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The demand for accurate, faster, and inexpensive sequencing of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is increasing and is driving the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. NGS can provide useful insights to help researchers and clinicians to develop the right treatment options. NGS has wide applications in novel fields in biology and medicine. These technologies are of great aid to decode mysteries of life, to improve the quality of crops to detect the pathogens, and also useful in improving life qualities. Thousands to millions of molecules can be sequenced simultaneously in parallel using various NGS methods. NGS can identify and characterize the microbial species more comprehensively than culture-based methods. Recently, the NGS approach has been used for oral microbial analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey was conducted in 2022 to identify the constraints perceived by the beneficiaries of the Goat Bank of Karkheda, with randomly selected 300 beneficiaries out of 590 beneficiaries in all; from five districts of Maharashtra state under the jurisdiction of the goat bank. The data were collected by direct and personal interviews using a pre-tested, semi-structured interview schedule. The Garrett ranking technique was used to determine the most significant factor (constraint) that was perceived to influence the respondents. The study identified various constraints perceived to be severe by the goat bank beneficiaries, including shrinkage of grazing land (Mean score, i.e., MS 60.70), distant location of veterinary hospital (MS 65.57), poor financial resources (MS 55.40), delayed puberty in goats (MS 61.81), lesser remunerative prices offered by middlemen (MS 67.13), poor knowledge on scientific goat production (MS 64.44), and mortality in goats (MS 56.58) under the respective categories of constraints, viz. constraints regarding socio-economic status, health management, feeding management, breeding management, marketing management, care and management, and the general constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study highlights the vital role of Machine Learning in aiding myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis, crucial in remote areas with limited medical resources. By leveraging ML algorithms and accessible patient data, it offers a valuable tool for early MI detection and risk assessment in underserved regions, potentially improving patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. Methods: In this case-control study, data from 1,200 individuals (300 MI, 900 non- MI) were collected. Significant variables were identified using correlation. Eight ML models were built based on the patient's historical 24 variables and evaluated using the F1 score, Cohen's Kappa, and AUROC. We also conducted real-time clinical validation to assess the practical applicability of the model. Results: In terms of training time, logistic regression (LR) with L2 regularization, AdaBoost, and XGBoost models showed significantly higher times (410ms, 520ms, and 220ms, respectively). LR had the lowest errors (1.67% training, 1.11% testing) and achieved a high accuracy of 96%, notable precision, recall, and an impressive AUC of 98.87%. In real-time clinical validation, LR and XGBoost performed exceptionally well, boasting F1 scores of 96.27% and 98.70%, respectively, solidifying their effectiveness for predictive accuracy in a clinical setting. Conclusion: In real-time clinical validation, LR and XGBoost based on patient's historical data showcased impressive predictive power, highlighting their potential in clinical settings. These models can be helpful to improve the diagnosis of MI in Remote Areas with Limited Medical Resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains mathematical framework of physical phenomenon happening in nature and social opinion dynamics. It is divided into two parts. The first part deals with design of the trajectory tracking algorithm for multiple mobile robots and in the second part rendezvous algorithm is described. Trajectory tracking algorithm is designed using leader-follower approach in which each follower robot tracks the reference trajectory generated by the leader. Rendezvous algorithm is designed by deriving consensus equation using algebraic graph theory. Condition for achieving rendezvous point is also derived. Simulation shows the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide has been explored to optimize conditioning dosing. We hypothesized that post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) metabolite carboxy-ethyl phosphoramide mustard (CEPM) pharmacokinetics might impact haploidentical transplantation (haplo-HCT) outcomes. CEPM area under the curve (AUC0–48) was determined by eleven sampling timepoints on day +3/+4 using LC-MS/MS. The median CEPM AUC0–48 in a cohort of 30 patients was 14.2 (14) mg·hr/L. The incidence of severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (73% vs. 11%, p = 0.02), and GVHD-/relapse-free survival (GRFS) was significantly inferior in the CEPM AUC0–48 < 14 mg·hr/L group (54 days vs. 344 days, p = 0.02). There was, however, no difference in grade III-IV acute GVHD (38% vs. 14%, p = 0.12) and overall survival (295 days vs. not reached, p = 0.2). CEPM AUC0–48, is associated with severe chronic GVHD and GRFS post-haplo-HCT in this exploratory study. There is scope for personalizing day + 4 PTCy dose based on day + 3 CEPM AUC0–8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, the preference for chitosan (CS) and gum polysaccharides in biomedical applications including drug delivery and wound healing has been extensively documented. Despite this, the demerits of CS and gum polysaccharides such as poor mechanical properties, degradation rate, swelling, etc. , limit their applications for designing biocomposite films for drug delivery. Therefore, the anticipated work aims to design a CS and neem gum polysaccharides (NGP) polyelectrolyte complex-based allantoin (AT)-loaded (CS/NGP-AT) biocomposite film for improved wound healing. In brief, CS, NGP, and CS/NGP-AT-based biocomposite films were prepared using the solvent-casting method, and in-vitro , ex-vivo , and in-vivo characterizations were performed to assess the performance of these biocomposite films compared to their counterparts. In this, diffractogram and thermogram analysis assured the conversion of crystalline AT into an amorphous form. The optimized CS/NGP/AT-3 formulation exhibited controlled water absorption, appropriate water uptake capacity, good water retention ability, excellent water vapor transmission rate, controlled degradation rate, enhanced mechanical properties, cell and blood biocompatibility, etc. Furthermore, it offered improved antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential. The optimized film provided a modified release (88.3 ± 0.3 %) of AT from the film for up to 48 h. Wound healing experiments on rats and their histopathology studies confirmed a significantly higher rate of wound recovery within 14 days compared to the control and CS/NGP film, attributable to the combined effects of CS, NGP, and AT. In conclusion, the fabricated CS/NGP-based biocomposite film presents promising prospects as an excellent candidate for wound healing applications. [Display omitted] • Prepared chitosan (CS) and neem gum polysaccharide (NGP) polyelectrolyte complex allantoin (AT)-loaded biocomposite film • The polyelectrolyte complex of CS and NGP improved the tensile strength and other properties of the film. • The wound healing activity confirmed a high rate of wound reduction using the proposed biocomposite film. • In the future, the preference for CS/NGP-AT-based biocomposite films can offer an exceptional alternative for wound healing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacy professionals' understanding and viewpoints on drug information center (DIC) services and differences, if any, with pharmacologist's survey conducted earlier. Materials and Methods: An electronic cross-sectional knowledge, practice, and attitude survey was carried out. A questionnaire in the form of the hyperlink was sent to pharmacy professionals through e-mail, Facebook messenger, and WhatsApp. Factors linked to pharmacy professionals' vision in expanding countrywide DIC services were studied with logistic regression in R. Results: A total of 125 pharmacy professionals responded. The participant believing in the published literature as a standard reference for establishing and running the DIC services; participants identifying more challenges in the day-to-day DIC functioning; and participants believing in the ability of DIC in reducing morbidity, mortality, and cost of care had 4.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97-6.44), 4.24 (95% CI = 0.97-6.44), and 2.43 (95% CI = 0.97-6.44) times association with good knowledge score. Good attitude scores were discovered of participants working in fully and partially functional DIC (odds ratio [OR] = 9.66, CI = 0.97-6.44 and OR = 9.49, CI = 0.97-6.44) to participants not involved in DIC duties. The participant who understood DIC services' real purpose had 2.83 (95% CI = 0.97-6.44) times association with good practice scores. Overall, pharmacy professionals carried better attitude scores, but lesser knowledge, and practice scores than pharmacology professionals. Conclusion: Lower knowledge and practice score of pharmacy professionals asks for training in critical appraisal of published literature and due modifications in graduate and postgraduate curricula. A collaborative approach between pharmacists and pharmacologists is needed to improve the quality of drug information services and evidence-based medicine practice in low-resource countries like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influenza A virus (IAV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a protein with multiple functions that are regulated by phosphorylation. Phosphoproteomic screening of H1N1 virus-infected cells revealed that NS1 was phosphorylated at serine 205 in intermediate stages of the viral life cycle. Interestingly, S205 is one of six amino acid changes in NS1 of post-pandemic H1N1 viruses currently circulating in humans compared to the original swine-origin 2009 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) virus, suggesting a role in host adaptation. To identify NS1 functions regulated by S205 phosphorylation, we generated recombinant PR8 H1N1 NS1 mutants with S205G (nonphosphorylatable) or S205N (H1N1pdm09 signature), as well as H1N1pdm09 viruses harboring the reverse mutation NS1 N205S or N205D (phosphomimetic). Replication of PR8 NS1 mutants was attenuated relative to wild-type (WT) virus replication in a porcine cell line. However, PR8 NS1 S205N showed remarkably higher attenuation than PR8 NS1 S205G in a human cell line, highlighting a potential host-independent advantage of phosphorylatable S205, while an asparagine at this position led to a potential host-specific attenuation. Interestingly, PR8 NS1 S205G did not show polymerase activity-enhancing functions, in contrast to the WT, which can be attributed to diminished interaction with cellular restriction factor DDX21. Analysis of the respective kinase mediating S205 phosphorylation indicated an involvement of casein kinase 2 (CK2). CK2 inhibition significantly reduced the replication of WT viruses and decreased NS1-DDX21 interaction, as observed for NS1 S205G. In summary, NS1 S205 is required for efficient NS1-DDX21 binding, resulting in enhanced viral polymerase activity, which is likely to be regulated by transient phosphorylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel alkyne-assisted annulation reaction of MBH-carbonates of propiolaldehydes with α-nitro/bromo ketones is reported, providing a facile synthesis of substituted 2H-pyrans in good yields. This reaction divulges the inimitable reactivity of the MBH-carbonates of propiolaldehydes as C3-synthons wherein the alkyne functionality promoted the reaction without participating in the oxa-[3+3] annulation. The obtained products, having alkyne and ester functionalities, allowed further annulations to generate diverse pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Terbinafine (TBF), a common antifungal agent, has been associated with rare incidences of hepatotoxicity. It is hypothesized that bioactivation of TBF to reactive intermediates and subsequent binding to critical cellular proteins may contribute to this toxicity. In the present study, we have characterized the bioactivation pathways of TBF extensively in human, mouse, monkey, dog and rat liver microsomes and hepatocytes. 2. A total of twenty glutathione conjugates of TBF were identified in hepatocytes; thirteen of these conjugates were also detected in liver microsomes. To the best of our knowledge, only two of these conjugates have been reported previously. The conjugates were categorized into three groups based on their mechanism of formation: (a) alkene/alkyne oxidation followed by glutathione conjugation, with or without N-demethylation, (b) arene oxidation followed by glutathione conjugation, with or without N-demethylation, and (c) N-dealkylation followed by glutathione conjugation of the allylic aldehyde, alcohol and acid intermediates. 3. Differences were observed across species in the contributions of these pathways toward overall metabolic turnover. We conclude that, in addition to the glutathione conjugates known to form by Michael addition to the allylic aldehyde, there are other pathways involving the formation of arene oxides and alkene/alkyne epoxides that may be relevant to the discussion of TBF-mediated idiosyncratic drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are in use for physiological boosting, health supplement, and for treatment since historical time. Recently, the to-and-fro pathways linking the gut with the brain, explaining the indirect communication via modulation of immune function and levels of various neurotransmitters, have been discovered, but how precisely these modulations alter the levels of neurotransmitters contributing to the cognitive and other symptom improvements in patients with schizophrenia remains a new arena of research for psychiatry and psychology professionals. The germ-free mice experiments have been the game changer in the mechanistic exploration. The antimicrobial usage alters the local gut flora and hence is associated with psychiatric side effects that strengthen the association further. The changes in the genetics of these bacteria with different types of diet and its correlation with neurotransmitters production capacity and the psyche of the individual are indeed an emerging field for schizophrenia research. Redressal of issues such as manufacturing, the shelf life of probiotics, and stability of probiotics in the gut milieu, in the presence of food, secretions, and exact volume needed for particular age group will help in refining the dose duration of probiotic therapy. Clinical trials are underway for evaluating safety and efficacy in schizophrenia. The gut microorganism transplant and pharmacovigilance of probiotics are important areas yet to be addressed accurately. This paper elucidates the pathways, clinical studies, availability of probiotics in the Indian market with their composition, regulatory issues in India about the probiotic use, and future of probiotic research in schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ANN model outperforms MLR model in predicting seed cotton yield with an RMSE of 6.63 g/plant and an R2 of 0.888. • Number of bolls per plant has the most significant impact on yield estimates, while 100 seed weight has the least impact. • Sensitivity analysis reveals the comprehensive effects of genotype-environment interactions on seed cotton yield. • The ANN model is less influenced by environmental factors than the MLR model, as indicated by R2 values. • The study contributes to the development of effective cotton breeding strategies. The prediction of seed cotton yield is a critical aspect of cotton breeding. In the present study, an artificial neural network (ANN) and a multiple linear regression (MLR) model were used to predict seed cotton yield based on experimental data obtained from quantitative traits measured under different environmental conditions, including number of bolls per plant (NB), boll weight (BW), 100 seed weight (SI), number of sympodia per plant (NS), lint index (LI), internode length (IL), and seed cotton yield per plant (SCY). The experimental data underwent ANOVA and correlation analysis across different environments. The selected features were utilized for ANN and MLR modeling. The results demonstrated that the ANN model provided precise predictions of SCY, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 6.63 g/plant and a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.888, which outperformed the MLR model, which showed an RMSE of 8.613 g/plant and an R2 of 0.816. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the number of bolls per plant had the most significant impact on yield estimates, while 100 seed weight had the least impact, as determined by both ANN and MLR models. Furthermore, the ANN model was less influenced by environmental factors than the MLR model, as indicated by R2 values. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of genotype-environment interaction effects on seed cotton yield and contributes to the development of effective cotton breeding strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP; C. pluricaulis) methanolic extract on Triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidaemia in rats. Methods: The study comprised of six groups namely normal control, experimental control and treatment groups (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of C. pluricaulis, and 65 mg/kg of Fenofibrate). Hyperlipidaemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR‐1339 400 mg/kg in rats. Parameters such as lipid profile, oxidative stress, histological analysis and atherogenic index were evaluated. The plant extract was further studied by HPLC and LCMS, for analyses of active phytochemicals. Key findings: The result of the study showed that C. pluricaulis significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL‐c, MDA levels and atherogenic index while the levels of HDL‐c and GSH were found to be raised. Plant extract at the dose of 400 mg had a consistent effect on all lipid profile parameters. Lower doses (100 and 200 mg) did not produce a statistically significant reduction in LDL‐c. In addition, the protective effect of C. pluricaulis was confirmed by histological analysis. Further, the findings of the study were found to be comparable with fenofibrate. Conclusions: Therefore, the present study suggests that C. pluricaulis has the potential for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Coupled SMAR model with EnKF to update root zone soil moisture for improving streamflow. • Study involves both synthetic and real data experiments. • SMOS and ASCAT soil moisture retrievals are used for assimilation. • Proposed approach enhances the assimilation efficiency for streamflow simulations. • Streamflow simulations are improved but only to a moderate level. Abstract The present study investigates the potential of coupled Soil Moisture Analytical Relationship (SMAR) and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) based surface soil moisture data assimilation for improving the streamflow simulations. For this purpose, synthetic and real data assimilation experiments were carried out using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model in two different sub-catchments lying in the Krishna River basin, India. Here, the satellite-based surface soil moisture estimates from Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) are used for assimilation. Results of the synthetic experiment show that the use of physically based SMAR scheme coupled with EnkF for updating profile soil moisture has better ability to improve the surface flow, groundwater flow and consequently streamflow over the covariance-based updates using EnKF only. Likewise, the real data assimilation experiment also shows SMAR-EnKF assimilation strategy performs better than the EnKF only updates for simulating streamflow. However, in both the synthetic as well as real data experiment, the improvements are only moderate. This restricted success in improving streamflow simulations indicate that updating only the soil moisture through any updating scheme adopted here is not sufficient to reduce the effect of the errors in model forcing on subsequent simulation days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicine is a forever-evolving science and commands continuous research. Pharmacologists and pharmacists contribute various amounts of medicine-related information to physicians, while clinicians face challenges in evidence-based medicine practice due to several reasons such as overloaded number of drug approvals, as well as the enormous quantity of scientific research data in medical journals published every day, making it more complicated for doctors to stay updated with the current advancements. This in addition, results in the call for more sophisticated crisis-targeting skills in order to respond to the more complex clinical difficulties that brazen out practitioners today. The drug information center (DIC) service run by Department of Pharmacology is the bridge between doctors by providing accurate, unbiased, up-to-date drug information for better patient care. Novel initiatives, such as antibiotic stewardship programs, therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacovigilance, and materiovigilance are being considered by Department of Pharmacology. On a similar note, DIC activities have a huge potential to fit in as an integral part of pharmacology curriculum. Undergraduate, postgraduate, and superspeciality pharmacology curricula are deficient in formal teaching of evidence-based medicine. Western countries have been running variety of courses on drug information like residencies, fellowships for the training of pharmacy, pharmacology postgraduate students for last four decades. This is the need of the hour for a country like India to inculcate such practices for promoting rational use of drugs. This review will highlight how pharmacology and pharmacy curricula can be upgraded so as to contribute for improvement of rational therapeutics in the era where alternative medicines are also considered by patients in disease management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the study of bi-univalent functions have gathered momentum mainly due to the pioneering work of Srivastava et al. [19], which has actually revived the study of the coefficient problems involving bi-univalent functions. With motivation from the work of Srivastava et al. [19], in the present paper we introduce a new subclass TS [f ] of the function class S of bi-univalent functions defined in the open unit disk U = {z ? C : |z| < 1}. Further, for the functions in this subclass TS [f ] we obtain bounds on |a2|, |a3| and |a4|. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study carried out using EnKF based assimilation of coarser-scale SMOS soil moisture retrievals to improve the streamflow simulations and forecasting performance of SWAT model in a large catchment. This study has been carried out in Munneru river catchment, India, which is about 10,156 km 2 . In this study, an EnkF based new approach is proposed for improving the inherent vertical coupling of soil layers of SWAT hydrological model during soil moisture data assimilation. Evaluation of the vertical error correlation obtained between surface and subsurface layers indicates that the vertical coupling can be improved significantly using ensemble of soil storages compared to the traditional static soil storages based EnKF approach. However, the improvements in the simulated streamflow are moderate, which is due to the limitations in SWAT model in reflecting the profile soil moisture updates in surface runoff computations. Further, it is observed that the durability of streamflow improvements is longer when the assimilation system effectively updates the subsurface flow component. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that the passive microwave-based coarser-scale soil moisture products like SMOS hold significant potential to improve the streamflow estimates when assimilating into large-scale distributed hydrological models operating at a daily time step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the relative effects of different dosages of sodium-glucose cotransport inhibitors (SGLT2i) for renoprotection in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study searched different databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for studies comparing dose-dependent renoprotective efficacy defined as a decline in eGFR with the different "-flozins namely Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Ertugliflozin, Ipragliflozin, Luseogliflozin, Remogliflozin and Sotagliflozin. The studies were compared with the Bayesian approach of network meta-analysis coupled with the random-effect model using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0), and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) score was allotted to each dosage of different SGLT-2i. Results: A total of 43,434 citations were identified, out of which forty-five randomized trials with 48,067 patients, mentioning the flozin dose and eGFR as an endpoint, were found to be eligible for further analysis. The median duration of the follow-up in the trials was 12 months (IQR 5.5–16 months). Canagliflozin 100 mg demonstrated distinct eGFR benefit with an odds ratio of 2.3 (CI 0.72–3.9) compared to placebo. A statistically non-significant eGFR benefit was observed with all other "-flozins." Canagliflozin 100 mg drug dose category showed the highest sucra rank probability score of 93%, followed by the Canagliflozin 300 mg and Dapagliflozin 5 mg with sucra rank probability scores of 69% and 65%, respectively. The Flozin-dose assessment against eGFR was similar to the albumin-creatinine ratios as the secondary endpoint in the SUCRA ranking. Conclusion: The renoprotective efficacy of SGLT2i is independent of the incremental doses suggesting lower doses may suffice for renal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a relapsing and remitting disease that may be associated with flares. The causes of flares in the Indian setting are not well recognized. Methods: The present prospective case-control study was conducted at a single center in North India. Cases were defined as patients admitted for flare of ulcerative colitis, while controls were patients in remission enrolled from the outpatient department. The basis of the diagnosis of flare was a simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI) of ≥ 5 and endoscopic activity, while remission was based on SCCAI < 4 and a normal fecal calprotectin. A questionnaire evaluating recent infections, stress, drug intake (antibiotics, pain medication), adherence to therapy, and use of complementary and alternative therapy (CAM) was administered. Results: We included 84 patients (51 with flare and 33 in remission) with a median age of 38 years, of whom 47 (55.9%) were males. The two groups were similar for baseline parameters, including age (38, 23–50 and 38, 25.5–48.5 years), male gender (52.9% and 60.6%), extent of disease, extraintestinal manifestations (21.6% and 12.1%), use of 5-aminosalicylates (76.5% and 90.9%). The thiopurine use was lower in those having a flare (15.7% and 36.4%). Amongst the predictors of flare, the recent infections (39.2% and 30.3%), recent travel (31.4 and 27.3%), eating outside food (47.1% and 39.4%), consumption of milk products (88.2% and 75.8%), use of pain medication (43.1% and 33.3%) and recent stress (62.7% and 60.6%) were similar between cases and controls. The rates of antibiotic use (29.4% and 6.1%), lack of adherence (50.9% and 15.2%), and intake of CAM (70.6% and 33.3%) were higher in those with flare. Patients attributed a lack of adherence to the cost of therapy, presumed cure (due to lack of symptoms), and fear of adverse effects. Conclusion: Lack of adherence to inflammatory bowel disease therapies and recent CAM and antibiotic intake was higher in patients with flares of UC. The study makes ground for educational intervention(s) promoting knowledge and adherence to IBD therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid method for the synthesis of organic azides was achieved by employing azide acceptors such as halides, epoxides and pseudohalides like diazonium salts and aryl boronic acids in hydrotropic media. In extension, the sequential multicomponent reaction of epoxides, azide and alkynes using copper catalysis has been discussed. The reaction proceeds via the in situ generation of azido-alcohol followed by synthesis of chiral β-hydroxytriazoles. This [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of azide and alkyne using copper catalysis serves as a green and efficient protocol in 'Click Chemistry'. The nucleophilic addition of azide to epoxide and alkyne-azide cycloaddition is the two simultaneous regioselective click reactions observed in the proposed method. Graphical Abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out with thirteen turmeric genotypes of Northeast India to evaluate dry matter content, essential oil, fatty oil, curcumin content and effect of particle sizes on the colour intensity as well as solubility in different solvent systems. Significant variation in moisture content among thirteen genotypes was observed on the fresh weight basis of turmeric rhizomes. The observed data varied from 70.84 to 86.01.In respect of curcumin content, all the thirteen cultivars showed significant variation. The value ranged from .0930 to .0.9125 with an average of 0.5952 percent. The observed data of essential oil varied from 1.00 to 7.23 percent with an average of 3.88 percent. Significant variations in fatty oil percentage were found in all the thirteen cultivars. Effect of different particle sizes on solubility of the cultivars in different solvents in terms of absorbance at 425nm also found to vary among the cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a commentary on the translabyrinthine surgical approach for treating giant vestibular schwannoma. Topics include the benefits of the surgical procedure includes the preservation of facial nerve functions and eliminates the need for cerebellar retraction, and offers the view of the author on the possible complications that the surgical approach to the patient. Additional comments from the author includes the importance of endoscope in locating cranial nerves during surgery.

Among the numerous label free electronic biomarker assay methodologies now available, impedance based electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy (ECS), based upon mapping the perturbations in interfacial charging of redox elements incorporated into a biologically receptive interface, has recently been shown to be a convenient and highly sensitive mode of transduction and one which, additionally, requires no predoping of analytical solution. We present, herein, a data acquisition and analysis methodology based on frequency resolved immittance function analysis. Ultimately, this enables both a maximization of assay sensitivity and a reduction in assay acquisition time by an order of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: When a drug is used in a way that is different from that described in regulatory body approved drug label, it is said to be 'off label use'. Perioperative phase is sensitive from the point of view of patient safety and off-label drug use in this setup can prove to be hazardous to patient. Hence, it was planned to assess the pattern of drug utilisation and off-label use of perioperative medication during anaesthesia. Methods: Preoperatively, demographic details and adverse events check list were filled from a total of 400 patients from general surgery, paediatric surgery and orthopaedics departments scheduled to undergo surgery. The perioperative assessment form was assessed to record all prescriptions followed by refilling of adverse events checklist in case record form. World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators were used for analysis of drug utilisation data. National Formulary of India 2011 was used as reference material to decide off-label drug use in majority instances along with package insert. Results: A total of 3705 drugs were prescribed to the 400 participants and average number of drugs per patient was 9.26 ± 3.33. Prescriptions by generic name were 68.07% whereas 85.3% drugs were prescribed from hospital schedule. Off-label drugs overall formed 20.19% of the drugs prescribed. At least one off-label drug was prescribed to 82.5% of patients. Inappropriate dose was the most common form of off-label use. There was 1.6 times greater risk of occurrence of adverse events associated with the use of off-label drugs. Conclusion: Prescription indicators were WHO compliant. Off-label drug use was practiced in anaesthesia department with questionable clinical justification in some instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Background of compounds containing rare earth elements is addressed. • Various methods for synthesizing rare earth metal oxides have been discussed. • Compounds containing rare earth elements are emphasised for their applications. • The future prospects of rare earth minerals elements and their metal oxides are explored. Rare earth elements have seen a rise in demand in recent years due to their distinctive properties and diverse applications. Rare earth-based nanomaterials can be synthesized using techniques such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, electrode position, and atomic layer deposition methods. REMOSs nanoparticles have found use in trace gas sensors, batteries, magnetic storage devices, photovoltaic cells, catalysts, energy conversion, engineering, medicines, food, agriculture, cosmetics, textiles, and antennas. This review elaborates the various synthetic pathways, applications and future prospects of rare earth metal oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impedance derived electroanalytical assays are inherently spectroscopic (frequency resolved) and potentially exceedingly sensitive indicators of interfacial change (such as target binding at an appropriate receptor). We introduce here the use of a portfolio of mathematically derived immittance functions and related components, capable, from the same raw data sets, of enabling increased assay sensitivity and markedly shorter assay times in comparison to traditional impedance analyses. The methodology, applied herein to faradaic (redox probe amplified) and non-faradaic assays, requires no equivalent circuit analysis or prior assumption of response. Its focus is to optimize analytical potency and to enable the user to select and apply the most frequency-optimized reporter of interfacial change and to, thereafter, run rapid (optimized) analyses at single frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the view of enhancing the functionality of label-free single molecule nanopore-based detection, we have designed and developed a highly robust, mechanically stable, integrated nanopipette-microfluidic device which combines the recognized advantages of microfluidic systems and the unique properties/advantages of nanopipettes. Unlike more typical planar solid-state nanopores, which have inherent geometrical constraints, nanopipettes can be easily positioned at any point within a microfluidic channel. This is highly advantageous, especially when taking into account fluid flow properties. We show that we are able to detect and discriminate between DNA molecules of varying lengths when motivated through a microfluidic channel, upon the application of appropriate voltage bias across the nanopipette. The effects of applied voltage and volumetric flow rates have been studied to ascertain translocation event frequency and capture rate. Additionally, by exploiting the advantages associated with microfluidic systems (such as flow control and concomitant control over analyte concentration/presence), we show that the technology offers a new opportunity for single molecule detection and recognition in microfluidic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of NaCI salinity on the growth and mineral nutrition of one month old Prosopis juliflora seedlings was studied with the help of sand culture experiment. The seedlings were treated with 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCI concentrations, respectively. It was found that there was stimulation in plant growth at low concentrations of salt, while at higher concentrations it was hampered causing a marked decrease in the fresh (60%) and dry weight (80%). The level of sodium, chloride and calcium was found to increase in the roots as well as leaves with increasing levels of salinity in the rooting medium. The level of potassium and phosphorus however, was found to decrease in the leaves and roots of seedlings grown under NaCI stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is reviewed as a function of genetic and epigenetic factors. The growth centers around the differential spatial concentration of the chondrocytes, influence of growth factors like TGF-β and heterogeneity in the number of IGF receptors, control the action of IGF. Besides these factors, growth of the mandibular condyle is influenced by differential response of chondrocytes as a function of their source/ageing, which in turn is regulated by TGF-β, BMPs and IGFs. While IGF-1 promotes proteoglycan synthesis and survival of the chondrocytes to maintain cartilage homeostasis, TGF-β synergistically catalysed the effect of IGF-1, while BMPs catalysed proteolysis as and when physiologically needed. To understand these processes, role of IGF-1 and its six receptors is at the center to a number of physiological processes being regulated by its mode of application for the growth and differentiation. Probing deeper, biological functions of IGFs seemed to depend on their level of free status rather than bound status to respective IGF-binding proteins (IGF-BPs), considered prerequisite to modulate their biological functions. Genetic regulation of their secretion has thrown light on their insulin-like structural homology, level and response in osteo-arthritis (OA), rheumatic arthritis (RA) and diabetes type-II. Biochemistry and spatial distribution of IGF receptors in different domains exerts control on IGF-1 activities. In ultimate analysis, IGF-axis conserved during the evolution to regulate cell growth and proliferation affect nearly every organ in the body as judged from the techniques determining skeletal maturity and decision making dependent on it for orthodontic, orthognathic/orthopedic and dental implant applications. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1796-1804, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In coupling the redox state of an adsorbed molecule to its spectral characteristics redox profiles can be directly imaged by means of far-field fluorescence. At suitable levels of dilution, on optically transparent electrode surfaces, reversible interfacial electron transfer processes can be followed pixel by pixel down to scales which approach the molecular. In mapping out switching potentials across a surface population, thermodynamic dispersion, related to variance in the orientation, electronic coupling, protein fold, electric field drop, and general surface order, can be quantified. The self-assembled monolayer buffering the protein from the underlying metallic electrode surface not only acts to tune electronic coupling between the two but also potentially provides a variable more easily segmented from other contributions to molecular dispersion. We have, specifically, considered the possibility that the supporting monolayer crystallinity is a significant contributor to the subsequently observed spread in half-wave potentials. We report here that this is indeed the case and that this spread diminishes from 17 to 12 mV for the blue copper protein azurin as the supporting alkanethiol layer crystallinity increases. The work herein, then, presents not only a direct determination of submonolayer scale variance in redox character but also a means of tuning this through gross surface and entirely standard chemical means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient method for the synthesis of thiazoles by treatment of α-bromoketones with thioamides (Hantzsch synthesis) in the absence of catalysts under microwave irradiation has been developed. The products were formed rapidly in excellent yields. An efficiency comparison of time, yield, and effort clearly proved the microwave technique to be superior. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds were tested for their biological activity. Depending on the substituents, some of the thiazoles exhibit very good antibacterial or antifungal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the finding of an experimental study to measure the detector paralysis factor and the use of this parameter in conjunction with detector dead time to better model detector dead-time response. The idealized one-parameter models, the paralyzable and nonparalyzable models, are inadequate to properly model the dead-time response of any real detector system. To address this deficiency, a more realistic two-parameter model is proposed that incorporates the paralysis factor of the detector in addition to the dead time. The revised two-parameter-based model is an extension of Lee and Gardner's two-dead-time model. A simple scheme is proposed to deduce these parameters from the recorded data based on the rise and drop of count rates from a decaying source. Measurements were made using 56Mn and 52V. The data collected in this study show that a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector has a paralysis factor of ~50 to 77% and a dead time of 6 to 10 µS. Using the data collected by Lee and Gardner, the paralysis factor for a Geiger-Mueller (GM) counter is estimated to be ~5%. These results are consistent with the approximating assumption that GM counters are nonparalyzing and HPGe detectors are paralyzing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The decay of 124Sb (60d half-life) to levels of 124Te has been studied using two HPGe detectors in singles and coincidence mode. We identify 75 transitions in this decay, including 14 gamma rays, the emission of which are being reported here for the first time. In confirming the existence of 26 well-established levels below 2900keV excitation, we also introduce 5 other levels at 2490.5, 2618.4, 2747.05, 2834.99, and 2859.4keV. The data on energies of gamma transitions and the levels are reported at high precision. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the present study, out of the total 200 MNM participants, WHO and GOI criteria missed the MNM diagnosis in 34 (16.5%) and 33 women respectively. Thus, GOI MNM criteria need to be amended for reconsideration of dialysis during pregnancy as a direct MNM criteria (Squires [21]). The comparison and validation of this newly formulated GOI MNM criteria with the WHO MNM criteria have not yet been evaluated. [Extracted from the article]

Background & Aims: Colonoscopy has a vital role in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as in the estimation of disease severity, monitoring response to therapy, and surveillance for neoplasia. We performed a systematic review of randomised trials of various bowel preparations for colonoscopy in IBD. Methods: We searched various electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL) for studies reporting about the use of various strategies to improve colonoscopy preparation in IBD. We included only randomized clinical trials (RCTs). A network meta-analysis was done using a frequentist approach to compare the effectiveness of various bowel preparations. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0. Other outcome parameters like compliance, tolerance, acceptance, and adverse effects were assessed qualitatively. Results: Seven RCTs reporting about 960 patients were included. On comparison with 4 liter (L) of poliethylen glycol (PEG), oral sulfate solution (OR=1.1, 95%CI: 0.65-1.86); PEG2L/Ascorbate (OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.65- 1.48); PEG1L (OR=1, 95%CI: 0.55-1.81); PEG2L plus bisacodyl (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 0.71-1.65); PEG4L plus simethicone (OR=1, 95%CI: 0.67-1.50); PEG/ sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate (SPMC) 1.5L (OR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.55-1.78); SPMC 2L (OR=1.09, 95%CI: 0.61-1.97) had similar effectiveness. Three RCTs reported compliance, five RCTs reported tolerance, two studies reported patient acceptance and five RCTs reported data on the willingness of patients to repeat the procedure in the future. Low-volume preparations had better compliance, tolerance, acceptance, and willingness to repeat. No difference in additional outcomes like change in disease activity after colonoscopy, procedure-related outcomes after colonoscopy like cecal intubation rate, and change in electrolyte levels were found. Conclusion: Various bowel preparations had similar effectiveness in respect to colonoscopy preparation in IBD patients. Low-volume preparations have better compliance, tolerance, and acceptance. The systematic review was limited by a small number of included RCTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Empirical use of pharmacogenetic test(PGT) is advocated for many drugs, and resource-rich setting hospitals are using the same commonly. The clinical translation of pharmacogenetic tests in terms of cost and clinical utility is yet to be examined in hospitals of low middle income countries (LMICs). Aim: The present study assessed the clinical utility of PGT by comparing the pharmacogenetically(PGT) guided- versus standard of care(SOC)- warfarin therapy, including the health economics of the two warfarin therapies. Methods: An open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial recruited warfarin-receiving patients in pharmacogenetically(PGT) guided- versus standard of care(SOC)- study arms. Pharmacogenetic analysis of CYP2C9*2(rs1799853), CYP2C9*3(rs1057910) and VKORC1(rs9923231) was performed for patients recruited to the PGT-guided arm. PT(Prothrombin Time)-INR(international normalized ratio) testing and dose titrations were allowed as per routine clinical practice. The primary endpoint was the percent time spent in the therapeutic INR range(TTR) during the 90-day observation period. Secondary endpoints were time to reach therapeutic INR(TRT), the proportion of adverse events, and economic comparison between two modes of therapy in a Markov model built for the commonest warfarin indication- atrial fibrillation. Results: The study enrolled 168 patients, 84 in each arm. Per-protocol analysis showed a significantly high median time spent in therapeutic INR in the genotype-guided arm(42.85%; CI 21.4-66.75) as compared to the SOC arm(8.8%; CI 0-27.2)(p < 0.00001). The TRT was less in the PG-guided warfarin dosing group than the standard-of-care dosing warfarin group (17.85 vs. 33.92 days) (p = 0.002). Bleeding and thromboembolic events were similar in the two study groups. Lifetime expenditure was ₹1,26,830 in the PGT arm compared to ₹1,17,907 in the SOC arm. The QALY gain did not differ in the two groups(3.9 vs. 3.65). Compared to SOC, the incremental cost-utility ratio was ₹35,962 per QALY gain with PGT test opting. In deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the base case results were found to be insensitive to the variation in model parameters. In the cost-effectiveness-acceptability curve analysis, a 90% probability of cost-effectiveness was reached at a willingness-to-pay(WTP) of ₹ 71,630 well below one time GDP threshold of WTP used. Conclusion: Clinical efficacy and the cost-effectiveness of the warfarin pharmacogenetic test suggest its routine use as a point of care investigation for patient care in LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses need to take stock of Indian regulatory guidelines regarding drug use in pregnancy and lactation. It mentions that in 2018, valproate was expelled from the first‑line antiepileptic category in Great Britain for pregnant and childbearing age group and reserved for resistant cases only. It reveals that controversial opinions exist on the use of valproate in pregnancy.

Aims: To study anti-ulcer effect of Amlodipine and compared it with ranitidine in indomethacin, alcohol and pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers in wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Gastric ulcers were induced in Wistar albino rats by oral administration of indomethacin (200 mg/kg), alcohol (80%, 1 ml/100 gm) and by pyloric ligation. Antiulcer activity of amlodipine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was observed either alone or in combination with ranitidine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), on ulcer index, gastric pH and gastric volume. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and unpaired one tailed 't' test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Amlodipine produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in ulcer index and gastric pH as compared to control. It also produced significant (P<0.05) increase in gastric volume as compared to ranitidine. The anti-ulcer effects of ranitidine were significantly higher than that of amlodipine. Combination of amlodipine and ranitidine did not show significant increase in anti-ulcer activity as compared with ranitidine alone. Conclusions: Amlodipine produced significant anti-ulcer effects in all 3 experimental models. Amlodipine increased the volume of gastric secretions as compared to ranitidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is an interferon induced host restriction factor for HIV-1 that blocks the release of nascent virions from infected T cells. We aimed to characterize BST2 gene variants in HIV-1 positive individuals in Indian cohort and study the association of these variants with disease progression in long term non progressors (LTNPs) and progressors. Archived samples of 32 LTNPs, 17 progressors, and 78 controls were screened for BST2 gene polymorphisms using Sanger's sequencing method. Frequency distribution, survival analysis and bioinformatics tools were used to study the association of BST2 variants with disease progression. Eighteen variants of BST2 gene were observed in Indian cohort. Intronic SNP rs919267T/C (OR = 4.489 [0.8494–27.03], p =.04157) and exonic SNP rs13485C/G (OR = 3.887 [0.8262–25.56], p =.0488) were found to be significantly associated with disease progression. Also, rs13485C/C genotype in combination with rs919267C/T (OR = 9.406 [1.384–111], p =.0085) and rs145303329 Δ19bp (OR = 3.887 [0.826–25.5], p =.048) were found to be significantly associated with disease progression. 19 bp indel rs145303329 and its allele c.1-443_1–442insCGCCCCCAGAC[C/T]CAGGCCC from BST2 promoter also showed association with disease progression (OR = 12.97 [0.9731–850.5], p =.026). Docking of AP2 repressor with above allele showed the total binding energy of LTNPs and progressors to be −2581.42 kcal/mol and −3563.27/−3562.84 kcal/mol respectively. We have identified the novel association of three BST2 gene SNPs; rs919267, rs13485 and indel rs145303329 from Indian cohort to be associated with the risk of HIV-1 disease progression for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was done to assess the utilization patterns of antiparasitic drugs among dairy owners and their perceptions regarding resistance development. A total of 160 dairy farmers, consisting of 80 Small Dairy Farmers (SDF) and 80 Large Dairy Farmers (LDF) were selected for the study from 8 different districts of 2 states of India (Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh). A pre-tested structured interview schedule was used for collecting data. In the study area, the majority of the dairy farmers were middle-aged males, middle-level educated and had a moderate level of experience in dairy farming. All the farmers were observed utilizing chemical antiparasitic drugs for managing parasitic infestations in dairy animals. Regarding parasite control, SDF relied on para-veterinarians, while LDF preferred self-treatment for their dairy animals. A primary source for acquiring antiparasitic drugs was pharmacy stores with and without a prescription from qualified animal health care service providers. It was found that approximately one-third of the farmers did not refer to drug labels for dose calculation. However, dairy farmers primarily relied on visual observation of animal body weight to calculate antiparasitic drug doses. The majority of the farmers stored antiparasitic drugs in their dairy farms. Moreover, the farmers expressed an average perception towards the antiparasitic resistance development. Among the various socio-economic factors, education and training were found the strongest predictors that made the highest changes in perception. The overall findings indicate that farmers were neither well-versed in the scientific practices related to the usage of antiparasitic drugs nor familiar with resistance issues. Despite this, they were continuing to acquire and administer drugs without seeking advice from the qualified veterinarians. Consequently, indiscriminate use of antiparasitic drugs in livestock sector has the potential to contribute to the emergence of resistance. It is imperative to create awareness among farmers about the importance of rational use of drugs to mitigate the risk of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug Information Center (DIC) with on-call evidence-based medicine service can revolutionize health-care practice and also can play a major role in health-care delivery in both developed and developing countries. Objective: To assess the feedback received from hospital clinicians for the newly initiated DIC services in a tertiary care hospital of North India. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted between January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. The clinicians approached DIC for specific pharmacotherapeutic questions for managing an index patient. After providing consultation, DIC followed up with them for the action taken and feedback on the consultation. The results of the data analyzed using Fisher Exact test and descriptive statistics. Results: Of 264 encounters, more than 98% of clinicians found the service satisfactory. There was a statistically significant association between the timely answer provided to treating physicians and their level of satisfaction with the service (P <.05). There was no significant association between academic experiences and the satisfaction or dissatisfaction among the clinical fraternity colleagues. The interpretation ability of on-call pharmacology postgraduate students was a significantly associated factor with clinician's satisfaction level (P <.05). More than 96% of clinicians followed the pharmacotherapy advice recommended by DIC in their patient management. Conclusion: Thorough evaluation of published research needs to be taught to budding pharmacologists, pharmacists in their curriculum for an effective DIC service. DIC service has the potential to minimize the barrier of evidence-based medicine practice in developing as well as developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 35-year-old patient presented with history of fatigue, loss of weight and appetite. The case mentions that patient was diagnosed with bilateral adrenal tuberculosis based on results of contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography, positron emission tomography and endoscopic ultrasound. The case also mentions that differential diagnosis of bilateral enlarged adrenal glands includes infections such as tuberculosis, histoplasmosis and neoplastic masses.

The spatial and temporal distribution of soil water is a key constituent for the coupled moisture processes between the land surface and the atmospheric boundary layer. The scales of soil moisture observations and simulations with land-surface models are typically mismatching with respect to spatial support. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) offers a competitive method to observe soil moisture at the spatial scales of modern LSMs as typically used in local area climate and atmospheric models. In our study, we investigate how the assimilation of CRNS observations helps to improve the spatial structures of soil moisture in these models and the local soil moisture – atmospheric boundary layer interaction. The modeling chain consists of Noah-MP LSM, the WRF-Hydro model in both, observation driven and fully WRF coupled configuration, and the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) coupled to WRF-Hydro (Hydro-DART). The data assimilation is based on Ensemble-Kalman Fitler (EnKF) with the fully coupled WRF-Hydro-Dart model system.Extensive observations from the Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO, www.tereno.net), will be used along with data from MOSES (Helmholtz Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Science https://moses.eskp.de/), and with data from the DFG research unit Cosmic Sense. We present the structure and a first evaluation of the model system for the Ammer river catchment in southern Germany based on observations from the TERENO preAlpine network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic birth experience is an unaddressed arena, especially in Asian women, with several societal stigmas lingering around. Aim: A study was undertaken to simultaneously assess the post-partum mental and physical health follow-up of maternal near-miss (MNM) women and compare it with women of uneventful deliveries. Materials and Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 88 MNM women (case cohort) and 80 women with an uneventful peri-partum period (control cohort) at the same time. The participants were followed up with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS), PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (PLC-C), and a 36-item short-form-survey form over 6 months after the delivery. Results: The case group had higher mean EPDS and PLC-C scores, with poor quality of life (QOL) performance, compared to the control group at 6 weeks and 3 months, and 6 months follow-up (P < 0.05). At the sixth-week follow-up visit, the study observed that 28 (31.8%) women from the case group required a psychiatry consultation compared to the control group with only two (2.5%) participants (P < 0.001). At 3 months, an evident difference was noted on various QOL parameters, such as limitations due to physical health and emotional problems, energy fatigue, general health, and health change parameters between the two groups (P < 0.05). The difference persisted at 6-month follow-up as well for limitations due to physical health, energy fatigue, and general health parameters only (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is an urgent need for a multi-departmental collaborative approach at the hospital level and policy-making decisions at higher levels for the mental health of Asian women facing MNM events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]