78 results on '"Thomas Polak"'
Search Results
2. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to enhance fear extinction learning processes
- Author
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Lisa M. Cybinski, Aline Rabelo Evangelista, Angelika Erhardt-Lehmann, Jürgen Deckert, Thomas Polak, and Martin J. Herrmann
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Author Correction: Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores
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Itziar de Rojas, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Niccolo Tesi, Benjamin Grenier-Boley, Victor Andrade, Iris E. Jansen, Nancy L. Pedersen, Najada Stringa, Anna Zettergren, Isabel Hernández, Laura Montrreal, Carmen Antúnez, Anna Antonell, Rick M. Tankard, Joshua C. Bis, Rebecca Sims, Céline Bellenguez, Inés Quintela, Antonio González-Perez, Miguel Calero, Emilio Franco-Macías, Juan Macías, Rafael Blesa, Laura Cervera-Carles, Manuel Menéndez-González, Ana Frank-García, Jose Luís Royo, Fermin Moreno, Raquel Huerto Vilas, Miquel Baquero, Mónica Diez-Fairen, Carmen Lage, Sebastián García-Madrona, Pablo García-González, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Sergi Valero, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Abbe Ullgren, Adam C. Naj, Afina W. Lemstra, Alba Benaque, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Alberto Benussi, Alberto Rábano, Alessandro Padovani, Alessio Squassina, Alexandre de Mendonça, Alfonso Arias Pastor, Almar A. L. Kok, Alun Meggy, Ana Belén Pastor, Ana Espinosa, Anaïs Corma-Gómez, Angel Martín Montes, Ángela Sanabria, Anita L. DeStefano, Anja Schneider, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Anne Kinhult Ståhlbom, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Annette M. Hartmann, Annika Spottke, Arturo Corbatón-Anchuelo, Arvid Rongve, Barbara Borroni, Beatrice Arosio, Benedetta Nacmias, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Brian W. Kunkle, Camille Charbonnier, Carla Abdelnour, Carlo Masullo, Carmen Martínez Rodríguez, Carmen Muñoz-Fernandez, Carole Dufouil, Caroline Graff, Catarina B. Ferreira, Caterina Chillotti, Chandra A. Reynolds, Chiara Fenoglio, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Christopher Clark, Claudia Pisanu, Claudia L. Satizabal, Clive Holmes, Dolores Buiza-Rueda, Dag Aarsland, Dan Rujescu, Daniel Alcolea, Daniela Galimberti, David Wallon, Davide Seripa, Edna Grünblatt, Efthimios Dardiotis, Emrah Düzel, Elio Scarpini, Elisa Conti, Elisa Rubino, Ellen Gelpi, Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Emmanuelle Duron, Eric Boerwinkle, Evelyn Ferri, Fabrizio Tagliavini, Fahri Küçükali, Florence Pasquier, Florentino Sanchez-Garcia, Francesca Mangialasche, Frank Jessen, Gaël Nicolas, Geir Selbæk, Gemma Ortega, Geneviève Chêne, Georgios Hadjigeorgiou, Giacomina Rossi, Gianfranco Spalletta, Giorgio Giaccone, Giulia Grande, Giuliano Binetti, Goran Papenberg, Harald Hampel, Henri Bailly, Henrik Zetterberg, Hilkka Soininen, Ida K. Karlsson, Ignacio Alvarez, Ildebrando Appollonio, Ina Giegling, Ingmar Skoog, Ingvild Saltvedt, Innocenzo Rainero, Irene Rosas Allende, Jakub Hort, Janine Diehl-Schmid, Jasper Van Dongen, Jean-Sebastien Vidal, Jenni Lehtisalo, Jens Wiltfang, Jesper Qvist Thomassen, Johannes Kornhuber, Jonathan L. Haines, Jonathan Vogelgsang, Juan A. Pineda, Juan Fortea, Julius Popp, Jürgen Deckert, Katharina Buerger, Kevin Morgan, Klaus Fließbach, Kristel Sleegers, Laura Molina-Porcel, Lena Kilander, Leonie Weinhold, Lindsay A. Farrer, Li-San Wang, Luca Kleineidam, Lucia Farotti, Lucilla Parnetti, Lucio Tremolizzo, Lucrezia Hausner, Luisa Benussi, Lutz Froelich, M. Arfan Ikram, M. Candida Deniz-Naranjo, Magda Tsolaki, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Malin Löwenmark, Marc Hulsman, Marco Spallazzi, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Margaret Esiri, María Bernal Sánchez-Arjona, Maria Carolina Dalmasso, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, Marina Arcaro, Markus M. Nöthen, Marta Fernández-Fuertes, Martin Dichgans, Martin Ingelsson, Martin J. Herrmann, Martin Scherer, Martin Vyhnalek, Mary H. Kosmidis, Mary Yannakoulia, Matthias Schmid, Michael Ewers, Michael T. Heneka, Michael Wagner, Michela Scamosci, Miia Kivipelto, Mikko Hiltunen, Miren Zulaica, Montserrat Alegret, Myriam Fornage, Natalia Roberto, Natasja M. van Schoor, Nazib M. Seidu, Nerisa Banaj, Nicola J. Armstrong, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Norbert Scherbaum, Oliver Goldhardt, Oliver Hanon, Oliver Peters, Olivia Anna Skrobot, Olivier Quenez, Ondrej Lerch, Paola Bossù, Paolo Caffarra, Paolo Dionigi Rossi, Paraskevi Sakka, Patrizia Mecocci, Per Hoffmann, Peter A. Holmans, Peter Fischer, Peter Riederer, Qiong Yang, Rachel Marshall, Rajesh N. Kalaria, Richard Mayeux, Rik Vandenberghe, Roberta Cecchetti, Roberta Ghidoni, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Sandro Sorbi, Sara Hägg, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Seppo Helisalmi, Sigrid Botne Sando, Silke Kern, Silvana Archetti, Silvia Boschi, Silvia Fostinelli, Silvia Gil, Silvia Mendoza, Simon Mead, Simona Ciccone, Srdjan Djurovic, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Teodoro del Ser, Thibaud Lebouvier, Thomas Polak, Tiia Ngandu, Timo Grimmer, Valentina Bessi, Valentina Escott-Price, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Vincent Deramecourt, Wolfgang Maier, Xueqiu Jian, Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg, EADB contributors, DEGESCO consortium, IGAP (ADGC, CHARGE, EADI, GERAD), PGC-ALZ consortia, Patrick Gavin Kehoe, Guillermo Garcia-Ribas, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Pau Pastor, Jordi Pérez-Tur, Gerard Piñol-Ripoll, Adolfo Lopez de Munain, Jose María García-Alberca, María J. Bullido, Victoria Álvarez, Alberto Lleó, Luis M. Real, Pablo Mir, Miguel Medina, Philip Scheltens, Henne Holstege, Marta Marquié, María Eugenia Sáez, Ángel Carracedo, Philippe Amouyel, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Julie Williams, Sudha Seshadri, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Karen A. Mather, Raquel Sánchez-Valle, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, Adelina Orellana, Lluís Tárraga, Kaj Blennow, Martijn Huisman, Ole A. Andreassen, Danielle Posthuma, Jordi Clarimón, Mercè Boada, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Alfredo Ramirez, Jean-Charles Lambert, Sven J. van der Lee, and Agustín Ruiz
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Science - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores
- Author
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Itziar de Rojas, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Niccolo Tesi, Benjamin Grenier-Boley, Victor Andrade, Iris E. Jansen, Nancy L. Pedersen, Najada Stringa, Anna Zettergren, Isabel Hernández, Laura Montrreal, Carmen Antúnez, Anna Antonell, Rick M. Tankard, Joshua C. Bis, Rebecca Sims, Céline Bellenguez, Inés Quintela, Antonio González-Perez, Miguel Calero, Emilio Franco-Macías, Juan Macías, Rafael Blesa, Laura Cervera-Carles, Manuel Menéndez-González, Ana Frank-García, Jose Luís Royo, Fermin Moreno, Raquel Huerto Vilas, Miquel Baquero, Mónica Diez-Fairen, Carmen Lage, Sebastián García-Madrona, Pablo García-González, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Sergi Valero, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Abbe Ullgren, Adam C. Naj, Afina W. Lemstra, Alba Benaque, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Alberto Benussi, Alberto Rábano, Alessandro Padovani, Alessio Squassina, Alexandre de Mendonça, Alfonso Arias Pastor, Almar A. L. Kok, Alun Meggy, Ana Belén Pastor, Ana Espinosa, Anaïs Corma-Gómez, Angel Martín Montes, Ángela Sanabria, Anita L. DeStefano, Anja Schneider, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Anne Kinhult Ståhlbom, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Annette M. Hartmann, Annika Spottke, Arturo Corbatón-Anchuelo, Arvid Rongve, Barbara Borroni, Beatrice Arosio, Benedetta Nacmias, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Brian W. Kunkle, Camille Charbonnier, Carla Abdelnour, Carlo Masullo, Carmen Martínez Rodríguez, Carmen Muñoz-Fernandez, Carole Dufouil, Caroline Graff, Catarina B. Ferreira, Caterina Chillotti, Chandra A. Reynolds, Chiara Fenoglio, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Christopher Clark, Claudia Pisanu, Claudia L. Satizabal, Clive Holmes, Dolores Buiza-Rueda, Dag Aarsland, Dan Rujescu, Daniel Alcolea, Daniela Galimberti, David Wallon, Davide Seripa, Edna Grünblatt, Efthimios Dardiotis, Emrah Düzel, Elio Scarpini, Elisa Conti, Elisa Rubino, Ellen Gelpi, Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Emmanuelle Duron, Eric Boerwinkle, Evelyn Ferri, Fabrizio Tagliavini, Fahri Küçükali, Florence Pasquier, Florentino Sanchez-Garcia, Francesca Mangialasche, Frank Jessen, Gaël Nicolas, Geir Selbæk, Gemma Ortega, Geneviève Chêne, Georgios Hadjigeorgiou, Giacomina Rossi, Gianfranco Spalletta, Giorgio Giaccone, Giulia Grande, Giuliano Binetti, Goran Papenberg, Harald Hampel, Henri Bailly, Henrik Zetterberg, Hilkka Soininen, Ida K. Karlsson, Ignacio Alvarez, Ildebrando Appollonio, Ina Giegling, Ingmar Skoog, Ingvild Saltvedt, Innocenzo Rainero, Irene Rosas Allende, Jakub Hort, Janine Diehl-Schmid, Jasper Van Dongen, Jean-Sebastien Vidal, Jenni Lehtisalo, Jens Wiltfang, Jesper Qvist Thomassen, Johannes Kornhuber, Jonathan L. Haines, Jonathan Vogelgsang, Juan A. Pineda, Juan Fortea, Julius Popp, Jürgen Deckert, Katharina Buerger, Kevin Morgan, Klaus Fließbach, Kristel Sleegers, Laura Molina-Porcel, Lena Kilander, Leonie Weinhold, Lindsay A. Farrer, Li-San Wang, Luca Kleineidam, Lucia Farotti, Lucilla Parnetti, Lucio Tremolizzo, Lucrezia Hausner, Luisa Benussi, Lutz Froelich, M. Arfan Ikram, M. Candida Deniz-Naranjo, Magda Tsolaki, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Malin Löwenmark, Marc Hulsman, Marco Spallazzi, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Margaret Esiri, María Bernal Sánchez-Arjona, Maria Carolina Dalmasso, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, Marina Arcaro, Markus M. Nöthen, Marta Fernández-Fuertes, Martin Dichgans, Martin Ingelsson, Martin J. Herrmann, Martin Scherer, Martin Vyhnalek, Mary H. Kosmidis, Mary Yannakoulia, Matthias Schmid, Michael Ewers, Michael T. Heneka, Michael Wagner, Michela Scamosci, Miia Kivipelto, Mikko Hiltunen, Miren Zulaica, Montserrat Alegret, Myriam Fornage, Natalia Roberto, Natasja M. van Schoor, Nazib M. Seidu, Nerisa Banaj, Nicola J. Armstrong, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Norbert Scherbaum, Oliver Goldhardt, Oliver Hanon, Oliver Peters, Olivia Anna Skrobot, Olivier Quenez, Ondrej Lerch, Paola Bossù, Paolo Caffarra, Paolo Dionigi Rossi, Paraskevi Sakka, Per Hoffmann, Peter A. Holmans, Peter Fischer, Peter Riederer, Qiong Yang, Rachel Marshall, Rajesh N. Kalaria, Richard Mayeux, Rik Vandenberghe, Roberta Cecchetti, Roberta Ghidoni, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Sandro Sorbi, Sara Hägg, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Seppo Helisalmi, Sigrid Botne Sando, Silke Kern, Silvana Archetti, Silvia Boschi, Silvia Fostinelli, Silvia Gil, Silvia Mendoza, Simon Mead, Simona Ciccone, Srdjan Djurovic, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Teodoro del Ser, Thibaud Lebouvier, Thomas Polak, Tiia Ngandu, Timo Grimmer, Valentina Bessi, Valentina Escott-Price, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Vincent Deramecourt, Wolfgang Maier, Xueqiu Jian, Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg, EADB contributors, DEGESCO consortium, IGAP (ADGC, CHARGE, EADI, GERAD), PGC-ALZ consortia, Patrick Gavin Kehoe, Guillermo Garcia-Ribas, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Pau Pastor, Jordi Pérez-Tur, Gerard Piñol-Ripoll, Adolfo Lopez de Munain, Jose María García-Alberca, María J. Bullido, Victoria Álvarez, Alberto Lleó, Luis M. Real, Pablo Mir, Miguel Medina, Philip Scheltens, Henne Holstege, Marta Marquié, María Eugenia Sáez, Ángel Carracedo, Philippe Amouyel, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Julie Williams, Sudha Seshadri, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Karen A. Mather, Raquel Sánchez-Valle, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, Adelina Orellana, Lluís Tárraga, Kaj Blennow, Martijn Huisman, Ole A. Andreassen, Danielle Posthuma, Jordi Clarimón, Mercè Boada, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Alfredo Ramirez, Jean-Charles Lambert, Sven J. van der Lee, and Agustín Ruiz
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Science - Abstract
Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.
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- 2021
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5. Micronucleus frequency in buccal mucosa cells of patients with neurodegenerative diseases
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Hauke Reimann, Helga Stopper, Thomas Polak, Martin Lauer, Martin J. Herrmann, Jürgen Deckert, and Henning Hintzsche
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases show an increase in prevalence and incidence, with the most prominent example being Alzheimer’s disease. DNA damage has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis, but the exact mechanisms remain elusive. We enrolled 425 participants with and without neurodegenerative diseases and analyzed DNA damage in the form of micronuclei in buccal mucosa samples. In addition, other parameters such as binucleated cells, karyolytic cells, and karyorrhectic cells were quantified. No relevant differences in DNA damage and cytotoxicity markers were observed in patients compared to healthy participants. Furthermore, other parameters such as lifestyle factors and diseases were also investigated. Overall, this study could not identify a direct link between changes in buccal cells and neurogenerative diseases, but highlights the influence of lifestyle factors and diseases on the human buccal cytome.
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- 2020
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6. International Consensus Based Review and Recommendations for Minimum Reporting Standards in Research on Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Version 2020)
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Adam D. Farmer, Adam Strzelczyk, Alessandra Finisguerra, Alexander V. Gourine, Alireza Gharabaghi, Alkomiet Hasan, Andreas M. Burger, Andrés M. Jaramillo, Ann Mertens, Arshad Majid, Bart Verkuil, Bashar W. Badran, Carlos Ventura-Bort, Charly Gaul, Christian Beste, Christopher M. Warren, Daniel S. Quintana, Dorothea Hämmerer, Elena Freri, Eleni Frangos, Eleonora Tobaldini, Eugenijus Kaniusas, Felix Rosenow, Fioravante Capone, Fivos Panetsos, Gareth L. Ackland, Gaurav Kaithwas, Georgia H. O'Leary, Hannah Genheimer, Heidi I. L. Jacobs, Ilse Van Diest, Jean Schoenen, Jessica Redgrave, Jiliang Fang, Jim Deuchars, Jozsef C. Széles, Julian F. Thayer, Kaushik More, Kristl Vonck, Laura Steenbergen, Lauro C. Vianna, Lisa M. McTeague, Mareike Ludwig, Maria G. Veldhuizen, Marijke De Couck, Marina Casazza, Marius Keute, Marom Bikson, Marta Andreatta, Martina D'Agostini, Mathias Weymar, Matthew Betts, Matthias Prigge, Michael Kaess, Michael Roden, Michelle Thai, Nathaniel M. Schuster, Nicola Montano, Niels Hansen, Nils B. Kroemer, Peijing Rong, Rico Fischer, Robert H. Howland, Roberta Sclocco, Roberta Sellaro, Ronald G. Garcia, Sebastian Bauer, Sofiya Gancheva, Stavros Stavrakis, Stefan Kampusch, Susan A. Deuchars, Sven Wehner, Sylvain Laborde, Taras Usichenko, Thomas Polak, Tino Zaehle, Uirassu Borges, Vanessa Teckentrup, Vera K. Jandackova, Vitaly Napadow, and Julian Koenig
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transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation ,minimum reporting standards ,guidelines & recommendations ,transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation ,transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Given its non-invasive nature, there is increasing interest in the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) across basic, translational and clinical research. Contemporaneously, tVNS can be achieved by stimulating either the auricular branch or the cervical bundle of the vagus nerve, referred to as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(VNS) and transcutaneous cervical VNS, respectively. In order to advance the field in a systematic manner, studies using these technologies need to adequately report sufficient methodological detail to enable comparison of results between studies, replication of studies, as well as enhancing study participant safety. We systematically reviewed the existing tVNS literature to evaluate current reporting practices. Based on this review, and consensus among participating authors, we propose a set of minimal reporting items to guide future tVNS studies. The suggested items address specific technical aspects of the device and stimulation parameters. We also cover general recommendations including inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants, outcome parameters and the detailed reporting of side effects. Furthermore, we review strategies used to identify the optimal stimulation parameters for a given research setting and summarize ongoing developments in animal research with potential implications for the application of tVNS in humans. Finally, we discuss the potential of tVNS in future research as well as the associated challenges across several disciplines in research and clinical practice.
- Published
- 2021
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7. Augmentation of Fear Extinction by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
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Natalie Dittert, Sandrina Hüttner, Thomas Polak, and Martin J. Herrmann
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fear conditioning ,brain stimulation ,tDCS ,skin conduction response ,ventromedial prefrontal cortex ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; DSM-V 309.82) and anxiety disorders (DSM-V 300.xx) are widely spread mental disorders, the effectiveness of their therapy is still unsatisfying. Non-invasive brain-stimulation techniques like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) might be an option to improve extinction learning, which is a main functional factor of exposure-based therapy for anxiety disorders. To examine this hypothesis, we used a fear conditioning paradigm with female faces as conditioned stimuli (CS) and a 95-dB female scream as unconditioned stimulus (UCS). We aimed to perform a tDCS of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which is mainly involved in the control of extinction-processes. Therefore, we applied two 4 × 4 cm electrodes approximately at the EEG-positions F7 and F8 and used a direct current of 1.5 mA. The 20-min stimulation was started during a 10-min break between acquisition and extinction and went on overall extinction-trials. The healthy participants were randomly assigned in two double-blinded process into two sham stimulation and two verum stimulation groups with opposite current flow directions. To measure the fear reactions, we used skin conductance responses (SCR) and subjective ratings. We performed a generalized estimating equations model for the SCR to assess the impact of tDCS and current flow direction on extinction processes for all subjects that showed a successful conditioning (N = 84). The results indicate that tDCS accelerates early extinction processes with a significantly faster loss of CS+/CS– discrimination. The discrimination loss was driven by a significant decrease in reaction toward the CS+ as well as an increase in reaction toward the CS– in the tDCS verum groups, whereas the sham groups showed no significant reaction changes during this period. Therefore, we assume that tDCS of the vmPFC can be used to enhance early extinction processes successfully. But before it should be tested in a clinical context further investigation is needed to assess the reason for the reaction increase on CS–. If this negative side effect can be avoided, tDCS may be a tool to improve exposure-based anxiety therapies.
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- 2018
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8. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right inferior frontal gyrus attenuates skin conductance responses to unpredictable threat conditions
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Martin J. Herrmann, Jennifer Beier, Bibiane Simons, and Thomas Polak
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transcranial direct current stimulation ,emotional regulation ,right inferior frontal gyrus ,NPU ,sustained fear ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Patients with panic and post-traumatic stress disorders seem to show increased psychophysiological reactions to conditions of unpredictable threat, which has been discussed as a neurobiological marker of elevated levels of sustained fear in these disorders. Interestingly, a recent study found that the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is correlated to the successful regulation of sustained fear during unpredictable threat. Therefore this study aimed to examine the potential use of non-invasive brain stimulation to foster the rIFG by means of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in order to reduce psychophysiological reactions to unpredictable threat. 26 participants were randomly assigned into an anodal and sham stimulation group in a double-blinded manner. Anodal and cathodal electrodes (7*5 cm) were positioned right frontal to target the rIFG. Stimulation intensity was I = 2mA applied for 20 minutes during a task including unpredictable threat conditions (NPU-task). The effects of the NPU paradigm were measured by assessing the emotional startle modulation and the skin conductance response (SCR) at the outset of the different conditions. We found a significant interaction effect of Condition x tDCS for the SCR (F[2,48] = 6.3, p < 0.01) without main effects of Condition and tDCS. Post-hoc tests revealed that the increase in SCR from neutral to unpredictable condition was significantly reduced in verum compared to the sham tDCS group (t[24] = 3.84, p < 0.001). Our results emphasize the causal role of rIFG for emotional regulation and the potential use of tDCS to reduce apprehension during unpredictable threat conditions and therefore as a treatment for anxiety disorders.
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- 2016
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9. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Probe State- and Trait-Like Conditions in Chronic Tinnitus: A Proof-of-Principle Study
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Martin Schecklmann, Anette Giani, Sara Tupak, Berthold Langguth, Vincent Raab, Thomas Polak, Csanád Várallyay, Wilma Harnisch, Martin J. Herrmann, and Andreas J. Fallgatter
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Objective. Several neuroscience tools showed the involvement of auditory cortex in chronic tinnitus. In this proof-of-principle study we probed the capability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for the measurement of brain oxygenation in auditory cortex in dependence from chronic tinnitus and from intervention with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Methods. Twenty-three patients received continuous theta burst stimulation over the left primary auditory cortex in a randomized sham-controlled neuronavigated trial (verum = 12; placebo = 11). Before and after treatment, sound-evoked brain oxygenation in temporal areas was measured with fNIRS. Brain oxygenation was measured once in healthy controls (n=12). Results. Sound-evoked activity in right temporal areas was increased in the patients in contrast to healthy controls. Left-sided temporal activity under the stimulated area changed over the course of the trial; high baseline oxygenation was reduced and vice versa. Conclusions. By demonstrating that rTMS interacts with auditory evoked brain activity, our results confirm earlier electrophysiological findings and indicate the sensitivity of fNIRS for detecting rTMS induced changes in brain activity. Moreover, our findings of trait- and state-related oxygenation changes indicate the potential of fNIRS for the investigation of tinnitus pathophysiology and treatment response.
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- 2014
- Full Text
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10. Reduced parietal activation in participants with mild cognitive impairments during visual-spatial processing measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy
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Sophia Haberstumpf, Alexandra Seidel, Martin Lauer, Thomas Polak, Jürgen Deckert, and Martin J. Herrmann
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Spatial Processing ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,Alzheimer Disease ,Brain ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Biological Psychiatry ,Aged - Abstract
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) may be a suitable, simple, and cost-effective brain imaging technique for detecting divergent neuronal patterns at an early stage of neurodegeneration. In course of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD), a deficit in visual-spatial processing, located in the parietal cortex, is a reliable risk factor. Earlier, we established the application of the clock-hand-angle-discrimination task (ADT) during fNIRS to identify neuronal correlates of the visual-spatial processing in a healthy elderly sample. In this analysis, we aimed to measure and find out differences in the hemodynamic response in MCI participants compared to matched healthy controls. As expected, MCI participants showed more errors over all conditions of pointer length and a higher reaction time in the long and middle pointer length condition. Moreover, results revealed a significant reduction of cortical activation in MCI patients. There was a generally increased activity in both the right as compared to the left hemisphere and the superior parietal brain region as compared to the inferior parietal brain region in both groups. In summary, fNIRS can be implemented in the measurement of visual-spatial processing in MCI patients and healthy elderly based on ADT. MCI participants had difficulties to cope with the ADT. Since neuronal hypoactivity occurs with concomitant behavioral deficits, an additional analysis was performed on a subgroup of MCI patients who performed as well as the control group in behavior. This subgroup analysis also showed a hypoactivation of the parietal cortex, without evidence of a compensatory activation. Therefore, we assume that MCI patients are characterized by a deficit in the parietal cortex. Overall, these findings confirm our hypothesis that hemodynamic deficits in visual-spatial processing, localized in the parietal cortex, are reliable and early diagnostic markers for cognitive decline in risk groups for the development of AD.
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- 2022
11. Evidence and expert consensus based German guidelines for the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression
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Thomas E. Schlaepfer, R Hurlemann, H Ullrich, Katrin Sakreida, Frank Padberg, Berthold Langguth, J Höppner-Buchmann, Ulrich Palm, Michael Grözinger, Thomas Nickl-Jockschat, C Nunhofer, B Lugmayer, Daniel Kamp, Tobias Hebel, Michael Landgrebe, Peter Eichhammer, Joachim Cordes, M Lammers, Peter Zwanzger, Bettina H. Bewernick, Malek Bajbouj, C Mielacher, Sarah Kayser, N Freundlieb, J. Kuhn, Thomas Polak, Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona, J Di Pauli, Goeran Hajak, Timm B. Poeppl, C Silberbauer, David Zilles-Wegner, Alexander Sartorius, Martin Schecklmann, B Kis, Peter M. Kreuzer, and K Brinkmann
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,medicine.medical_treatment ,MEDLINE ,German ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacotherapy ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depression ,business.industry ,Expert consensus ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Antidepressive Agents ,language.human_language ,3. Good health ,030227 psychiatry ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,stomatognathic diseases ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,language ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offer a promising alternative to psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments for depression. This paper aims to present a practical guide for its clinical implementation based on evidence from the literature as well as on the experience of a group of leading German experts in the field.The current evidence base for the use of rTMS in depression was examined via review of the literature. From the evidence and from clinical experience, recommendations for the use of rTMS in clinical practice were derived. All members of the of the German Society for Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry and all members of the sections Clinical Brain Stimulation and Experimental Brain Stimulation of the German Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Mental Health were invited to participate in a poll on whether they consent with the recommendations.Among rTMS experts, a high consensus rate could be identified for clinical practice concerning the setting and the technical parameters of rTMS treatment in depression, indications and contra-indications, the relation of rTMS to other antidepressive treatment modalities and the frequency and management of side effects.
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- 2021
12. Factors associated with dropout in the longitudinal Vogel study of cognitive decline
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Martin J. Herrmann, Martin Lauer, Jürgen Deckert, Jonas Leinweber, Thomas Polak, and Sophia Haberstumpf
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Gerontology ,Multivariate analysis ,General Neuroscience ,Cognition ,Neuropsychological Tests ,medicine.disease ,Cohort Studies ,Alzheimer Disease ,Cohort ,Disease Progression ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Longitudinal Studies ,Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ,Cognitive decline ,Psychology ,Dropout (neural networks) ,Aged ,Multinomial logistic regression - Abstract
Dementia, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is a growing problem worldwide. Prevention or early detection of the disease or a prodromal cognitive decline is necessary. By means of our long-term follow-up "Vogel Study", we aim to predict the pathological cognitive decline of a German cohort (mean age was 73.9 ± 1.55 years at first visit) with three measurement time points within 6 years per participant. Especially in samples of the elderly and subjects with chronic or comorbid diseases, dropouts are one of the biggest problems of long-term studies. In contrast to the large number of research articles conducted on the course of dementia, little research has been done on the completion of treatment. To ensure unbiased and reliable predictors of cognitive decline from study completers, our objective was to determine predictors of dropout. We conducted multivariate analyses of (co-)variance (MANCOVAs) and multinomial logistic regression analyses to compare and predict the subject's dropout behavior at the second visit 3 years after baseline (full participation, partial participation, no participation/dropout) with neuropsychiatric, cognitive, blood, and lifestyle variables. Lower performance in declarative memory, attention, and visual-spatial processing predicted dropout rather than full participation. Lower performance in visual-spatial processing predicted partial participation as opposed to full participation. Furthermore, lower performance in Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) predicted whether subjects dropped out or participated partially instead of full participation. Baseline cognitive parameters are associated with dropouts at follow-up with a loss of impaired participants. We expect a bias into a healthier sample over time.
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- 2021
13. Agents for Treatment of Withdrawal and Dependency: Varenicline
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Christian C. Jacob and Thomas Polak
- Published
- 2022
14. Behandlung von riskantem, schädlichem und abhängigem Alkoholgebrauch
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Falk Kiefer, Sabine Hoffmann, Julia Arens, Martin Beutel, Oliver Bilke-Hentsch, Gallus Bischof, Udo Bonnet, Jan Malte Bumb, Ralf Demmel, Silke Diestelkamp, Patric Driessen, Isabel Englert, Ursula Fennen, Heribert Fleischmann, Jennis Freyer-Adam, Wilma Funke, Dieter Geyer, Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, Renate Hannak-Zeltner, Barbara Hansen, Ursula Havemann-Reinecke, Derik Hermann, Eva Hoch, Werner Höhl, Susann Hößelbarth, Kristin Hupfer, Julia Jückstock, Marianne Klein, Andreas Koch, Joachim Köhler, Michael Köhnke, Anne Koopmann, Oliver Kreh, Monika Krönes, Dietmar Kramer, Georg Kremer, Timo Krüger, Nikolaus Lange, Bodo Lieb, Johannes Lindenmeyer, Mathias Luderer, Karl Mann, Peter Missel, Sebastian Mueller, Michael Müller-Mohnssen, Corinna Nels-Lindemann, Tim Neumann, Thomas Polak, Ulrich W. Preuss, Olaf Reis, Gerhard Reymann, Monika Ridinger, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, Peter-Michael Sack, Ingo Schäfer, Martin Schäfer, Norbert Scherbaum, Ariane Schulte, Welf Schroeder, Manfred Singer, Michael Soyka, Rainer Thomasius, Clemens Veltrup, Monika Vogelgesang, Irmgard Vogt, Marc Walter, Tillmann Weber, Georg Weil, Bernd Wessel, Tina Wessels, Klaudia Winkler, Nadja Wirth, Arnold Wieczorek, Norbert Wodarz, and Dirk Wolter
- Published
- 2022
15. Behandlung von schädlichem und abhängigem Tabakkonsum
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Stefan Andreas, Anil Batra, Dörthe Brüggmann, Dieter Geyer, Helmut Gohlke, Thomas Hering, Andreas Jähne, Julia Jückstock, Marianne Klein, Daniel Kotz, Christoph Kröger, Timo Krüger, Michael Kölch, Evelyn Lesta, Johannes Lindenmeyer, Peter Lindinger, Ute Mons, Stephan Mühlig, Tim Neumann, Kay Uwe Petersen, Thomas Polak, Ulrich W. Preuss, Martina Pötschke-Langer, Christa Rustler, Tobias Rüther, Sophie Luise Schiller, Christiane Schwarz, Cornelie Schweizer, Rainer Thomasius, Sabina Ulbricht, and Clemens Veltrup
- Published
- 2022
16. Neural response to reward anticipation is modulated by Gray's impulsivity.
- Author
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Tim Hahn, Thomas Dresler, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Michael M. Plichta, Sebastian Heinzel, Thomas Polak, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Felix Breuer, Peter M. Jakob, and Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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17. Measurement invariance testing of longitudinal neuropsychiatric test scores distinguishes pathological from normative cognitive decline and highlights its potential in early detection research
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Sophia Haberstumpf, André Forster, Jonas Leinweber, Stefanie Rauskolb, Johannes Hewig, Michael Sendtner, Martin Lauer, Thomas Polak, Jürgen Deckert, and Martin J. Herrmann
- Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Alzheimer Disease ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Longitudinal Studies ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Aged - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing challenge worldwide, which is why the search for early-onset predictors must be focused as soon as possible. Longitudinal studies that investigate courses of neuropsychological and other variables screen for such predictors correlated to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, one often neglected issue in analyses of such studies is measurement invariance (MI), which is often assumed but not tested for. This study uses the absence of MI (non-MI) and latent factor scores instead of composite variables to assess properties of cognitive domains, compensation mechanisms, and their predictability to establish a method for a more comprehensive understanding of pathological cognitive decline.An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a set of increasingly restricted confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to find latent factors, compared them with the composite approach, and to test for longitudinal (partial-)MI in a neuropsychiatric test battery, consisting of 14 test variables. A total of 330 elderly (mean age: 73.78 ± 1.52 years at baseline) were analyzed two times (3 years apart).EFA revealed a four-factor model representing declarative memory, attention, working memory, and visual-spatial processing. Based on CFA, an accurate model was estimated across both measurement timepoints. Partial non-MI was found for parameters such as loadings, test- and latent factor intercepts as well as latent factor variances. The latent factor approach was preferable to the composite approach.The overall assessment of non-MI latent factors may pose a possible target for this field of research. Hence, the non-MI of variances indicated variables that are especially suited for the prediction of pathological cognitive decline, while non-MI of intercepts indicated general aging-related decline. As a result, the sole assessment of MI may help distinguish pathological from normative aging processes and additionally may reveal compensatory neuropsychological mechanisms.
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- 2021
18. Author response for 'Factors associated with dropout in the longitudinal Vogel Study of cognitive decline'
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Thomas Polak, Martin J. Herrmann, Jürgen Deckert, Jonas Leinweber, Martin Lauer, and Sophia Haberstumpf
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Cognitive decline ,Psychology ,Dropout (neural networks) ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2021
19. Nicht invasive Hirnstimulation und Furchtextinktion
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Andreas Mühlberger, Martin J. Herrmann, Jürgen Deckert, Ann-Christine Ehlis, and Thomas Polak
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Family Practice ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030227 psychiatry - Abstract
ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGegenstand und Ziel: Obwohl stress- und angstbedingte Störungen weit verbreitet sind, ist die Wirksamkeit entsprechender therapeutischer Maßnahmen nicht optimal. In jüngster Zeit wurde in einer Reihe von Studien der zusätzliche Nutzen einer nicht invasiven Hirnstimulation (NIBS) bei der Psychotherapie von Angsterkrankungen untersucht. Um die Effektivität der Hirnstimulation in Kombination mit einer Psychotherapieweiter zu verbessern, ist es notwendig, die Modulation von therapierelevanten Lernprozessen besser zu verstehen.Material und Methode: In diesem systematischen Review werden die Studien dargestellt, die eine Modulation der Furchtextinktion beim Menschen mittels NIBS untersuchen.Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 7 Studien identifiziert und analysiert werden, die entweder die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) oder die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) bei der Furchtextinktion verwenden.Schlussfolgerungen: Das Review zeigt, dass mittels NIBS das Extinktionslernen verbessert werden kann. Die Übertragung dieser Ergebnisse in klinische Studien wurde bereits begonnen, sodass damit zu rechnen ist, dass in den nächsten Jahren genauere Informationen zu den optimalen Stimulationsparametern vorliegen.
- Published
- 2019
20. Nichtinvasive Hirnstimulation in Kombination mit Psychotherapie bei Angsterkrankungen
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Thomas Polak, Stefan Unterecker, Lisa M. Cybinski, Martin J. Herrmann, and Jürgen Deckert
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Gynecology ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Obgleich Angsterkrankungen sehr gut mithilfe der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) behandelt werden konnen, profitiert ein Teil der Patienten nicht optimal von der Therapie. In den letzten Jahren wurden nichtinvasive Hirnstimulationsverfahren („noninvasive brain stimulation“, NIBS) als „add-on“ zur Psychotherapie untersucht. Gibt es ausreichende Evidenz fur den Einsatz von NIBS als Erganzung zur Psychotherapie bei Patienten mit Angsterkrankungen? Systematisches Review zu bisherigen Therapiestudien, die NIBS-Verfahren begleitend zur KVT bei Angsterkrankungen uberprufen. Insgesamt konnten 4 randomisierte kontrollierte Therapiestudien gefunden und analysiert werden. Diese Arbeiten verwenden die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) kurz vor oder wahrend einer expositionsbasierten Verhaltenstherapie. Der Einsatz einer aktiven Stimulation im Vergleich zu einer Placebostimulation geht mit einem positiven zusatzlichen Effekt im mittleren Bereich und einer durchschnittlichen Effektstarke von f = 0,3 einher. Erste Arbeiten zeigen einen zusatzlichen Nutzen der rTMS in Kombination mit KVT bei der Behandlung von Angsterkrankungen. In weiteren Studien muss aber gepruft werden, welche genauen Stimulationsparameter am besten geeignet sind, um eine Empfehlung fur die Behandlungspraxis abgeben zu konnen.
- Published
- 2019
21. Nicotine Replacement Therapy
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Thomas Polak and Christian C. Jacob
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business.industry ,Anesthesia ,Medicine ,Nicotine replacement therapy ,business - Published
- 2021
22. Neuronal correlates of the visual-spatial processing measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy in healthy elderly individuals
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Martin Lauer, Jürgen Deckert, Thomas Polak, Martin J. Herrmann, Sophia Haberstumpf, and Alexandra Seidel
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Brain activity and meditation ,Haemodynamic response ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Posterior parietal cortex ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Disease ,050105 experimental psychology ,Lateralization of brain function ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Spatial Processing ,Neuroimaging ,Alzheimer Disease ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Pathological ,Aged ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,Functional near-infrared spectroscopy ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are a globally rising issue. It is necessary to detect such diseases early to find strategies for prevention. Typically, patients with MCI or AD show deviant neuronal patterns, which could be detected early through brain imaging techniques enabling assumptions about pre-existing diseases. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an appropriate imaging method because of its easy and economical nature with hardly any drawbacks. An early measurable risk factor indicating neurodegenerative processes could be a deficit in visual-spatial processing, which is localized in the parietal cortex. In this study, we aimed to measure the hemodynamic response of the visual-spatial processing in the healthy elderly participants of our long-term Vogel Study with fNIRS during the clock-hand-angle-discrimination task (ADT) to deepen our understanding of healthy brain mechanisms. Our results revealed for our healthy sample a significantly increased neuronal brain activity with increasing task difficulties, namely from the long to the middle to the short clock hand during ADT and significantly higher activation in the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere as well as in the superior parietal cortex compared to the inferior parietal cortex. Additionally, our behavioral data demonstrated longer reaction times and more errors with an increasing task requirement. We, therefore, assume that visual-spatial processing can successfully be operationalized with fNIRS for healthy elderly people based on ADT. Further fNIRS analyses are planned to investigate pathological neuronal correlates of visual-spatial function in MCI or AD study participants.
- Published
- 2020
23. Can smoking cessation be taught online? A prospective study comparing e-learning and role-playing in medical education
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Elias, Lauerer, Elena, Tiedemann, Thomas, Polak, and Anne, Simmenroth
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Medical education ,Education, Medical ,education ,objective structured clinical examination ,Humans ,Smoking Cessation ,Prospective Studies ,Role Playing ,E-Learning and Role-Playing in Medical Education ,e-learning ,Computer-Assisted Instruction ,Original Research - Abstract
Objectives We compared the effect of different didactic formats - e - learning and role-playing - on medical students' knowledge and counselling skills in smoking cessation training. Methods At a German medical school, 145 third-year students were randomly allocated to attend an online course with video examples or an attendance course with role-playing. Students were trained in smoking cessation counselling according to the 5A's (ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange) for approximately 90 minutes. Practical skills were measured in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and represent the primary endpoint of this prospective comparative study. Additionally, changes in theoretic knowledge were assessed by pre - and post - interventional questionnaires and a final written exam. Results In the OSCE, overall scores were higher in the attendance group (Mdn=70.8 % vs. 62.8 %; U=119; p=.087, n=36), but a statistical advantage was only found in one single counselling sequence (“Assist”: Mdn=66.7 % vs. 51.4 %; p = .049) and the rating of the standardised patients (M=4.7 vs. 4.2 out of 5 points, t(27.836)=2.0, p=.028). Students’ results (n=130) from self-assessment and written exams suggest that both approaches are equally well suited to increase theoretical knowledge. The online course was more time efficient (90 vs. 73 minutes). Conclusions Seminar and web-based training seem equally well suited for transferring knowledge and skills on tobacco cessation counselling. Considering their particular strengths, these two teaching approaches could be combined.
- Published
- 2020
24. Agents for Treatment of Withdrawal and Dependency: Varenicline
- Author
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Thomas Polak and Christian Jacob
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dependency (UML) ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Varenicline ,business ,Psychiatry - Published
- 2020
25. Decreased hemodynamic response in inferior frontotemporal regions in elderly with mild cognitive impairment
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Thomas Polak, Andrea Katzorke, Julia B. M. Zeller, Martin Lauer, Jürgen Deckert, Martin J. Herrmann, and Laura D. Müller
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Speech production ,Haemodynamic response ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Humans ,Medicine ,Dementia ,Verbal fluency test ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cerebral Cortex ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Prodromal Stage ,Hemodynamics ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Cerebrovascular Circulation ,Cardiology ,Functional near-infrared spectroscopy ,Female ,business ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The verbal fluency task (VFT) is a well-established cognitive marker for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer´s dementia (AD). The behavioral VFT performance of patients allows the prediction of dementia two years later. But effective compensatory mechanism might cover or reduce the predictive value of the VFT. Therefore the aim of this study is to measure the hemodynamic response during VFT in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to establish the hemodynamic response during the VFT as a screening instrument for the prediction of dementia. One method which allows measuring the hemodynamic response during speech production without severe problems with moving artifacts like in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). It is optimal as a screening instrument, as it is easy to apply and without any contraindications. In this study we assessed the hemodynamic response in prefrontal and temporal regions in patients with MCI as well as matched healthy controls with fNIRS. We found a decreased hemodynamic response in the inferior frontotemporal cortex for the MCI group. Our results indicate that a frontotemporal decreased hemodynamic response could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for dementia.
- Published
- 2018
26. Relevance of Dorsolateral and Frontotemporal Cortex on the Phonemic Verbal Fluency – A fNIRS-Study
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Martin J. Herrmann, Mira T. Möll, Thomas Polak, Anna K. Horst, Andrea Katzorke, and Sophia Löble
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Brain activity and meditation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Stimulation ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,050105 experimental psychology ,Executive Function ,Hemoglobins ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phonetics ,Cortex (anatomy) ,medicine ,Humans ,Verbal fluency test ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Prefrontal cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,Transcranial direct-current stimulation ,Verbal Behavior ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Electroencephalography ,Temporal Lobe ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oxyhemoglobins ,Brain stimulation ,Female ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation is widely used to investigate and manipulate specific brain functions to broaden knowledge about healthy people, and also to provide for a potential treatment option for people with various psychopathological disorders that do not adequately benefit from traditional treatments. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully investigated yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether we could alter the brain activity during a test for executive functioning. Therefore, we measured the activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) while applying bilateral anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS, 1 mA) to the left and right dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) during the phonemic part of the verbal fluency test (VFT). A total of 61 young and healthy participants were divided into three groups: left anodal/right cathodal, left cathodal/right anodal stimulation or sham. All participants performed the letter-cued part of the VFT and a control task. Brain activation was simultaneously measured using NIRS. We found only the frontotemporal cortex (FTC) but not the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to be activated. Furthermore, stimulating the DLPFC bilaterally by tDCS showed no significant differences between the three different groups when performing the VFT, neither in performance nor in cortical activation. Instead, we found a significant increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin [HHb] while performing the control task in the left anodal/right cathodal stimulation group compared to sham. Interestingly, also an influence on the mood of our participants was observed. These results are of importance especially regarding a better understanding of the influence of the dlPFC on the VFT.
- Published
- 2017
27. 1-Hz rTMS in the treatment of tinnitus: A sham-controlled, randomized multicenter trial
- Author
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Tobias Kleinjung, Jacqueline Höppner, Joachim Cordes, Astrid Lehner, Elmar Frank, Frank Padberg, Rene Haker, Martin Schecklmann, Erika Graf, Peter M. Kreuzer, Göran Hajak, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Thomas Polak, Philipp Klupp, Berthold Langguth, Michael Koller, Thomas Kammer, Timm B. Pöppl, Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Thomas Klenzner, Michael Landgrebe, and Stefan Wolf
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Biophysics ,law.invention ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Placebos ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tinnitus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Evidence-based psychiatry ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Multicenter trial ,medicine ,Humans ,Neurostimulation ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Adverse effect ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Auditory Cortex ,Temporal cortex ,Depression ,General Neuroscience ,Auditory phantom perception ,Middle Aged ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Temporal Lobe ,Confidence interval ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Treatment Outcome ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RCT ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background Chronic tinnitus is a frequent, difficult to treat disease with high morbidity. Objective This multicenter randomized, sham-controlled trial investigated the efficacy and safety of 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left temporal cortex in patients with chronic tinnitus. Methods Tinnitus patients were randomized to receive 10 sessions of either real or sham 1-Hz-rTMS (2000 stimuli, 110% motor threshold) to the left temporal cortex. The primary outcome was the change in the sum score of the tinnitus questionnaire (TQ) of Goebel and Hiller from baseline to end of treatment. Results A total of 163 patients were enrolled in the study (real rTMS: 75; sham rTMS: 78). At day 12, the baseline mean of 43.1 TQ points in 71 patients assigned to real rTMS changed by −0.5 points; it changed by 0.5 points from a baseline of 42.1 in 75 patients randomized to sham rTMS (adjusted mean difference between groups: −1.0; 95.19% confidence interval: −3.2 to 1.2; p = 0.36). All secondary outcome measures including measures of depression and quality of life showed no significant differences either (p > 0.11). The number of participants with side-effects or adverse events did not differ between groups. Conclusion Real 1-Hz-rTMS over the left temporal cortex was well tolerated but not superior compared with sham rTMS in improving tinnitus severity. These findings are in contrast to results from studies with smaller sample sizes and put the efficacy of this rTMS protocol for treatment of chronic tinnitus into question. Trial Registration Controlled Trials: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89848288 .
- Published
- 2017
28. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex increases attention to visual target stimuli
- Author
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Andreas Mühlberger, Nina Vierheilig, Thomas Polak, and Martin J. Herrmann
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Photic Stimulation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Emotions ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Electroencephalography ,Emotional processing ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,Functional Laterality ,050105 experimental psychology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Prefrontal cortex ,Biological Psychiatry ,Analysis of Variance ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Transcranial direct-current stimulation ,05 social sciences ,Functional imaging ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Both functional imaging or EEG studies and studies including neurological patients found the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dLPFC) to be an important brain area for the processing of emotion and attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether emotion and attention can be modulated through bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dLPFC. Therefore, we measured electroencephalographic occipital (early posterior negativity, EPN) and parietal ERPs (late positive potential, LPP) during an emotional picture viewing paradigm with an additional attentional instruction while applying bilateral anodal and cathodal tDC-stimulation to the left and right dLPFC. Beyond the well-known emotion and attention effects for both EPN and LPP, we found that left cathodal/right anodal tDCS leads to increased LPP amplitudes to target stimuli. In contrast to our hypothesis bilateral tDCS over the dLPFC did not influence emotional processing.
- Published
- 2016
29. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex reduces cue-reactivity in alcohol-dependent patients
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Martin J. Herrmann, Katharina Wietschorke, Thomas Polak, Julian Lippold, and Christian Jacob
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Visual Analog Scale ,Brain activity and meditation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Emotions ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Stimulation ,Craving ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Prefrontal cortex ,Biological Psychiatry ,Transcranial direct-current stimulation ,Electromyography ,Alcohol dependence ,Extinction (psychology) ,Middle Aged ,030227 psychiatry ,Alcoholism ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Cue reactivity ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cues ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Alcohol craving has been shown to be an important factor for relapses in alcohol-dependent patients. Furthermore, brain activity in reward-related areas in response to alcohol-related cues is positively related to the amount of post-relapse alcohol consumption. On the other hand, it has been shown that cue-exposure based extinction training (CET) leads to larger decrease of striatal and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dLPFC) cue-induced activation compared to standard clinical day-care treatment, but the effect sizes are relatively small. The question of this study was, whether it is possible to change cue-reactivity and subjective craving by applying bilateral prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We stimulated 30 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (50 % with a sham and 50 % with left cathodal/right anodal stimulation) and presented emotional as well as alcohol-related pictures. We measured the emotional startle modulation and found significantly increased startle amplitudes in the verum stimulation condition for alcohol-related cues, indicating a more negative processing of this cues in alcohol-dependent patients after verum tDCS stimulation. Additionally we found tendencies for stronger reduction in subjective craving in verum-stimulated patients. Therefore our study underscores the positive value of DCS in reducing craving and might help to improve the understanding and therapy of alcohol dependence.
- Published
- 2016
30. Reduced spontaneous low frequency oscillations as measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy in mild cognitive impairment
- Author
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Jürgen Deckert, Laura D. Müller, Julia B. M. Zeller, Judith Breunig, Florian B. Haeussinger, Martin Lauer, Bodo Warrings, Thomas Polak, Martin J. Herrmann, and Andrea Katzorke
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Periodicity ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Rest ,Posterior parietal cortex ,Neuroimaging ,Audiology ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Autoregulation ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Cognitive decline ,Cognitive impairment ,Neuroradiology ,Aged ,Cerebral Cortex ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Neuropsychology ,Middle Aged ,Functional imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Oxyhemoglobins ,Functional near-infrared spectroscopy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Spontaneous low frequency oscillations (LFO) in functional imaging data have gained increased interest in the study of cognitive decline. Persons diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) display alterations in their amount of LFO in various brain regions. This is commonly interpreted as disruptions in the autoregulation of the cerebral microvascular system. In the present study LFO (0,07–0,11 Hz) were measured with 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in 61 healthy elderly persons (70–76 years), 54 MCI subjects (70–76 years) and 25 healthy young controls (21–48 years) during rest over the frontal and the parietal cortex. Both MCI and healthy elderly controls showed less LFO in the frontal cortex as compared to young subjects. For the parietal cortex a decrease in LFO could be observed for the MCI group in comparison to healthy elderly subjects. Correlations of more LFO with worse performance in neuropsychological tests point to compensatory processes. LFO measured with NIRS might be especially suited for longitudinal studies aiming at predicting cognitive decline.
- Published
- 2018
31. TDCS increases activity in the frontotemporal cortex
- Author
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M. Möll, Andrea Katzorke, Martin J. Herrmann, A.K. Troeller, S. Löble, and Thomas Polak
- Subjects
medicine.anatomical_structure ,Chemistry ,General Neuroscience ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Biophysics ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neuroscience ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,lcsh:RC321-571 - Published
- 2017
32. Reduced Activity in the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Elderly APOE-E4 Carriers during a Verbal Fluency Task
- Author
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Martin J. Herrmann, Andreas Reif, Jürgen Deckert, Julia B. M. Zeller, Laura D. Müller, Andrea Katzorke, Thomas Polak, and Martin Lauer
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Right inferior frontal gyrus ,near-infrared spectroscopy ,Haemodynamic response ,Audiology ,elderly ,050105 experimental psychology ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Fluency ,0302 clinical medicine ,Left middle frontal gyrus ,medicine ,Verbal fluency test ,apolipoprotein-E4 ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,ddc:610 ,verbal fluency task ,Biological Psychiatry ,05 social sciences ,Healthy elderly ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Genetic risk factor ,Psychology ,Alzheimer’s disease ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Apolipoprotein-E4 (APOE-E4) is a major genetic risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The verbal fluency task (VFT), especially the subtask category fluency, has shown to provide a good discrimination between cognitively normal controls and subjects with AD. Interestingly, APOE-E4 seems to have no effect on the behavioral performance during a VFT in healthy elderly. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to reveal possible compensation mechanisms by investigating the effect of APOE-E4 on the hemodynamic response in non-demented elderly during a VFT by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We compared performance and hemodynamic response of high risk APOE-E4/E4, -E3/E4 carriers with neutral APOE-E3/E3 non-demented subjects (N = 288; 70–77 years). No difference in performance was found. APOE-E4/E4, -E3/E4 carriers had a decreased hemodynamic response in the right inferior frontal junction (IFJ) with a corresponding higher response in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) during category fluency. Performance was correlated with the hemodynamic response in the MFG. We assume a compensation of decreased IFJ brain activation by utilizing the MFG during category fluency and thus resulting in no behavioral differences between APOE-groups during the performance of a VFT.
- Published
- 2017
33. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials (VSEP) in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: rationale, design, methods, and first baseline data of the Vogel study
- Author
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Julia B. M. Zeller, Martin J. Herrmann, Erik Weinmann, Andrea Katzorke, Martin Lauer, Matthias Fischer, Fabian Spielmann, Thomas Polak, Laura D. Müller, Jürgen Deckert, Leif Hommers, and Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Neurology ,Glycated Hemoglobin A ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Severity of Illness Index ,0302 clinical medicine ,Germany ,metabolism [Glycated Hemoglobin] ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Longitudinal Studies ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,diagnosis [Alzheimer Disease] ,Vagus Nerve ,physiopathology [Vagus Nerve] ,Cognitive test ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cohort ,Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ,Female ,Psychology ,physiology [Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory] ,medicine.medical_specialty ,metabolism [Glycated Hemoglobin A] ,physiopathology [Alzheimer Disease] ,03 medical and health sciences ,Alzheimer Disease ,Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ,medicine ,Humans ,ddc:610 ,etiology [Mood Disorders] ,Psychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,Aged ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Mood Disorders ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood pressure ,Early Diagnosis ,Somatosensory evoked potential ,Observational study ,Neurology (clinical) ,hemoglobin A1c protein, human ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials (VSEP) show deviant patterns in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to healthy controls. We now aimed at testing the predictive value of these methods in the early diagnosis of AD. The Vogel study is a prospective, observational, long-term follow-up study with three time points of investigation within 6 years. Residents of the city of Wurzburg born between 1936 and 1941 were recruited. Every participant underwent physical, psychiatric, and laboratory examinations, and performed an intense neuropsychological testing as well as VSEP and NIRS according to the published procedures. 604 subjects were included. Mean age of the participants was 73.9 ± 1.55 years. The most frequent pathological physical and laboratory examination results were observed for blood pressure (62%), body weight (54%), HbA1c (16%), cholesterol (42%), and homocysteine (69%). Comprehensive analysis of cognitive testing showed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in 12.3% of the patients. Concurrent major depression was found in 6.6% of the patients. We observed a high rate of MCI and somatic comorbidity in our cohort. The high rate of vascular risk factors and depressive symptoms, all of which are known risk factors of AD, is consistent with the notion that there are multiple options to prevent or postpone the onset of AD in a geriatric population like the one of the Vogel studies.
- Published
- 2017
34. Modulation of sustained fear by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC)
- Author
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Martin J. Herrmann, Anna K. Horst, Stephanie Boehme, Thomas Polak, Bibiane S.E. Simons, and Thomas Straube
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Frontal cortex ,Right inferior ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Stimulation ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sensory cue ,Transcranial direct-current stimulation ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Emotional regulation ,Fear ,Galvanic Skin Response ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Skin conductance ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Downregulation of emotional responses to threat is strongly associated with frontal cortex functions. Additionally pathological anxiety has been proposed to be associated with the altered frontal control. Understanding the frontal regulation of both initial and sustained fear responses seems to be crucial for further research on the treatment of anxiety disorders. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) on the subjects' psychophysiological responses as measured by skin conductance reaction (SCR) during a sustained threat paradigm. 80 participants were randomly assigned to an anodal and sham stimulation group in a double-blinded manner. Indicated by visual cues, participants anticipated the temporally unpredictable occurrence of aversive or neutral auditory stimuli. We found a significant interaction effect of condition x tDCS for SCR during the sustained threat. Post-hoc tests revealed a significant reduction in SCR during sustained fear in verum stimulated group. The results confirm that tDCS of the rIFC attenuates sustained fear. This supports the suggested role of the rIFC in psychophysiological emotional regulation and the potential use of tDCS to enhance these effects.
- Published
- 2017
35. P 124 Auricular vagus nerve stimulation in subjects with major depression – Pulsatile vs. continuous stimulation
- Author
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Thomas Polak, Andrea Katzorke, Martin J. Herrmann, J.B.M. Zeller, and M. Götzelmann
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual analogue scale ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pulsatile flow ,Context (language use) ,Stimulation ,medicine.disease ,Sensory Systems ,Vagus nerve ,Surgery ,Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,Anesthesia ,medicine ,Major depressive disorder ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Vagus nerve stimulation ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Abstract
Background Conventional vagus nerve stimulation (cVNS) is approved to treat major depression. Within this context, auricular VNS (aVNS) is of increasing interest due to its non-invasiveness. Still, the question of optimum stimulation parameters has to be solved. Method 50 subjects with major depressive disorder were stimulated over 20 min. in the area of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Control stimulation (CS) was done at the ear lobe. Before and after each stimulation the participants were asked to rate their actual affective state. 30 participants were stimulated continuously, while in 20 subjects, stimulation was interrupted every 5 min. for 30 s. (pulsatile stimulation). Results Only using pulsatile stimulation, participants significantly more often rated to feel better ( F 1 , 18 = 12.35 ; p = 0.002) and to be more optimistic ( F 1 , 18 = 12.24 ; p = 0.003) after aVNS than after CS. Using pulsatile as well as using continuous stimulation, subjects indicated to be more happy ( F 1 , 18 = 24.61 ; p F 1 , 28 = 8.03 ; p = 0.008, resp.). Rating of pictures of the Internatonal Affective Picture System (IAPS) showed no statistical significant difference between the stimulation methods. Conclusion Stimulating in a pulsatile way showed more difference between aVNS and CS than stimulating in a continuous way. Self rating of the emotional state by means of a visual analogue scale seems to be a reliable tool for the examination of non-invasive stimulation techniques.
- Published
- 2017
36. Vagus somatosensory evoked potentials are delayed in Alzheimer’s disease, but not in major depression
- Author
-
Julia B. M. Zeller, Bodo Warrings, Thomas Polak, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Peter Scheuerpflug, Jürgen Deckert, Thomas Dresler, and Florian Metzger
- Subjects
Male ,Vagus Nerve Stimulation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Stimulation ,Disease ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Alzheimer Disease ,Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Biological Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aged ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Analysis of Variance ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Vagus nerve ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Somatosensory evoked potential ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,Brainstem ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Vagus nerve stimulation - Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the degeneration of brainstem nuclei is different from major depression (MD). Thus, vagus somatosensory evoked potentials (VSEP) proposed for the functional assessment of brainstem nuclei should show prolonged latencies in AD but not in MD. In 55 AD patients, 57 MD patients and two age-matched control groups evoked potentials were recorded upon stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. In the AD, not in the MD group, latencies were significantly longer as compared to controls. Thus, the method of VSEP could contribute to the important differential diagnosis of AD and MD in elderly patients.
- Published
- 2013
37. The Modulation of Error Processing in the Medial Frontal Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
- Author
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Martin J. Herrmann, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Manish Kumar Asthana, Thomas Polak, and Lisa Bellaïche
- Subjects
Error processing ,Article Subject ,Transcranial direct-current stimulation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Stimulation ,Medial frontal cortex ,Neurophysiology ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Modulation (music) ,medicine ,Premovement neuronal activity ,Psychology ,Prefrontal cortex ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Neuroscience ,Research Article - Abstract
Background. In order to prevent future errors, we constantly control our behavior for discrepancies between the expected (i.e., intended) and the real action outcome and continuously adjust our behavior accordingly. Neurophysiological correlates of this action-monitoring process can be studied with event-related potentials (error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe)) originating from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Patients with neuropsychiatric diseases often show performance monitoring dysfunctions potentially caused by pathological changes of cortical excitability; therefore, a modulation of the underlying neuronal activity might be a valuable therapeutic tool. One technique which allows us to explore cortical modulation of neural networks is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Therefore, we tested the effect of medial-prefrontal tDCS on error-monitoring potentials in 48 healthy subjects randomly assigned to anodal, cathodal, or sham stimulation. Results. We found that cathodal stimulation attenuated Pe amplitudes compared to both anodal and sham stimulation, but no effect for the ERN. Conclusions. Our results indicate that cathodal tDCS over the mPFC results in an attenuated cortical excitability leading to decreased Pe amplitudes. We therefore conclude that tDCS has a neuromodulatory effect on error-monitoring systems suggesting a future approach to modify the sensitivity of corresponding neural networks in patients with action-monitoring deficits.
- Published
- 2013
38. Contents Vol. 67, 2013
- Author
-
Druck Reinhardt Druck Basel, Maria del Mar Grasa, Jun-Yeob Lee, Eva Penelo, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Andreas Mühlberger, Zaida Agüera, Caleb M. Adler, Thomas Dresler, Caterina Franceschini, Mario Catena Dell'Osso, Tai Kiu Choi, Armando Piccinni, Donatella Marazziti, Marta Cecchini, Luciano Domenici, Martin Brunovský, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Pierpaolo Medda, Antonello Veltri, Mirjam Käse, K. Luan Phan, Marta Andreatta, Jan Prasko, Xavier Remesar, Matthias J. Müller, Kang Soo Lee, José M. Menchón, Thomas Polak, Roser Granero, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Bernd Gallhofer, Borah Kim, Jeffrey R. Strawn, Ah Young Choe, Ciro Conversano, Babette Wolff, Sang-Hyuk Lee, Federica Vanelli, Jiří Horáček, James C. Eliassen, Matthew M. Norris, Michal Raszka, Jana Kopřivová, Ruth Vilà, Liliana Dell'Osso, Ji Eun Lee, Marco Congedo, Marià Alemany, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Petra Netter, Wen-Jang Chu, Wade Weber, Melanie Y. Baars, Rachel M. Whitsel, Stephen M. Strakowski, Melissa P. DelBello, Satz Mengensatzproduktion, María del Mar Romero, Chiara Vizzaccaro, and Laura Villarreal
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Biological Psychiatry - Published
- 2013
39. Is There a Negative Interpretation Bias in Depressed Patients? An Affective Startle Modulation Study
- Author
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Andreas Mühlberger, Marta Andreatta, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Thomas Polak, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Babette Wolff, Mirjam Käse, and Thomas Dresler
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Reflex, Startle ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Humans ,In patient ,Patient group ,Biological Psychiatry ,Language ,media_common ,Depression ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Uncertainty ,Ambiguity ,Response bias ,Startle reaction ,Startle modulation ,Affect ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Case-Control Studies ,150 Psychologie ,ddc:150 ,Female ,Arousal ,Psychology ,Startle potentiation ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Background/Aims: Scientists proposed that patients with depression favour negative interpretations when appraising ambiguity. As self-report measures seem prone to response bias, implicit measures of emotional valence should be additionally used. Methods: A total of 16 patients with depression and 19 controls underwent an acoustic imagery task comprising neutral and negative words, as well as ambiguous words that could be understood either way. Affective startle modulation and direct interrogation were used to assess implicit and explicit emotional valence, respectively. We expected a negative bias for ambiguous words in the patient group, resulting in augmented startle magnitudes and preference for negative interpretations of the ambiguous words in the interrogation. Results: Surprisingly, both groups preferred neutral interpretations and showed augmented startle magnitudes to ambiguous words. Furthermore, both groups displayed an emotional startle potentiation for negative words. Conclusion: In summary, our results do not confirm a negative interpretation bias or a blunted emotional response in patients with major depression. The mismatch between self-report and affective startle reaction to ambiguous targets might reflect defensive mobilization or attention effects., OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
- Published
- 2013
40. Prefrontal correlates of approach preferences for alcohol stimuli in alcohol dependence
- Author
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Matthias Fischer, Michael M. Plichta, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Lena H. Ernst, Sara V. Tupak, Anna K. Zesewitz, Thomas Dresler, Thomas Polak, and Florian B. Haeussinger
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol dependence ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nucleus accumbens ,Audiology ,Developmental psychology ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Reward system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Functional neuroimaging ,medicine ,Orbitofrontal cortex ,Analysis of variance ,Psychology ,Prefrontal cortex - Abstract
An approach bias for alcohol stimuli (i.e. faster approach than avoidance reactions) might facilitate relapses in alcohol dependence. Neurobiological models suggest hypersensitivity in the reward system [inter alia nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)] to cause pathologically enhanced approach impulses towards alcohol stimuli. At the same time, in alcohol dependence, these structures are only insufficiently controlled by a hypoactive dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The present study investigated the cortical aspects of this model with functional near-infrared spectroscopy in 21 alcohol-dependent in-patients and 21 healthy controls (HC; comparable in age, gender and education) during performance of the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) for the first time. Complementing previous findings, in reaction times (RTs), patients showed stronger approach preferences for alcohol than non-alcohol stimuli. For non-alcohol stimuli, patients even displayed avoidance preferences. The reversed pattern was found in HC. Group differences in activity of the OFC were identical to those in RTs, revealing patients to assign higher subjective value to approaching alcohol stimuli. In both groups, regulatory activity in the right DLPFC was stronger during avoiding than approaching alcohol pictures. Probable awareness of the behavioural hypotheses due to explicit task instructions and patients' deficient prefrontal function might account for this equally aligned pattern. Results are discussed with regard to recent findings revealing a reduced behavioural approach bias and risk for relapse by applying a retraining version of the AAT. Functional measurements might serve as a method for monitoring the corresponding neurobiological changes and-possibly-predicting the success of such a training.
- Published
- 2012
41. Reduced Activity in the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Elderly
- Author
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Andrea, Katzorke, Julia B M, Zeller, Laura D, Müller, Martin, Lauer, Thomas, Polak, Andreas, Reif, Jürgen, Deckert, and Martin J, Herrmann
- Subjects
near-infrared spectroscopy ,apolipoprotein-E4 ,verbal fluency task ,elderly ,Alzheimer’s disease ,Neuroscience ,Original Research - Abstract
Apolipoprotein-E4 (APOE-E4) is a major genetic risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The verbal fluency task (VFT), especially the subtask category fluency, has shown to provide a good discrimination between cognitively normal controls and subjects with AD. Interestingly, APOE-E4 seems to have no effect on the behavioral performance during a VFT in healthy elderly. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to reveal possible compensation mechanisms by investigating the effect of APOE-E4 on the hemodynamic response in non-demented elderly during a VFT by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We compared performance and hemodynamic response of high risk APOE-E4/E4, -E3/E4 carriers with neutral APOE-E3/E3 non-demented subjects (N = 288; 70–77 years). No difference in performance was found. APOE-E4/E4, -E3/E4 carriers had a decreased hemodynamic response in the right inferior frontal junction (IFJ) with a corresponding higher response in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) during category fluency. Performance was correlated with the hemodynamic response in the MFG. We assume a compensation of decreased IFJ brain activation by utilizing the MFG during category fluency and thus resulting in no behavioral differences between APOE-groups during the performance of a VFT.
- Published
- 2016
42. Medial prefrontal cortex stimulation accelerates therapy response of exposure therapy in acrophobia
- Author
-
Daniel Gromer, Thomas Polak, Paul Pauli, Yasmin Busch, Jürgen Deckert, Martin J. Herrmann, and Andrea Katzorke
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychotherapist ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Exposure therapy ,Biophysics ,Implosive Therapy ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Stimulation ,Audiology ,Virtual reality ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Acrophobia ,Conditioning, Psychological ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Prefrontal cortex ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,General Neuroscience ,Extinction (psychology) ,Fear ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Medial prefrontal cortex ,Anxiety Disorders ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,030227 psychiatry ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Psychotherapy ,Treatment Outcome ,Phobic Disorders ,Anxiety ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Anxiety disorder - Abstract
Background: Animal as well as human research indicated that the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is highly relevant for fear extinction learning. Recently, we showed that targeting the vmPFC with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in a placebo-controlled study with 45 healthy controls induced higher prefrontal activity during extinction of conditioned stimuli (CS+) in the active compared to the sham stimulated group and better extinction learning as indicated by ratings, fear potentiated startles and skin conductance responses. Objective: In this study, we aimed to proof our concept of accelerating extinction learning using rTMS of the mPFC in a group of anxiety disorder patients. Methods: To specifically evaluate the impact of rTMS on exposure-based therapy, we applied a sham-controlled protocol over the vmPFC (FPz) succeeded by a virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) in n = 20 participants with acrophobia and n = 19 controls. Results: We found a significantly higher reduction in active compared to sham stimulated group for anxiety (t[37] = 2.33, p < 0.05) as well as avoidance ratings t[37] = 2.34, p < 0.05) from pre to post therapy. Conclusion: This study provides first clinical evidence that high-frequency rTMS over the vmPFC improves exposure therapy response of acrophobia symptoms.
- Published
- 2016
43. Neuronavigated left temporal continuous theta burst stimulation in chronic tinnitus
- Author
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Martin J. Herrmann, Csanad Varallyay, Thomas Polak, Vincent Raab, Wilma Großmann, Sara V. Tupak, Berthold Langguth, A. S. Giani, Andreas J. Fallgatter, and Martin Schecklmann
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neuronavigation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,CTBS ,Stimulation ,Pilot Projects ,Audiology ,Auditory cortex ,050105 experimental psychology ,Functional Laterality ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tinnitus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Rating scale ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Auditory Cortex ,05 social sciences ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Neurology ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Brain stimulation ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies ,Psychoacoustics - Abstract
Purpose: Clinical effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in chronic tinnitus are moderate. More precise coil localisation strategies, innovative stimulation protocols, and identification of predictors for treatment response were proposed as promising attempts to enhance treatment efficacy. In this pilot study we investigated neuronavigated continuous theta burst TMS (cTBS). Methods: Twenty-three patients received neuronavigated cTBS over the left primary auditory cortex in a randomized sham-controlled trial (verum = 12; sham = 11). Treatment response was evaluated with tinnitus questionnaires and numeric rating scales. Immediate change in numeric rating scales during the first session was used as predictor for treatment response. Results: Tinnitus was significantly reduced after treatment, but there were no superior effects between verum vs. sham treatment. Immediate change in the first treatment session predicted the response to treatment only in the verum group. Conclusions: In our study, verum cTBS was not superior to sham which highlights the persistent need for improving non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for the treatment of tinnitus. Future research should focus on the transfer of positive single session effects to daily treatment trials.
- Published
- 2016
44. Recovery of cortical functioning in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients: Prefrontal brain oxygenation during verbal fluency at different phases during withdrawal
- Author
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Christoph Pohla, Matthias Fischer, Thomas Polak, Lena H. Ernst, Thomas Dresler, Bodo Warrings, Andreas J. Fallgatter, and Martin Schecklmann
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Brain activity and meditation ,Temperance ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Neuroimaging ,Audiology ,Germany ,medicine ,Humans ,Verbal fluency test ,Prefrontal cortex ,Biological Psychiatry ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,Verbal Behavior ,Alcohol dependence ,Recovery of Function ,Oxygenation ,Middle Aged ,Frontal Lobe ,Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ,Functional imaging ,Alcoholism ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Frontal lobe ,Female ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Neurotoxic effects of alcohol consumption are well-known. There is plenty of literature on frontal lobe impairment on the behavioural and structural brain imaging level. However, only few functional imaging studies investigated altered neural patterns and even less abstinence-related neural recovery.In a cross-sectional design three patient groups (acute withdrawal, detoxified, abstinent) and healthy controls (each n = 20) performed a phonological and semantic verbal fluency task (VFT) while brain activity was measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).First, for the phonological condition withdrawal patients and detoxified patients showed less fluency-related frontal lobe activation compared to controls despite equal performance. Second, significant linear trend effects from withdrawal patients over detoxified and abstinent patients up to healthy controls indicated more normal activation patterns in the abstinent group that did not differ significantly from the controls. In the detoxified group brain activation increased with time since detoxification.Our results are compatible with an increase in frontal brain activity from alcohol dependence over abstinence up to normal functioning. However, as cross-sectional designs do not allow to assess causal relations, results have to be considered preliminary and longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate recovery processes in alcohol dependence.
- Published
- 2011
45. T86. Correlation of Vagus Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (VSEP) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
- Author
-
Thomas Polak
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Univariate analysis ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,Audiology ,Sensory Systems ,Correlation ,Neurology ,Somatosensory evoked potential ,Physiology (medical) ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Heart rate variability ,Neurology (clinical) ,Analysis of variance ,Brainstem ,Vagal tone ,business - Abstract
Introduction Vagus somatosensory evoked potentials (VSEP) were proposed as a means of early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimers disease (AD) with prolonged VSEP latencies reflecting disease-specific changes in the lower brainstem. Heart rate variability (HRV), too is a marker supposed to be influenced by autonomic brainstem nuclei. With the presented study we aimed at testing the hypothesis that prolonged VSEP latencies correlate with changes in HRV parameters in subjects with Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a potential state of early AD and healthy controls (HC). Methods In 27 subjects with MCI and 191 HC (age 74 ± 1.4 years), VSEP and HRV were measured according to standard procedures and correlation analyses as well as univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) to compare VSEP and HRV parameters between the MCI and the HC group were calculated. Results In frontocentral recordings (C4F4), all VSEP latencies correlated negatively with HRV parameters, most strongly P1 with longer latencies coinciding with significantly lower parasympathic tone (respiratory sinus arrhythmia RSA, high frequency power HF). While difference in HRV parameters between the MCI and the HC group did not reach statistical significant difference, there was a significant difference in VSEP parameters with longer P2 latencies in the MCI group. Conclusion Correlation of VSEP latencies with brainstem-regulated HRV is a further hint for VSEP being generated in autonomic brainstem structures. Follow up examination of participants will reveal if subjects who present at baseline with longer VSEP latencies and less HRV will more often develop AD in the future than subjects who do not.
- Published
- 2018
46. Auricular vagus somatosensory evoked potentials in vascular dementia
- Author
-
Falko Markulin, Thomas Polak, Florian Metzger, Thomas M. Ringel, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Julia B. M. Langer, and Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Sensory system ,Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Vascular dementia ,Biological Psychiatry ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Analysis of Variance ,Dementia, Vascular ,Brain ,Vagus Nerve ,medicine.disease ,Vagus nerve ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Somatosensory evoked potential ,Anesthesia ,Cardiology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Differential diagnosis ,Psychology ,Vagus nerve stimulation - Abstract
A new method for the assessment of vagus nerve function has recently been introduced into clinical practice. In the present study we could show that, contrary to our results in Alzheimer's disease (AD), in patients with vascular dementia (VaD) vagus sensory evoked potentials (VSEP) did not show statistically significant differences as compared to healthy controls. Thus, we hypothesize that the new method of VSEP could possibly contribute to a differential diagnosis between early cases of AD and VaD.
- Published
- 2009
47. Evozierte Potenziale der Vagus-Kerngebiete im Hirnstamm
- Author
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Michael M. Plichta, Peter Scheuerpflug, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Christina G. Baehne, Florian G. Metzger, M.M. Richter, Andreas J. Fallgatter, and Thomas Polak
- Subjects
Neurology (clinical) ,Family Practice - Abstract
ZusammenfassungBei der elektrischen Stimulation des N. vagus über einen sensiblen Hautast am äußeren Ohr lassen sich spezifische neuronale Antworten als bipolar evozierte Fernfeldpotenziale an der Schädelkalotte abgreifen, die als Vagus-evozierte Potenziale bezeichnet werden. Latenzen im Bereich weniger Millisekunden wie bei akustisch Evozierten Potenzialen (AEP) und Veränderungen nach Lokalanästhesie im Stimulationsgebiet, sind Hinweise für ihre neurogene Entstehung im Bereich der Vagus-Kerngebiete im Hirnstamm. Wir präsentieren die Daten von fünf Einzelfalluntersuchungen von verschiedenen neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen und diskutieren sie hinsichtlich der betroffenen neuroanatomischen Strukturen. Diese neue Methode wäre gerade im Hinblick auf eine Früherkennung neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen wie M. Parkinson oder Alzheimer-Erkrankung von großem Nutzen für den frühzeitigen und zielgerichteten Einsatz neuroprotektiver Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Im Vergleich zur bisherigen operativen Vorgehensweise bei der Stimulation des Vagus-Hauptstammes wäre eine nebenwirkungsfreie und minimalinvasive Stimulationsweise auch ein bedeutender Fortschritt im Hinblick auf den therapeutischen Einsatz bei therapieresistenten Epilepsien und Depressionen.
- Published
- 2006
48. Vagus somatosensory-evoked potentials are prolonged in patients with multiple sclerosis with brainstem involvement
- Author
-
Andreas J. Fallgatter, Thomas Polak, Daniel Zeller, and Florian Metzger
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Audiology ,Central nervous system disease ,Young Adult ,Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Evoked potential ,Analysis of Variance ,General Neuroscience ,Multiple sclerosis ,Interstimulus interval ,Vagus Nerve ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Electric Stimulation ,Vagus nerve ,Electrophysiology ,Somatosensory evoked potential ,Female ,Brainstem ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Brain Stem - Abstract
Vagus somatosensory-evoked potentials (VSEP) were proposed as a neurophysiological indicator of brainstem dysfunction based on prolonged latencies found in Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease. We now aimed at a further confirmation of this view independent from neurodegenerative diseases and hypothesized that VSEP in multiple sclerosis with brainstem affection show prolonged latencies, too. In 15 patients with multiple sclerosis according to McDonald and 15 healthy controls after stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve at the tragus (electrical square impulses, impulse width 0.1 ms, interstimulus interval 2 s, intensity 8 mA), evoked potentials were recorded from electrode positions C3-F3, C4-F4, Fz-F3 and Fz-F4. Analysis of variance showed a significant main effect of the factor diagnosis on latency P1 (F(1,24)=7.067, P=0.001), no significant effect for latencies N1 and P2 nor for the amplitudes. A subgroup of patients with signs of brainstem affection showed a trend for longer P1 latencies (F(1,11)=5916, P=0.033) as compared with the group without. We take this result as further hint for VSEP to be generated at brainstem level which needs confirmation in larger-scale studies and other brainstem-affecting diseases. The method could be suitable for the demonstration of the involvement of differential brainstem nuclei in various neurodegenerative diseases.
- Published
- 2013
49. Depressive mood and personality in terms of temperament and character among the normal population and depressive inpatients
- Author
-
Thomas Polak, Martin Eisemann, and Jörg Richter
- Subjects
Persistence (psychology) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Beck Depression Inventory ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Character (mathematics) ,Reward dependence ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Personality ,Harm avoidance ,Temperament and Character Inventory ,Temperament ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Based on a recent report on the relatedness between depressed mood, as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and personality according to Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), we attempted to replicate those findings in a sample of normal subjects (n=850) and depressive inpatients (n=353) taking into account age, gender and various aspects of depressive symptoms by means of BDI factors. ‘Harm Avoidance’ and ‘Self-Directedness’ were found closely related with depressive mood in both samples. Furthermore, ‘Exploratory Excitability’ (NS 1) was consistently related with depressive mood. However, the occurred age and gender effects onto the relations of depressive mood and personality characteristics were very weak (trends for ‘Reward Dependence’ and ‘Persistence’ at P=0.10 exclusively in the normal sample). Most of the variance in depressive mood could be explained by changes in ‘Harm Avoidance’ and ‘Self-Directedness’ independent on effects of age and gender. Possibly, the latter factors are slightly influencing these relations for ‘Reward Dependence’ and ‘Persistence’.
- Published
- 2003
50. Effects of auricular vagus nerve stimulation on brain activity, cognitive parameters and well-being
- Author
-
C. Stelzer, Andrea Katzorke, J.B.M. Zeller, Thomas Polak, and Martin J. Herrmann
- Subjects
business.industry ,Brain activity and meditation ,General Neuroscience ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Medicine ,Cognition ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Neuroscience ,Vagus nerve stimulation ,lcsh:RC321-571 - Published
- 2017
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