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The article focuses on the cultural impact and controversies surrounding Spanish singer Rosalía, particularly in relation to her innovative fusion of flamenco with urban and pop influences. Topics discussed include Rosalía's appropriation of flamenco and Roma culture, her representation of Spanish identity on the global stage, and the complexities of cultural ownership and racial hierarchies in the music industry.

In January 2015, the Twitter account @Deportado4443 began sharing the harrowing story of Antonio Hernández Marín (1907–1992), whose exile from Spain following the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), Nazi capture and eventual deportation to the Mauthausen camp in Austria was communicated through 140-character posts and images to the account's 40,000 followers. This essay theorizes the use of Twitter as a groundbreaking format for the purposes of twenty-first-century witnessing of concentration camp atrocities. Three dimensions of the Twitter account @Deportado4443 are essential to its reconfiguration of narratives about the Spanish Civil War, the Republican exile and the Nazi camp: its virtual platform as a way to transmit a familial-personal history; its use of the fragment to relate the trauma of the camp in its brute simplicity to readers; and its significance for the theorization of witnessing. These three characteristics of @Deportado4443 are all inextricably linked to its social media format as a Twitter account. @Deportado4443 reaches a mass audience as it shares repressed memories of Republican Spain, thus crafting a unique text that implicates its 2010s readers as potential witnesses to events occurring during the 1940s. The essay ultimately examines the possibilities and limitations of this Twitter project not only as a way to access the history of the Spanish Civil War and of Republicans in the Nazi concentration camps, but also to alter our understanding of the notion of the witness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyses the intersections of race, gender, and comedy in ¡Cómo está el servicio! (Ozores 1968) to argue that the film brings to light anxieties about purity and womanhood associated with the rapid development of the final years of the Franco dictatorship. By focusing on the film's brief, yet poignant portrayals of Africans and Afro-descendants and the film's representations of sex and miscegenation, I argue that ¡Cómo está el servicio! demonstrates the ways that concepts of national purity remain inextricably linked to a politics of the home and the preservation of white womanhood against perceived threats of outside contamination, explicitly articulated through race. Indeed, ¡Cómo está el servicio! visually expresses the ways that appropriate white womanhood linked to domesticity enables women to succeed in an inward-looking Catholic society that simultaneously exalts capitalist principles in order to survive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The assessment of real-world effectiveness of immunomodulatory medications for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may guide therapy. METHODS We analyzed surveillance data on inpatients younger than 21 years of age who had MIS-C and were admitted to 1 of 58 US. hospitals between March 15 and October 31, 2020. The effectiveness ofinitial immunomodulatory therapy (day 0, indicating the first day any such therapy for MIS-C was given) with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) plus glucocorticoids, as compared with IVIG alone, was evaluated with propensity-score matching and inverse probability weighting, with adjustment for baseline MIS-C severity and demographic characteristics. The primary outcome was cardiovascular dysfunction (a composite of left ventricular dysfunction or shock resulting in the use ofvasopressors) on or after day 2. Secondary outcomes included the components of the primary outcome, the receipt of adjunctive treatment (glucocorticoids in patients not already receiving glucocorticoids on day 0, a biologic, or a second dose of IVIG) on or after day 1, and persistent or recurrent fever on or after day 2. RESULTS A total of 518 patients with MIS-C (median age, 8.7 years) received at least one immunomodulatory therapy; 75°6 had been previously healthy, and 9 died. In the propensity-score-matched analysis, initial treatment with IVIG plus glucocorticoids (103 patients) was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular dysfunction on or after day 2 than IVIG alone (103 patients) (17% vs. 31%; risk ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.94). The risks of the components of the composite outcome were also lower among those who received IVIG plus glucocorticoids: left ventricular dysfunction occurred in 8% and 17% of the patients, respectively (risk ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.19 to 1.15), and shock resulting in vasopressor use in 13% and 24% (risk ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.00). The use of adjunctive therapy was lower among patients who received IVIG plus glucocorticoids than among those who received IVIG alone (34% vs. 70%; risk ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.65), but the risk of fever was unaffected (31% and 40%, respectively; risk ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.53 to 1.13). The inverse-probabilityweighted analysis confirmed the results of the propensity-score-matched analysis. CONCLUSIONS Among children and adolescents with MIS-C, initial treatment with IVIG plus glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of new or persistent cardiovascular dysfunction than IVIG alone. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perhaps the first text about immigration in Spain, “El Sueño” (1973) by Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo Makina (Niefang, Equatorial Guinea, 1950), narrates a Senegalese man's difficult journey via patera (rickety boats used to cross the Mediterranean) from Africa to Europe. Throughout the short story, suggestive allusions to the poems “Harlem” (“Dream Deferred”) and “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” by Langston Hughes (1902-67) articulate displacement and movement and thus connect Ndongo's story to concepts integral to the African Diaspora. The essay examines the term “diaspora” through analyses of Ndongo's short story in relation to Hughes's poetry. Here, the term “diaspora” does not only refer to human migrations, but also to a literary geography that moves beyond the Middle Passage and slavery to construct new continuities between Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Effectively, the narrator of “El sueño” invokes Hughes's depictions of the unarticulated dream, spectral rivers, and fraught mobility to render a vision of frustration and torment with dire consequences for Africans. Indeed, Ndongo's hazy, nightmarish “sueño” sheds light upon the ongoing significance of diaspora. Specifically, he reveals the harsh realities Africans seeking refuge endure as they attempt to access “Fortress Europe.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model that takes into account the current workload, and the workload the athlete has been prepared for, as an acute:chronic workload ratio has been previously used as a novel way to monitor training load and injury risk. Fifty-nine elite Australian football players from one club participated in this 2-year study. Global Positioning System technology was used to provide information on running workloads of players. An injury was defined as any non-contact 'time-loss' injury. One-week (acute), along with 4-week (chronic) workloads were calculated for a range of variables. The size of the acute workload in relation to the chronic workload was calculated as an acute:chronic workload ratio. An acute:chronic workload ratio of >2.0 for total distance during the in-season was associated with a 5 to 8-fold greater injury risk in the current [relative risk ( RR) = 8.65, P = 0.001] and subsequent week ( RR = 5.49, P = 0.016). Players with a high-speed distance acute:chronic workload ratio of >2.0 were 5-11 times more likely to sustain an injury in the current ( RR = 11.62, P = 0.006) and subsequent week ( RR = 5.10, P = 0.014). These findings demonstrate that sharp increases in running workload increase the likelihood of injury in both the week the workload is performed, and the subsequent week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparisons have been made of the relative degradation of charge transfer efficiency in n-channel and p-channel CCDs subjected to proton irradiation. The comparison described in this paper was made using e2v technologies plc. CCD204 devices fabricated using the same mask set. The device performance was compared over a range of temperatures using the same experimental arrangement and technique to provide a like-for-like comparison. The parallel transfer using the p-channel CCD was then optimized using a trap pumping technique to identify the optimal operating conditions at 153 K. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: Incidental durotomy is a potential complication of spinal surgery which can cause a number of intra-operative and post-operative complications. The purpose of this study was to determine if the primary operator's credentials impacted on the incidence of durotomy intra-operatively. Methods: Prospectively collected data of operator credentials in relation to the incidence of durotomy were acquired from the International Eurospine Tango database. The significance of variability and risk factors between operators was measured using the Chi-squared test. Results: Data from a total of 3,764 patients were captured from the Tango registry. Of these 162 (4.3 %) had a durotomy. Of the total number of patients, the primary operator was neurosurgical in 1,369 (36.4 %) cases; orthopaedic in 180 (4.8 %) cases; other (pre-certification) in 236 (6.3 %) cases; specialised spine surgeon in 1,741 (46.3 %) cases; 6 cases had missing operator data. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in 57 (4.16 %) of neurosurgeon-operated cases; 5 (2.78 %) orthopaedic-operated cases; 19 (4.06 %) of other surgeon-operated cases; and 81 (4.65 %) in specialised spine surgeon-operated cases. Using Chi-squared test, the significance of the variation in incidence of CSF leak between primary operator groups was not statistically significant ( P = 0.1405). Conclusion: From the data captured and analysed, the rate of durotomy ranged from 2.78 to 4.65 % between operator groups with a mean rate of 4.3 %. The primary operator credentials do not appear to significantly impact the rate of durotomy in spine surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insecticide-treated clothing has been used for many years by the military and in recreational activities as personal protection against bites from a variety of arthropods including ticks, chigger mites, sandflies and mosquitoes. Permethrin is the most commonly used active ingredient, but others, including bifenthrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenz-amide) and KBR3023, have also been trialled. Treatment is usually carried out by home or factory dipping. However, new microencapsulation technologies which may prolong the activity of insecticides on clothing are now available and may help to overcome the inevitable reduction in efficacy over time that occurs as a result of washing, ultraviolet light exposure, and the normal wear and tear of the fabric. The aim of this article is to review the evidence base for the use of insecticide-treated clothing for protection against bites from arthropods and its effect on arthropod-borne pathogen transmission. Although some studies do demonstrate protection against pathogen transmission, there are surprisingly few, and the level of protection provided varies according to the disease and the type of study conducted. For example, insecticide-treated clothing has been reported to give between 0% and 75% protection against malaria and between 0% and 79% protection against leishmaniasis. Studies vary in the type of treatment used, the age group of participants, the geographical location of the study, and the pathogen transmission potential. This makes it difficult to compare and assess intervention trials. Overall, there is substantial evidence that insecticide-treated clothing can provide protection against arthropod bites. Bite protection evidence suggests that insecticide-treated clothing may be useful in the prevention of pathogen transmission, but further investigations are required to accurately demonstrate transmission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the protist Euglena gracilis, the cytosolic small subunit (SSU) rRNA is a single, covalently continuous species typical of most eukaryotes; in contrast, the large subunit (LSU) rRNA is naturally fragmented, comprising 14 separate RNA molecules instead of the bipartite (28S+5.8S) eukaryotic LSU rRNA typically seen. We present extensively revised secondary structure models of the E. gracilis SSU and LSU rRNAs and have mapped the positions of all of the modified nucleosides in these rRNAs (88 in SSU rRNA and 262 in LSU rRNA, with only 3 LSU rRNA modifications incompletely characterized). The relative proportions of ribose-methylated nucleosides and pseudouridine (∼60% and ∼35%, respectively) are closely similar in the two rRNAs; however, whereas the Euglena SSU rRNA has about the same absolute number of modifications as its human counterpart, the Euglena LSU rRNA has twice as many modifications as the corresponding human LSU rRNA. The increased levels of rRNA fragmentation and modification in E. gracilis LSU rRNA are correlated with a 3-fold increase in the level of mispairing in helical regions compared to the human LSU rRNA. In contrast, no comparable increase in mispairing is seen in helical regions of the SSU rRNA compared to its homologs in other eukaryotes. In view of the reported effects of both ribose-methylated nucleoside and pseudouridine residues on RNA structure, these correlations lead us to suggest that increased modification in the LSU rRNA may play a role in stabilizing a ‘looser’ structure promoted by elevated helical mispairing and a high degree of fragmentation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Age-related declines for many sensory and cognitive abilities are greater for males than for females. The primary purpose of the present investigation was to consider whether age-related changes in lipreading abilities are similar for men and women by comparing the lipreading abilities of separate groups of younger and older adults. Older females, older males, younger females and younger males completed vision-only speech recognition tests of: (1) 13 consonants in a vocalic /i/-C-/i/ environment; (2) words in a carrier phrase; and (3) meaningful sentences. In addition to percent correct performance, consonant data were analyzed for performance within viseme categories. The results suggest that while older adults do not lipread as well as younger adults, the difference between older and younger participants was comparable across gender. We also found no differences in the lipreading abilities of males and females, regardless of stimulus type (i.e., consonants, words, sentences), a finding that differs from some reports by previous investigators (e.g., Dancer, Krain, Thompson, Davis, & Glenn, 1994). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The convergent synthesis of the complete LL-Z1640-2 framework has been completed. This fast and efficient approach provides flexible access into the resorcyclic lactones. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

El 8 de agosto de 1956, Murray N. Rothbard le escribió a Richard C. Cornuelle, de la Fundación Volker, recomendando enfáticamente las investigaciones de Emil Kauder en los fundamentos aristotélicos de la teoría de la utilidad marginal y la teoría económica austriaca. En un memorando de febrero de 1957, "Catolicismo, protestantismo y capitalismo", reproducido abajo, Rothbard estableció algunos pensamientos sobre estos asuntos. Las cartas de Rothbard revelan un temprano y fuerte interés en la historia del pensamiento económico. Los memorandos que escribió para la Fundación Volker, desde principios de la década de 1950 hasta 1962, en una gran variedad de libros y periódicos académicos sacan a relucir su creciente conocimiento de la materia. Además, el director de tesis de Rothbard, el profesor Joseph Dorfman, era una autoridad en el pensamiento económico americano, y Rothbard estaba muy interesado, entre otros asuntos, en las contribuciones americanas a los debates de principios del siglo XIX. Rothbard, historiador y economista, se encontraba en una buena situación no solo para evaluar los libros de la Fundación Volker sino también para comprender y sintetizar doctrinas económicas lógicamente y en perspectiva histórica. Su último trabajo publicado, de enorme importancia, es una obra de dos volúmenes: Historia del pensamiento económico (1995), ciertamente queda como prueba.--Joseph Stromberg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the domains Eucarya and Archaea, box C/D RNAs guide methylation at the 2′-position of selected ribose residues in ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Those eukaryotic box C/D RNAs that have been identified to date are larger and more variable in size than their archaeal counterparts. Here, we report the first extensive identification and characterization of box C/D small nucleolar (sno) RNAs from the protist Euglena gracilis. Among several unexpected findings, this organism contains a large assortment of methylation-guide RNAs that are smaller and more uniformly sized than those of other eukaryotes, and that consist of surprisingly few double-guide RNAs targeting sites of rRNA modification. Our comprehensive examination of the modification status of E.gracilis rRNA indicates that many of these box C/D snoRNAs target clustered methylation sites requiring extensive, overlapping guide RNA/rRNA pairings. An examination of the structure of the RNAs, in particular the location of the functional guide elements, suggests that the distances between adjacent box elements are an important factor in determining which of the potential guide elements is used to target a site of O 2′-methylation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To determine whether the offering of a consumer-directed health plan (CDHP) is likely to cause risk segmentation in an employer group. The study population comprises the approximately 10,000 people (employees and dependents) enrolled as members of the employee health benefit program of Humana Inc. at its headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky, during the benefit years starting July 1, 2000, and July 1, 2001. This analysis is based on primary collection of claims, enrollment, and employment data for those employees and dependents. This is a case study of the experience of a single employer in offering two consumer-directed health plan options (“Coverage First 1” and “Coverage First 2”) to its employees. We assessed the risk profile of those choosing the Coverage First plans and those remaining in more traditional health maintenance organization (HMO) and preferred provider organization (PPO) coverage. Risk was measured using prior claims (in dollars per member per month), prior utilization (admissions/1,000; average length of stay; prescriptions/1,000; physician office visit services/1,000), a pharmacy-based risk assessment tool (developed by Ingenix), and demographics. Complete claims and administrative data were provided by Humana Inc. for the two-year study period. Unique identifiers enabled us to track subscribers' individual enrollment and utilization over this period. Based on demographic data alone, there did not appear to be a difference in the risk profiles of those choosing versus not choosing Coverage First. However, based on prior claims and prior use data, it appeared that those who chose Coverage First were healthier than those electing to remain in more traditional coverage. For each of five services, prior-year usage by people who subsequently enrolled in Coverage First 1 (CF1) was below 60 percent of the average for the whole group. Hospital and maternity admissions per thousand were less than 30 percent of the overall average; length of stay per hospital admission, physician office services per thousand, and prescriptions per thousand were all between 50 and 60 percent of the overall average. Coverage First 2 (CF2) subscribers' prior use of services was somewhat higher than CF1 subscribers', but it was still below average in every category. As with prior use, prior claims data indicated that Coverage First subscribers were healthier than average, with prior total claims less than 50 percent of average. In this case, the offering of high-deductible or consumer-directed health plan options alongside more traditional options caused risk segmentation within an employer group. The extent to which these findings are applicable to other cases will depend on many factors, including the employer premium contribution policies and employees' perception of the value of the various plan options. Further research is needed to determine whether risk segmentation will worsen in future years for this employer and if so, whether it will cause premiums for more traditional health plans to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two closely related but compatible plasmids of the IncQ-2α and IncQ-2β groups, pTF-FC2 and pTC-F14, were discovered in two acidiphilic chemolithotrophic bacteria. Cross-complementation and cross-regulation experiments by the replication proteins were carried out to discover what changes were necessary when the plasmids evolved to produce two incompatibility groups. The requirement of a pTC-F14 oriV for a RepC DNA-binding protein was plasmid specific, whereas the requirement for the RepA helicase and RepB primase was less specific and could be complemented by the IncQ-2α plasmid pTC-FC2, and the IncQ-1β plasmid pIE1108. None of the IncQ-1α plasmid replication proteins could complement the pTC-F14 oriV, and pTC-F14 and RSF1010 were incompatible. This incompatibility was associated with the RepC replication protein and was not due to iteron incompatibility. Replication of pTC-F14 took place from a 5·7 kb transcript that originated upstream of the mobB gene located within the region required for mobilization. A pTC-F14 mobB-lacZ fusion was regulated by the pTC-F14 repB gene product and was plasmid specific, as it was not regulated by the RepB proteins of pTF-FC2 or the IncQ-1α and IncQ-1β plasmids. Plasmid pTC-F14 appears to have evolved independently functioning iterons and a plasmid-specific RepC-binding protein; it also has a major replication transcript that is independently regulated from that of pTF-FC2. However, the RepA and RepB proteins have the ability to function with either replicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many previously widely accepted neonatal transfusion practices are changing as neonatologists become more aware of the risks to their patients of multiple blood product transfusions. Recent literature and research on neonatal transfusion practice are here reviewed, and practical guidelines and trigger thresholds for blood products commonly used in neonatal medicine are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal thrombocytopenia is a common clinical problem. Thrombocytopenia presenting in the first 72 hours of life is usually secondary to placental insufficiency and caused by reduced platelet production; fortunately most episodes are mild or moderate and resolve spontaneously. Thrombocytopenia presenting after 72 hours of age is usually secondary to sepsis or necrotising enterocolitis and is usually more severe and prolonged. Platelet transfusion remains the only treatment. There is a need for trials to define the safe lower limit for platelet count and which neonates will benefit from treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phlebotomy-induced anaemia excepted, thrombocytopenia is the most common haematological abnormality in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Roughly one-quarter of all NICU patients and half of all sick preterm neonates develop thrombocytopenia. Whereas a large number of varied precipitating conditions has been identified, early-onset thrombocytopenia (<72 h) is most commonly associated with fetomaternal conditions complicated by placental insufficiency and/or fetal hypoxia, e.g. maternal pre-eclampsia and fetal intrauterine growth restriction. The resulting neonatal thrombocytopenia is usually mild to moderate, resolves spontaneously and requires no specific therapy. Deviation from this pattern of thrombocytopenia suggests the presence of more significant precipitating conditions. The most important of these are the immune thrombocytopenias, and every NICU should develop investigation and treatment protocols to manage these cases promptly and avoid unnecessary risk of haemorrhage. In contrast, late-onset thrombocytopenia (>72 h) is almost always associated with sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis and the associated thrombocytopenia is severe, prolonged and often requires treatment by platelet transfusion. Unfortunately, evidence-based guidelines for platelet transfusion therapy in NICU patients are currently unavailable, making it difficult to define widely accepted thresholds for transfusion and leading to a significant variation in transfusion practice between centres. Conclusion: While improving this situation remains a pressing need, the growing evidence that impaired megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production are major contributors to many neonatal thrombocytopenias suggests that recombinant haemopoietic growth factors, including thrombopoietin and interleukin-11, may be useful future therapies to ameliorate neonatal thrombocytopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the crusade of economist Richard T. Ely. View of the state; Suspension of academic freedom during the first world war; Uses of scholarship for espionage.

Summary Platelet transfusions are frequently given to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients with severe thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 50 × 109 L-1 ) but no study has assessed whether this is clinically appropriate. To address this we conducted a retrospective review of platelet transfusion practice in patients developing severe thrombocytopenia over 3 years in a single NICU. Out of 901 admissions, 53 (6%) developed severe thrombocytopenia. Twenty-seven neonates received a total of 63 platelet transfusions, the main triggers being: platelet count less than 30 × 109 L-1 (all patients), or less than 50 × 109 L-1 in those with previous haemorrhage or clinical instability. No major haemorrhage occurred during severe thrombocytopenia either in neonates in whom platelet transfusions were withheld (26/53) or in neonates given platelets who survived to discharge (22/27). Five preterm neonates given platelets died but all had overwhelming sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis and none died directly as a result of haemorrhage. Although the widely used liberal triggers for neonatal platelet transfusion highlighted in this review reflect available guidelines, and represent cautious (‘safe’) haemostatic practice, they are likely to result in unnecessary transfusion for a significant number of NICU patients. Improved practice requires definition of a safe lower limit for platelet count in stable neonates; effective platelet transfusion strategies for sick neonates; and improved therapies for conditions precipitating severe thrombocytopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterizes an IncQ-related plasmid replicon in Acidithiobacillus caldus. Isolation of the broad-host-range IncQ-like plasmid and identification of the plasmid replicon; Sequence analysis; Open reading frames; Replicon organization; Copy number per chromosome; Plasmid stability systems.

Features the Puffer-patient-controlled analgesia device from Graseby PLC. Key features and functionality; Inventiveness of the design of the medical device; Advantages of using in pain management.

Discusses the role of chaotic resonances in the Solar System. How human understanding of the Solar System has been revolutionized by the discovery of chaotic motions in planetary orbits; Potential of these motions to change the relative position of planets around stars; How the spin axis of a planet may evolve chaotically, with adverse effects on planetary climates; Possibility that some of the multiple planets contained in extrasolar planetary systems may also be chaotic.

Presents a new analytic theory which seeks to resolve whether the solar system is stable or chaotic. Cause of the chaos among the jovian planets; Rough estimates of the Lyapunov time and the dynamical lifetime of Uranus; When the jovian planets entered the resonance; Numerical integrations; Epoch of resonance capture.

This paper describes development of Padres Trabajando por la Paz, a violence prevention intervention for Hispanic parents to increase parental monitoring. The intervention was developed using an innovative new program planning process: intervention mapping. Theory and empirical evidence broadly defined performance objectives and determinants of parental monitoring. These objectives were further refined through group and individual interviews with the target parent group. Learning objectives for the intervention guided the content of the intervention that used modeling as the primary method and role model stories as a strategy delivered through newsletters. Stage-matching members of the target population for their readiness to implement the parental monitoring behaviors further refined the social cognitive message design strategies. Intervention mapping provides an explicit theory- and data-driven guide for intervention development that maximizes intervention impact for a specific target population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Rayleigh–Brillouin spectrometer that achieves high frequency stability for long integration times by using the exciting laser line as a frequency reference is described. It is economically built around an ordinary confocal Fabry–Pérot étalon that is not equipped with any means for active stabilization of the étalon gap. Weak signals (photon count rates ∼10 Hz) are tolerated without impairing the frequency stability. The relative frequency resolution (one part in 2×107) is limited as much by the finesse of the étalon mirrors as by the stabilization technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents research which studied the instability of planets orbiting in a disk of planetesimals as they migrate to smaller orbital radii. Resonant interactions between the planet and planetesimals; Reduction of semimajor axis of planet depending on behavior of planetesimals; Surface density of planetesimals; Possible explanation for presence of Jupiter-mass objects in small orbits around nearby stars.

Examines the conjecture that Triton was captured from a heliocentric orbit as the result of a collision with what was then one of Neptune's regular satellites. Capture of Triton; Tidal evolution of Triton's orbit; Perturbations forced by Triton;Neptune's arcs and satellite X; Triton as a regular satellite.

Introduction: Comorbid substance misuse in mental illness presents a significant challenge to mental health services. It may lead to higher rates of relapse, hospital admissions and poorer treatment outcomes. Up to 47% of inpatients in Irish mental health units may experience substance misuse. Despite the Irish government's 'Vision for Change' policy (2006), access to specialised services remains variable. Objectives: Evaluate: -prevalence of substance misuse at an Irish mental health unit. -quality and detail of the recorded substance misuse history. -access to specialised services for patients experiencing substance misuse. Methods: A retrospective chart review of inpatients in a mental health unit over 12 months, was completed. Information recorded included: demographic details, diagnosis, substance use history; access to substance misuse services. Microsoft Excel was utilised for data input and analysis. Results: 267 patients were admitted over twelve months. Substance misuse was the primary diagnosis of 6% and the secondary diagnosis of 67%. 46% of patients reported current substance misuse, 52% reported historical substance misuse. Frequency and quantity of use was documented in 65% and 48% of cases respectively. 4% of patients with a substancemisuse history were in current contact with addiction services. Conclusions: Although 46% of patients reported substance misuse, only 4% were in contact with specialised addiction services. This highlights a significant unmet need. There was variability in the quality of the recorded substance misuse history. In order to fully understand comorbid substance misuse, this be addressed. The addition of a more formatted substance misuse section, to admission proformas, may help to alleviate this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a summary of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of advanced breast cancer. Recommendations for diagnosis and assessment include an imaging assessment using diagnostic imaging such as computed tomography and bone scintigraphy, a pathological assessment which includes assessing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and biopsy in the absence of tumour tissue from the primary tumour. Systemic disease modifying therapy including endocrine therapy, aromatase inhibitors, and tamoxifen are discussed. Conditions for which chemotherapy is appropriate are also examined. Guidelines for complications including lymphoedema, cancer related fatigue, bone metastases, and brain metastases are also included.

Analyses of consumer-directed health plans often focus on how use of services under such a plan compares with what use would have been under a more comprehensive benefit design. That's a natural perspective for analysts who observe movement from a world of rich coverage to one of more limited coverage. But the comparison may confuse the message with the messenger. In a world where employers are seeking any port in a storm of unsustainable cost growth, it might be more useful to compare offering a consumer-directed plan to other options that employers could have chosen in constraining health costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the disintegration of the gastroenterology fellowship matching program or GI Match in the U.S. Popularity of the gastroenterology subspecialty; Scarcity of accredited fellowship positions; Decrease in the number of fellowship positions.

Presents a model of the disk wind around luminous cataclysmic variable stars. Focusing on how the wind's emission lines arise in a thin layer where the wind emerges from the disk; The wind's introduction, in this model, of a pronounced anisotropy in the optical depth of the disk.

The noise performance of digital correlated double sampling (DCDS) for readout of charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with dominant white noise is presented. The trade-offs between analogue and digital signal filtering and the impact on the sampling rate are investigated and numerically simulated for realistic systems. The results can be used to select the signal bandwidth, the settling accuracy and the ADC sampling rate for optimal DCDS noise performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article on the treatment for Dystonia based on the guidelines of European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS).