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Introduction: Given the new ideas on wound care offered by the eCASH (early Comfort using Analgesia, minimal Sedatives, and maximal Humane care) and the substantial differences in clinical treatment between acute and chronic wounds, we aimed to investigate the effect of comfort therapy under the eCASH concept on analgesic sedation and accelerated wound healing in patients with acute or chronic wounds. Methods: This randomized clinical study was conducted in two parts: acute wounds and chronic wounds. Patients with acute wounds were allocated into the acute wound control group (AWCG) and the acute wound experimental group (AWEG). Patients with chronic wounds were allocated into the chronic wound control group (CWCG) and two experimental groups, in which they received intermittent negative pressure therapy (IPTEG) and continuous negative pressure therapy (CPTEG). On the basis of the standard treatment for patients in the control group, eCASH therapy was used in the experimental groups. In addition, pain intensity and procedural anxiety were evaluated using the visual analogue score (VAS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). In addition, clinical effects were assessed on the basis of the size of the surface area, rate of healing, and concentration of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and growth factors (VEGF, bFGF, TGF-β1). Results: Compared with the control group, the VAS score and HAM-A score in the experimental groups were significantly decreased after intervention (P < 0.05). After intervention, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in AWEG, IPTEG, and CPTEG were significantly lower than those in AWCG. In addition, the levels of VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-β1 in IPTEG and CPTEG were significantly higher than those in CWCG (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that comfort therapy under the eCASH concept has a significant effect on ameliorating the pain and anxiety of patients, reducing the inflammatory reaction during the period of wound healing in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. Clinical Trial Registry: The trial has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200057981). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A triple modular redundancy SRAM was designed as the embedded high-speed memory for a radiation-tolerant ARM processor with ST Microelectronics 28-nm FDSOI technology. The single event upset (SEU) cross-section of the SRAM was tested by using heavy ions with the linear energy transfer of 15.0 meV.cm2.mg−1 in both non-TMR and TMR modes with different accumulated fluence. The SRAM cell was also simulated by using Cogenda TCAD simulation suite and the cross section was calculated by using analytic method. The results showed the cross-section is around 2E-10 cm2/bit in non-TMR mode, and in TMR mode it varied from one to several orders lower than the non-TMR mode according to the specific accumulated fluence. As a scrubbing circuit was designed to reduce the accumulated number of SEUs in the SRAM, the Failure In Time (FIT) rate at sea level in New York City could be as low as 8E-11, which is robust enough for the whole circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of MnS/Co 3 S 4 ErGO/GCE and schematic diagram of its electrochemical response to DA. This protocol used a two-step ion exchange method to prepare MnS/Co 3 S 4 heterostructures, with self-made cobalt chloride bicarbonate (CO (CO 3) 0.35 C 0.20 (OH) 1.10) as the precursor, sodium disulfide monohydrate as the sulfur source, and manganese chloride as the manganese source. The obtained MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ErGO was modified on a glassy carbon electrode, exhibiting electrochemically ultrasensitive ability for the redox reaction of DA determination at nanomolar concentration. [Display omitted] • An ultrasensitive DA determination sensor at nanomolar level is presented. • High selectivity, selective and good reproducibility of the sensor is obtained. • Good linear concentration ranges of DA with low LOD (2.0 nM) is observed. • The sensor is successfully applied to the detection of DA in real samples. An ultrasensitive and selective electrochemical sensor has been constructed for the quantitative assay of dopamine (DA) based on hollow tubular manganese-cobalt sulfide (MnS/Co 3 S 4) hybrids embedded on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO). The MnS/Co 3 S 4 heterostructures were created by two-step ion exchange method, of which Co 9 S 8 with hollow tubular structures was fabricated by solvothermal method using the self-made cobalt chloride carbonate hydroxide (CO(CO 3) 0.35 Cl 0.20 (OH) 1.10) as precursor and sodium disulfide monohydrate as sulfur source and manganese chloride as manganese source. The MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ErGO/GCE could exhibit strong catalytic ability for the redox reaction of DA. Under the optimal conditions, the developed sensor exhibits a wide linear response for DA ranging from 6.0 nM to 20.0 μM by second-order derivative linear sweep voltammetry (SDLSV), with a detection limit of 2.0 nM. In addition, the developed method exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity, good reproducibility and low-cost. It is a very promising analytical method for the determination of DA in pharmaceutical and biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bismuth oxide-carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube/glassy carbon electrode (Bi 2 O 3 -CMWCNTs/GCE) was prepared for the detection of the flavonoid drug baicalein. The Bi 2 O 3 was grown on the surface of CMWCNTs by in-situ synthesis, and a simple, and efficient Bi 2 O 3 -CMWCNTs composite was prepared. The materials were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. CV and EIS techniques were used to study the electrochemical sensing performance of the composite electrode surface. The electrochemical performance and optimal detection conditions of baicalein on Bi 2 O 3 -CMWCNTs/GCE were investigated by LSV. The oxidation peak current of baicalein has a linear relationship with its concentration in the range of 0.01–15 μmol·L−1, with a detection limit of 2.0 nmol·L−1. The method is both stable and effective, and was successfully used for determination of baicalein in human urine and the Chinese herb Oroxylum indicum. It shows that the in situ synthesized materials have more stable characteristics, and have promising applications in the detection of flavonoid drugs. [Display omitted] • A novel sensor Bi 2 O 3 -CMWCNTs/GCE was prepared which for the stable determination of baicalein. • High selectivity, repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor were obtained. • Good linear concentration ranges of baicalein with low LOD (2.0 nM) were observed. • The sensor was successfully applied to the detection of baicalein in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scheme of MnS/Co3S4-ERGO preparation and detection of acetaminophen (AC). This protocol describes the preparation of manganese nanotubular MnS/Co 3 S 4 by a hydrothermal method and their combination with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) to obtain MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ERGO nanocomposites. The composite suspension was then modified onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the resulting MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ERGO was successfully used for the ultrasensitive detection of AC. [Display omitted] • Hollow tubular MnS/Co 3 S 4 hybrids electrode material was prepared via hydrothermal method. • MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ERGO were used to construct electrochemcal sensor for acetaminophen (AC) detection. • The linear range (0.01–20 μM and 20–80 μM) and LOD (6.0 nM) for AC detection were achieved. • The sensor was used for the ultrasensitive determination of AC in commercial tablets and human serum samples. In this work, hollow tubular manganese-cobalt sulfide (MnS/Co 3 S 4) hybrids were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and anchored on graphene oxide (GO) by simple ultrasonic dispersion. The nanocomposites were modified onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface by a drop-coating method. After potentiostatic reduction, GO was converted into electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO), and a sensitive sensor, denoted as MnS/Co3S4-electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode (MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ERGO/GCE), was constructed for acetaminophen (AC) detection. The electrochemical sensing performance of MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ERGO/GCE was evaluated in detail. The experimental results show that MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ERGO/GCE has excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of AC. The kinetic process for the electrooxidation of AC on the MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ERGO/GCE was studied and the measurement parameters optimized. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current is linear with the concentration of AC in the range of 0.01–20 μM and 20–80 μM, with a detection limit of 6.0 nM. Based on the high sensitivity and excellent selectivity of MnS/Co 3 S 4 -ERGO/GCE, the method has been applied for the determination of AC in commercial tablets and human serum samples, with satisfactory recoveries of 98.8%–101.5% and 98.6%–102.8%, indicating high accuracy of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending on the type of diseases and immune responses required, adjuvants with different design strategies are developed. With aluminum salt-based adjuvants as the most used ones in commercial vaccines, other limited adjuvants, e.g. , AS01, AS03, AS04, CpG ODN, and MF59, are used in FDA-approved vaccines for human use. In this paper, we review the uses of different adjuvants in vaccines including the ones used in FDA-approved vaccines and vaccines under clinical investigations. We discuss how adjuvants with different formulations could affect the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune response for optimized protection against specific pathogens. We emphasize the molecular mechanisms of various adjuvants, with the aim to establish structure-activity relationships (SARs) for designing more effective and safer adjuvants for both preventative and therapeutic vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-022-00852-5. B Correction to: Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) (2023) 13:299-314 b https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-022-00852-5 The authors would like to emphasize that Minlie Yang is the corresponding author and Lihong Zhu is the co-corresponding author. [Extracted from the article]

The propagation induced pulse broadening (PIPB) effect of the SET pulses in 65nm bulk inverter chains is characterized and discussed generated by the heavy ion microbeam. An odd-even separated layout placement strategy is implemented in the test chip to improve the resolution of the broadened width measurement. The experiment results show that bigger transistor size is able to inhibit the PIPB effect better, but the well structure and layout topology show insignificant influence on the PIPB effect of the SET pulses generated by the low LET heavy ions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Scheme of CoNi(OH) x /CeO 2 /COOH-MWCNTs preparation and detection of bile acids. This protocol describes CoNi(OH) x /CeO 2 nanomaterials that were synthesized in situ by a two-step reflux method with cobalt-containing metal–organic framework (ZIF-67) as precursor, and ultrasonically combined with MWCNTs-COOH. The composite suspension was then modified onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the resulting CoNi(OH) x /CeO 2 /COOH-MWCNTs was successfully used for the ultrasensitive detection of bile acids. [Display omitted] • CoNi(OH) x /CeO 2 nanomaterials were synthesized in situ by a two-step reflux method with cobalt-containing metal–organic framework (ZIF-67) as precursor. • CoNi(OH)x/CeO2/COOH-MWCNTs sensor to detect bile acids for traditional Chinese medicines. • A linear range of (0.05–10.0 µM) and LOD (1.0 nM) for bile acids detection were achieved. • The sensors were used to sensitively determine bile acids in Shedan Chuanbei Liquid Oral traditional Chinese medicine.. Fast and ultra-sensitive assays are essential for the assessment of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines. Here, an ultrasensitive and rapid electrochemical detection of bile acid in traditional Chinese medicine using composite electrodes is presented. Cobalt-nickel hydroxide and cerium dioxide (CoNi(OH) x /CeO 2) nanomaterials were synthesized in situ by a two-step reflux method with cobalt-containing metal–organic framework (ZIF-67), as precursor. It was ultrasonically complexed with carboxylated carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs) to form CoNi(OH) x /CeO 2 /COOH-MWCNTs composites, for facile direct detection of bile acids in traditional Chinese medicine. Characterization methods were used to verify the successful creation of the composite CoNi(OH) x /CeO 2 /COOH-MWCNTs, a material which demonstrated excellent electrochemical properties. The experimental results showed that the electrode responded well when bile acids, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and 3α hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were simultaneously present in the solution, and that the peak current had a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.988) with the concentration of bile acids (0.05–10.0 µM). The sensor has an outstanding detection limit of 1.0 nM, 2–3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the concentration. Therefore, it can be used for rapid on-site detection of bile acids in real traditional Chinese medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding cement paragenesis is crucial to the study of the porosity evolution in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs. Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis with micro-drilling sampling, electron probe microanalysis, and laser Raman spectroscopy microanalysis was used to clarify the origin of cements and their relationship with reservoir quality of the Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoir in the Longdong area of the Ordos Basin. The predominant cements are chlorite, illite, kaolinite, quartz, and carbonate, which occur in 3 forms: grain rim, overgrowth, and filling of intergranular pore and intragranular dissolved pore. The quantitative paragenesis of the cements is established based on the formation temperature of cements obtained through fluid inclusion, oxygen isotope, chemical composition and Raman parameters. The main source of carbon for carbonate cements is the decarboxylation of organic matter in the adjacent mudstone interlayers. The conversion of smectite to illite and the dissolution of feldspar and previous carbonates provide Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe3+ ions for carbonate cements and authigenic chlorite, and the authigenic chlorite rim continuously grows from the grain surface outward. The porosity reduction by the cements mainly occurs during the main hydrocarbon filling period (80–120 °C), and the reservoir belongs to the type of "hydrocarbon accumulation prior to significant porosity reduction". This study provides a new approach for studying the temporal and spatial evolution of clastic rock diagenesis. • Three types of cements were subjected to in-situ microanalysis. • The cements paragenesis constrained by formation temperature was established. • Chang 8 tight sandstone is featured by "accumulation prior to densification". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The WRKY transcription factors are unique regulatory proteins in plants, which are important in the stress responses of plants. In this study, 113 WRKY genes were identified from the apple genome GDDH13 and a comprehensive analysis was performed, including chromosome mapping, and phylogenetic, motif and collinearity analysis. MdWRKYs are expressed in different tissues, such as seeds, flowers, stems and leaves. We analyzed seven WRKY proteins in different groups and found that all of them were localized in the nucleus. Among the 113 MdWRKYs, MdWRKY70L was induced by both drought and salt stresses. Overexpression of it in transgenic tobacco plants conferred enhanced stress tolerance to drought and salt. The malondialdehyde content and relative electrolyte leakage values were lower, while the chlorophyll content was higher in transgenic plants than in the wild-type under stressed conditions. In conclusion, this study identified the WRKY members in the apple genome GDDH13, and revealed the function of MdWRKY70L in the response to drought and salt stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acyclovir (Acyclovir, ACV) is an antiviral drug which, despite its favorable safety profile, can have systemic adverse effects, following improper use. This study prepared a clay-like two-dimensional transition metal carbide Ti 3 C 2 by etching Ti 3 AlC 2 with LiF and HCl. Carboxylated multi walled carbon nanotubes (Carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs-COOH) were combined with Ti 3 C 2 using chitosan (Chitosan, CS) as solvent and ultrasonic treatment. The nanocomposite was then modified onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (Glassy carbon electrode, GCE) to develop an electrochemical sensor for the detection of ACV. The Ti 3 C 2 -CS-MWCNTs-COOH/GCE nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (X-ray diffractometry, XRD), scanning electron microscope (Scanning electron microscope，SEM), and cyclic voltammetry (Cyclic voltammetry，CV), as well as the electrochemical impedance method (Electrochemical impedance，EIS). The successful preparation of Ti 3 C 2 -CS-MWCNTs-COOH, and the good electrochemical performance of the electrode were verified. Linear scanning voltammetry (Linear scan voltammetry，LSV) was used to quantify the ACV. The linear range of the method is wider than other works (0.05 ∼ 20.0 and 20.0 ∼ 500.0 μM), with a low detection limit (0.088 μM). The sensor achieves sensitive detection of ACV and can be used for the analysis of ACV in pharmaceutical and urine dosage forms, with recoveries of 95.5∼97.6% and 95.6∼97.5%, respectively. For the first time, this sensor utilizes clay-like Ti 3 C 2 with a larger specific surface area in combination with MWCNTs-COOH for ACV detection, which exhibits excellent immunity to interference, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. This method provides a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of ACV, and lays foundations for developing miniaturized field rapid test detectors. [Display omitted] • Ti 3 C 2 -CS-MWCNTs-COOH/GCE sensor is for electrochemical determination of acyclovir. • Clay-like Ti 3 C 2 has higher conductivity, larger specific surface area and higher security than accordion-like Ti 3 C 2. • Wide linear range (0.05–20.0 µM and 20.0–500.0 µM), low detection limit (0.088 µM) are obtained. • The developed sensor could be used for the detection of acyclovir in urine and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review comprehensively discusses the performance of various electrochemical sensors using different detection recognition methods, based on nanomaterials, MIPs, aptamer, etc. The portable electrochemical sensors using smartphone, USB and disk are summarized in detail. The future research direction and challenges of using portable devices for the detection of mycotoxins are highlighted. [Display omitted] • Recent progress in electrochemical sensors is summarized for various mycotoxins detection in food. • The main electrochemical recognition methods for mycotoxins detection are discussed. • On-site portable electrochemical devices are reviewed. • Future research trends and perspectives on portable electrochemical sensors are presented. The mycotoxins commonly found in food may pose a significant threat to human health. Therefore, the development of portable electrochemical sensing chip methods is very important. In addition, due to the need to study various pollutants when conducting food analysis, which involves multiple and complex fields, the use of disposable portable sensing chips can improve detection efficiency. In this review, we have summarized the significant work on electrochemical sensors for mycotoxins detection in food samples. Although earlier reviews have covered this topic, the mechanisms and portable use of toxin detection have not yet been addressed. This paper's novelty is that it has reviewed recent advances in various electrochemical sensors and portable applications, for mycotoxins detection. This provides a new perspective on future trends in the development of portable electrochemical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, eight different SRAM cells are studied and evaluated with a 65nm CMOS technology. The cells were designed with radiation-hardening-by-design approaches including schematic and layout techniques. The eight types of cells were placed into eight pages of an SRAM test chip. The alpha and proton irradiation demonstrated that the Dual Interlocked Cell (DICE) has the best radiation-tolerant performance, but requires the largest area. The 6T and 11T cells designed with charge cancellation techniques can reduce soft errors up to 2-3 times with less area overhead. Several DICE variants were developed with reduced area overhead and showed SEU resilience performance equivalent to DICE. Simulation results are also presented in this paper to validate the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and novel electrochemical determination of Fluoxetine (FLX) at submicromolar concentration Niobium carbide (Nb 2 CT x) and Nitrogen-doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (NRGO) hybridized electrodes as sensing platform is demonstrated. Herein, Niobium carbide (Nb 2 CT x) was successfully prepared by etching Nb 2 AlC and then ultrasonically compounded with Nitrogen-doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (NRGO), to form a well-dispersed Nb 2 CT x /NRGO composite, which was modified onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The morphology, structure and electrochemical property of the Nb 2 CT x /NRGO/GCE was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrocatalytic activity of the Nb 2 CT x /NRGO/GCE for FLX oxidation was studied in detail. The peak currents showed two good linear relationships (R2 = 0.9962 and 0.9949) with FLX concentrations (1.0–10 µM and 10–100 µM) and a detection limit of 0.34 µM (S/N = 3). The sensor has good selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility and stability, and is capable of sensitively determining FLX in human serum and urine samples of clinical biological fluids. This work is believed to be of great significance and of broad interest for research on innovative MXene materials development and biomedical sensing applications. • Nb 2 CT x /NRGO/GCE was used to construct Fluoxetine sensor for the first time. • An ultrasensitive Fluoxetine detection sensor at submicromolar level is presented. • Good linear concentration ranges of 1.0–10 µM and 10–100 µM with low LOD (0.34 µM) were observed. • High selectivity, repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor were obtained. • The sensor was successfully applied to the detection in human serum and urine samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bismuth oxide- nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide/glassy carbon electrode (Bi 2 O 3 -NRGO/GCE) was prepared for the detection of the flavonoid drug chrysin in pharmaceutical capsules, for the first time. [Display omitted] • Bi 2 O 3 nanosheet materials were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. • Bi 2 O 3 -NRGO/GCE were used to construct sensors for the detection of chrysin. • A linear range (0.01–10 μM) and LOD (2 nM) for chrysin detection were achieved. • The sensors were used for the ultrasensitive determination of chrysin in pharmaceutical preparations. A bismuth oxide- nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide/glassy carbon electrode (Bi 2 O 3 -NRGO/GCE) was prepared for the detection of the flavonoid drug chrysin in pharmaceutical capsules, for the first time. Bi 2 O 3 nanosheets synthesized by a hydrothermal method, were ultrasonically mixed with NRGO, and a simple and efficient Bi 2 O 3 -NRGO/GCE composite was prepared. The composites were characterized by various methods. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance techniques were used to study the electrochemical sensing performance of the composites-modified electrode surface. The electrochemical performance and optimal detection conditions of chrysin on Bi 2 O 3 -NRGO/GCE were investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The oxidation peak current of chrysin has a linear relationship with its concentration, in the range of 0.01–10 μM, with a detection limit of 2.0 nM. Bi 2 O 3 -NRGO/GCE also has good selectivity for chrysin, which is not interfered with by common inorganic salts and common organic substances, or by structurally similar substances. The composite electrode also has good repeatability, reproducibility and stability. It shows that utilizing Bi 2 O 3 and NRGO binary complexes modified electrodes for ultrasensitive chrysin sensing is a simple and convenient detection method, with promising applicability in the development of pharmaceutical component sensing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soft error rate (SER) due to heavy-ion irradiation of a clock tree is investigated in this paper. A method for clock tree SER prediction is developed, which employs a dedicated soft error analysis tool to characterize the single-event transient (SET) sensitivities of clock inverters and other commercial tools to calculate the SER through fault-injection simulations. A test circuit including a flip-flop chain and clock tree in a 65 nm CMOS technology is developed through the automatic ASIC design flow. This circuit is analyzed with the developed method to calculate its clock tree SER. In addition, this circuit is implemented in a 65 nm test chip and irradiated by heavy ions to measure its SER resulting from the SETs in the clock tree. The experimental and calculation results of this case study present good correlation, which verifies the effectiveness of the developed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with bulk technologies, Fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD SOI) technology nodes show better resistance to single-event upsets. However, additional hardening techniques should be investigated to mitigate upsets at this technology node. Single-event (SE) performance of multiple hardened flip-flop (FF) designs based on Schmitt-trigger circuits along with a conventional DFF design in a 22-nm FD SOI process is presented. FF designs were tested using alpha particles and heavy-ions. Results show significant reductions in SEU cross-sections compared with the conventional design. Alpha particle exposures showed zero upsets for all FF designs tested. Schmitt-trigger-based FF designs showed from 2× to 200× improvement in heavy-ion SEU cross-sections compared with the conventional DFF design. • The 22-nm FDSOI technology demonstrates exceptional SEU performance compared to bulk technologies. • Several ST-based hardened FF designs were fabricated and tested for SEU performance using alpha and heavy-ion irradiation. • The ST-based FFs showed improved SEU cross-sections, ranging from 2X to 200X over a range of LET values and supply voltages. • The ST2 and ST-DFR designs have a smaller cross-sectional area compared to the ST1 design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the sensitivity of FPGA-based CNN systems and the efficacy of selective hardening approaches with laser injection and proton irradiation. The LeNet-5 CNN architecture was taken as a case study. First, the entire CNN with block random access memory (BRAM) attached is evaluated by laser test scanning, and errors generated from each layer are detected to determine the most critical layer. Second, the same network is evaluated without BRAM, considering only the configuration RAM (CRAM) and errors generated from each layer are detected. Third, the impact of laser scan errors from BRAM and CRAM are compared, while tracing the layers in which these errors are generated. Then, proton testing is performed on the entire CNN, and errors from each layer are detected and compared to validate the laser scanning test. Experimental results from laser and proton demonstrate that CRAM errors have a larger impact on CNN layers than BRAM errors. Regarding layer criticality, the second convolutional layer (C2) appears to be the most critical one because it generates most CRAM errors. This was validated by serial and parallel designs, where both confirm similar trends. Accordingly, the partial triple modular redundancy (TMR) approach is only applied to the critical portions, leading to around 40 % reliability improvement with less than 20 % overhead. • Evaluates the sensitivity of FPGA-based Convolutional neural networks with laser injection and proton irradiation • The impact of BRAM and CRAM within CNN layers • Layer criticality identification • Carry out radiation hardened by design approach [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a sensitive electrochemical sensor based on MnO 2 nanoparticles functionalized carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MnO 2 -c-MWCNTs) was prepared for the determination of curcumin. The synthesized materials have been fully characterized by instruments, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical behavior of curcumin on the MnO 2 -c-MWCNTs modified glassy carbon electrode (MnO 2 -c-MWCNTs/GCE) was investigated in detail by CV and chronocoulometry (CC). The electrochemical reaction mechanism of curcumin on the modified electrode was also discussed. In 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 solution, the peak current showed a good linear dependence on curcumin concentration in the range of 0.01–1 μM and 1–80 μM, The method has high sensitivity (3.30 μA μM−1 cm−1), and the detection limit is 6.0 nM. At the same time, the MnO 2 -c-MWCNTs/GCE has good anti-interference ability and stability. In addition, the sensor was used for the accurate and rapid determination of curcumin in commercial food samples, which shows its good potential for practical application. [Display omitted] • A novel sensor MnO 2 -c-MWCNTs/GCE was prepared which for the stable determination of curcumin. • High selectivity, repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor were obtained. • Good linear concentration ranges of 0.01–1 μM and 1–80 μM curcumin with low LOD (6.0 nM) were observed. • The sensor was successfully applied to the detection of curcumin in nanomolarity in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the intrinsic lack of restoring paths, dynamic logic circuits have significant single-event susceptibility, and thus, they are not preferred in applications requiring high reliability when compared to static logic. However, in high speed applications, this circuit family is still very attractive. This papers presents two layout-based single-event resilient dynamic logic designs. The resultant SET pulse is suppressed because of charge-sharing in the layout-level. Simulation results verify that they enjoy higher single event tolerance. Experimental results validate the fact that approximately 20 ~ 30 % of magnitude reduction in cross-section is achieved in both designs. On the other hand, the increase in single-event performance is achieved at the expense of power and area overheads of 10 and 15 %, respectively, using our layout style in 130 nm CMOS bulk technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical differences between Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Acori Calami Rhizoma using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and chemometric methods. Quantitative fingerprints were established. A total of 90 volatile compounds were identified and quantified using heuristic evolving latent projection and retention index. An efficient model based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis coupled with variable iterative space shrinkage approach was developed to distinguish Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma from Acori Calami Rhizoma. The correct rate was 95.83%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 100%. Finally, three volatiles, namely, camphor, longicyclene, and -cadinene, were selected as key discrimination factors between Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Acori Calami Rhizoma. The proposed protocol can serve as a valid strategy for quality control and screening of potential bioactive components of herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the basement nature and velocity structure of the Tarim Basin in China. The study assesses the earthquake events detected by seismic stations withn 74°-90°E longitude and35°-42°N latitude and identify velocity anomilies beneath the Tarim Basin. Result shows high-velocity core and high- and low-velocity belts in the basin's upper crust.

This study investigated the lithological, sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of Lower Jurassic strata (Ziliujing Formation) in the Sichuan Basin to identify the lithofacies and understand the depositional environments and differences in organic matter accumulation of these nonmarine fine-grained sediments. Based on mineralogy and petrology, rock types were recognized, with mudstones, siltstones, and limestones being the most common. Rock types, sedimentary structures, biota, and well log data were used to define and characterize 17 lithofacies and the following five facies associations of the fine-grained sediments: (1) delta front; (2) clastic lakeshore; (3) clastic shallow lake; (4) clastic semi-deep lake; and (5) carbonate lake. The content of total organic carbon ranges between 0.04% and 3.84%, with an average of 0.74%. The organic matter primarily consists of Type Ⅲ kerogen. Major processes inferred from the lithofacies analyses include suspension, biogenic, and storm deposition. On the basis of facies associations, redox, climate and salinity conditions, biotic productivity, and terrigenous input, a total of six depositional environments are proposed: (I) high-productivity low-oxygen swamp (II) low-oxygen semi-deep lake (III) high-oxygen semi-deep lake (IV) high-oxygen shallow lake (V) deep-water low-oxygen semi-deep lake and (VI) high-salinity low-oxygen shallow lake. The nonmarine environments changed frequently, unlike more stable environments. The development of bivalves in the shallow lake is suggested to be related to high salinity caused by dry climate, together with limited terrigenous input. Organic-rich nonmarine fine-grained sediments in the Ziliujing Formation formed in swamp and semi-deep lake with settings under reducing conditions, in a humid climate, with relatively high terrigenous input. Results of the study may help us to understand the deposition of nonmarine organic-rich fine-grained Lower Jurassic sediments in southwest, China. • A total of 17 lithofacies and five facies association were identified. • Major depositional processes include suspension, biogenic and storm depositions. • The nonmarine fine-grained rocks were deposited in six depositional environments. • The accumulation of organic matter is controlled by paleoenvironmental conditions. • The organic-rich sediments were mostly developed in swamp and semi-deep lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-event effects (SEEs) in integrated circuits and devices can be studied by utilizing ultra-fast pulsed laser system through Two Photon Absorption process. This paper presents technical ways to characterize key factors for laser based SEEs mapping testing system: output power from laser source, spot size focused by objective lens, opening window of Pockels cell, and calibration of injected laser energy. The laser based SEEs mapping testing system can work in a stable and controllable status by applying these methods. Furthermore, a sensitivity map of a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell with a 65 nm technique node was created through the established laser system. The sensitivity map of the SRAM cell was compared to a map generated by a commercial simulation tool (TFIT), and the two matched well. In addition, experiments in this paper also provided energy distribution profile along Z axis that is the direction of the pulsed laser injection and threshold energy for different SRAM structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]