR191-5p, miR-222, miR-222-3p, miR 486, miR-486-3p and miR-486-5p. Blood samples were the most common samples used to measure miRNAs, and the approaches to select miRNAs were diverse, with four articles performing high-throughput techniques (sequencing and microarrays) before the validation of the miRNAs associated with obesity. Pathway analysis of the repeated miRNAs showed that they were involved in the regulation of metabolic and signaling pathways, including fatty acid metabolism. Conclusion: miRNAs are potential biomarkers of the development of pathologies, such as obesity. It was found a heterogeneous group of these molecules was associated with obesity in children. miR- 15b-5p, miR-486-5p, and hsa-miR-122-5p were considered as good candidates for obesity biomarkers.

Scope Very few studies have evaluated serum hepcidin in patients with type 2 diabetes and they have reported conflicting results. In addition, the effect of antidiabetic drugs on circulating hepcidin has not been explored so far. The aims of the study were to evaluate hepcidin concentrations and hepcidin/ferritin ratio in type 2 diabetes subjects and healthy non-diabetic controls and to evaluate the effect of metformin on hepcidin concentrations. Methods and results Study 1: Cross-sectional multivariate study of 239 non-diabetic individuals and 65 people with type 2 diabetes. The multivariate analysis included covariates of chronic inflammation, BMI, pharmacological treatment, menopausal status and insulin resistance. Study 2: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 4-month trial metformin compared to placebo among 36 type 2 diabetic patients. In both groups diet was controlled by maintaining a hypocaloric intake across the trial. Hepcidin levels were significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes than in non-diabetic individuals either in crude or adjusted regression models (P

Few studies have described the association between hepcidin levels and cardiometabolic risk in the general population and more so by considering robust adjustment for confounding factors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between circulating hepcidin and anthropometric, biochemical and vascular variables related to cardiometabolic risk in healthy individuals adjusting for relevant covariates.Two-hundred thirty nine individuals (20-65 years old) were included in this cross-sectional study. Outcome variables were fasting glucose, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and the Framingham risk score. Multivariate linear regression and ANCOVA analyses including covariates of body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, physical inactivity, alcohol intake, insulin resistance, subclinical/chronic inflammation, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptors were used to describe the associations between hepcidin and cardiometabolic risk markers.In adjusted linear regression analyses, there was no significant association in men. In women, a relationship between hepcidin and triglycerides became significant after adjustments (p 0.05). By comparing quartiles of hepcidin levels, systolic blood pressure values in men were significantly higher in the upper quartile of hepcidin vs. the rest of quartiles independently of BMI, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and other iron markers (ANCOVA, p 0.05). There were no significant independent associations with the Framingham risk score (total points).We found a threshold effect of hepcidin levels on systolic blood pressure specifically in men. Further larger studies and experimental research are required to investigate possible mechanisms for the relationship between hepcidin metabolism and vascular function.

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome, a set of metabolic anomalies that include insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and inflammation, is an important tool to explore factors associated to cardiometabolic disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the levels of self-reported physical activity and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire items and the metabolic syndrome and the variables related to cardiovascular risk in 89 women . Materials and methods: The short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied to classify participating subjects into three categories: insufficient, sufficient and very active physical activity. The metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Biochemical and anthropometrical parameters were measured . Results: Twenty-two participants (23%) presented metabolic syndrome and 66 women (74.2%) were classified in the insufficient physical activity category. No association was found between insufficient physical activity and metabolic syndrome . Inverse correlations were found among the days and minutes per week of physical activity of moderate-intensity, waist circumference ( r =-0.327, and r =-0.313, p

Objective To evaluate the relationship between nutrients intake in the first trimester of pregnancy and blood levels of lead and cadmium during the first and third trimesters of gestation. Methods A total of 381 pregnant women were enrolled. Blood lead and cadmium were measured using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, and dietary intake was assessed using 24-h recall questionnaire. Results Lead levels in the first trimester were negatively correlated with cadmium levels in the two trimesters, and levels of both metals correlated positively in the third trimester. Zinc and calcium intakes were negatively associated with blood lead during third trimester. Thiamine and folic acid intakes were negatively and positively associated (respectively) with blood lead at third trimester with marginal significance. Fat, niacin, and vitamin B12 intakes were significantly and positively associated with blood cadmium at first trimester. Folic acid and zinc intakes showed positive and marginally significant associations with blood cadmium without adjustments. At third trimester, blood cadmium was negatively associated to ascorbic acid intake, and positively associated with iron intake with a marginal significance. Conclusions Possible acute and late effects of nutrients intake in blood lead and cadmium levels could be related with associations exclusively observed in the first and third trimester. This study represents the first exploration of relationships among a wide range of nutrients intake in the first trimester of pregnancy with blood lead and cadmium in first and third trimester of gestation. Further studies are required to confirm the findings mentioned herein. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:344–350, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Objetivoevaluar la correlación entre las concentraciones séricas de ferritina y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular con el tiempo de actividad física y sedentarismo auto-reportados en hombres aparentemente sanos.Métodosse incluyeron 69 hombres pertenecientes a tres empresas de servicio privado y público del área metropolitana de Cali, Colombia, con edades entre 25 y 64 años. Se aplicó la versión corta del International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y se agruparon cuatro categorías de actividad física:1.Minutos actividad física intensa (AFI)/semana.2.Minutos actividad física moderada (AFM)/semana.3.Minutos caminata/semana.4.Minutos sentado/día.Los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular se definieron con base en los criterios del ATP-III y la Federación Internacional de Diabetes.Resultadosse encontraron correlaciones positivas en los sujetos que auto-reportaban mayor tiempo en actividades sedentarias según la categoría del IPAQ (minutos promedio sentado/día) en los indicadores antropométricos: porcentaje de grasa corporal (rho=0,249, p

Resumen Objetivo Determinar los valores por edad y sexo de los lipidos sericos colesterol total (CT), trigliceridos (TG), y colesterol de lipoproteinas de alta densidad (c-HDL) de ninos y adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos de Colombia. Material y metodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 1.773 ninos y adolescentes. A cada participante se le realizo una medicion en ayunas para cuantificar los niveles de CT, c-HDL y TG utilizando metodos enzimatico-colorimetricos. Se calcularon centiles a partir de la regresion LMS por edad y sexo p5, p25, p50, p75, p90 y p95 con el metodo de los Least Mean squares (LMS, ‘minimos cuadrados’) por curvas centiles que representan la asimetria, la mediana y la variabilidad utilizando el paquete estadistico Growth Analyzer. Resultados En general, los hombres presentan menores valores de CT y TG sericos que las mujeres. El p95 de los TG y CT en los hombres de las edades de 10 a 14 anos fue mayor que en las mujeres, mientras que los niveles de c-HDL fueron similares en ambos sexos y edades. Conclusiones La obtencion de valores centiles ayudara a clasificar los ninos y adolescentes con respecto a otras poblaciones en funcion de este indicador de salud.

Objetivo Determinar los valores por edad y sexo de los lipidos sericos colesterol total (CT), trigliceridos (TG), y colesterol de lipoproteinas de alta densidad (c-HDL) de ninos y adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos de Colombia. Material y metodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 1.773 ninos y adolescentes. A cada participante se le realizo una medicion en ayunas para cuantificar los niveles de CT, c-HDL y TG utilizando metodos enzimatico-colorimetricos. Se calcularon centiles a partir de la regresion LMS por edad y sexo p5, p25, p50, p75, p90 y p95 con el metodo de los Least Mean squares (LMS, ‘minimos cuadrados’) por curvas centiles que representan la asimetria, la mediana y la variabilidad utilizando el paquete estadistico Growth Analyzer. Resultados En general, los hombres presentan menores valores de CT y TG sericos que las mujeres. El p95 de los TG y CT en los hombres de las edades de 10 a 14 anos fue mayor que en las mujeres, mientras que los niveles de c-HDL fueron similares en ambos sexos y edades. Conclusiones La obtencion de valores centiles ayudara a clasificar los ninos y adolescentes con respecto a otras poblaciones en funcion de este indicador de salud.

Copper and calcium are essential for human growth and development. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between calcium and copper levels, as well as their relationship to age and anthropometry in 180 preschool children ages 2-5 years old. Serum copper levels were inversely correlated with age (r = -0.184, P = 0.032) and height (r = -0.175, P = 0.043) in the whole group and with height for age Z score only in male children (r = -0.291, P = 0.016). The correlation with age is not maintained when it is analyzed for gender. Serum calcium values in the total group were inversely correlated with weight (r = -0.153, P = 0.044) and weight for height Z score (r = -0.246, P = 0.001). No differences were found for gender in the levels of both metals. A negative relationship between serum calcium and copper was found only in male children (r = -0.339, P = 0.005). Studies are required in other populations and experimental designs that can explain an inverse relationship between serum calcium and copper levels.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del ejercicio aerobico regular sobre la funcion endotelial y la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en mujeres embarazadas . Metodo: Este fue un ensayo clinico aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado de 64 mujeres primigestas sanas entre las 16 y las 20 semanas de gestacion. El grupo experimental participo en ejercicio aerobico a una intensidad del 50-65% de su frecuencia cardiaca maxima durante 60 minutos, tres veces por semana durante 16 semanas. El grupo de control realizo su actividad fisica habitual. Los resultados fueron la funcion endotelial evaluada mediante dilatacion mediada por flujo y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria evaluada mediante el consumo maximo indirecto de oxigeno (VO 2 max. ) En una prueba de caminata de 6 minutos. Resultados: Inicialmente, no se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos en ninguna de las variables. Al final de la intervencion, los participantes que realizaron ejercicio mostraron una mayor aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, medida por la distancia caminada en la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos ( P ?= 0.014) y por el VO 2 max. ( P ?= 0.014). Ademas, el grupo de ejercicio mostro una frecuencia cardiaca mas baja en reposo y una dilatacion mediada por el flujo mas alta que el grupo control ( P ?= 0.02). Conclusiones: el ejercicio aerobico regular mejora la vasodilatacion dependiente del endotelio en el embarazo. Esta intervencion puede ser una alternativa temprana y efectiva para fortalecer la prevencion de los trastornos asociados a la disfuncion endotelial.

Resumen Antecedentes El Informe Mundial de la Salud de 2002 estimo que el sedentarismo es una de las principales diez causas de morbilidad y mortalidad y la proporcion de las personas cuya salud esta en riesgo debido a la vida sedentaria es de aproximadamente 60%. Objetivo Evaluar la relacion de el nivel de actividad fisica con factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el sindrome metabolico en 61 hombres sanos. Metodos La version corta del cuestionario de la International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), recomendado por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud, fue utilizado como una medida valida para estimar dos categorias de actividad fisica, como son: nivel bajo (insuficiente y sedentarios) y nivel vigoroso (moderado y muy activa). Factores de riesgo cardiovascular y sindrome metabolico se definio de acuerdo con los criterios del National Cholesterol Education Program de los Estados Unidos y el International Diabetes Federation, respectivamente. Los niveles sericos de proteina C-reactiva y la ferritina tambien fueron medidos, y la sensibilidad a la insulina se calculo mediante la evaluacion del modelo de la resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-IR). Resultados La media de edad de la poblacion de estudio fue de 47.1 ± 6.9 anos. 17 participantes (28%) tuvieron sindrome metabolico. No hubo diferencias entre las categorias de actividad fisica nivel bajo y nivel vigoroso, o la relacion con la actividad fisica total (MET × semana). No se observo asociacion entre los niveles bajos de actividad fisica y los criterios de sindrome metabolico. Conclusiones La alta prevalencia de inactividad fisica en los participantes del estudio con el cuestionario IPAQ no se asocio a factores de riesgo cardiovascular y sindrome metabolico.

ObjetivoEvaluar el efecto del ejercicio aeróbico en la función dependiente del endotelio (VDE) y en el consumo de oxígeno en mujeres primigestantes.MétodosEnsayo clínico controlado, enmascarado y aleatorizado, llevado a cabo en 67 mujeres saludables, primigestantes, entre 16 a 20 semanas de gestación. Grupo de intervención: ejercicio aeróbico entre 50% y 65% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima, durante 45 minutos, tres veces por semana, durante dieciséis semanas. Grupo control: actividad física habitual. Mediciones: VDE: vasodilatación mediada por flujo (VMF), consumo de oxígeno VO2max: prueba de caminata de seis minutos; antropometría: peso y talla.ResultadosEn las mediciones iniciales no se encontraron diferencias entre grupos en ninguna de las variables. Al finalizar la intervención, las participantes que realizaron ejercicio tenían mayor capacidad física, medida por la distancia recorrida en el test de caminata (p=0,043) y por el VO2max (p=0,023). Además, el grupo de ejercicio tuvo menor frecuencia cardiaca en reposo y mayor VMF que el grupo control (p

Although the WHO recommends the use of genotyping as a tool for epidemiological surveillance for mumps, limited data on mumps virus (MV) genotype circulation that may be used to trace the patterns of virus spread are available. We describe the first complete series of data from Spain. The small hydrophobic region was sequenced from 237 MV-positive samples from several regions of Spain collected between 1996 and 2007. Six different genotypes were identified: A, C, D (D1), G (G1, G2), H (H1, H2), and J. Genotype H1 was predominant during the epidemic that occurred from 1999 to 2003 but was replaced by genotype G1 as the dominant genotype in the epidemic that occurred from 2005 to 2007. The same genotype G1 strain caused concomitant outbreaks in different parts of the world (the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom). The remaining genotypes (genotypes A, C, D, and J) appeared in sporadic cases or small limited outbreaks. This pattern of circulation seems to reflect continuous viral circulation at the national level, despite the high rates of vaccine coverage.

Question Does supervised aerobic exercise during pregnancy improve health-related quality of life in nulliparous women? Design Analysis of secondary outcomes of a randomised trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessors, and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants 64 nulliparous, pregnant women attending for prenatal care at one of three tertiary hospitals. Intervention The experimental group completed a 3-month supervised exercise program, commencing at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. Each session included walking (10 min), aerobic exercise (30 min), stretching (10 min), and relaxation (10 min). The control group continued usual activities and performed no specific exercise. Outcome measures The primary outcome was health-related quality of life assessed by the Colombian version of the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey at baseline and immediately after the 3-month intervention. Results Fifty women completed the study. After the 3-month intervention, the experimental group had improved their health-related quality of life more than the control group in the physical component summary of the questionnaire by 6 points (95% CI 2 to 11), the physical function domain (7 points, 95% CI 0 to 14), the bodily pain domain (7 points, 95% CI 1 to 13) and the general health domain (5 points, 95% CI 1 to 10). Conclusions A supervised 3-month program of primarily aerobic exercise during pregnancy improves health-related quality of life. Trial registration NCT00741312.

Objectives Evidence about the relationship between familial history (FH) of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Latin American populations is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of FH of CMD and of dyslipidemia and obesity with MetS in healthy men. Methods One-hundred-twenty one individuals were recruited. Waist circumference and blood pressure were measured by a trained researcher using standard techniques. Glycemia and lipid profile were determined by colorimetric assays. A survey to record personal data and family antecedents in siblings, aunts/uncles, parents, and grandparents was conducted by trained interviewers. Results Individuals having three or more familial antecedents were associated with high triglycerides level even after adjusting by age, sedentarism, fat and carbohydrates intake, and alcohol consumption. After adjusting for the same variables, FH of dyslipidemia and hypertension was also associated with high triglycerides levels and elevated waist circumference, respectively. The FH of stroke was associated with high blood pressure after adjusting for the rest of familial antecedents, and with MetS in all adjustment models. Discussion the findings of association of this study together with the previous reports are evidence of the importance of hereditary component as independent predictor of cardiovascular risk factors and its clustering, as well as of possible specific association patterns between FH of CMD and MetS depending on evaluated population in terms of ethnic groups and geographic region. Further studies are required in other populations, as well as exploration of genetic markers of CMD regarding to MetS. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:228–230, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Introducción: La disminución de las infecciones junto con el consumo de dietas de alta densidad calórica, explica la reducción de la prevalencia de desnutrición observada en encuestas nacionales. El consumo de 50% de energía proveniente de grasas y azúcares representa un riesgo de déficit de micronutrientes. Objetivo: Evaluar las deficiencias de zinc mediante la respuesta a su administración en la velocidad de crecimiento. Métodos: Estudio doble ciego en 270 niños sanos seleccionados en 9 guarderías, con ingesta de macronutrientes adecuada, de estrato socioeconómico medio-bajo y bajo de Cali, Colombia y que se siguieron mensualmente por un período de 18 meses. Se efectuó valoración antropométrica y dieta, análisis de zinc en sangre y faneros y coprológico inicial. Se evaluó crecimiento (cm/ mes) durante 9 meses al final de los cuales se dividieron aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: uno recibió complemento de vitaminas y minerales sin zinc y el otro con 12 mg/día de zinc, durante 8 meses. Resultados: En la primera evaluación se encontraron menos de 2% de los niños por debajo de -2 desviaciones de Z de tallaedad. Se encontró un consumo alto de grasa, azúcar y proteína. Hubo un aumento en todos los niños de la media de velocidad con complemento, pero fue mayor en los que recibieron zinc. Los cambios de velocidad ajustados por población de referencia fueron significantes. Las diferencias corresponden a cambios de percentiles en un grupo de niños más que a un efecto general sobre el grupo. El OR de aumento de escore Z de talla con zinc es 1.8 (IC 95% 1.02-3.12). No hubo diferencia de zinc en sangre o en cabello y uñas (faneros). Conclusión: La deficiencia de otros micronutrientes además del zinc, que limitan el crecimiento puede explicar el aumento de velocidad en los dos grupos. Es probable que en niños más desprotegidos la respuesta sea mayor. Introduction: In Colombia the decrease of malnutrition documented by surveys is associated with the decrease in infectious diseases and increase consumption of fats and sugar representing half caloric intake and increasing the risk of other nutrients deficiencies. The permanence of low stature in populations satisfying macronutrient requirements, suggest that there are other limiting factors in the diet. Objective: To evaluate possible deficit of Zinc or other nutrients in growth velocity a double blind study was done in Cali, Colombia. Methods: From 9 low and middle low socio-economic level day care centres 270 preschool healthy children with adequate macronutrient intake were selected and followed monthly for 17 months. At month 8th they were randomly divided in two groups and received a daily mineral and vitamin supplement with zinc (12 mg) and without zinc for the next 9 months. Dietary intake was measured and all of the children with parasites were treated initially. Anthropometrics were measured every month during the two periods. Zinc in nails, hair and plasma at the first and last visit. Results: The proportion of children with Z height age below -2SD was less than 2% in the first visit. Mean height increased after the supplement regardless of zinc but was higher in those receiving it. There were differences before and after and among children receiving or not Zn when the variables were adjusted by age and/or reference. Significant differences were found in variance and proportions. The probability of increase height Z or velocity with zinc is 1.8 (CI 95% 1.02-3.12) and 1.09 (CI 95% 0.954-1.251). There was not difference in Zn concentration in plasma, hair or nails. Conclusion: The deficience of other micronutrients besides zinc, that limit the growth could explain the improvement of velocity for the two groups. Probably in poorest children, the response would be high.

Evidence about the relationship between familial history (FH) of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Latin American populations is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of FH of CMD and of dyslipidemia and obesity with MetS in healthy men.One-hundred-twenty one individuals were recruited. Waist circumference and blood pressure were measured by a trained researcher using standard techniques. Glycemia and lipid profile were determined by colorimetric assays. A survey to record personal data and family antecedents in siblings, aunts/uncles, parents, and grandparents was conducted by trained interviewers.Individuals having three or more familial antecedents were associated with high triglycerides level even after adjusting by age, sedentarism, fat and carbohydrates intake, and alcohol consumption. After adjusting for the same variables, FH of dyslipidemia and hypertension was also associated with high triglycerides levels and elevated waist circumference, respectively. The FH of stroke was associated with high blood pressure after adjusting for the rest of familial antecedents, and with MetS in all adjustment models.the findings of association of this study together with the previous reports are evidence of the importance of hereditary component as independent predictor of cardiovascular risk factors and its clustering, as well as of possible specific association patterns between FH of CMD and MetS depending on evaluated population in terms of ethnic groups and geographic region. Further studies are required in other populations, as well as exploration of genetic markers of CMD regarding to MetS.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence in adolescents using three different definitions for this age group. The evaluated sample consisted of 718 male and 743 female adolescents. Definitions by Cook et al., de Ferranti et al. and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for adolescents were used to estimate the prevalence of MetS. The prevalence of MetS was 8.5, 2.5 and 1.2% by de Ferranti et al., Cook et al. and IDF definitions, respectively. High fasting glucose component had the lower prevalence whereas high triglycerides levels component was the most prevalent. In obese adolescents, the prevalence of MetS was higher. MetS classification in adolescents strongly depends on the definition chosen. Further research is required for the evaluation of the current definitions (multicentric studies), and for addition or design of new and useful criteria.