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There is close relationship between fertilizer managements and net carbon (C) sink effect, economic benefits in rice paddy ecosystem. Based on a long-term (35-year) field experiment, we analyzed the effects of different fertilization patterns on soil C sequestration rate, C density of topsoil, annual C balance, and economic benefits in the double cropping rice paddy in southern China. There were four fertilization treatments, chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and without any fertilizer input as a control (CK). The results showed that soil C pool in the double cropping rice paddy field under different fertilization treatments changed from 216.02 to 866.74 kg·hm施肥措施与稻田生态系统净碳汇效应、经济收益的关系密切。本研究以长期(35年)定位施肥试验田为平台,分析了单独施用化肥(MF)、秸秆还田+化肥(RF)、30%有机肥+70%化肥(OM)和无肥对照(CK)4种不同施肥模式对我国南方双季稻田耕层土壤固碳速率、碳密度、年碳汇平衡和经济收益的影响。研究表明: 不同施肥处理双季稻田耕层土壤碳库变化范围为216.02～866.74 kg·hm

Fertilization is an effective way to improve soil quality, increase soil fertility and soil microbial diversity in paddy soil. To explore the changes of soil labile organic carbon (C) fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity after 34 years fertilization treatments in a field experiment in double-cropping rice system of southern China. There were four treatments, including chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice residue and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic matter and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and the control without fertilizer input (CK). We measured soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil labile organic C fractions, SOC related hydrolytic enzyme activity, correlation coefficients of soil enzyme activity with SOC content and its labile organic C fractions. The results showed that MF, RF and OM increased SOC content by 4.5%, 22.4% and 53.5%, respectively. Compared with MF and CK, RF and OM increased soil labile organic C fractions [cumulative C mineralization (Cmin), permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO施肥是改善土壤质量、提高土壤肥力和影响土壤微生物多样性的关键措施。为了探明南方双季稻区长期不同施肥处理下稻田土壤活性有机碳组分和水解酶活性的变化特征,本研究以34年大田定位试验为平台,设置化肥(MF)、秸秆还田+化肥(RF)、30%有机肥+70%化肥(OM)3个处理,并以无肥处理为对照(CK),分析了长期不同施肥处理下双季稻田土壤有机碳含量、活性有机碳组分、有机碳水解酶活性及其相关性。结果表明: MF、RF和OM处理增加了稻田土壤有机碳含量,分别比CK增加4.5%、22.4%和53.5%。与MF和CK处理相比,RF和OM处理均有利于增加土壤各活性有机碳组分[累积碳矿化(Cmin)、高锰酸钾可氧化碳(KMnO

Aiming at the problems that the traditional method has long response time to communication network congestion monitoring and the detection effect is not ideal, a real-time monitoring method based on cloud computing for communication network blocking is proposed. Firstly, the communication network monitoring point is established, and the communication data collection process is completed by the radio-frequency receiver. On this basis, the real-time traffic calculation of the collected data is performed to determine the existence of abnormal blocking status in the communication network link, and the precise positioning of the blocking point is obtained. The information thus generates an alarm message to obtain a monitoring result. The real-time and accuracy of the monitoring method are analyzed experimentally. It is found that the monitoring method can control the delay time within 0.2 s and the monitoring error rate is low. It can be seen that the monitoring algorithm has high performance.

Mei-ling Wu, Yi-ping Lin, Yan-li Wei, Hong-jian Du, Xiao-qian Ying, Wen-zhuang Tan, Bi-e Tang Faculty of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bi-e TangFaculty of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Provinc, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail tangbiejh@163.comBackground: Calycosin (CAL), a type of O-methylated isoflavone extracted from the herb Astralagusmembranaceus (AM), is a bioactive chemical with antioxidative, antiphlogistic and antineoplastic activities commonly used in traditional alternative Chinese medicine. AM has been shown to confer health benefits as an adjuvant in the treatment of a variety of diseases.Aim: The main objective of this study was to determine whether CAL influences the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system involved in drug metabolism.Methods: Midazolam, tolbutamide, omeprazole, metoprolol and phenacetin were selected as probe drugs. Rats were randomly divided into three groups, specifically, 5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for 8 days (Control), 5% CMC for 7 days + CAL for 1 day (single CAL) and CAL for 8 days (conc CAL), and metabolism of the five probe drugs evaluated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).Results: No significant differences were observed for omeprazole and midazolam, compared to the control group. Tmax and t1/2 values of only one probe drug, phenacetin, in the conc CAL group were significantly different from those of the control group (Tmax h: 0.50± 0.00 vs 0.23± 0.15; control vs conc CAL). Cmax of tolbutamide was decreased about two-fold in the conc CAL treatment group (conc vs control: 219.48 vs 429.56, P< 0.001).Conclusion: Calycosin inhibits the catalytic activities of CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9. Accordingly, we recommend caution, particularly when combining CAL as a modality therapy with drugs metabolized by CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9, to reduce the potential risks of drug accumulation or ineffective treatment.Keywords: calycosin, herb-drug interactions, UPLC-MS/MS, cocktail, CYP450

Objective(s): In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of salidroside on the activities of the different drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in rats, in which a specific probe drug was used for each enzyme. Materials and Methods: After pretreatment with salidroside, five probe drugs were simultaneously administered to rats by gavage. The given dose was 2.0 mg/kg for phenacetin (CYP1A2 activity), 4.0 mg/kg for bupropion (CYP2B6 activity), 2.0 mg/kg for losartan (CYP2C9 activity), 8.0 mg/kg for metoprolol (CYP2D6 activity) and 1.0 mg/kg for midazolam (CYP3A4 activity). Then, an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the concentrations of rats’ blood, which were collected at different corresponding times. Results: Our data showed that salidroside exhibited an inductive effect on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 activities by changing the main pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2, CL/F, Cmax and AUC(0-∞)) of the four probe drugs in rats. However, no significant changes in CYP2D6 activity were observed. Conclusion: In a word, the results displayed that salidroside could induce the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, which may influence the disposition of the drugs that are mainly metabolized by these pathways. Our research can provide the basis for the study of related herb-drug interactions in clinic.

Background During the last decade, total laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients has been developed as alternatives to open resection. In recent years, this minimally invasive surgery has been extended using robotic-assisted surgery. Case presentation Here, we report a surgical intervention using a Da Vinci surgical robot in which a lower two-third stomach resection with subsequent Billroth II gastrojejunostomy was performed. The patient was a 53-year-old male with complete situs inversus gastric cancer who had received 2 cycles of neo-adjuvant oxaliplatin combined with S-1 medication. The operation took 3 h in total without complications. The amount of bleeding was about 50 mL, and on day 5 after the operation, the patient was discharged. Conclusions This is the first report of a successful robot-assisted gastric cancer resection of advanced gastric cancer in a patient with the anatomical abnormality of situs inversus totalis.

BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common cause of childhood hearing loss (HL), although the strength of this association remains limited and inconclusive. Thus, the purpose of this study was to summarize evidence regarding the strength of the relationship between cCMV and childhood HL and to determine whether this relationship differs according to patient characteristics. METHODS The PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies evaluating the relationship between cCMV and HL from inception to September 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the investigated outcomes in a random-effects model. Sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were also performed. RESULTS A total of 15 studies involving 235,026 children met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The summary results indicated that cCMV infection was associated with an increased risk of HL (odds ratio [OR]: 8.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.95-18.10; P

Dysregulation of autophagy-mediated podocyte homeostasis is proposed to play a role in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). In the present study, autophagic activity and lysosomal alterations were investigated in podocytes of IMN patients and in cultured podocytes exposed to sublytic terminal complement complex, C5b-9. C5b-9 upregulated the number of LC3 positive puncta and the expression of p62 in patient podocytes and in C5b-9 injuried podocyte model. The lysosomal turnover of LC3-II was not influenced, although the BECN1 expression level was upregulated after exposure of podocytes to C5b-9. C5b-9 also caused a significant increase in the number of autophagosomes but not autolysosomes, suggesting that C5b-9 impairs the lysosomal degration of autophagosomes. Moreover, C5b-9 exacerbated the apoptosis of podocytes, which could be mimicked by chloroquine treatment, indicating that C5b-9 triggered podocyte injury, at least partially through inhibiting autophagy. Subsequent studies revealed that C5b-9 triggered lysosomal membrane permeabilization, which likely caused the decrease in enzymatic activity, defective acidification of lysosomes, and suppression of DQ-ovalbumin degradation. Taken together, our results suggest that the lysosomal-dependent autophagic pathway is blocked by C5b-9, which may play a key role in podocyte injury during the development of IMN.

In order to realize automatic recognition and extraction of entities in unstructured medical texts, a model combining language model conditional random field algorithm (CRF) and Bi-directional Long Short-term Memory networks (BiLSTM) is proposed. We crawled 804 drug specifications for treating asthma from the Internet, and then quantized the normalized field of drug specification word by a vector as the input of the neural network. Compared with the traditional machine learning algorithm CRF model, the system accuracy, recall and F1 value are improved by 6.18%, 5.2% and 4.87%. This model is applicable to extract named entity information from drug specification.

In order to combine the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with medical knowledge of electronic medical records, a semi-automatic construction method for knowledge maps of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was proposed. First, the schema concept layer is designed in a top-down manner for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Knowledge is removed from the data in the electronic medical records of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Knowledge extraction of unstructured data is based on the conditional random field (CRF) combined with the symptom dictionary method, through the design of the experiment to extract disease symptoms, verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the design, and stored the knowledge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to Neo4j.

Background The diagnosis of cow’s milk protein allergy(CMPA) may be easily misdiagnosed due to its lack of specific symptoms. Thus, experts have proposed the use of Cow’s milk-related symptom scores (CoMiSS) to predict CMPA. There has been no relevant report on the clinical application value of CoMiSS in Chinese children. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CoMiSS in early identification of CMPA in Chinese infants. Methods We calculated CoMiSS for 38 infants with suspected CMPA diagnosed in the pediatric gastroenterologic clinic in our hospital. After 4 weeks of dietary elimination and symptomatic improvement, these infants returned to our hospital to undergo oral food challenge (OFC). The ROC curve was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CoMiSS and evaluate the effect of CoMiSS in early identification of CMPA in Chinese infants. We didn’t determine the CoMiSS of presumed healthy infants as control group. Results Of 38 infants who underwent OFC testing, the average CoMiSS of infants with positive OFC testing was 7.4 ± 2.3, while the average CoMiSS of infants with negative OFC testing was 4.1 ± 1.6, and there was a significant difference between two groups(F = 2.13, P

Enhanced electroluminescence (EL) has been achieved from the light-emitting devices containing Si quantum dots/SiO2 multilayers deposited on Si nanowire arrays because of the good antireflection characteristics of Si nanowire structures, which improves the light extraction efficiency. However, it is found that the EL is first enhanced with increasing the depth of the Si nanowires and then reduced to further increase the depth, though it exhibits the lowest reflectance (~3%), which may be due to the increased surface defect states after long time etching, as revealed by electron spin resonance measurements. It is demonstrated that the posthydrogen plasma annealing treatments can passivate the surface defect states which, in turn, improve device performance. The best device shows the turn-on voltage as low as 3.5 V, and the EL intensity of devices on Si nanowire arrays is enhanced 16-fold, compared with that of flat one.

A new water-soluble polysaccharide, APS-1II, with a molecular weight of 42.1 kDa was isolated from the roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. APS-1II consists of arabinose (Ara), glucose (Glc) and fucose (Fuc) with a molar ratio of 2.48:1.05:1.00. The backbone of APS-1II is composed of 1,3-α- l -Araf and 1,6-α- d -Glcp with the branches containing 1,5-α- l -Araf, 1,4-β- d -Glcp, T-β- d -Glcp, 1,3-α- l -Fucp and T-α- l -Fucp. APS-1II inhibited the proliferation of human leukemia K562 and mouse L1210 cells in vitro and markedly prolonged the life span of L1210-bearing mice in vivo. APS-1II also increased the numbers of leukocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and significantly decreased plasma tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-2 and interferon-γ levels in L1210-bearing mice. Moreover, APS-1II administration concentration-dependently promoted the proliferation of the splenocytes, enhanced phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. These results suggest that APS-1II could effectively inhibit leukemia and induce a protective immune response, and it may be used as a suitable candidate reagent for leukemia therapy.

Aiming at the question that the existing building targets recognition method is difficult to perform a pixel-by-pixel semantic recognition on an image, which leads to the problem of low recognition accuracy of small buildings, the small building recognition method of high-resolution aerial images based on deep convolutional neural network has been carried in this paper. To address the problem of information loss of the feature map in the process of pooling, the multi-scale fusion of the pooling layer and the deconvolutional layer is proposed. The activation function is also improved to extract more reliable features. Furthermore, to address the information loss problem in small buildings, multiple stacked denoising sparse auto-encoders are proposed. The experiment enhances the information of small target in the image and improves the input module of the fully convolutional network (FCN) model. Experimental results on aerial images of Wangdagua Village, Pingyuan County show that the proposed method outperforms the compared methods such as the conventional convolutional neural network (CNN) and the artificial neural network (ANN). The results also show that the accuracy of the improved model is not only significantly higher than shallow machine learning methods, but also can be more effective in mining the law of high-resolution aerial images of small and medium-sized pieces of building space distribution and eliminate the false targets in the image up to a point.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is routinely used to analyze monosaccharide composition. This is the first report describing the simultaneous determination of uronic acid, amino sugar, and neutral sugar in the polysaccharide from Angelica sinensis using pre-column derivatization. We were able to analyze the monosaccharide composition of acidic Angelica polysaccharides (AAPS) using this method. Ten different monosaccharides, namely d-mannose, d-glucosamine, l-rhamnose, d-galactosamine, d-glucuronic acid, d-galacturonic acid, d-glucose, d-galactose, l-arabinose, and l-fucose were made into pre-column derivatives to serve as the standard for AAPS analysis. Samples were separated on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, i.d.) and detected by UV detection at 250 nm wavelength. The mobile phase was composed of aqueous ammonium acetate buffer (100 mM, pH 5.0), acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran in the ratio of 81:17:2. Analytes were performed at 25 °C with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Our study found that AAPS is composed of d-mannose, d-glucosamine, l-rhamnose, d-galactosamine, d-glucuronic acid, d-galacturonic acid, and d-glucose in a molar ratio of 1.5:14.1:1.7:1.6:2.0:2.3:1.

Sevoflurane, a commonly used inhaled anesthetic, can induce neuronal apoptosis in the developing rodent brain and correlate with functional neurological impairment later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying these deleterious effects of sevoflurane remain unclear and no effective treatment is currently available. Herein, the authors investigated whether curcumin can prevent the sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Six-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 3% sevoflurane 2h daily for 3 consecutive days and were treated with curcumin at the dose of 20 mg/kg or vehicle 30 min before the sevoflurane anesthesia from postnatal days 6 (P6) to P8. Cognitive functions were evaluated by open field, Morris water maze, and fear conditioning tests on P61, P63-69, and P77-78, respectively. In another separate experiment, mice were killed on day P8 or P78, and the brain tissues were harvested and then subjected to biochemistry studies. Our results showed that repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposure led to significant cognitive impairment later in life, which was associated with increased neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative nitrosative stress, and decreased memory related proteins. By contrast, pre-administration of curcumin ameliorated early neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative nitrosative stress, memory related proteins, and later cognitive dysfunction. In conclusion, our data suggested that curcumin pre-administration can prevent the sevoflurane exposure-induced cognitive impairment later in life, which may be partly attributed to its ability to attenuate the neural apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative nitrosative stress in mouse brain.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on stroke volume variation (SVV) and plethysmographic variability index (PVI) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PVI examined by Masimo Radical 7 pulse oximeter and SVV determined using FloTrac/Vigileo were monitored simultaneously in forty-five patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), perfusion index (PI), airway pressures (P), SVV, and PVI were also recorded at the following predetermined time: 5 min after endotracheal intubation (T1), 5 min after pneumoperitoneum at 5 mmHg (T2), 5 min after pneumoperitoneum at 10 mmHg (T3), 5 min after pneumoperitoneum at 15 mmHg (T4), and 5 min after the termination of pneumoperitoneum (T5). Forty-five patients with a total of 225 pairs of measurements were included in the analysis. Compared with the values at T1, both SVV and PVI showed significant progressive increases as the IAP was adjusted from 5 to 10, 15 mmHg at T2, T3, and T4, respectively. No significant difference was found when the pneumoperitoneum was terminated at T5. Further regressive analysis indicated strong relationships between SVV and IAP (r = 0.8118, p < 0.001), PVI and IAP(r = 0.8876, p < 0.001) respectively. Both PVI and SVV showed rapid and IAP correlative changes with increasing intra-abdominal pressure in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

In this study, the Al-Li alloy plates were friction stir welded (FSW) at different welding parameters, and the effect of welding parameters on the hardness, tensile and fatigue properties of the butted and lapped FSWed joints were investigated. The experimental results showed that the ultimate strength and elongation of butted joints decreased as the heat input increasing, and the maximum ultimate strength of the joints was equivalent to 83% that of the base material. By comparison of the heat inputs during welding process at different parameter combinations, the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical property of FSWed joints was established. For the overlapped welds made in 2mm thick plates of Al-Li-S4 and 2099 alloys, the hooking defect was a typical and inevitable defect appearing on the TMAZ of both advancing and retreating sides, which would adversely damage the mechanical properties of overlapped joints. Furthermore, the length of pin significantly affected the tensile property of overlapped joints, when the length of pin varies from 2.8mm to 2.5mm, the ultimate strength increased 14% to 20%. In addition, the fatigue lifetime of overlapped joints was lower than that of butted joints and base metal.

Few studies have examined the association between perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative delirium (POD) in aged patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery. In this prospective study, 186 patients older than 65 years undergoing elective unilateral total hip replacement surgery were enrolled. Of those, 94 patients were randomly assigned to the restrictive strategy transfusion strategy group, in which red blood cells were transfused in order to maintain 10.0 g/dL>hemoglobin≧8.0 g/dL. Ninety-two patients were randomly assigned to the liberal transfusion strategy group, in which red blood cells were transfused in order to maintain hemoglobin≧10.0 g/dL. POD was diagnosed by confusion assessment method. The baseline characteristics of patients, the length of hospital stay, the incidence of POD, myocardial infarction, stroke, wound infection, pulmonary embolism, and the transfusion volume were recorded. No difference was observed in the baseline characteristics, the length of hospital stay, and the incidence of POD, myocardial infarction, stroke, wound infection, and pulmonary embolism between the two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of patients transfused with red blood cell and frozen plasma was decreased in the restrictive transfusion group compared with the liberal transfusion group (P

With the development of multimedia technology and computer network technology, multimedia teaching has become an important part of modern educational technology, and multimedia applications is inseparable from teaching multimedia educational software. Therefore, the development of multimedia educational software is a key point of carrying out the work of modern educational technology content.

We deposited a p-i-n structure device with alternative amorphous Si (a-Si) and amorphous SiC (a-SiC) multilayers as an intrinsic layer in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. A KrF pulsed excimer laser-induced crystallization of a-Si/a-SiC stacked structures was used to prepare Si quantum dots (Si QDs)/SiC multilayers. The formation of Si QDs with an average size of 4 nm was confirmed by Raman spectra, whereas the layered structures were revealed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Electroluminescence (EL) devices containing Si QDs/SiC multilayers embedded in a p-n junction were fabricated, and the device performance was studied and compared with the reference device without the p-i-n structure. It was found that the turn-on voltage was reduced and that luminescence efficiency was significantly enhanced by using the p-i-n device structure. The recombination mechanism of carriers in a Si-QD-based EL device was also discussed, and the improved device performance can be attributed to the enhanced radiative recombination probability in a p-i-n EL device.

Introduction Accumulating evidence suggests that enhanced inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Blood transfusion can trigger an enhancement of acute inflammatory responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that perioperative blood transfusion is associated with a higher risk of POCD in aged patients following total hip replacement surgery. Material and methods Patients older than 65 years undergoing elective total hip replacement surgery were enrolled from October 2011 to December 2012. Neurocognitive tests were evaluated at baseline and at 7 d after surgery by a Mini-Mental State Test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with POCD. Results Fifty-six patients (27.3%) developed POCD 7 d postoperatively. Patients who developed POCD were older, had a lower education level and preoperative hemoglobin concentration, had more blood loss, and had a lower body weight (p < 0.05). Patients with POCD were more likely to receive red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion (51.8% versus 31.5%; p < 0.05). A multivariable logistic regression model identified older age, lower education level, and perioperative blood transfusion of more than 3 units as independent risk factors for POCD 7 d postoperatively. Conclusion Our data suggested that perioperative blood transfusion of more than 3 units of RBCs is an independent risk factor for POCD in aged patients following total hip replacement surgery.

The spinal cord dorsal horn is an important action site for morphine analgesia. Wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the dorsal horn are essential to spinal pain transmission and show increased excitability after repetitive noxious drive (windup). In light of differences in mu-opioid receptor distribution and neurophysiological properties of WDR neurons between deep and superficial dorsal horn, we recorded extracellular single-unit activity of WDR neurons from deep (350–700 μm) and superficial (