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Background and Objectives: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a process in which impaired perfusion is restored by restoring blood flow and tissue recirculation. Nanomedicine uses cutting-edge technologies that emerge from interdisciplinary influences. In the literature, there are very few in vivo and in vitro studies on how cerium oxide (CeO2) affects systemic anti-inflammatory response and inflammation. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to investigate whether CeO2 administration has a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury in the liver and kidneys. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups after obtaining approval from an ethics committee. A control (group C), cerium oxide (group CO), IR (group IR), and Cerium oxide-IR (CO-IR group) groups were formed. Intraperitoneal CeO2 was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg 30 min before left thoracotomy and left main coronary (LAD) ligation, and myocardial muscle ischemia was induced for 30 min. After LAD ligation was removed, reperfusion was performed for 120 min. All rats were euthanized using ketamine, and blood was collected. Liver and kidney tissue samples were evaluated histopathologically. Serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransaminase), GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), glucose, TOS (Total Oxidant Status), and TAS (Total Antioxidant Status) levels were also measured. Results: Necrotic cell and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver parenchyma of rats in the IR group was observed to be significantly increased compared to the other groups. Hepatocyte degeneration was greater in the IR group compared to groups C and CO. Vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy, tubular degeneration, and necrosis were increased in the kidney tissue of the IR group compared to the other groups. Tubular dilatation was significantly higher in the IR group than in the C and CO groups. TOS was significantly higher in all groups than in the IR group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.006, respectively). However, TAS level was lower in the IR group than in the other groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.020, and p = 0.031, respectively). Renal and liver histopathological findings decreased significantly in the CO-IR group compared to the IR group. A decrease in the TOS level and an increase in the TAS level were found compared to the IR group. The AST, ALT, GGT, and Glucose levels are shown. Conclusions: CeO2 administered before ischemia-reperfusion reduced oxidative stress and ameliorated IR-induced damage in distant organs. We suggest that CeO2 exerts protective effects in the myocardial IR model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple A syndrome (TAS), also known as Allgrove syndrome (OMIM#231550), is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the triad of alacrima, achalasia, and adrenal insufficiency. Additional neurological features may be present in two-thirds of patients, involving central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system manifestations. TAS is caused by genetic alterations in the AAAS gene on chromosome 12q13, which encodes the nuclear pore complex protein termed ALADIN (ALacrima, Achalasia, aDrenal Insufficiency, and Neurologic disorder). ALADIN plays a crucial role in nucleocytoplasmic transport of specific proteins, including the transport of DNA repair proteins. TAS exhibits significant phenotypic variability in terms of symptom onset, frequency, and severity, often presenting with a progressive clinical course indicative of an underlying degenerative process. In this study, we report the case of an infant with exceptionally early and severe manifestations of triple A syndrome, with a review of the literature. Our patient exhibited the complete classical triad of TAS at six months of age, being among the youngest reported cases of the syndrome. The clinical course was complicated by severe involvement of the autonomic nervous system, neurogenic bladder, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Subsequently, the patient developed acute pancreatitis, leading to multiorgan dysfunction and a fatal outcome at 25 months of age. This case underscores the potential for atypical disease presentations and the need for clinical awareness in diagnosing and managing patients with TAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While COVID-19 has been controlled and deaths have decreased, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain a challenge we face today. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the apoptosis of lymphocyte cells with DNA damage and oxidative stress and the therapeutic and clinical outcomes of elderly patients with COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted from April 2020 to May 2021 (the period of severe attacks of the epidemic peak of COVID-19) and September 2022 (the post-COVID-19 period). The study groups included elderly patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU and normal wards of the hospital as well as elderly patients with influenza. A polymerase chain reaction was used to check the validity of the studied diseases. The Annexin V/Propidium Iodide method was used to evaluate the level of apoptosis. Genotoxic effects and DNA damage were assessed by the comet assay method. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were measured by photometric methods. Results: The highest level of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the highest level of DNA damage were observed at both times in the intubated-ICU and non-intubated-ICU groups. In all groups, there was a significant increase in peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis levels and DNA damage levels compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.01). The level of apoptosis and DNA damage decreased significantly in the post-COVID-19 period (p < 0.01). In the investigation of oxidative stress biomarkers, the oxidative stress index, including TOS and MPO levels, increased in patients (p < 0.01), and the TAS level decreased (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It shows that the apoptosis of lymphocyte cells, DNA damage, and oxidative stress can be effective in prognostic decisions and is a suitable predictor for diagnosing the condition of patients with viral infections such as COVID-19 and influenza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the dietary content and evaluate the possible related risk factors in patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones Material and Method: A total of 2348 patients with CaOx stone disease and 1024 cases with no signs of stone disease were evaluated concerning the possible dietary content-related risk factors for stone formation. A well-prepared comprehensive questionnaire focused on the diet-related risk factors including fluid intake, sodium, animal protein, black tea, fruit juice, coffee, and vegetables was utilized. Urinary risk factors have been identified and additionally, the patient-related factors and possible effects of physical exercise, and smoking were also well evaluated. Results: Evaluation of our findings demonstrated that 46.2% of study group cases consumed water less than 1 liter per day; black tea consumption was also found to be higher (28.9% consuming black tea >451 cc/day) in cases with CaOx stones. Similarly, consumption of daily coffee, protein, salt, and dairy products was higher in these cases than in the control group. Also, daily physical activity amounts were lower in this group of patients. Lastly, urinary stone-forming risk factors were common in patients with CaOx stone disease. Conclusion: When comparing calcium-containing stones to others, our findings revealed that high salt, black tea, and animal protein consumption were the main stone-forming risk factors. These patients had higher levels of urinary risk factors than the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rising global rates of cesarean sections (CS) and pregnancies with CS history necessitate the assessment of uterine scar integrity, potentially using transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasounds as a predictive tool. Aim: To compare the accuracy and utility of transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound in measuring lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness at term. Materials and Methods: We conducted a thorough search on Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The investigation utilized both text terms and medical subject headings, such as LUS Thickness, (CS), Transabdominal Ultrasound (TAS), Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVS), Scar Dehiscence, Rupture of uterus, Vaginal Birth following Cesarean, Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC). Also, we conducted a thorough investigation on ClinicalTrials.gov and examined the references cited in selected materials and reviews to discover any more pertinent observational research. Results: This meta-analysis incorporated data from 9 studies involving 1,789 patients to assess the differences in lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measured by (TAS) and (TVS). The studies included participants aged eighteen to 44 years, with a BMI range of 20.7 to 50.4 kilogram/metrer² and gestational ages from 36 to 40 weeks. Our combined analysis revealed a statistically significant variance in LUS thickness between the groups (Z = 4.42, P < 0.0001), highlighting the potential of ultrasound measurement techniques in predicting uterine scar complications. Conclusion: The findings support the clinical use of LUS measurement, particularly via transvaginal sonography (TVS), as valuable tool in guiding delivery decisions, especially for those considering a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proprietary communication technologies for time-critical communication in industrial environments are being gradually replaced by Time-sensitive Networking (TSN)-enabled Ethernet. Furthermore, attempts have been made to bring TSN features into wireless networks so that the flexibility of wireless networks can be utilized, and the end-to-end timings for Time-Triggered (TT) streams can be guaranteed. Given a mixed wired-wireless network, the scheduling problem should be solved for a set of TT stream requests. In this paper, we formulate the no-wait scheduling problem for mixed wired-wireless networks as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model with the objective of minimizing the flowspan. We also propose a relaxation of the original MILP in the form of a 2-stage MILP formulation. Next, a scalable approach based on the greedy heuristic is proposed to solve the problem for realistic-size networks. Evaluation results show that the greedy heuristic is suitable for realistic problem sizes where the MILP-based approach is found to be practically infeasible. Furthermore, the impact of wireless requests on the performance of the greedy heuristic is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple A syndrome (TAS), also known as Allgrove syndrome (OMIM#231550), is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the triad of alacrima, achalasia, and adrenal insufficiency. Additional neurological features may be present in two-thirds of patients, involving central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system manifestations. TAS is caused by genetic alterations in the AAAS gene on chromosome 12q13, which encodes the nuclear pore complex protein termed ALADIN (ALacrima, Achalasia, aDrenal Insufficiency, and Neurologic disorder). ALADIN plays a crucial role in nucleocytoplasmic transport of specific proteins, including the transport of DNA repair proteins. TAS exhibits significant phenotypic variability in terms of symptom onset, frequency, and severity, often presenting with a progressive clinical course indicative of an underlying degenerative process. In this study, we report the case of an infant with exceptionally early and severe manifestations of triple A syndrome, with a review of the literature. Our patient exhibited the complete classical triad of TAS at six months of age, being among the youngest reported cases of the syndrome. The clinical course was complicated by severe involvement of the autonomic nervous system, neurogenic bladder, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Subsequently, the patient developed acute pancreatitis, leading to multiorgan dysfunction and a fatal outcome at 25 months of age. This case underscores the potential for atypical disease presentations and the need for clinical awareness in diagnosing and managing patients with TAS.

Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques are widely utilized to study and improve cognitive function, with the aim of modulating different cognitive processes. For workers performing high-intensity mental and physical tasks, extreme fatigue may not only affect their working efficiency but may also lead to cognitive decline or cognitive impairment, which, in turn, poses a serious threat to their physical health. The use of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques has important research value for improving and enhancing cognitive function. In this paper, we review the research status, existing problems, and future prospects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcutaneous acupoint stimulation (TAS), which are the most studied physical methods in non-invasive neuromodulation techniques to improve and enhance cognition. The findings presented in this paper will be of great reference value for the in-depth study of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in the field of cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of International Journal of Economic & Social Research is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on oxidative stress, some hematological and biochemical blood parameters in New Zealand rabbits, and to determine the ideal cage area where rabbits can live without being stressed. A total of 36 1–month–old mixed sex New Zealand weaned rabbits were selected for the study. The rabbits were placed in cages at different densities of stocking. Experimental groups were 1 rabbit per cage (C1), 2 rabbits per cage (C2) and 3 rabbits per cage (C3). There was no significant differences between groups in terms of RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophlis, basophlis, AST, ALT, trigliseride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL parameters (P>0.05). C2 group had lower count of PLT comparing C1 and C3 groups. C1 group had the highest value for MCHC (P0.05). C2 group had the lowest value in terms of SOD (P

In this paper, we investigate the performance of multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) unmanned air vehicle (UAV) based multi-user communication systems over generalized Nakagami- $m$ fading channels subject to channel feedback delays. The impact of decode-and-forward (DF) based relaying and outdated channel state information is assessed at the receiver nodes. To reduce the complexity and retain the MIMO gains, the transmit antenna selection (TAS) strategy is used to select the best antenna at the source and UAV nodes. A generic framework in the form of closed-form analytical expressions for outage probability (OP), asymptotic OP, and the average symbol error rate of higher-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes such as hexagonal QAM, rectangular QAM, and cross QAM are derived. In addition, energy efficiency analysis is also performed for the considered system model. In this framework, altitude and location-dependent path loss modeling are considered for the air-to-ground links. Optimization of UAV location and altitude is performed through a limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGS) algorithm to attain minimum OP (MOP). Results illustrate optimal performance dependent on the channel correlation parameters, antenna elements, and fading conditions. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to validate the derived analytical results and compared with the existing works.

ÖZ: Arkeolojik sahtecilik, araştırmacıları, koleksiyoncuları veya kamuyu aldatmak amacıyla yapılan sahte eserler, yazıtlar veya diğer arkeolojik materyalleri ifade etmektedir. Sahtecilik, arkeoloji ve sanat tarihi dünyasında uzun süredir devam etmektedir. Sahte eserlerin tespit edilebilmesi arkeologlar, sanat tarihçileri, malzeme bilimcileri, dil bilimciler ve diğer uzmanlar arasındaki iş birliğini içeren çok disiplinli bir yaklaşım gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada eserlerin otantisitesi araştırmalarında uygulanacak malzeme karakterizasyonu ile ilişkili inceleme süreci önerilmektedir. Eserin tanımlanması farklı malzemelerin işlem/üretim zinciri (chaîne opératoire) içerisinde ve arkeolojik bilgi birikimi kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Arkeolojik buluntuların bu zincir içinde tanımlanması fiziksel, kimyasal, biçimsel ve estetik özelliklerinin daha iyi sınıflandırılmasını sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada, taş, pişmiş toprak ve metal hammaddeden yapılan arkeolojik eserlerin işlem zinciri bağlamında incelenmesinde kullanılan malzeme karakterizasyonu yöntemlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca gerçekliği incelenen eserlerin patina tabakasının analizlerinin, bu tabakanın doğal ya da yapay olarak oluşması ile ilgili bilgi verdiği belirtirmiştir. Sonuç olarak arkeolojik buluntuların malzeme analizlerinin detaylı olarak değerlendirilmesinin, sahte eserlerin belirlenmesi sırasında karşılaştırma için veri sağlaması bakımından önemi vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada RGB ve CIE XYZ renk analizi yöntemleri ile gerçek eserlerden elde edilen ölçümler ile oluşturulacak bir veri bankası ileride çok daha kısa zamanda ve az maliyetli olarak ön değerlendirme yapılmasına olanak sağlayacağı önerilmiştir. ABSTRACT: Archaeological forgery refers to forged artifacts, inscriptions, or other archaeological material made with the intent to deceive researchers, collectors, or the public. Forgery has long existed in the world of archeology and art history. Identifying counterfeit artifacts requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes collaboration between archaeologists, art historians, materials scientists, linguists, and other experts. In this study, a process related to the material characterization to be applied in the research of the authenticity of the works is suggested. The identification of the artifact is evaluated within the chaîne opératoire of various materials. The identification of archaeological finds in this chain provides a better classification of their physical, chemical, formal, and aesthetic features. In the study, material characterization methods used in the analysis of archaeological artifacts made of stone, terracotta, and metal raw materials in the context of the process chain are mentioned. It is also stated that the analysis of the patina layer of the works whose authenticity was examined gives information about the natural or artificial formation of this layer. As a result, the importance of detailed evaluation of material analysis of archaeological finds is emphasized in terms of providing data for comparison during the identification of counterfeit artifacts. In addition, it has been suggested in the study that a database to be created with measurements obtained from real works with RGB and CIE XYZ color analysis methods will allow preliminary evaluation in a much shorter time and with less cost in the future.

Abstract Background Foamy viruses (FVs) are unique nonpathogenic retroviruses, which remain latent in the host for a long time. Therefore, they may be safe, effective gene transfer vectors. In this study, were assessed FV–host cell interactions and the molecular mechanisms underlying FV latent infection. Methods We used the prototype FV (PFV) to infect HT1080 cells and a PFV indicator cell line (PFVL) to measure virus titers. After 48 h of infection, the culture supernatant (i.e., cell-free PFV particles) and transfected cells (i.e., cell-associated PFV particles) were harvested and incubated with PFVL. After another 48 h, the luciferase activity was used to measure virus titers. Results Through transcriptomics sequencing, we found that PREB mRNA expression was significantly upregulated. Moreover, PREB overexpression reduced PFV replication, whereas endogenous PREB knockdown increased PFV replication. PREB interacted with the Tas DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains and interfered with its binding to the PFV long terminal repeat and internal promoter, preventing the recruitment of transcription factors and thereby inhibiting the transactivation function of Tas. PREB C-terminal 329–418 aa played a major role in inhibiting PFV replication; PREB also inhibited bovine FV replication. Therefore, PREB has a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on FV replication. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that PREB inhibits PFV replication by impeding its transcription.

Purpose: Varicocele is a pathological condition that affects approximately 20% of adult men, causing infertility and sperm deterioration. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of vitamin D (Vit. D) in the pathophysiology of varicocele. We performed biochemical, gene expression analyses and histopathological to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D in the experimental varicocele model. Materials and Methods: In the study, 30 adult male Wistar Albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups equally as control group, experimental group (varicocele), treatment group (varicocele + D vit.). The treatment group received 500 IU/kg D vit. intramuscularly. Results: Histopathological, TRPM2-8 gene expression and biochemical analyses were performed on testicular and blood samples collected at the end of the experiment. The experimental group showed a deterioration in tubular structure, a decrease in total antioxidant levels and an increase in total oxidant levels. The treatment group, on the other hand, showed an increase in TAS, a decrease in TOS and a beneficial improvement in tubular structure disorders. Analysis of gene expression levels showed that TRPM2-8 expression levels were significantly increased in the varicocele group and decreased in the treatment group. Conclusion: In the varicocele model, the use of vitamin D had a significant effect on TRPM2-8 gene level, pathological seminiferous tubules and biochemical values. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical application of vitamin D in varicocele disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haji Bayram Veli is one of the undeniable figures of Anatolian Sufi tradition. Having different reflections on Sufi institutions and schools, he influenced different cultural instruments produced by Turks. His poems on land and city in the context of human, is a clear example of this aspect. It can be said that his knowledge is the manifestation of enlightenment overflowing from a cosmic consciousness when he brings together the time and space with people. While presenting the message of tawhid with correct information to people he shares the same geography, he engraves wisdom into hearts with simple expressions. Also, while addressing the hearts of human, he draws attention to their enemy which is the soul (nafs). His skillful use of the relationship between the soul and, the stone and soil, the main elements of the earth, in a metaphorical sense, shows that he is well-versed in the context of cosmology and metaphysic. For, man's struggle with stone and soil isn't independent from the world. The stonesoil connection of human being was established with the vitality of the big realm. He discovered these secrets and benefitted from the structural similarities of both realms so that people know and realize themselves. In this study, human dualism will be evaluated along with this relation in his poems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fingerprints are one of the most important types of evidence in crime investigation due to their permanency, uniqueness, and ease of enhancing. Demonstrators usually prefer hiding their identities by covering their faces in illegal events such as throwing stones at security forces or at businesses and residences so as to damage property. Once the fingerprints are detected on stones, it could be possible to reach the perpetrators. However, there is insufficient research about recovering fingerprints on stones and their subsequent reliability. In this study, fingerprints left on 12 different kinds of stone surface were held for 1, 3, and 5 days respectively, after which it was sought to determine whether or not suitable fingerprints could be recovered for comparison. In this study, As a result of various chemical applications in the laboratory on 12 different types of stones, it was revealed that fingerprints with sufficient characteristics could be obtained from various stone types. Fingerprints of good quality were made visible with cyanoacrylate fuming method, particularly on stones with smooth surfaces and minimal porosity such as the outer surfaces of red brick, marble, mosaic, ceramic, tile and granite. After more than a hundred and thirty years, fingerprints still remain to be considered as one of the most important sources of evidence. It is evaluated that fingerprints developed from stones which were thrown during an assault could be instrumental in identification of a perpetrator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Foamy viruses (FVs) are unique nonpathogenic retroviruses, which remain latent in the host for a long time. Therefore, they may be safe, effective gene transfer vectors. In this study, were assessed FV–host cell interactions and the molecular mechanisms underlying FV latent infection. Methods: We used the prototype FV (PFV) to infect HT1080 cells and a PFV indicator cell line (PFVL) to measure virus titers. After 48 h of infection, the culture supernatant (i.e., cell-free PFV particles) and transfected cells (i.e., cell-associated PFV particles) were harvested and incubated with PFVL. After another 48 h, the luciferase activity was used to measure virus titers. Results: Through transcriptomics sequencing, we found that PREB mRNA expression was significantly upregulated. Moreover, PREB overexpression reduced PFV replication, whereas endogenous PREB knockdown increased PFV replication. PREB interacted with the Tas DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains and interfered with its binding to the PFV long terminal repeat and internal promoter, preventing the recruitment of transcription factors and thereby inhibiting the transactivation function of Tas. PREB C-terminal 329–418 aa played a major role in inhibiting PFV replication; PREB also inhibited bovine FV replication. Therefore, PREB has a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on FV replication. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that PREB inhibits PFV replication by impeding its transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological forgery refers to forged artifacts, inscriptions, or other archaeological material made with the intent to deceive researchers, collectors, or the public. Forgery has long existed in the world of archeology and art history. Identifying counterfeit artifacts requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes collaboration between archaeologists, art historians, materials scientists, linguists, and other experts. In this study, a process related to the material characterization to be applied in the research of the authenticity of the works is suggested. The identification of the artifact is evaluated within the chaîne opératoire of various materials. The identification of archaeological finds in this chain provides a better classification of their physical, chemical, formal, and aesthetic features. In the study, material characterization methods used in the analysis of archaeological artifacts made of stone, terracotta, and metal raw materials in the context of the process chain are mentioned. It is also stated that the analysis of the patina layer of the works whose authenticity was examined gives information about the natural or artificial formation of this layer. As a result, the importance of detailed evaluation of material analysis of archaeological finds is emphasized in terms of providing data for comparison during the identification of counterfeit artifacts. In addition, it has been suggested in the study that a database to be created with measurements obtained from real works with RGB and CIE XYZ color analysis methods will allow preliminary evaluation in a much shorter time and with less cost in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foamy viruses are members of the Retroviridae family's Spumaretrovirinae subfamily. They induce cell vacuolation and exhibit a foamy pathogenic impact after infecting cells. DACH1 (dachshund family transcription factor 1) is a crucial cytokine linked to tumor development, and is associated with the growth of many different malignant tumor cells. Additionally, DACH1 suppresses pancreatic cell proliferation and is involved in diabetes insulin signaling. Prototype foamy viruses (PFVs) were used for the investigation of the regulatory mechanism of FVs on cellular DACH1 expression. The results show that DACH1 expression in PFV-infected cells was inconsistent at both the transcriptional and protein levels. At the transcriptional level, DACH1 was significantly activated by PFV transactivator Tas, and dual-luciferase reporter gene tests, EMSA, and ChIP assays found a Tas response element of 21 nucleotides in the DACH1 promoter. PFV and Tas did not boost the levels of DACH1 protein in a manner consistent with the high levels of DACH1 transcription expression. It was noted that Tas increased the expression of the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PPM1E, causing PPM1E-mediated post-translational SUMOylation alterations of DACH1 to prompt DACH1 to degrade. The reason for DACH1 protein degradation is that DACH1 inhibits PFV replication. To sum up, these findings show that PFV upregulated the transcription of DACH1, while urging its protein into PPM1E-mediated SUMOylation, to eliminate the adverse effect of DACH1 overexpression of host cells on viral replication and promote virus survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Endometriosis (EM) is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. This study aimed to examine the effects of quince gel and hesperidin treatment on uterine tissue in an experimental endometriosis model. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats were categorized into four groups as sham, EM, EM+quince gel (QG), and EM+QG+Hesperidin (HES). The endometriosis (EM) model was induced with surgical intervention. Estradiol benzoate (EB) was used to induce endometrial hyperplasia. In the EM group, EB was given to rats for 7 days. The EM+QG group received 2 cc QG for 21 days. HES treatment was given for 21 days after EM induction. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from the animals and the serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) values were studied. Uterine tissues were dissected and processed for histological paraffin embedding. Tissues were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde solution and processed for ultrastructural analysis. Results: After EM, QG and HES treatment significantly increased the TAS and decreased the TOS value. EM caused epithelial and glandular degeneration, thinning of the basal membranes, and vascular dilatation with increased fibrosis and edema. QG+HES restored the pathology and showed protective effects in uterine tissues. Caspase-3 expression was increased in the epithelium, glands, and muscle layers of the EM group. In EM+QG+HES, hesperidin protected cell survival and decreased Caspase-3 expression in uterine tissues. TNF-α expression was intense in inflammatory cells and the muscle layer in the EM group. HES reduced inflammation by decreasing the TNF-α expression. MAPK expression was increased after EM induction in epithelial, glandular, and inflammatory cells in the EM group. After HES treatment, MAPK expression was mainly negative in cells of uterine tissue in the EM+QG+HES group. Ultrastructurally, in the EM group, organelles were disrupted and dilated and degenerated after EM induction. QG and HES treatment improved cellular organelles. Conclusion: Local vaginal applications can be an alternative treatment method in the endometriosis model via QG+HES treatment promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis and preventing cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common types of endocrine syndromes in women, where the disease is described as chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, which characterized by the formation of small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) in the ovaries. This study was carried out to introduce knowledge when plasma and erythrocytes portions were chosen to compare the antioxidant and oxidant status of PCOS patients treated and without treatment with Metformin. Samples were included 75 women diagnostics with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria. The control group included healthy volunteers with regular menstrual cycles and with no symptoms of hyperandrogenism. Total Antioxidants Capacity (TAC), total Oxidant Status (TOS), and CuZn SOD enzyme activity were examined in both plasma and erythrocytes. The activity of the CuZn SOD enzyme was determined based on the ability of the enzyme to inhibit the autoxidation of pyrogallol. TAC values were significantly decreased in PCOS patients and the content in plasma was significantly higher than in Erythrocytes. On the other hand, the TOS values were in the opposite pattern, they were significantly increased in patients and higher in erythrocytes than plasma. The activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in patients' samples than in controls. This enzyme displayed higher activity values in samples from erythrocytes than the plasma and the highest activity was 61.9±3 U/ml. As the data for both TOS and SOD1 activity introduces the same pattern in blood samples, TAC values introduce a different line of responses. In considering Metformin's effect on previous criteria, this drug significantly decreased the TAC, TOS and SOD1, activity group. as this drug is responsible for the reduction of circulating insulin and increasing the glucose uptake by peripheral tissues [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2023; 6(1.000): 17-24]

Introduction: Sclerostin is a glycoprotein known as a negative regulator of bone formation, predominantly expressed by mature osteocytes. There is no causative evidence information on the role of sclerostin in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum sclerostin levels and oxidative status and biochemical parameters in T2DM patients and healthy people.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in a clinical trial center, included 45 subjects with T2DM and 45 subjects as controls.Results: Serum sclerostin, total oxidative status (TOS), albumin, and ferritin levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in the control group (p

Aim: This study aimed to show the effects of glutathione, recognized by its antioxidant specialties, on the potential DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine) and the antioxidant system changes upon its implementation in BHK-21 cells cultured with high glucose. Materials and Methods: BHK-21 cell line was regularly surpassed in vitro conditions (5% FBS, 10% horse serum, 1% L-Glutamine, 1% penicillin/ streptomycin in RPMI 1640 medium, and 5% CO2 and 95% humidity and 37ºC) incubated. The control group determined glucose's IC50 value based on the viability tests executed on MTT cells. Cells were seeded in plates as each would have 2x106 cells. The control, the test, and the crossbreed test (glucose; (285 mM), glutathione (250 &micro ,M)) groups were prepared. After 24 hours of incubation, trypsinized cells were designed for analysis through vitrification. In the lysate of the cell culture that was procured, Oxidative DNA damage, TAS, TSO, and OSI were measured by the spectrophotometric system with ELISA. Results: It was observed that 8-OHdG levels increased significantly with glucose application. Moreover, the increase in the HG+GSH group was more significant when compared to the control group (p≤0.05). No difference with the control group was found only in the group where GSH was applied. As for TAS, whereas any difference was observed in GSH used groups, the increase in the HG+GSH group was significant compared to the control group (p≤0.05). that were the same as the control group. TOS and OSI considerably increased in HG + GSH implemented groups as to the control group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, no protective impacts of glutathione at the cellular level in the doses mentioned above were observed on high-dose glucose implemented cells. On the other hand, it was revealed that the applied amounts of glutathione in the process did not cause any toxic effects.

This study presents various research methods and results analysis of the total antioxidant status (TAS), polyphenols content (PC) and vitamin C content in selected plant materials (vegetables) subjected to various technological processes, including sous-vide. The analysis included 22 vegetables (cauliflower white rose, romanesco type cauliflower, broccoli, grelo, col cabdell cv. pastoret, col lllombarda cv. pastoret, brussels sprouts, kale cv. crispa–leaves, kale cv. crispa–stem, toscana black cabbage, artichokes, green beans, asparagus, pumpkin, green peas, carrot, root parsley, brown teff, white teff, white cardoon stalks, red cardoon stalks and spinach) from 18 research papers published in 2017 to 2022. The results after processing by various methods such as conventional, steaming and sous-vide cooking were compared to the raw vegetable results. The antioxidant status was mainly determined by the radical DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods, the polyphenol content by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and the vitamin C content using dichlorophenolindophenol and liquid chromatography methods. The study results were very diverse, but in most studies, the cooking techniques contributed to reducing TAS, PC and vitamin C content, with the sous-vide process being most beneficial. However, future studies should focus on vegetables for which discrepancies in the results were noted depending on the author, as well as lack of clarity regarding the analytical methods used, e.g., cauliflower white rose or broccoli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques are widely utilized to study and improve cognitive function, with the aim of modulating different cognitive processes. For workers performing high-intensity mental and physical tasks, extreme fatigue may not only affect their working efficiency but may also lead to cognitive decline or cognitive impairment, which, in turn, poses a serious threat to their physical health. The use of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques has important research value for improving and enhancing cognitive function. In this paper, we review the research status, existing problems, and future prospects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcutaneous acupoint stimulation (TAS), which are the most studied physical methods in non-invasive neuromodulation techniques to improve and enhance cognition. The findings presented in this paper will be of great reference value for the in-depth study of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in the field of cognition.

We aimed to determine the potential damage mechanisms of exposure to widely used sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the effects of Thymus vulgaris on this exposure. Rats were divided into six groups: control, T. vulgaris, 4% NaOCl, 4% NaOCl + T. vulgaris, 15% NaOCl, and 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. Serum and lung tissue samples were taken after applying NaOCl and T. vulgaris by inhalation twice a day for 30 min for four weeks. The samples were examined biochemically (TAS/TOS), histopathologically, and immunohistochemically (TNF-α). In serum TOS values, the mean of 15% NaOCl was significantly higher than in 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. This was the opposite in terms of serum TAS values. Histopathologically, there was a significant increase in lung injury in 15% NaOCl; significant improvement was observed in 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. Immunohistochemically, there was a significant increase in TNF-α expression in both 4% NaOCl and 15% NaOCl; significant decreases were observed in both 4% NaOCl + T. vulgaris and 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. The use of sodium hypochlorite, which is harmful to the lungs and is widely used in homes and industries, should be limited. In addition, using T. vulgaris essential oil by inhalation may protect against the harmful effects of sodium hypochlorite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Breast cancer is one of the chief causes for escalating mortality among female athletes. Oxidative stress in a cell is evident due to surplus production of oxidants because of the hysterical functioning of the system that regulates them. One such secondary product produced due to oxidative stress is malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. To quench the effect of oxidants, an antioxidant system in the cell has a significant role. The imbalance between these two creates oxidative stress. Methods: The present study focused on assessing the oxidative stress ratio and evaluating the levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status (TAS) in breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Blood samples from breast cancer patients and age-matched controls (n= 30 each. MDA and TAS were estimated by pursuing Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) Assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay respectively. Results: The level of MDA in athletic patients was significantly higher (172.7 ± 81.4 nM/mL) than that of controls (77.9 ± 49.5 nM/mL) (p=0.009), whereas the level of TAS in the athletic patients (2551 ± 1298µM/L) was significantly lower to that of the controls (3631 ± 1123µM/L) (P=0.001). In addition, MDA and TAS levels correlated with respect to chemotherapy cycles in patients. Athletic Patients undertaking the final stage of chemotherapy treatment had shown reduced oxidative stress than the athletic patients in initial stage of chemotherapy, presenting a promising recovery pattern. Conclusion: The oxidative stress was evident in athletic patients but the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. Foods rich in antioxidants could elevate the health and morale of the athletic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD by interfering with the protease/antiprotease and oxidant/antioxidant balance. There is no adequate data about the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and FEV1 values in stable COPD patients. Prospective cohort study, designed in tertiary care chest disease hospitals' outpatient clinic. COPD patients were approved informed consent were included in the study. The total antioxidant status (TAS,), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), IL1 IL6, and TNFα levels were measured. The mean age of 33 COPD patients who joined the study was 61±9,32 years, while their average body mass index (BMI) was 27±4,31 kg/m2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, weight, smoking status and comorbidities. According to the results of the analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in TOS, TAS, oxidative stress index (OSI), TT, NT, DIS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα between the control and COPD patient groups (p [Med-Science 2022; 11(2.000): 770-74]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common diseases that starts in adolescence and is common in women of reproductive age. PCOS patients have menstrual dysfunction, signs of hyperandrogenism (such as hirsutism, acne), metabolic problems, increased cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress; It has high levels in patients with central obesity, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenicity. Human and animal studies on oxidative stress in insulin resistance in Turkey and in the world are insufficient. Based on this information, we aimed to obtain new data on the relationship between oxidative stress parameters, total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels, with obesity in adolescence with PCOS. Between 01.02.2021 and 01.02.2022, Amasya University Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Education and Research Hospital Preferred to Gynecology and Obstetrics outpatient clinics, four groups were created, 31 normal weight and 32 overweight/obese non-PCOS; 30 normal weight and 32 overweight/obese PCOS. Rotterdam criteria was used for PCOS diagnosis. Research permission and informed consent were obtained from all patients. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulant hormone (FSH), estrogen, progesterone, 17OH-progesterone (17OH-P), creatinine and hemogram levels. TAS, TOS and OSI were calculated with TAS and TOS kits and differences between groups were examined. Among the study groups, TT, 17OH-P, DHEA-S, WBC, CRP, ALT values, TAS, TOS and OSI were significantly higher in the obese and PCOS groups. While there is a strong correlation between TOS and OSI; there is a moderate degree between TAS and OSI. As part of the research, especially in the Obese/PCOS group patients, as the WBC value increased compared to other groups, TOS increased; TAS increased as CRP value increased; TOS increased as TT increased; As the ALT value increased, it was found that both TAS and TOS increased. A statistically significant difference in TOS and TAS values was found in the Obese/PCOS groups with Normal Weight/Normal Patient. A statistically significant difference in TAS values was found in the Obese/PCOS binary group comparison with Normal Weight/PCOS. In our study, we observed changes in TOS and OSI levels in overweight/obese and non-overweight/obese adolescences with PCOS and non-PCOS. An inflammatory process in obesity was found to be effective in pathology of adolescence PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss our research into the effects on student writing of giving sentence-level feedback at several stages in a scaffolded assignment in a large second year science course. Our results indicate that feedback that draws on the reader’s intuitive sense for writing, rather than on their technical grammatical knowledge, was the most popular choice for TAs assessing student work, and also led to the most revisions on the students’ parts. Accordingly, we argue that focusing on this more intuitive approach might be a fruitful strategy for TA training.

Vitiligo, the most widespread hypopigmentary syndrome, is considered to be a multifactorial disease in which the active melanocytes are lost. Vitiligo has been studied in a variety of ways, and several genes have been implicated. In this study we focused on investigating biomarker levels of TNF-α, MDA and TAS by using ELISA, and along with that mRNA expression levels of MIF, NLRP1 and FoxP3 genes were quantified with qRT-PCR. In expression studies, Non-segmental Generalized Vitiligo (NSV) subjects had a substantial (P

This case study aims at describing how transformative agreements (TAs) have affected our profession with new tasks and workflows at two university libraries in Sweden, namely Karolinska Institutet University Library and Södertörn University Library. TAs are one of the mechanisms by which scientific publications are made open access; they involve moving libraries' contracts with publishers from payment to read toward payment to publish. We will summarize the status and progress of open access in Sweden, in particular the significant growth of TAs over a short time span. We will then focus on describing how TAs have affected our everyday work and what new tasks they have imposed. We will share our experiences and point out things we find challenging, for example, we will explore questions about eligibility, the verification process, publication types and title changes during the contract period. We will also give some recommendations on how we would prefer the workflows surrounding the TAs to be. Finally, we will share our conclusions and comments about the impact of TAs on the publishing landscape and speculate about what will happen next. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mecmua is the property of MECMUA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main health care challenges associated with diabetic patients are glycemic control. Insulin defection has been regarded as the mainstay which needs to be tackled to avoid glucose over presence in the circulatory system. These challenges have always been conjoined with the patient's redox status, hence, oxidants/antioxidants determine the fate of pancreatic tissue status and they are reciprocally interrelated. Various remedies have been utilized by patients themselves and healthcare workers to control hyperglycemia if any. Herbal and pharmacological therapy were always being used hand in hand. Herein, we are demonstrating the antioxidant effect of propolis and its role in modulation of lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients using vitamin E for comparison in sequential mode i.e. vitamin E used for 8 weeks followed one-week washout period and then propolis therapy started in the same group of patients (n = 45). Thereby a sample of serum has been collected in the first visit (baseline and vitamin E started, followed by collecting serum after 8 weeks (second visit); followed by commencing of propolis after a washout week from the second visit, at the third visit another serum sample collected from all patients. Serum was analyzed for oxidant/antioxidant status represented by malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TAS). Additionally, lipid profile has been measured from the same samples. The results indicate that both propolis and vitamin E positively modulated the measured parameters with superiority of propolis over vitamin E in improving these measured biomolecules. To conclude, propolis is an overall safe natural product and is inducing such positive effects in the diabetic patient, we do advise these patients to start propolis therapy as an adjuvant medication to control these deleterious biomolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monolithic designation of "sphero-conical vessels," chosen to circumvent the long-standing modern debate around the function of these objects, does not satisfy the multiplicity of terms and uses that they had in the past. A munāẓara (disputation) by Zangi al-Bukhari titled "Dispute between the mavīzāb and the fuqqāʿ of the Iranians" (presented here in full translation) provides new insight into one such use, while also expanding our understanding of everyday life in late thirteenth–early fourteenth-century Baghdad. Drawing from this Persian work and from Arabic medieval cookery books, this essay connects the physical qualities of drinks and associated etiquettes of consumption to the materiality of surviving objects. Still raisin drinks were ladled from large metal bowls into smaller ones. Earthenware sphero-conical vessels, perhaps a group among those resembling pinecones, were used individually, to gulp down the foam of effervescent drinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the oxidant/antioxidant balance and proinflammatory status in amniotic fluids collected during cesarean section of patients diagnosed with abruptio placenta. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients diagnosed with ablatio placenta with intact membranes who went to emergency cesarean section were included in the study. A diagnosis of AP was made in those who had at least one of the following criteria or, in suspicious cases, two findings. (i) Antepartum hemorrhage starting after 20 weeks of gestation, (ii) presence of retroplacental hematoma on ultrasonography, (iii) severe fetal distress or death, (iv) localized or diffuse uterine tenderness or pain. The control group consisted of 25 patients who presented for delivery, who were not diagnosed with AP, and whose membranes were intact. NF-κB, total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (TOC/TAC=OSI) levels were measured in amniotic fluids collected during cesarean section from both groups. RESULTS: Amniotic fluid TAS values of the AP group were significantly lower than the healthy controls (1.14±0.33 vs. 9.05±3.40, p<0.01). Amniotic fluid TOS values were significantly increased in the AP group (36.1±8.10 vs. 11.4±2.77, p<0.02). OSI values were significantly higher in the AP group (31.6±9.03 vs. 1.26±0.02, p<0.01). Amniotic fluid NF-κB expression of the AP group was approximately 5 times higher than the control group (10.4±2.56 ng/mL vs. 1.86±0.30 ng/mL, p<0.01). High blood pressure and smoking history were significantly higher in the AP group. Gestational age and fetal birth weight of the AP group were lower than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Since the increase in amniotic fluid oxidant capacity and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis cannot be neutralized by the antioxidant system, hypoxic cell damage may lead to premature separation of the placenta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a promising photocathode candidate, tetragonal CuBi 2 O 4 (CBO) has been studied extensively in recent years. As an intrinsically p-type material, its acceptor sites originate from the cation vacancies, which are also a potential cause of hindered hole utilization in photocathodes. In this study, the ultrafast transport dynamics of the valence band hole states in CBO photocathodes were investigated by varying their atomic composition and manipulating the p-type character. As a comprehensive ultrafast optical transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) investigation of compositionally manipulated CBO that combines both ex situ and in situ TAS experiments with photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance tests, the study reveals the polaron formation tendencies of the valence band (VB) holes at cationic vacancy sites. Therefore, it draws a complete picture of the ultrafast hole transport dynamics and provides valuable insights into the hindrance of the photocurrent generated in CBO., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: This study aims to compare serum HMGB-1, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), TAS, TOS, and OSI levels in Wettype Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) patients and healthy controls to determine the correlation of these parameters with each other. Methods: Thirty patients with Wet-type Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) and 27 healthy adults, as controls were enrolled in the study. We determined the TAS and TOS levels in serum samples of both groups using commercial kits on a microplate reader. Serum HMGB-1 and 3-NT levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: HMGB-1 levels were significantly higher in the patient group (137.51 pg/mL, p=0.001), while there was no difference between the two groups in serum 3-NT levels (p = 0.428). A statistically significant difference found in the levels of TOS and OSI (p = 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively) between the patients and controls, however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of TAS levels (p = 0.228). Conclusions: Oxidative stress and HMGB-1 levels were increased in wAMD patients and enhanced oxidative stress may be associated with increased tissue necrosis and inflammation. Thus administration of antioxidant treatment in addition to routine therapy should be considered in wAMD.

Abstract Background Prototype foamy virus (PFV) is nonpathogenic complex retroviruses that express a transcriptional transactivator Tas, which is essential for the activity of viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter and internal promoter (IP). Tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (Trim28) is well known as a scaffold protein normally enriched in gene promoter region to repress transcription. We sought to determine if whether Trim28 could be enriched in PFV promoter region to participate the establishment of PFV latency infection. Results In this study, we show that Trim28 restricts Tas-dependent transactivation activity of PFV promoter and negatively regulates PFV replication. Trim28 was found to be enriched in LTR instead of IP promoter regions of PFV genome and contribute to the maintenance of histone H3K9me3 marks on the LTR promoter. Furthermore, Trim28 interacts with Tas and colocalizes with Tas in the nucleus. Besides, we found that Trim28, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, binds directly to and promotes Tas for ubiquitination and degradation. And the RBCC domain of Trim28 is required for the ubiquitination and degradation of Tas. Conclusions Collectively, our findings not only identify a host factor Trim28 negatively inhibits PFV replication by acting as transcriptional restriction factor enriched in viral LTR promoter through modulating H3K9me3 mark here, but also reveal that Trim28 mediated ubiquitin proteasome degradation of Tas as a mechanism underlying Trim28 restricts Tas-dependent transcription activity of PFV promoter and PFV replication. These findings provide new insights into the process of PFV latency establishment. Graphical Abstract

Foamy viruses are members of the Retroviridae family’s Spumaretrovirinae subfamily. They induce cell vacuolation and exhibit a foamy pathogenic impact after infecting cells. DACH1 (dachshund family transcription factor 1) is a crucial cytokine linked to tumor development, and is associated with the growth of many different malignant tumor cells. Additionally, DACH1 suppresses pancreatic cell proliferation and is involved in diabetes insulin signaling. Prototype foamy viruses (PFVs) were used for the investigation of the regulatory mechanism of FVs on cellular DACH1 expression. The results show that DACH1 expression in PFV-infected cells was inconsistent at both the transcriptional and protein levels. At the transcriptional level, DACH1 was significantly activated by PFV transactivator Tas, and dual-luciferase reporter gene tests, EMSA, and ChIP assays found a Tas response element of 21 nucleotides in the DACH1 promoter. PFV and Tas did not boost the levels of DACH1 protein in a manner consistent with the high levels of DACH1 transcription expression. It was noted that Tas increased the expression of the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PPM1E, causing PPM1E-mediated post-translational SUMOylation alterations of DACH1 to prompt DACH1 to degrade. The reason for DACH1 protein degradation is that DACH1 inhibits PFV replication. To sum up, these findings show that PFV upregulated the transcription of DACH1, while urging its protein into PPM1E-mediated SUMOylation, to eliminate the adverse effect of DACH1 overexpression of host cells on viral replication and promote virus survival.