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The article explores the unsatisfactory results of pre-election opinion polling in the 2015 British general election and the British Polling Council/Market Research Society (BPC/MRS) enquiry report into polling by P. Sturgis and colleagues, providing a response from Ipsos MORI and associated researchers at King's College London and Cranfield Universities. Topics discussed include examination on the accuracy of the forecasts drawn based upon pre-election opinion polls at the 2015 general election, and difference between the 2010 general election and the 2015 election.

Introduction The power of public opinion was vividly demonstrated recently in Britain by an event which grabbed the attention of the entire world. Princess Diana, an icon of our time [...]

UK pollsters were criticized for predicting that the Labor Party, rather than the Conservative Party, would win in the 1992 general elections. Prior to the 1992 elections, pollsters have had a good track record in picking election winners. In reaction to the wrong prediction, pollsters commissioned a study which eventually came out with several recommendations on the proper conduct of opinion polls. These were successfully used in the 1994 European elections, which offered hope that the inadequacy of opinion polls would be overcome.

A study reveals that the British government's refusal to accept popular demands is causing growing disenchantment of the public with politics. A substantial majority supports political and constitutional reforms on federal and democratic lines. The devolution of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, a system of referendum and a fixed term for parliament are supported by the majority but the ruling Tories show little interest in these issues. The Labour and Liberal Democrats favour reforms but they are not in power.

An index on partisanship for readers of all British dailies and Sunday Newspapers was created first by celulating an index of readership of all then papers during 1992 general elections. While year of 1993 and for the later part of 1994 and then readership level had been indexed for support for parties at the given time. Readers of the 'Daily Telegraph' were most partisan toward conservatives during election of all quality newspapers, and among middle market papers' readers of 'Daily Express,' and 'Daily Mail,' were more partisan toward tories. Readers of 'Guardian' became more supportive of Laborer in 1994 and later while liberal Democrat enjoy the support of the readers of 'Daily Express.'

A study of public attitudes to environmental issues compares the attitudes of the public with that of journalists, financial community, industrialists and members of the European Parliament. The public is demanding that the companies and governments take corrective action. It is suggested that political leaders all over the world are using environment only for political gains.

Using national survey data on voters' perceptions of party leaders during the 2010 British general election campaign, we use logistic regression analysis to explore the association between specific image attributes and overall satisfaction for each leader. We find attribute-satisfaction relationships differ in some respects between the three main party leaders, demonstrating that leader image effects are not symmetrical across leaders. We find evidence that negative perceptions have more powerful effects on satisfaction than positive ones, implying that parties should seek to determine a leader's image attribute perceptions measured against the public's expectations of them on the same dimensions. The positions that campaigners ought then to choose are those that will have the most beneficial effect in encouraging voting behaviour for each particular leader or discouraging voting behaviour for an opponent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2010 British election particularly focused on the party leaders’ images – a departure in fifty years of British elections. The principal contribution of the article is to illustrate how a combined approach to assessing leadership positioning using both the traditional survey and semiotic analysis can provide insights into what image attribute dimensions end up in the minds of members of the public (actual positioning) and on what image attribute dimensions party marketers are trying to position themselves (intended positioning). Using data from the 2010 British general elections, our findings indicate that the combined methodological approach would be particularly useful for brands that need repositioning, those whose image attribute positions change dramatically over time, and those who wish to target previously unresponsive target audience segments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The move of public finance accounting from one that emphasized only costs and savings to one that measures the effectivity of spending in terms of the satisfaction of constituents has placed new demands on public officials in the use of surveys to gauge public opinion on spending. One problem in survey research is the measure of values, especially in perceptions of public spending, which predominantly captures only opinions and attitudes, which are superficial measures of deep-seated perceptions on public spending.

Pollsters have had strong influences on the direction of public policy for many years, although parties and governments are becoming increasingly market- oriented following the trend in other charitable and not-for-profit sectors. Representative democracy requires market research techniques to systematically amass and analyze the opinions, attitudes and values of its citizenry, although political organizations need to take account of the nature of these elements prior to their collection and incorporation into public policy to avoid populistic measures from being drawn up. The authors believe that it is not market research that makes political organizations populistic but the inability of political organizations to assimilate the information obtained from the citizenry with their own ideas for political leadership. It is not market research and representative democracy that are paradoxical but representative democracy and populism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on international marketing. They include "Perspective on World Business," by Robert M. Worcester, "Worldwide Beauty Hints: How Clairol Markets Glamour in Any Language," by Oscar P. Arnay, and "Car Accessories in Belgium, France and the Netherlands," by William S. Peters.

Several abstracts are presented for articles related to international marketing. They include "Some Issues in International Marketing," by John S. Ewing and M. Y. Yoshino, appearing in the autumn 1966 issue of "Business and Society," "Agribusiness for Developing Countries," by Ray A. Goldberg, appearing in the September-October 1966 issue of "Harvard Business Review," and "Sports Equipment in West Germany," appearing in the January 1967 issue of "Marketing in Europe 51."

The article presents abstracts of articles related to international marketing appearing in various periodicals. Articles abstracted include "Food Distribution in Rio de Janeiro," by Thomas W. Culley, "Peru Still on Upswing," by John L. Barrett, appearing in the February 28, 1966 issue of "International Commerce," and "Swiss Import Surge Slows," by Malcolm Lawrence, appearing in the April 4, 1966 issue of "International Commerce."

The article presents abstracts of articles related to international marketing appearing in various periodicals. Articles abstracted include "An American Importer Views International Marketing," by Byron Tosi, appearing in the summer 1965 issue of "Business Topics," "Trade Abroad," appearing in the November 1965 issue of "Journal of American Society of Association Executives," and "How Singapore Break Affects U.S. Trade," appearing in the September 6, 1965 issue of "International Commerce."

The article presents abstracts of marketing focusing on foreign marketing. They include "Participation: Key to Profits Abroad" "Illinois Mission a Year Later," and "Background of Progress and Planning."

The article contains a section of abstracts regarding marketing management from various publications. Some of the articles include "Trends of Concentration in American Manufacturing Industries, 1947-1958," "Marketing in the Year 2000--A Ninteenth Century Forecast," and "Technical Characteristics of Distribution Simulators."

The article contains a section of abstracts regarding foreign marketing from various publications. Some of the articles include "Entering New Export Markets through Concentration and Cooperation Among Firms," "Market Research in India," and "Programming Changes in Marketing in Planned Economic Development."

The article presents a section of abstracts related to marketing in foreign countries. They include "Self-Service Packaging Code Strengthens Selling Efforts of Ten Countries of the World," "Tariffs in United States-Japan Trade: A Comparative Analysis," and "Italy as a Market: Background Data on a Burgeoning Economy."

The article presents abstracts of marketing literature related to marketing research and research techniques. They include "How Chronic Overclaimers Distort Survey Findings," by William D. Wells, "The Uses of Economic Research," and "Professional Writing: Why and How," by David R. Diley.

The article presents abstracts of business literature related to international marketing. They include "The Selection of Overseas Management," by Francis X. Hodgson, "El Salvador: Its Agriculture and Trade," by Mary S. Coyner, and "Implications of Freeze-Drying for Commodities Produced in the Western United States," by Kermit Bird.

The article presents abstracts of marketing literature related to agricultural marketing. They include "The Market Potential for Superconcentrated Apple Juice," by E.J McGrath and M.W. Weidenhamer, "Analyzing Food Brokers' Costs and Margins," by Frank Johnson, and "Special Promotional Programs for Winter Pears," by James F. Hind, Cleveland P. Eley, and Carl R. Twining.

The article presents abstracts of marketing articles related to international marketing. They include "French Retailing and the Common Market," by S. Watson Dunn, "A PR Job for International Businessmen," by John Fayerweather, and "Financing Export Sales," by Clarence J. Ruethling.

The article presents abstracts of marketing articles related to international marketing. They include "Bibliography on Domestic Marketing Systems Abroad," by Donald F. Mulvhill, "World Trade in Invisibles," by Ely Devons, and "Major Pitfalls in Sales and Distribution Methods in the Common Market," by Stewart C. Dalrymple.

The article presents international marketing abstracts. They include "Exporting Industrial Products via Commission Agents," by C. R. Russell, "Application of Systems Theory to Development Planning in Northeast Brazil," by Martin Stoller and Thomas Webb, and "They Take Millions Here."

The article presents international marketing abstracts. They include "New Era Opens for Public Relations Abroad," by Sylvan M. Barnet, Jr., "The International Store Keeper," by Stanley C. Hollander, and "Radio and Television in the Netherlands."

The article presents abstracts for articles related to the field of marketing management. They include "Growth, Conflict, and Government in the booming $202 Billion Automotive Aftermarket Reaches All North Americans," "Export! Why Or Why Not? Managerial Attitude for Smaller Sized Business Firms," and "Accountants, Not Merchants, Hold Retail Reins, Sahloff Complains."

The article presents a number of abstracts pertaining to international marketing. They include "Selling in Eastern Europe--Some Hints from Firms Serving the Tourist Trade," "Scandinavian Markets: A Multi--billion Dollar Potential for Export Sales from the States," and "How to Insure Your Assets and Profits Against Losses from Currency Devaluations."