47 results on '"Ni-Ya Zhang"'
Search Results
2. A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks
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Jin-Tao Wei, Kun-Tan Wu, Hua Sun, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Jie-Fan Dai, Ying Liu, Qiang Liu, Ni-Ya Zhang, De-Sheng Qi, and Lv-Hui Sun
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modified HSCAS ,absorption ,T-2 toxin ,broilers ,Medicine - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce the toxicity of T-2 toxin in broilers. Ninety-six one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with four replicates of six birds each. The four groups, 1–4, received a basal diet (BD), a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin, a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin with 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, and a BD plus 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, respectively, for two weeks. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, and small intestinal histopathology were analyzed. Compared to the control group, dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio by 11.4–31.8% during the whole experiment. It also decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent metabolic rates of crude protein, calcium, and total phosphorus by 14.9–16.1%. The alterations induced by T-2 toxin were mitigated (p < 0.05) by the supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent. Meanwhile, dietary modified HSCAS adsorbent supplementation prevented (p < 0.05) increased serum aspartate aminotransferase by T-2 toxin at d 14. It also prevented (p < 0.05) T-2 toxin-induced morphological changes and damage in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. However, dietary supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent alone did not affect (p > 0.05) any of these variables. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the modified HSCAS adsorbent could be used against T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and hepatic and small intestinal injuries in chicks.
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- 2019
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3. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers
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Shahid Ali Rajput, Lvhui Sun, Ni-Ya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Zhao Ling, Li Chong, Shuai Wang, Imran Rashid Rajput, Dost Muhammad Bloch, Farhan Anwar Khan, Aftab Shaukat, and Desheng Qi
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Aflatoxin B1 ,Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract ,Immunotoxicity ,NF-κB ,oxidative stress ,Nrf2 ,Broilers ,Medicine - Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely spread mycotoxin contaminates food and feed, causing severe oxidative stress damages and immunotoxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPE), a natural antioxidant with wide range of pharmacological and medicinal properties. The goal of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of GSPE against AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress via NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. For the experiment, 240 one-day old Cobb chicks were allocated into four dietary treatment groups of six replicates (10 birds per replicate): 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + AFB1 1mg/kg contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg (GSPE); 4. Basal diet + AFB1 1 mg/kg + GSPE 250 mg/kg (AFB1 + GSPE). The results showed that GSPE significantly decreased serum inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 induced by AFB1. Similarly, GSPE + AFB1 treated group revealed a significant decrease in mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the splenic tissue compared to the AFB1 treatment group. In addition, western blotting results manifested that GSPE treatment normalized the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p65) and the degradation of IκBα protein induced by AFB1. Furthermore, GSPE enhanced the antioxidant defense system through activating the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The mRNA and protein expression level of Nrf2 and its down streaming associated genes were noted up-regulated by the addition of GSPE, and down-regulated in the AFB1 group. Taken together, GSPE alleviates AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage by inhibiting the NF-κB and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. Conclusively, our results suggest that GSPE could be considered as a potential natural agent for the prevention of AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage.
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- 2019
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4. Individual and Combined Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds in China
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Rui Ma, Lei Zhang, Meng Liu, Yong-Teng Su, Wen-Mei Xie, Ni-Ya Zhang, Jie-Fan Dai, Yun Wang, Shahid Ali Rajput, De-Sheng Qi, Niel Alexander Karrow, and Lv-Hui Sun
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aflatoxin B1 ,zearalenone ,deoxynivalenol ,feedstuffs ,China ,Medicine - Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the individual and combined contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in feedstuffs from different Provinces of China between 2016 and 2017. A total of 1569 samples, including 742 feed ingredients and 827 complete pig feed samples, were collected from various regions of China for mycotoxins analysis. The results showed that individual occurrence rates of AFB1, ZEN, and DON were more than 83.3%, 88%, and 74.5%, respectively, in all the tested samples. DON was the most prevalent contaminant, followed by ZEN and AFB1, with the average concentrations ranging from 450.0–4381.5 μg/kg, 2.3–729.2 μg/kg, and 1.3–10.0 μg/kg, respectively. Notable, 38.2%, 10.8%, and 0.6% of complete pig feeds were contaminated with DON, ZEN, and AFB1 over China’s regulatory limits, respectively. Moreover, over 75.0% analyzed samples were co-contaminated with two or three mycotoxins. In conclusion, the current study revealed that the feedstuffs in China were severely contaminated with DON, followed by ZEN and AFB1 during the past two years. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring mycotoxins in livestock feed and implementing feed management and bioremediation strategies to reduce mycotoxin exposure.
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- 2018
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5. Curcumin Prevents Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes in Chick Liver
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Ni-Ya Zhang, Ming Qi, Ling Zhao, Ming-Kun Zhu, Jiao Guo, Jie Liu, Chang-Qin Gu, Shahid Ali Rajput, Christopher Steven Krumm, De-Sheng Qi, and Lv-Hui Sun
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curcumin ,aflatoxin B1 ,CYP450 ,AFBO–DNA ,chicks ,Medicine - Abstract
This study was designed to establish if Curcumin (CM) alleviates Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxic effects and to determine whether alteration of the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes is involved in the regulation of these effects in chick liver. One-day-old male broilers (n = 120) were divided into four groups and used in a two by two factorial trial in which the main factors included supplementing AFB1 (< 5 vs. 100 μg/kg) and CM (0 vs. 150 mg/kg) in a corn/soybean-based diet. Administration of AFB1 induced liver injury, significantly decreasing albumin and total protein concentrations and increasing alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in serum, and induced hepatic histological lesions at week 2. AFB1 also significantly decreased hepatic glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels, while increasing malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO)-DNA concentrations. In addition, the mRNA and/or activity of enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1 into AFBO—including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP3A4—were significantly induced in liver microsomes after 2-week exposure to AFB1. These alterations induced by AFB1 were prevented by CM supplementation. Conclusively, dietary CM protected chicks from AFB1-induced liver injury, potentially through the synergistic actions of increased antioxidant capacities and inhibition of the pivotal CYP450 isozyme-mediated activation of AFB1 to toxic AFBO.
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- 2016
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6. Yeast culture promotes the production of aged laying hens by improving intestinal digestive enzyme activities and the intestinal health status
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Peng Chen, You-Wei Wang, Jiacai Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Desheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun, Cong Zhang, and Ni-Ya Zhang
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Health Status ,egg quality ,Metabolism and Nutrition ,03 medical and health sciences ,Random Allocation ,Animal science ,Yeast, Dried ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal Feed ,Yeast ,Diet ,Intestines ,aged laying hen ,yeast culture ,Digestive enzyme ,Dietary Supplements ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,intestinal health ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Digestion ,Female ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Chickens ,performance - Abstract
Yeast culture (YC) positively affects the performance of laying hens. The purpose of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanism for the YC-mediated performance improvement. Sixty 67-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated into 2 experimental groups with 5 replicates of 6 birds each. One group was fed a control diet, whereas the other received the control diet supplemented with YC at 3.0 g/kg; treatment lasted for 8 wk. The results showed that dietary YC supplementation increased (P 0.05) by YC supplementation. Furthermore, dietary YC supplementation increased (P
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- 2020
7. Selenium Deficiency Aggravates Aflatoxin B1–Induced Immunotoxicity in Chick Spleen by Regulating 6 Selenoprotein Genes and Redox/Inflammation/Apoptotic Signaling
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Ni-Ya Zhang, Wan-Po Zhang, Xiao-Li Liu, Jiang Deng, Yue Feng, Shahid Ali Rajput, Ling Zhao, Lv-Hui Sun, and Desheng Qi
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,White pulp ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aflatoxin B1 ,GPX3 ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Apoptosis ,Spleen ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antioxidants ,Avian Proteins ,Selenium ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Selenium deficiency ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Selenoproteins ,Inflammation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Glutathione peroxidase ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Glutathione ,medicine.disease ,040401 food science ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Animals, Newborn ,Gene Expression Regulation ,chemistry ,Selenoprotein ,Chickens ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Oxidative stress ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) plays a protective role in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced splenic immunotoxicity in chicks. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to reveal the underlying mechanism of Se-mediated protection against AFB1-induced splenic injury in broilers. METHODS Four groups of 1-d-old Cobb male broilers (n = 5 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage) were arranged in a 3-wk 2 × 2 factorial design trial whereby they were fed an Se-deficient, corn- and soy-based diet [base diet (BD), 36 μg Se/kg], BD plus 1.0 mg AFB1/kg, BD plus 0.3 mg Se/kg, or BD plus 1.0 mg AFB1/kg and 0.3 mg Se/kg (as 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid). Serum and spleen were collected at week 3 to assay for cytokines, histology, redox status, selected inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes and proteins, and the selenogenome. RESULTS Dietary AFB1 induced growth retardation and spleen injury, decreasing (P
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- 2019
8. Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and cottonseed meal supplementation on the structure, nutritional composition of egg yolk and gossypol residue in eggs
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Desheng Qi, Shahid Ali Rajput, Lv-Hui Sun, Luoyi Zhu, Yang Mu, Ao Yang, and Ni-Ya Zhang
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food.ingredient ,Cottonseed Oil ,Eggs ,Soybean meal ,Food storage ,Soybean oil ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,food ,Yolk ,Animals ,Cottonseed meal ,030304 developmental biology ,Gossypium ,0303 health sciences ,Fatty Acids ,Gossypol ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Factorial experiment ,Animal Feed ,Egg Yolk ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Diet ,Food Storage ,chemistry ,Seeds ,embryonic structures ,Saturated fatty acid ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chickens ,Nutritive Value - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary non-gossypol cottonseed oil (CSO) or cottonseed meal (CSM) and their interactions on the texture properties, structure, nutritional composition, and edible safety of egg yolk. A total of 162 24-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated into 9 diet treatments with 6 replicates of 3 hens per cage. A 3 × 3 factorial design using corn soybean meal-based diets supplemented with 0, 6, or 12% CSM and 0, 2, or 4% CSO in place of soybean meal and soybean oil, respectively, was utilized. The experiment lasted for 8 wk. Eggs obtained from the CSO groups had an egg yolk gel structure, and the hardness of egg yolk increased significantly (P0.001) after 4°C storaged for 2 wk; the texture properties of eggs storage at 25°C had opposite trend. There were no differences in texture properties of fresh egg yolk among the different groups (P0.05). The saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of egg yolk increased in a CSO dose-dependent manner, whereas opposite effects (P0.001) were found in the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio. CSO-containing diets significantly reduced the cholesterol content (P0.05). No significant difference was observed among the different groups on the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, phospholipid, potassium, or iron (P0.05) in the egg yolk. Total gossypol residues were increased with the increased amount of CSM (P0.05), and these changes were independent of time (P0.05). The total gossypol concentration in the yolk was 2.01 to 5.16 mg/kg. These results suggest that CSO has a key influence on egg yolk quality, reducing both its taste and nutritional value. Egg yolk gelation was significantly associated with the change of fatty acid composition caused by CSO and storage conditions. Free gossypol will remain in the egg yolk. Although the residue is low, the edible safety risk of eggs maybe exists.
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- 2019
9. Selenium mitigated aflatoxin B1-induced cardiotoxicity with potential regulation of 4 selenoproteins and ferroptosis signaling in chicks
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Zi-Jian Xu, Lv-Hui Sun, Ni-Ya Zhang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Wan-Po Zhang, Ling Zhao, Yue Feng, and Gang Zuo
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Male ,Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Antioxidants ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Selenium ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Animal science ,Detoxification ,Animals ,Ferroptosis ,Selenoproteins ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Cardiotoxicity ,food and beverages ,Heart ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040401 food science ,chemistry ,Chickens ,Food Science ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanism of selenium (Se)-mediated detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced cardiotoxicity in chicks. A Se-deficient, corn-soybean meal-basal diet (36 μg Se/kg, BD) and three test diets (BD+1.0 mg AFB1/kg, 0.3 mg Se/kg, or 1.0 mg AFB1/kg+0.3 mg Se/kg) were used in a 3-wk 2 × 2 factorial design trial (n = 30 chicks/group). Dietary AFB1 led to induced (P
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- 2021
10. Aflatoxin B1 metabolism: Regulation by phase I and II metabolizing enzymes and chemoprotective agents
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Lv-Hui Sun, Ni-Ya Zhang, Christopher Steven Krumm, Jiang Deng, Niel A. Karrow, Ling Zhao, and Desheng Qi
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0301 basic medicine ,Chemoprotective agent ,Aflatoxin ,biology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,CYP1A2 ,Cytochrome P450 ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,CYP2A13 ,Biochemistry ,Microsomal epoxide hydrolase ,Detoxification ,Genetics ,biology.protein ,Chemoprotective - Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) widely contaminates staple food and feed crops and is well-known as the most potent natural hepatocarcinogen in humans and domesticated animals. This review highlights significant advances in our understanding of the pivotal role of phase I and II metabolizing enzymes in the bioactivation and detoxification of AFB1 and its metabolites across species. In humans, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 in liver and CYP2A13 in lung are essential for the bioactivation of AFB1 to the extremely toxic exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), whereas CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP3A4 are important in the turkey and duck, CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 are important in the chicken and quail, CYP3A11 and CYP3A13 are important in mice, and CYP2A5 are important in the hamster. In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Additionally, microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and aflatoxin-aldehyde reductase (AFAR) have also been shown to play key roles in AFB1 detoxification in the human, rat, and pig. Moreover, an overview of the chemoprotective agents, including synthetic compounds and naturally occurring plant compounds, which can be used to reduce aflatoxicosis is provided based on their ability to regulate these key enzymes. Collectively, this review summarizes the pivotal enzymes in the metabolism of AFB1 among humans, experimental and farm animals, as well as the chemoprotective agents that can be used to minimize risk of aflatoxicosis.
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- 2018
11. Efficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid compared to DL-Methionine on growth performance, carcass traits, feather growth, and redox status of Cherry Valley ducks
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Luoyi Zhu, Li-Bao Ma, Ni-Ya Zhang, Dolores I Batonon-Alavo, Yun-Xin Pan, Desheng Qi, Ling Zhao, Lv-Hui Sun, and Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Biology ,Antioxidants ,Random Allocation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Methionine ,Animal science ,medicine ,Animals ,Racemethionine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Glutathione peroxidase ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Biological value ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Glutathione ,Feathers ,Malondialdehyde ,Animal Feed ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Diet ,Dose–response relationship ,Ducks ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Feather ,visual_art ,Dietary Supplements ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain - Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the bio-efficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (DL-HMTBA) with that of DL-methionine (DLM) as sources of methionine in terms of the growth performance, carcass traits, feather growth, and redox statuses of Cherry Valley ducks. Six hundred and thirty male ducks were randomly allotted to 9 dietary treatment groups with 7 replicates of 10 birds each. The first group received a basal diet (BD) without methionine addition that was deficient in the total number of sulfur amino acids. In Groups 2 to 5 and Groups 6 to 9, the BD was supplemented with 4 increasing doses of methionine as either DLM or DL-HMTBA. The trial was run from ages 1 to 42 d. Dietary supplementation with DLM and DL-HMTBA improved body weight gain and feed intake as well as weights of carcasses, breast meat, and feathers compared with the BD. No significant difference was observed between the 2 methionine sources on growth performance, carcass traits, and feather growth. Concentrations of some redox markers in the pectoralis major muscle were improved by addition of methionine to the BD. However, a significant difference was observed between DLM and DL-HMTBA in this respect, as the supplementation of DL-HMTBA significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, and the concentration of reduced glutathione in the pectoralis major muscle, compared with DLM. No significant difference between methionine sources was found with regard to the concentrations of oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde in the pectoralis major muscle. Both DLM and DL-HMTBA increased malondialdehyde concentrations in the pectoralis major muscle compared with the BD. In conclusion, these results indicated that DLM and DL-HMTBA have equal biological value for the growth performance, carcass traits, and feather growth of Cherry Valley duck. Moreover, the improved antioxidant capacity observed with DL-HMTBA makes this a better candidate than DLM for lowering the oxidation process in the meat during post-mortem storage and thereby contributes to a better duck meat quality.
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- 2018
12. Effect of deoxynivalenol on the porcine acquired immune response and potential remediation by a novel modified HSCAS adsorbent
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Xiao-Li Liu, Ni-Ya Zhang, You-Wei Wang, Rui Ma, Niel A. Karrow, Liang-Yi Zheng, Meng-Xiang Zhu, Wan-Po Zhang, Qiang Liu, Tao Qin, Lv-Hui Sun, and Lei Zhang
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Circovirus ,Male ,Swine ,Inflammation ,Apoptosis ,Food Contamination ,Thymus Gland ,Weaning ,Pharmacology ,Adaptive Immunity ,Toxicology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,Malondialdehyde ,medicine ,Animals ,Caspase 3 ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Antibody titer ,Viral Vaccines ,General Medicine ,Glutathione ,Catalase ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Titer ,chemistry ,Animals, Newborn ,Toxicity ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-hck ,Cytokines ,Aluminum Silicates ,medicine.symptom ,Trichothecenes ,Spleen ,Food Science - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the immunotoxic effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) in weaning piglets, and potential efficacy of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce DON toxicity. Four groups of 21-day-old male piglets (n = 7/group) were fed a control diet or diet containing 1.0 or 3.0 mg DON/kg, or 3.0 mg DON/kg plus 0.05% modified HSCAS for 4 weeks. Compared to the control, the DON diets decreased serum porcine circovirus antibody titer and the dermal hypersensitivity response to OVA at day 21 or 28. DON also induced focal necrosis and proliferation of cortical lymphocytes and apoptosis and increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione, protein carbonyl concentrations in thymus. DON increased thymus mRNA, protein and (or) enzyme levels, cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3), while hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) decreased. Intriguingly, the modified HSCAS alleviated the DON-induced changes on serum antibody titer, and thymic histopathology, apoptosis, redox status, inflammation and apoptosis signaling. In conclusion, these findings help to explain the toxic effects and mechanisms of DON and demonstrated the modified HSCAS adsorbent could be used to reduce the toxicity of DON in weaning piglets.
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- 2019
13. PSIX-16 Effects of dietary cadmium on production performance, hepatic injury and tissue residue in laying hens
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Bei-Yu Zhang, Ni-Ya Zhang, Can Tao, and Xiaotian Wei
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Chemistry ,Dietary Cadmium ,Genetics ,Tissue residue ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Food science ,POSTER PRESENTATIONS ,Food Science - Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant with destructive impact on many organ systems, such as chronic kidney diseases, liver diseases, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and so on. The liver is the target organ of cadmium exposure. This study was performed to evaluate the adverse effects of prolonged high intake of dietary cadmium on production performance, serum biochemistry, liver antioxidant status, histopathology and the residue in liver and eggs in laying hens. 72 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 40 weeks were randomly allocated to four groups, with three replicates of six birds. Each group was fed a corn-soy basal diet (BD) and an oral dose of Cd at 0, 15, 30, 60 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks, respectively. Results revealed that the administration of 60 mg/kg Cd had no significant influences (P > 0.05) on production performance. Compared with the control, dietary Cd significantly increased (P < 0.05) the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, compared with the control, hepatic glutathione peroxide (GPX) activities were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) when supplemented Cd over 15 mg/kg, and glutathione (GSH) was only decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in 30 mg/kg Cd group. Hepatic histopathology also showed hepatic injury, mild vasculitis and a small amount of lymphocyte infiltration occurred in the liver tissue in 15 mg/kg Cd group and the symptoms were exacerbated with the increased dose. In the 60 mg/kg group, hepatic sinusoidal dilatation and mild congestion were also observed. The residue of Cd in the liver and yolk were increased (P < 0.05) with the increasing concentration of dietary Cd. In conclusion, hepatic injuries in laying hens were induced when diets supplemented with Cd up to 15 mg/kg. Cd levels also managed to accumulated in liver and yolk of laying hens.
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- 2019
14. 362 Effect of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate adsorbent on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and digestive tract morphology of chicks challenged with T-2 toxin
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Kuntan Wu, Lv-Hui Sun, Jin-Tao Wei, and Ni-Ya Zhang
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Morphology (linguistics) ,Chemistry ,Toxin ,Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,ORAL PRESENTATIONS ,Nutrient ,Adsorption ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Digestive tract ,Food science ,Food Science - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent ability to reduce the toxicity of T-2 toxin in broilers. 96 one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates of 6 birds each. The four groups 1–4 were received the basal diet (BD), BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin, BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin with 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, BD plus 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, respectively, for 2 weeks. The growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and digestive tract histopathology were analyzed. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin decreased (P < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion by 11.4–31.8% during d 1–7, d 8–14 and d 1–14. Dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin also decreased (P < 0.05) the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein, calcium, and total phosphorus by 14.9–16.1% during d 8–14. These alterations induced by T-2 toxin were mitigated or prevented (P < 0.05) by the supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent. Meanwhile, dietary modified HSCAS adsorbent supplementation also prevented (P < 0.05) T-2 toxin-induced morphological changes and damage, such as severe degeneration and desquamation of the villous epithelial cells, congestion in intestinal lamina propria, and edema and thicken in the serosa with infiltration of numerous lymphoid cells, in the gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. Notably, dietary supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent alone did not affect (P > 0.05) any of those parameters. In conclusion, these findings indicate this novel HSCAS could be used as a promising adsorbent for protecting against T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in chicks (This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, Projects 2018YFD0500601 and 2016YFD0501207).
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- 2019
15. Dietary Silymarin Supplementation Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity in Rats
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Zhuohui Xiao, Xin Gao, Chang-Qin Gu, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Ni-Ya Zhang, Desheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun, and Meng Liu
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0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Estrogen receptor ,AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ,Antioxidants ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Malondialdehyde ,Milk Thistle ,Liver injury ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Reproduction ,Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa ,Blood Proteins ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,Zearalenone ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Female ,Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ,Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ,Reproductive toxicity ,Silymarin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ovary ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Glutathione Peroxidase ,business.industry ,Uterus ,fungi ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ,medicine.disease ,Hormones ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ,business ,Phytotherapy ,Hormone - Abstract
Background Zearalenone (ZEN) can cause serious defects in development and reproduction in humans and animals. Silymarin shows antioxidant and estrogenic effects. Objective This study was conducted to determine if silymarin can antagonize ZEN-induced hepatic and reproductive toxicities. Methods Thirty-five 21-d-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 7/diet) were fed a control diet (Ctrl) or Ctrl plus 20 mg ZEN/kg or Ctrl plus 20 mg ZEN/kg with 100, 200, or 500 mg silymarin/kg for 6 wk. Serum, livers, ovaries, and uterus were collected at week 6 for biochemistry, hormone, and redox status and selected gene and protein assays. Results The consumption of ZEN decreased (P
- Published
- 2018
16. Prenatal exposure to zearalenone disrupts reproductive potential and development via hormone-related genes in male rats
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Lv-Hui Sun, Desheng Qi, Xin Gao, Zhuohui Xiao, Luoyi Zhu, Jiacai Zhang, Shahid Ali Rajput, Chong Li, Ni-Ya Zhang, and Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ,Offspring ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Developmental toxicity ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Testis ,medicine ,Animals ,Testosterone ,Estrogens, Non-Steroidal ,media_common ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Estradiol ,Reproduction ,fungi ,GNRHR ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,Brain ,Organ Size ,General Medicine ,Luteinizing Hormone ,Phosphoproteins ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Maternal Exposure ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Zearalenone ,ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ,Female ,Luteinizing hormone ,Receptors, LHRH ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Food Science ,Hormone - Abstract
The present study investigated the reproductive and developmental toxicity of male offspring induced by prenatal ZEN exposure and explored the possible mechanism. 64 pregnant rats were allocated into four groups and fed with ZEN contaminated (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) diet during the whole gestation period. The results showed that, F1 male foetal viability was not affected while newborn bodyweight (BW) was significantly decreased after prenatal exposure to ZEN. Decreased BW was found on postnatal day (PND) 21 but not on PND 63 in ZEN exposed male rats. Moreover, adult testis weight increased with seminiferous tubules atrophy as well as decreased spermatocytes and mature sperms (35% and 31%) in ZEN-treated rats. Meanwhile, circulating levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone decreased while estradiol increased in ZEN-treated rats. These impairments concurred with down-regulations of 3β-HSD and StAR in both mRNA and protein levels in weaned and adult testis. Furthermore, gene and protein expressions of GnRHr and Esr1 were inhibited in the ZEN-treated foetal brain. These results suggested that prenatal ZEN exposure disrupted the system regulating the reproductive hormones and testis development through hormone related genes, which may result in a reproductive dysfunction in adult male offspring.
- Published
- 2018
17. 121 Effects of DON on the porcine growth performance and intestinal microbiota and potential remediation by a novel modified HSCAS adsorbent
- Author
-
Ni-Ya Zhang, Xiao-Han Chu, Jiacheng Yang, Shuai Liu, Lv-Hui Sun, and Zhang Lei
- Subjects
Abstracts ,Adsorption ,Chemistry ,Environmental remediation ,Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Food Science - Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in weaning piglets, and potential efficacy of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) binder to detoxify DON toxicity. Four groups of 21-day-old male piglets (n = 7/group) were fed either a control diet, or diet adding 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg DON, or 3.0 mg/kg DON plus 0.05% modified HSCAS for 28 d. Compared to the control, dietary DON at 1.0 and/or 3.0 mg/kg decreased (P < 0.05) the feed intake (18.1–38.7%) and body weight gain (16.0–60.8%) during the whole experiment, and increased (P < 0.05) the feed/gain ratio (12.8–33.8%) during d 1–14. Worse results were obtained at 3.0 mg/kg DON in comparison to 1.0 mg/kg for most of these variables. DON exposure reshaped gut microbial structure by drastically dysregulating the abundance of several bacterial phyla, families, and genera, such as dysbiosis of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in small intestine. Notably, dietary modified HSCAS binder supplementation mitigated the negative effects of DON on growth performance of piglets and improved the intestinal flora disorder. Therefore, this study has revealed that the modified HSCAS binder can mitigate DON-induced adverse effects and could be used as a promising countermeasure for detoxifying DON toxicity.
- Published
- 2020
18. Biodetoxification of aflatoxin B1 in cottonseed meal by fermentation of Cellulosimicrobium funkei in duckling diet
- Author
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J. Tan, Ni-Ya Zhang, W.-j. Song, Lv-Hui Sun, Christopher Steven Krumm, J. Liu, and Desheng Qi
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Cottonseed Oil ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Feed conversion ratio ,Random Allocation ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,Food science ,Cottonseed meal ,Cellulosimicrobium funkei ,Inoculation ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Animal Feed ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Diet ,Actinobacteria ,Ducks ,030104 developmental biology ,Serum biochemistry ,Fermentation ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nutritive Value - Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to optimize the fermentation of cottonseed meal by Cellulosimicrobium funkei (C. funkei) for the ability of the bacteria to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and then to evaluate the bacterial detoxification in ducklings. In experiment 1, the fermentation of cottonseed meal by C. funkei was improved by changing the inoculation amounts by 10% (108 cfu/mL), using a 1:0.5 material to water ratio at 35°C temperature for a 144 h reaction duration, which resulted in an 83.4% biodegradation of AFB1. In experiment 2, 112 one-day-old male Cherry Valley ducklings were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates of 7 birds each. For a period of 2 wk the controls received a base duckling diet (BD), a second group received a base diet contaminated with 10% AFB1 cottonseed meal (96.8 μg AFB1/kg), a third group was fed a base diet added with 5% unfermented and 5% fermented AFB1-contaminated cottonseed meal (57.0 μg AFB1/kg), and the fourth group was fed a base diet added with 10% AFB1-contaminated fermented cottonseed meal (16.0 μg AFB1/kg). The growth performance, relative organ weights, and serum biochemistry were analyzed. The results showed that the feed conversion ratio in the second group was lower than that of the controls at wk one and 2 (P0.05). Also, after 2 wk, group 2 ducklings had increased relative weights of the liver, kidneys, and spleen, increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), increased concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Crt), and decreased relative weight of Fabricius bursa (P0.05). In addition, the concentrations of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) in serum were also significantly higher at weeks one and 2 (P0.05). These alterations were attenuated or prevented when 5 or 10% fermented cottonseed meal substituted equal amounts of unfermented cottonseed meal in the diet. In conclusion, fermentation of AFB1-contaminated feed materials by C. funkei offers a new strategy to reduce the negative effects of aflatoxicosis in ducklings.
- Published
- 2017
19. Effects of oils on feed mildew and quality
- Author
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Ya-Kuan Huang, Chong Li, Ni-Ya Zhang, Ming Qi, Desheng Qi, Jiacai Zhang, Lv-Hui Sun, Jie Liu, and Jiao Guo
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Acid value ,food.ingredient ,Mildew ,Moisture ,Water activity ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Soybean oil ,Spore ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Animal science ,food ,Agronomy ,Peanut oil ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Water content - Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of oils on feed mildew and feed quality. Under different moisture content conditions (10%, 13% and 16%), the basal feeds were supplemented with 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% soybean oil. In addition, at different moisture content levels (10%, 13% and 16%), the basal feed was supplemented with 12% of various types of oil (soybean, peanut, corn and fish). Subsequently, a mixed mold spore suspension was added. The feed samples were incubated at 28°C, and the total mold, water activity (Aw), moisture, acid value, crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL), crude ash (CA) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) levels were determined at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The results showed no significant variations in the feed moisture, CP, CL, CA and NEF contents. However, the acid value gradually increased in the feed samples with an extended incubation time and increasing initial moisture. The feed moisture content was a critical factor controlling feed mildew, and high levels of oil supplementation caused an elevated Aw. Additionally, peanut oil promoted mold growth in feed. These results provide a reference for the production and scientific management of formulated feed.
- Published
- 2016
20. 288 Se deficiency aggravates AFB1-induced immunotoxicity in chick spleen via regulating six selenoprotein and redox/inflammation/apoptotic signaling
- Author
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Ni-Ya Zhang, Lv-Hui Sun, Jiang Deng, Yue Feng, and Ling Zhao
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Spleen ,Inflammation ,General Medicine ,Redox ,Cell biology ,ORAL PRESENTATIONS ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Se deficiency ,Selenoprotein ,medicine.symptom ,Food Science - Abstract
This study was designed to reveal the underlying mechanism of Se-mediated protection against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced splenic injury in broilers. Four groups of day-old Cobb male broilers (n = 5 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage) were arranged in a 3-wk 2×2 factorial design trial that fed a Se-deficient, corn and soy–based diet (BD, 36 μg Se/kg) or the BD + 1.0 mg AFB1/kg, 0.3 mg Se/kg, or 1.0 mg AFB1/kg with 0.3 mg Se/kg (as 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid). Serum and spleen were collected at wk 3 to assay for histology, cytokines, redox status, and selected inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes and proteins, and selenogenome. Dietary AFB1 induced the growth retardation and spleen injury, decreasing (P < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, and serum interleukin-1β, increasing (P < 0.05) spleen index and serum interleukin-6, and reduced the splenic lymphocyte number and white pulp region and histiocyte proliferation in Se adequate groups. However, Se deficiency aggravated (P < 0.05) these AFB1-induced changes. Moreover, Se deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) splenic glutathione peroxidases (GPX) activities and glutathione concentration in AFB1 exposed groups. Furthermore, Se deficiency also upregulated (P < 0.05) the antimicrobial (beta defensin 1 and 2) and apoptotic (Caspase 3 and Caspase 9) genes but downregulated (P < 0.05) antiapoptotic (B-cell lymphoma 2) and inflammatory (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B) genes at mRNA and(or) protein levels in AFB1 supplementation groups. Additionally, Se deficiency downregulated (P < 0.05) GPX3, thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD 1), GPX4 and selenoprotein (SELENO) S and upregulated (P < 0.05) SELENOT and SELENOU in spleen in AFB1 administered groups. In conclusions, dietary Se deficiency aggravated AFB1-induced spleen injury in chicks, partially through the regulation of the oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic signaling and six selenoproteins (Supported in part by Chinese Natural Science Foundation Projects 31772636 and 31501987).
- Published
- 2019
21. Effects of dietary cadmium supplementation on production performance, cadmium residue in eggs, and hepatic damage in laying hens
- Author
-
Jiwen Bi, Beiyu Zhang, Lv-Hui Sun, Man Zhao, Desheng Qi, Can Tao, Xiaotian Wei, Zhangjian Sun, Shuai Wang, and Ni-Ya Zhang
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,GPX1 ,Antioxidant ,food.ingredient ,GPX3 ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Eggs ,Dietary Cadmium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,food ,Yolk ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cadmium ,General Medicine ,Malondialdehyde ,Pollution ,Animal Feed ,Egg Yolk ,Diet ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Histopathology ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Female ,Chickens - Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the adverse effects of cadmium (Cd) on the production performance, serum biochemistry, liver antioxidant status, histopathology, and egg residue in laying hens. A total of 72 healthy Hy-Line brown laying hens at 40-week-old were randomly assigned to four diets containing 0 (control diet), 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg Cd for 6 weeks. Laying hens exposed to 60 mg/kg Cd had lower egg production rate and worse feed to egg ratio (P < 0.05). Dietary Cd exposure (≥ 15 mg/kg) significantly decreased hepatic glutathione peroxide (GPX) activities, while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). Hepatic histopathology and ultrastructure also showed damage and the symptoms were exacerbated in a dose-dependent manner. The residue of Cd in the yolk was increased with increasing dietary Cd concentration. The mRNA expression levels of mt4L, mt3, sod1, sod2, gpx1, gpx3, and gpx4 in the liver of laying hens exposed to 60 mg Cd/kg feed were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary Cd exposure at ≥ 15 mg/kg induced hepatic damage in laying hens, indicating that the content of Cd in feed must be critically controlled.
- Published
- 2019
22. The effects of dietary cottonseed meal and oil supplementation on laying performance and egg quality of laying hens
- Author
-
Lv-Hui Sun, Luoyi Zhu, Xin Gao, Yang Mu, Ao Yang, Desheng Qi, and Ni-Ya Zhang
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,egg quality ,Cold storage ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,laying hen ,Feed conversion ratio ,Cottonseed ,03 medical and health sciences ,food ,Animal science ,Yolk ,laying performance ,cottonseed oil ,Eggshell ,Cottonseed meal ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Fatty acid ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,food.food ,cottonseed meal ,chemistry ,Boiled egg ,embryonic structures ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Science - Abstract
Cottonseed meal (CSM) and cottonseed oil (CSO), two cottonseed products, are rich in protein and lipids, respectively, but their use is limited by antinutritional factors in the products. This study investigated the effect of different dietary levels of CSM and CSO supplementation on the laying performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 162 24‐week‐old Hy‐Line brown laying hens were randomly assigned to diets supplemented with 0, 6%, or 12% CSM and 0, 2%, or 4% CSO in a 3 × 3 factorial design. During the 8‐week feeding trial, laying performance and egg quality parameters were measured weekly. Furthermore, a texture profile analysis (TPA) of the egg yolks was conducted, and the fatty acid profiles and protein composition of the yolks were measured to further determine egg quality. CSM supplementation decreased (p < 0.01) egg production and feed efficiency and increased (p < 0.01) yolk color, eggshell rate, and shell thickness, but had no significant effects on the TPA parameters, fatty acid profiles, and protein components of egg yolks. CSO supplementation resulted in decreases (p < 0.01) in egg production, egg weight, and feed efficiency and an increase (p < 0.01) in yolk color. In addition, CSO supplementation with two weeks of cold storage changed the physical properties of boiled egg yolks, as indicated by increased (p < 0.01) hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Furthermore, 4% CSO supplementation increased the ratio of saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids (SAFA/MUFA) and the protein content of egg yolks, which was accompanied by a modified protein composition. These results indicate that CSM supplementation reduces laying performance and egg quality, and CSO supplementation decreases laying performance and results in egg yolk hardening by modifying its components.
- Published
- 2019
23. Deoxynivalenol Impairs Porcine Intestinal Host Defense Peptide Expression in Weaned Piglets and IPEC-J2 Cells
- Author
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Shahid Ali Rajput, Lv-Hui Sun, Jiacheng Yang, Ni-Ya Zhang, Ao Yang, Chong Li, Beiyu Zhang, Kuntan Wu, Cong Zhang, Shuai Wang, Desheng Qi, and Jiacai Zhang
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Swine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein ,lcsh:Medicine ,Toxicology ,Permeability ,Article ,NOD2 ,Cell Line ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Caspase-12 ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Viability assay ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Caspase 12 ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Intestinal permeability ,Innate immune system ,biology ,Host defense peptides ,lcsh:R ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,Epididymis ,040401 food science ,Epithelium ,Deoxynivalenol ,Amino acid ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Peptides ,Trichothecenes ,Weaned piglets - Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are efficient defense components of the innate immune system, playing critical roles in intestinal homeostasis and protection against pathogens. This study aims to investigate the interference effects of DON on the intestinal porcine HDPs expression in piglets and intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) cells, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which it functions. In an animal experiment, intestinal HDPs were determined in weaned piglets fed control and 1.28 mg/kg or 2.89 mg/kg DON-contaminated diets. Dietary exposure to DON significantly decreased piglet average daily gain, increased intestinal permeability and depressed the expression of porcine &beta, defensin1 (pBD1), pBD2, pBD3, epididymis protein 2 splicing variant C (pEP2C), PMAP23, and proline/arginine-rich peptide of 39 amino acids (PR39) in the intestine (p <, 0.05). In IPEC-J2 cells, DON decreased cell viability and inhibited the expression of pBD1, pBD3, pEP2C, PG1-5, and PR39 (p <, 0.05). NOD2, key regulator that is responsible for HDPs production, was markedly downregulated, whereas caspase-12 was activated in the presence of DON. In conclusion, DON induced caspase-12 activation and inhibited the NOD2-mediated HDPs production, which led to an impaired intestinal barrier integrity of weaned piglets. Our study provides a promising target for future therapeutic strategies to prevent the adverse effects of DON.
- Published
- 2018
24. Refined cottonseed oil as a replacement for soybean oil in broiler diet
- Author
-
Xin Gao, Luoyi Zhu, Xu Wang, Ni-Ya Zhang, Ming Qi, Shuai Wang, Shahid Ali Rajput, Yongzhi Duan, Desheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun, and Ao Yang
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,food.ingredient ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,medicine.medical_treatment ,broiler ,antioxidant status ,Soybean oil ,cyclopropenoid fatty acids ,cottonseed oil ,performance ,fatty acid composition ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,food ,Starter ,medicine ,Original Research ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Chemistry ,Cholesterol ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Albumin ,Broiler ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Gossypol ,Food Science ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
With the shortage of common vegetable fat sources, such as soybean oil (SBO), it is urgent to find alternative oil sources for broiler producers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of refined cottonseed oil (CSO) as a replacement for SBO in broiler diets. A total of 180 chickens at 1 d of age were randomly assigned to five treatments of six replicates. One treatment was the basal diet (control), and the other four experimental diets were formulated from the basal diet by replacing (w/w) 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the SBO with refined CSO (only containing 0.2% cyclopropenoid fatty acids, and no free gossypol was detected). At the end of week 6, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein and the breast muscle was aseptically isolated from two birds per replicate. The results showed that substitution of CSO for low‐level SBO had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on broiler performance during the starter period (week 1–3), while 50% level of CSO inclusion significantly increased (p < 0.05) ADG and improved FCR compared with the control group during the finisher period (week 4–6). Broilers fed 100% CSO diets had lower (p < 0.05) levels of serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), cholesterol (CHO) concentrations, and serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity than that of the control broilers. Furthermore, the serum antioxidant status appeared to be enhanced by CSO. Additionally, high levels of CSO (75 and 100%) significantly increased the proportions of C14:0 and C18:0 but decreased the proportions of C18:1n9t, C18:2n6c, and ∑ n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast muscles of broilers. Overall, the SBO could be replaced with refined CSO up to 50% in diets for broilers without adversely affecting the performance, liver functions, and breast muscle fatty acid composition of these broilers.
- Published
- 2018
25. Heavy Metal Content in Feedstuffs and Feeds in Hubei Province, China
- Author
-
Shahid Ali Rajput, Xiaotian Wei, Beiyu Zhang, Ni-Ya Zhang, Can Tao, Lv-Hui Sun, Man Zhao, Shuai Wang, Zhangjian Sun, and Desheng Qi
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,China ,Food Chain ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Food Contamination ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,Arsenic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Chromium ,Bioremediation ,law ,Metals, Heavy ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Cadmium ,Mercury ,Contamination ,Mercury (element) ,Arsenic contamination of groundwater ,chemistry ,Consumer Product Safety ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Atomic absorption spectroscopy ,Food Science ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Heavy metal pollution threatens the health and life of animals and humans through the food chain. This study was performed to survey the heavy metal contamination in feedstuffs and feeds in Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, from 2012 to 2016. Samples were analyzed for cadmium (306 samples), mercury (117 samples), chromium (149 samples), and arsenic (4,358 samples) using atomic absorption spectrometry or atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The incidence rates of cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic contamination of feedstuffs and feeds were high, and feeds were most often contaminated with chromium, followed by arsenic, cadmium, and mercury. The concentrations of heavy metals in samples positive for cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic ranged from 0.001 to 1.200, 0.002 to 6.540, 0.060 to 8737.000, and 0.070 to 33.000 mg/kg, respectively. The mineral and additive samples had higher concentrations of heavy metals. The present study findings highlight the importance of monitoring heavy metals in feedstuffs and feeds and implementing feed management and bioremediation strategies to reduce heavy metal exposure. HIGHLIGHTS
- Published
- 2018
26. Prevention of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Selenium Is Associated with Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes and Up-Regulation of 6 Selenoprotein Genes in Chick Liver
- Author
-
Lv Hui Sun, Ji Chang Zhou, De Sheng Qi, Ming Kun Zhu, Ni Ya Zhang, and Ling Zhao
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antioxidant ,GPX3 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Isozyme ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Liver injury ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Selenoprotein N ,Chemistry ,Glutathione peroxidase ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Iodothyronine deiodinase ,Selenoprotein - Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes and the selenogenome in selenium-mediated protection against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced adverse effects in broilers remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study was designed first to determine whether selenium could reduce AFB1-induced hepatotoxic effects and then to determine whether these effects were due to changes in the CYP450 isozymes and selenogenome expression in the liver of chicks. METHODS Male avian broilers (aged 120 d) were allocated to 4 groups with 5 replicates of 6 birds to be included in a 2-by-2 factorial trial in which the main factors included supplementation of AFB1 (
- Published
- 2016
27. Aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in feed ingredients and complete feed from central China
- Author
-
Jiacai Zhang, Ni-Ya Zhang, Lv-Hui Sun, Desheng Qi, Jie Liu, Jiao Guo, and Lei Chen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,China ,Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Animal feed ,Central china ,Food Contamination ,Biology ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ingredient ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animals ,Humans ,Food science ,Cottonseed meal ,Zearalenone ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Gossypium ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Contamination ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,0104 chemical sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Seeds ,Trichothecenes ,Food Science ,Food contaminant - Abstract
Between 2012 and 2014, 2528 feed ingredient and complete feed samples were collected from central China. Numbers of 2083, 255 and 190 samples were analysed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON), respectively, by high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with UV or fluorescence detection. The incidence rates of AFB1, ZEN and DON contamination of feed ingredients and complete feeds were 33.9%, 90.2% and 77.4%, respectively. The percentage of positive samples for AFB1 ranged from 13.1% to 97.1%. Cottonseed meal presented the most serious contamination by AFB1. ZEN and DON contamination levels of feeds ranged from 50% to 100%, indicating serious contamination over the studied 3-year period. This study demonstrates that AFB1, ZEN and DON contamination of feeds in central China is serious and differs over the years. Feeds are mostly contaminated with ZEN, followed by DON and AFB1.
- Published
- 2016
28. Effects of deoxynivalenol on the porcine growth performance and intestinal microbiota and potential remediation by a modified HSCAS binder
- Author
-
Lv-Hui Sun, Meng Liu, Lei Zhang, Ni-Ya Zhang, You-Wei Wang, Xiao-Han Chu, Niel A. Karrow, Qiang Liu, and Rui Ma
- Subjects
Male ,Swine ,Environmental remediation ,Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate ,Growth ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Species Specificity ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Animals ,Weaning ,Food science ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Bacteria ,Growth retardation ,Chemistry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Animal Feed ,040401 food science ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Toxicity ,Aluminum Silicates ,Trichothecenes ,Food Science - Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in weaning piglets, and potential efficacy of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce DON toxicity. Four groups of 21-day-old male piglets (n = 7/group) were fed either a control diet, or diet containing 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg DON, or 3.0 mg/kg DON plus 0.05% modified HSCAS for 28 d. Compared to the control, dietary DON at 1.0 and/or 3.0 mg/kg reduced (P 0.05) the body weight gain (16.0-60.8%) and feed intake (18.1-38.7%) during the whole experiment, and increased (P 0.05) the feed/gain ratio (12.8-33.8%) between d 1-28. The body weight gain and feed intake were further decreased (P 0.05) in 3.0 mg/kg DON in comparison to 1.0 mg/kg DON during d 15-28. DON exposure reshaped gut microbial structure by drastically affecting the abundance of several bacterial phyla, families and genera, including dysbiosis of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in small intestine. Notably, dietary Amdetox™ supplementation alleviated the adverse effects of DON on growth performance of piglets and improved the intestinal flora disorder. Therefore, the current study has revealed that Amdetox™, the modified HSCAS binder, can alleviate DON-induced negative effects and could be used as a promising countermeasure for reducing DON toxicity.
- Published
- 2020
29. Aflatoxin B
- Author
-
Jiang, Deng, Ling, Zhao, Ni-Ya, Zhang, Niel Alexander, Karrow, Christopher Steven, Krumm, De-Sheng, Qi, and Lv-Hui, Sun
- Subjects
Mice ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ,Inactivation, Metabolic ,Animals ,Humans ,Cattle ,Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I - Abstract
Aflatoxin B
- Published
- 2018
30. Correction: Rajput, S.A., et al. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2017, 9, 371
- Author
-
Lv-Hui Sun, Desheng Qi, Jiacai Zhang, Zhao Ling, Xin Gao, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Ni-Ya Zhang, Shahid Ali Rajput, Luoyi Zhu, and Farhan Anwar Khan
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Liver histopathology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Growth ,antioxidant capacity ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,residue ,Animals ,Proanthocyanidins ,Vitis ,Food science ,detoxification ,broilers ,lcsh:R ,Correction ,Antioxidant capacity ,030104 developmental biology ,grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ,n/a ,Liver ,Seeds ,histopathology ,Grape seed proanthocyanidin ,Chickens - Abstract
Aflatoxicosis is a grave threat to the poultry industry. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants showed a great potential in enhancing the immune system; hence, protecting animals against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) one of the most well-known and powerful antioxidants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of GSPE in the detoxification of AFB1 in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments of six replicates (10 birds per replicate), fed ad libitum for four weeks with the following dietary treatments: 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + 1 mg/kg AFB1 contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (GSPE 250 mg/kg) 4. Basal diet + AFB1 (1 mg/kg) + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (AFB1 + GSPE 250 mg/kg) 5. Basal diet + AFB1 (1mg/kg) + GSPE 500 mg/kg, (AFB1 + GSPE 500 mg/kg). When compared with the control group, feeding broilers with AFB1 alone significantly reduced growth performance, serum immunoglobulin contents, negatively altered serum biochemical contents, and enzyme activities, and induced histopathological lesion in the liver. In addition, AFB1 significantly increased malondialdehyde content and decreased total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase activities, and glutathione concentration within the liver and serum. The supplementation of GSPE (250 and 500 mg/kg) to AFB1 contaminated diet reduced AFB1 residue in the liver and significantly mitigated AFB1 negative effects. From these results, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of GSPE has protective effects against aflatoxicosis caused by AFB1 in broiler chickens.
- Published
- 2018
31. Individual and Combined Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds in China
- Author
-
Ni-Ya Zhang, Jie-Fan Dai, Niel A. Karrow, Wen-Mei Xie, Lv-Hui Sun, Meng Liu, Desheng Qi, Shahid Ali Rajput, Yun Wang, Lei Zhang, Yong-Teng Su, and Rui Ma
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Aflatoxin ,China ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,deoxynivalenol ,lcsh:Medicine ,Food Contamination ,Biology ,Feed management ,Toxicology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Bioremediation ,Mycotoxin ,Zearalenone ,business.industry ,zearalenone ,lcsh:R ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Contamination ,040401 food science ,Animal Feed ,aflatoxin B1 ,feedstuffs ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Livestock ,business ,Trichothecenes ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the individual and combined contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in feedstuffs from different Provinces of China between 2016 and 2017. A total of 1569 samples, including 742 feed ingredients and 827 complete pig feed samples, were collected from various regions of China for mycotoxins analysis. The results showed that individual occurrence rates of AFB1, ZEN, and DON were more than 83.3%, 88%, and 74.5%, respectively, in all the tested samples. DON was the most prevalent contaminant, followed by ZEN and AFB1, with the average concentrations ranging from 450.0–4381.5 μg/kg, 2.3–729.2 μg/kg, and 1.3–10.0 μg/kg, respectively. Notable, 38.2%, 10.8%, and 0.6% of complete pig feeds were contaminated with DON, ZEN, and AFB1 over China’s regulatory limits, respectively. Moreover, over 75.0% analyzed samples were co-contaminated with two or three mycotoxins. In conclusion, the current study revealed that the feedstuffs in China were severely contaminated with DON, followed by ZEN and AFB1 during the past two years. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring mycotoxins in livestock feed and implementing feed management and bioremediation strategies to reduce mycotoxin exposure.
- Published
- 2018
32. A novel strain of <scp> C </scp> ellulosimicrobium funkei can biologically detoxify aflatoxin <scp>B</scp> 1 in ducklings
- Author
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Xin Gao, Chang-Qin Gu, Ni-Ya Zhang, Desheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun, Christopher Steven Krumm, and Ran-Ran Sun
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Microorganism ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Bioengineering ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Feed conversion ratio ,Microbiology ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,medicine ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Food science ,Liver damage ,Alanine aminotransferase ,Research Articles ,Biotransformation ,Phylogeny ,Soil Microbiology ,Microscopy ,Strain (chemistry) ,Histocytochemistry ,Cellulosimicrobium funkei ,Poisoning ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Biodegradation ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Diet ,Actinobacteria ,Biological Therapy ,Ducks ,Animals, Newborn ,Liver ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to screen microorganisms with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) removal potential from soils and to evaluate their ability in reducing the toxic effects of AFB1 in ducklings. In experiment 1, we screened 11 isolates that showed the AFB1 biodegradation ability, and the one exhibited the highest AFB1 removal ability (97%) was characterized and identified as Cellulosimicrobium funkei (C. funkei). In experiment 2, 80 day-old Cherry Valley ducklings were divided into four groups with four replicates of five birds each and were used in a 2 by 2 factorial trial design, in which the main factors included administration of AFB1 versus solvent and C. funkei versus solvent for 2 weeks. The AFB1 treatment significantly decreased the body weight gain, feed intake and impaired feed conversion ratio. AFB1 also decreased serum albumin and total protein concentration, while it increased activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and liver damage in the ducklings. Supplementation of C. funkei alleviated the adverse effects of AFB1 on growth performance, and provided protective effects on the serum biochemical indicators, and decreased hepatic injury in the ducklings. Conclusively, our results suggest that the novel isolated C. funkei strain could be used to mitigate the negative effects of aflatoxicosis in ducklings.
- Published
- 2015
33. Hepatotoxic effects of mycotoxin combinations in mice
- Author
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Lv-Hui Sun, Desheng Qi, Ling Zhao, Ni-Ya Zhang, Ming-yan Lei, and Christopher Steven Krumm
- Subjects
Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Weanling ,Growth ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Antioxidants ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Liver Function Tests ,Oral administration ,Malondialdehyde ,medicine ,Animals ,Drug Interactions ,Aspartate Aminotransferases ,Mycotoxin ,Serum Albumin ,Liver injury ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,food and beverages ,Alanine Transaminase ,Organ Size ,General Medicine ,Mycotoxins ,medicine.disease ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Toxicity ,Zearalenone ,Female ,Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ,Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ,Trichothecenes ,Liver function tests ,Food Science - Abstract
This study was performed to assess the individual and combined toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) within the liver of mice. A total of 56 4-week-old weanling female mice were divided into seven groups (n = 8). For 2 weeks, each group received an oral administration of either solvent (control), AFB1, ZEA, DON, AFB1 + ZEA, AFB1 + DON or ZEA + DON per day. The results showed that AFB1, ZEA and DON induced liver injury, indicated by elevated relative liver weight, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as decreased albumin (ALB) and/or total protein (TP) concentration in the serum. These mycotoxins also decreased hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and/or increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, AFB1 + DON displayed synergistic effects, while AFB1 + ZEA displayed antagonistic effects on those parameters previously described. Furthermore, the apoptotic potential was demonstrated associated with an upregulation of the apoptotic genes Caspase-3 and Bax, along with a downregulation of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 in liver. In conclusion, this study provides a better understanding of the toxic effects of AFB1, ZEA, DON, alone or in combinations on the liver of mice, which could contribute to the risk assessment of these mycotoxins in food and feed.
- Published
- 2014
34. Effects of different substrates and oils on aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus
- Author
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Huihui Ma, Desheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun, and Ni-Ya Zhang
- Subjects
Aflatoxin ,biology ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Substrate (chemistry) ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Aspergillus parasiticus ,Crop ,Oil content ,Aflatoxin contamination ,Botany ,Composition (visual arts) ,Germ ,Food science ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination levels vary from crop to crop, suggesting that it is of great significance to explore the effects of different substrates on aflatoxins production. In this study, the effects of corn, wheat, peanut, and soybean on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by Aspergillus parasiticus were investigated, and the effects of corn germ, wheat germ, soybean, and peanut oils on the production of AFB1 by A. parasiticus in the corresponding defatted substrates were evaluated at the rates of 2, 5, 10, and 15 g/100 g of substrate. The effects of the combinations of different oils with different defatted substrates on the accumulation of AFB1 by A. parasiticus were also studied. AFB1 concentration was determined by HPLC. The results indicated that high-lipid substrates of soybean and peanut had significantly higher AFB1 production than low-fat substrates of wheat and corn throughout the entire incubation period (15 days) in both autoclaved and non-autoclaved grains. Corn germ, wheat germ, soybean, and peanut oils with different doses could effectively stimulate AFB1 accumulation, and AFB1 production was determined by the oil content of the substrates. Our results suggest that the oil content of substrates is one of the factors affecting AFB1 production by A. parasiticus and that the composition and content of the substrates may also play a role.
- Published
- 2014
35. Gestational Zearalenone Exposure Causes Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity in Pregnant Rats and Female Offspring
- Author
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Chong Li, Zhuohui Xiao, Lv-Hui Sun, Ni-Ya Zhang, Jiacai Zhang, Desheng Qi, and Xin Gao
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Developmental toxicity ,Uterus ,lcsh:Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Pregnancy ,F1 female rats ,Birth Weight ,Estradiol ,Reproduction ,GNRHR ,Age Factors ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hormone receptor ,Maternal Exposure ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Gestation ,Female ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Offspring ,Gestational Age ,Biology ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,zearalenone ,gestational exposure ,transgenerational toxicity ,Internal medicine ,Placenta ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,lcsh:R ,fungi ,Ovary ,Animal Feed ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Food Microbiology ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,Hormone - Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an oestrogenic mycotoxin commonly found in food and feed products and can affect reproduction and development in both humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the toxic effects of ZEN on maternal SD rats and the F1 female offspring. Sixty-four pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups and exposed to feed contaminated with ZEN (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg feed) on gestational days (GDs) 0–21. Compared with the controls, the groups exposed to 10 and 20 mg/kg ZEN showed significantly decreased feed intake and body weight of pregnant rats and/or female offspring. Meanwhile, 20 mg/kg ZEN significantly decreased the birth weight and viability of F1 newborn rats. Moreover, 10 and 20 mg/kg ZEN diets increased follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations but decreased oestradiol in both maternal and F1 adult rats. In the F1 generation, ZEN caused no pathological changes in ovaries and uterus in weaned rats, but significant follicular atresia and a thinning uterine layer were found in F1 female adult rats in the 20 mg/kg ZEN group. These impairments concurred with the inhibited mRNA and protein levels of oestrogen receptor-alpha (Esr1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) in the adult uterus and/or ovaries. Furthermore, 10 and/or 20 mg/kg ZEN exposure significantly reduced Esr1, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHr), and ATP binding cassette transporters b1 and c1 (ABCb1 and ABCc1) in the placenta and foetal and weaned F1 brains, and also produced a dose-dependent increase in 3β-HSD in the placenta. Additionally, 20 mg/kg ZEN significantly upregulated ABCc5 expression in the placenta and ovaries of weaned rats. These results suggested that prenatal ZEN exposure in rats affected maternal and foetal development and may lead to long-term reproductive impairment in F1 adult females.
- Published
- 2016
36. Curcumin Prevents Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes in Chick Liver
- Author
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Jie Liu, Desheng Qi, Shahid Ali Rajput, Christopher Steven Krumm, Chang-Qin Gu, Lv-Hui Sun, Ming-Kun Zhu, Ling Zhao, Jiao Guo, Ni-Ya Zhang, and Ming Qi
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Aflatoxin ,chicks ,Antioxidant ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Curcumin ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,CYP450 ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,DNA Adducts ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,curcumin ,aflatoxin B1 ,AFBO–DNA ,medicine ,Animals ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ,RNA, Messenger ,CYP2A6 ,Liver injury ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,lcsh:R ,CYP1A2 ,Glutathione ,Malondialdehyde ,medicine.disease ,Isoenzymes ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Liver ,biology.protein ,Carcinogens ,Microsomes, Liver ,Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ,Chickens ,Peroxidase - Abstract
This study was designed to establish if Curcumin (CM) alleviates Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxic effects and to determine whether alteration of the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes is involved in the regulation of these effects in chick liver. One-day-old male broilers (n = 120) were divided into four groups and used in a two by two factorial trial in which the main factors included supplementing AFB1 (< 5 vs. 100 μg/kg) and CM (0 vs. 150 mg/kg) in a corn/soybean-based diet. Administration of AFB1 induced liver injury, significantly decreasing albumin and total protein concentrations and increasing alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in serum, and induced hepatic histological lesions at week 2. AFB1 also significantly decreased hepatic glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels, while increasing malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO)-DNA concentrations. In addition, the mRNA and/or activity of enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1 into AFBO—including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP3A4—were significantly induced in liver microsomes after 2-week exposure to AFB1. These alterations induced by AFB1 were prevented by CM supplementation. Conclusively, dietary CM protected chicks from AFB1-induced liver injury, potentially through the synergistic actions of increased antioxidant capacities and inhibition of the pivotal CYP450 isozyme-mediated activation of AFB1 to toxic AFBO.
- Published
- 2016
37. The response of glandular gastric transcriptome to T-2 toxin in chicks
- Author
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Jie-Fan Dai, Lv-Hui Sun, Desheng Qi, You-Wei Wang, Jing-Jing Luo, Yu Zhang, Ni-Ya Zhang, Jin-Tao Wei, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, and Hua Sun
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Necrosis ,Administration, Oral ,Inflammation ,Biology ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Desquamation ,Transcriptome ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Edema ,RNA, Messenger ,Wound Healing ,Toxin ,General Medicine ,T-2 Toxin ,Endocrinology ,Gastric Mucosa ,Apoptosis ,medicine.symptom ,Carcinogenesis ,Wound healing ,Chickens ,Food Science - Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of T-2 toxin on the transcriptome of the glandular stomach in chicks using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Four groups of 1-day-old Cobb male broilers (n = 4 cages/group, 6 chicks/cage) were fed a corn-soybean-based diet (control) and control supplemented with T-2 toxin at 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively, for 2 weeks. The histological results showed that dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin at 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg induced glandular gastric injury including serious inflammation, increased inflammatory cells, mucosal edema, and necrosis and desquamation of the epithelial cells in the glandular stomach of chicks. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that there were 671, 1393, and 1394 genes displayed ≥2 (P
- Published
- 2019
38. A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks
- Author
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Lv-Hui Sun, Ying Liu, Desheng Qi, Jin-Tao Wei, Ni-Ya Zhang, Kuntan Wu, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Qiang Liu, Jie-Fan Dai, and Hua Sun
- Subjects
Male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate ,lcsh:Medicine ,Absorption (skin) ,Intestinal morphology ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Eating ,Animal science ,Adsorption ,T-2 toxin ,Intestine, Small ,medicine ,Animals ,Aspartate Aminotransferases ,Nutrient digestibility ,broilers ,Toxin ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Alanine Transaminase ,modified HSCAS ,Blood Proteins ,Nutrients ,Liver ,Serum biochemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Toxicity ,Aluminum Silicates ,Digestion ,Chickens ,absorption - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce the toxicity of T-2 toxin in broilers. Ninety-six one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with four replicates of six birds each. The four groups, 1&ndash, 4, received a basal diet (BD), a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin, a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin with 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, and a BD plus 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, respectively, for two weeks. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, and small intestinal histopathology were analyzed. Compared to the control group, dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin decreased (p <, 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio by 11.4%&ndash, 31.8% during the whole experiment. It also decreased (p <, 0.05) the apparent metabolic rates of crude protein, calcium, and total phosphorus by 14.9%&ndash, 16.1%. The alterations induced by T-2 toxin were mitigated (p <, 0.05) by the supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent. Meanwhile, dietary modified HSCAS adsorbent supplementation prevented (p <, 0.05) increased serum aspartate aminotransferase by T-2 toxin at d 14. It also prevented (p <, 0.05) T-2 toxin-induced morphological changes and damage in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. However, dietary supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent alone did not affect (p >, 0.05) any of these variables. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the modified HSCAS adsorbent could be used against T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and hepatic and small intestinal injuries in chicks.
- Published
- 2019
39. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers
- Author
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Dost Muhammad Bloch, Ni-Ya Zhang, Shuai Wang, Shahid Ali Rajput, Zhao Ling, Desheng Qi, Lv-Hui Sun, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Imran Rashid Rajput, Li Chong, Farhan Anwar Khan, and Aftab Shaukat
- Subjects
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract ,Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Antioxidant ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,Pharmacology ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,NF-κB ,Nrf2 ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Immunotoxicity ,oxidative stress ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Broilers ,lcsh:R ,Broiler ,food and beverages ,IκBα ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Phosphorylation ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely spread mycotoxin contaminates food and feed, causing severe oxidative stress damages and immunotoxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPE), a natural antioxidant with wide range of pharmacological and medicinal properties. The goal of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of GSPE against AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress via NF-&kappa, B and Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. For the experiment, 240 one-day old Cobb chicks were allocated into four dietary treatment groups of six replicates (10 birds per replicate): 1. Basal diet (control), 2. Basal diet + AFB1 1mg/kg contaminated corn (AFB1), 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg (GSPE), 4. Basal diet + AFB1 1 mg/kg + GSPE 250 mg/kg (AFB1 + GSPE). The results showed that GSPE significantly decreased serum inflammatory cytokines TNF-&alpha, IFN-&gamma, IL-1&beta, IL-10, and IL-6 induced by AFB1. Similarly, GSPE + AFB1 treated group revealed a significant decrease in mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-&alpha, and IL-6) in the splenic tissue compared to the AFB1 treatment group. In addition, western blotting results manifested that GSPE treatment normalized the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p65) and the degradation of I&kappa, B&alpha, protein induced by AFB1. Furthermore, GSPE enhanced the antioxidant defense system through activating the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The mRNA and protein expression level of Nrf2 and its down streaming associated genes were noted up-regulated by the addition of GSPE, and down-regulated in the AFB1 group. Taken together, GSPE alleviates AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage by inhibiting the NF-&kappa, B and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. Conclusively, our results suggest that GSPE could be considered as a potential natural agent for the prevention of AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage.
- Published
- 2019
40. Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus
- Author
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Lv-Hui Sun, Jie Liu, Desheng Qi, Jiacai Zhang, Jiao Guo, Shahid Ali Rajput, Chong Li, and Ni-Ya Zhang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Sucrose ,Article Subject ,Starch ,030106 microbiology ,Carbohydrates ,lcsh:Medicine ,Aspergillus flavus ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Stachyose ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,Food science ,Amino Acids ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,lcsh:R ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Maltose ,biology.organism_classification ,Starch analysis ,Trace Elements ,Solubility ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Seeds ,Corn Oil ,Research Article - Abstract
The current study was to better understand the potential factors affecting aflatoxin B1(AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains. The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. These results verified that removal of lipids from ground substrates significantly reduced the substrate’s potential for AFB1production byAspergillus flavus. Maltose, glucose, sucrose, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and zinc significantly induced AFB1production up to 1.7- to 26.6-fold. And stachyose more significantly promotedA. flavusgrowth than the other nutrients. Thus, this study demonstrated that, combined with the nutrients content of grains, in addition to lipids, sucrose, stachyose, glutamic acid, and zinc might play key roles in various grains that are differentially infected byA. flavus. Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1production andA. flavusgrowth, respectively. The results provide new concepts for antifungal methods to protect food and animal feed from AFB1contamination.
- Published
- 2016
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41. 716 Maternal supplementation of DL-Met or OH-Met above the requirement in total sulfur amino acids benefits to neonatal growth of piglets
- Author
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L. B. Ma, Ni-Ya Zhang, D. I. Batonon-Alavo, Lv-Hui Sun, B. Y. Xu, Yves Mercier, and F. Rouffineau
- Subjects
Biochemistry ,Sulfur Amino Acids ,Chemistry ,Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Food Science - Published
- 2017
42. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1
- Author
-
Zhao Ling, Xin Gao, Shahid Ali Rajput, Luoyi Zhu, Desheng Qi, Farhan Anwar Khan, Jiacai Zhang, Lv-Hui Sun, Ni-Ya Zhang, and Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Glutathione reductase ,lcsh:Medicine ,antioxidant capacity ,Toxicology ,Superoxide dismutase ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,residue ,grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ,broilers ,detoxification ,histopathology ,Food science ,biology ,lcsh:R ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Glutathione ,Malondialdehyde ,040201 dairy & animal science ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Catalase ,Toxicity ,biology.protein - Abstract
Aflatoxicosis is a grave threat to the poultry industry. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants showed a great potential in enhancing the immune system; hence, protecting animals against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) one of the most well-known and powerful antioxidants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of GSPE in the detoxification of AFB1 in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments of six replicates (10 birds per replicate), fed ad libitum for four weeks with the following dietary treatments: 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + 1 mg/kg AFB1 contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (GSPE 250 mg/kg) 4. Basal diet + AFB1 (1 mg/kg) + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (AFB1 + GSPE 250 mg/kg) 5. Basal diet + AFB1 (1mg/kg) + GSPE 500 mg/kg, (AFB1 + GSPE 500 mg/kg). When compared with the control group, feeding broilers with AFB1 alone significantly reduced growth performance, serum immunoglobulin contents, negatively altered serum biochemical contents, and enzyme activities, and induced histopathological lesion in the liver. In addition, AFB1 significantly increased malondialdehyde content and decreased total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase activities, and glutathione concentration within the liver and serum. The supplementation of GSPE (250 and 500 mg/kg) to AFB1 contaminated diet reduced AFB1 residue in the liver and significantly mitigated AFB1 negative effects. From these results, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of GSPE has protective effects against aflatoxicosis caused by AFB1 in broiler chickens.
- Published
- 2017
43. Response of the hepatic transcriptome to aflatoxin B1 in ducklings
- Author
-
Lv-Hui Sun, Christopher Steven Krumm, Xin Gao, Chang-Qin Gu, Desheng Qi, Jie Liu, Ling Zhao, Ni-Ya Zhang, Ming Qi, and Song Wenjing
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Andrology ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Gene expression ,Animals ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Fatty acid metabolism ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Albumin ,Cell cycle ,030104 developmental biology ,Ducks ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Liver ,Apoptosis ,Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ,Drug metabolism - Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the hepatic transcriptome in ducklings through RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Twenty four, 1-day-old ducklings were divided into 4 treatment groups. Each group received an oral dose of AFB1 at 0, 10, 20, 40 μg/kg BW per day for 2 weeks. Administration of 20 and 40 μg/kg BW of AFB1 significantly decreased body weight, feed intake, serum total protein and albumin, while increasing serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, and hepatic histopathological lesions. Furthermore, RNA was extracted from the liver of ducklings administrated 0 and 40 μg/kg BW of AFB1. Two RNA-Seq libraries were created from pooled samples and produced over 149 M reads, totaling 14.9 Gb of sequence. Approximately 96,953 predicted transcripts were assembled, 749 of which had significant differential expressions (≥ 2-fold) between the control and AFB1 treatment. GO and KEGG pathway analysis results showed that many genes involved in phase I metabolism, phase II detoxification, oxidation-reduction process, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and cell cycle, and fatty acid metabolism were affected by AFB1 exposure. Conclusion, this study determined the hepatic transcriptome responded to AFB1 exposure, and provide candidate genes can be targeted to prevent and/or reduce aflatoxicosis in ducklings.
- Published
- 2015
44. Individual and combined cytotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1 on BRL 3A rat liver cells
- Author
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Lv Hui Sun, De Sheng Qi, Ming Yan Lei, Ni Ya Zhang, Christopher Steven Krumm, Xin Gao, and Chong Li
- Subjects
Aflatoxin ,Aflatoxin B1 ,Cell Survival ,Down-Regulation ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Fumonisins ,Cell Line ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fumonisin ,Animals ,MTT assay ,Viability assay ,Cytotoxicity ,Mycotoxin ,Zearalenone ,bcl-2-Associated X Protein ,Fumonisin B1 ,Caspase 8 ,Caspase 3 ,food and beverages ,Molecular biology ,Rats ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Liver ,Hepatocytes ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Trichothecenes - Abstract
This study was performed to determine the individual and combined cytotoxic effects of Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) on BRL 3A rat liver cells. After the mycotoxins treated the BRL 3A cells for 12, 24 and 48 h, cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of individual mycotoxins on BRL 3A cell viability in decreasing order were DON > AFB 1 > ZEA > FB 1 . The central composite design (CCD) was used to assess the toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures of these mycotoxins. The mixtures of AFB 1 + ZEA and AFB 1 + DON showed the synergetic toxic effects on BRL 3A cells. These toxins decreased the viability of cells by inducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promoting apoptosis in the BRL 3A cells. This effect was mediated by an upregulation of the stress and apoptotic genes Hsp70, p53, Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8, along with a downregulation of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2. In conclusion, our results suggested that the coexistence of AFB 1 and ZEA or DON in agricultural products could be more hepatotoxic than individually, suggests that the toxicological interactions of these toxins need to be better understood to assess health risks.
- Published
- 2014
45. Effects of dietary tin on growth performance, hematology, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status, and tin retention in broilers
- Author
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Ni-Ya Zhang, Lv-Hui Sun, Qiang Zheng, Christopher Steven Krumm, Qin-Hui Zhai, Xin Gao, Chong Li, and Desheng Qi
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Hematocrit ,Biochemistry ,Feed conversion ratio ,Antioxidants ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Superoxide dismutase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hemoglobins ,Animal science ,Malondialdehyde ,medicine ,Ingestion ,Animals ,Glutathione Peroxidase ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Body Weight ,General Medicine ,Alkaline Phosphatase ,chemistry ,Tin ,Toxicity ,Dietary Supplements ,biology.protein ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Chickens - Abstract
Tin (Sn) is widely used in daily life and distributed in many tissues and nutrients. Although over-ingestion of Sn can cause health problems, relatively little attention has been given to the toxic effects of Sn in livestock health and productivity. This study was performed to investigate the toxic effects of prolonged high intake of dietary Sn on broilers. 150 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into five treatment groups, with five replicates of six birds. For 6 weeks, each group was fed a corn-soybean basal diet (BD) or BD + Sn (as SnCl2) at 120, 240, 480, or 720 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the control, hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly decreased when supplemented with Sn up to 480 mg/kg, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased until Sn supplementation at 720 mg/kg. Moreover, dietary Sn supplementation at 720 mg/kg decreased BW gain, feed intake, and impaired feed conversion ratio. The 720 mg Sn/kg group also increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), while decreased hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC), and hematocrit (HCT) in the blood. Furthermore, the accumulation of Sn in various tissues was dose dependent on Sn ingestion. It was found that the tibia and feather are the two main tissues for Sn accumulation, followed by the liver, kidney, and other tissues in broilers. In conclusion, the adverse effects on broilers were induced when diets supplemented with Sn up to 480 mg/kg. Sn levels also managed to accumulate in the tibia and feather of broilers.
- Published
- 2014
46. 1015 Curcumin prevents hepatotoxic effects of Aflatoxin B1 associated with inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes genes in chick liver
- Author
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Lv-Hui Sun, Ling Zhao, Desheng Qi, Ni-Ya Zhang, and Meng-Xiang Zhu
- Subjects
Aflatoxin ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cytochrome P450 ,General Medicine ,Isozyme ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biochemistry ,Genetics ,Curcumin ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Gene ,Food Science - Published
- 2016
47. Curcumin Prevents Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes in Chick Liver.
- Author
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Ni-Ya Zhang, Ming Qi, Ling Zhao, Ming-Kun Zhu, Jiao Guo, Jie Liu, Chang-Qin Gu, Ali Rajput, Shahid, Krumm, Christopher Steven, De-Sheng Qi, and Lv-Hui Sun
- Subjects
- *
CURCUMIN , *AFLATOXINS , *HEPATOTOXICOLOGY , *CYTOCHROME P-450 , *ISOENZYMES , *LIVER injuries , *ALANINE aminotransferase , *ASPARTATE aminotransferase , *PREVENTION , *INJURY risk factors - Abstract
This study was designed to establish if Curcumin (CM) alleviates Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxic effects and to determine whether alteration of the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes is involved in the regulation of these effects in chick liver. One-day-old male broilers (n = 120) were divided into four groups and used in a two by two factorialtrial in which the main factors included supplementing AFB1 (< 5 vs. 100 μg/kg) and CM (0 vs. 150 mg/kg) in a corn/soybean-based diet. Administration of AFB1 induced liver injury, significantly decreasing albumin and total protein concentrations and increasing alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in serum, and induced hepatic histological lesions at week 2. AFB1 also significantly decreased hepatic glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels, while increasing malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO)-DNA concentrations. In addition, the mRNA and/or activity of enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1 into AFBO—including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP3A4—were significantly induced in liver microsomes after 2-week exposure to AFB1. These alterations induced by AFB1 were prevented by CM supplementation. Conclusively, dietary CM protected chicks from AFB1-induced liver injury, potentially through the synergistic actions of increased antioxidant capacities and inhibition of the pivotal CYP450 isozyme-mediated activation of AFB1 to toxic AFBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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