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The continuous deterioration and development of tip leakage vortex (TLV) cavitation in the pump-jet propulsion significantly affect propulsion performance and operational stability. Larger eddy simulation and cavitation tunnel experiment are utilized to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of TLV cavitation under varying cavitation conditions. The results reveal that the continuous development of TLV cavitation prompts the TLV to gradually move away from the blade suction surface due to increasing pressure difference at the blade tip surface. Furthermore, the development of TLV cavitation amplifies the effect of the radial outward Coriolis force and makes the TLV even more unstable. Under the influence of the tip leakage flow, primary generation of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) persistently migrates to the TLV core center and subsequently travels downstream. Despite the large magnitude of TKE that occurs at the TLV core center, the TKE generation remains low. With the inception of TLV cavitation, the transport of TKE between the TLV core center and the surrounding flow gradually intensifies, followed by a subsequent weakening of this transport effect. It increases again as the breakdown of TLV becomes more severe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bio-macromolecules can yield relatively accurate results while suffering from the limitation of insufficient conformational sampling. On the other hand, the coarse-grained (CG) MD simulations efficiently accelerate conformational changes in biomolecules but lose atomistic details and accuracy. Here, we propose a novel multiscale simulation method called the adaptively driving multiscale simulation (ADMS)—it efficiently accelerates biomolecular dynamics by adaptively driving virtual CG atoms on the fly while maintaining the atomistic details and focusing on important conformations of the original system with irrelevant conformations rarely sampled. Herein, the "adaptive driving" is based on the short-time-averaging response of the system (i.e., an approximate free energy surface of the original system), without requiring the construction of the CG force field. We apply the ADMS to two peptides (deca-alanine and Ace-GGPGGG-Nme) and one small protein (HP35) as illustrations. The simulations show that the ADMS not only efficiently captures important conformational states of biomolecules and drives fast interstate transitions but also yields, although it might be in part, reliable protein folding pathways. Remarkably, a ∼100-ns explicit-solvent ADMS trajectory of HP35 with three CG atoms realizes folding and unfolding repeatedly and captures the important states comparable to those from a 398-µs standard all-atom MD simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the digital citizenship of secondary vocational students is critical for cultivating vocational talents in education. It is an inevitable requirement for modernizing vocational education. Focusing on social media competence, this study explores possible ways to improve the digital citizenship of secondary vocational students. A total of 469 secondary vocational students in Wuhan city, Hubei province, were investigated using questionnaires. The data analysis shows that the four dimensions of social media competence (technical use, content interpretation, content generation, and anticipatory reflection) significantly predict digital citizenship. On this basis, we propose four paths for improving the digital citizenship of secondary vocational students: creating a suitable environment for secondary vocational students to apply their skills in information technology; enhancing the ability of secondary vocational students to discriminate about information on the Internet; improving students' interpersonal communication ability when dealing with technical support; building an early warning system for secondary vocational students' behavioral perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family plays an important role in various biological processes in plants. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f) Nees, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, has been widely used as an important traditional herb with a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antivenom, antiretroviral, anticancer and so on. However, there was no comprehensive analysis of bZIP gene family in the Andrographis paniculata been reported. In this study, we identified 62 bZIPs in Andrographis paniculata and grouped them into 12 subfamilies through the phylogenetic tree analysis. The bZIPs in the same groups have similar motif composition, exon-intron structure and domain distribution. In addition, the RNA-seq data gave a reference for selecting candidate bZIPs to make further function verification. Lastly, qRT-PCR analyses revealed seven ApbZIPs (ApbZIP4, ApbZIP19, ApbZIP30, ApbZIP42, ApbZIP50, ApbZIP52, ApbZIP62) were the most highly expressed in leaf and significantly up-regulated with MeJA and ABA treatment which may be involved in biosynthesis regulation of andrographolide. These data pave the way for further revealing the function of the bZIPs in Andrographis paniculata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the main route of metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma (LA), and preoperative prediction of LNM in early LA is key for accurate medical treatment. We aimed to establish a preoperative prediction model of LNM of early LA through clinical data mining to reduce unnecessary lymph node dissection, reduce surgical injury, and shorten the operation time. Methods. We retrospectively collected imaging data and clinical features of 1121 patients with early LA who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery at the First Hospital of China Medical University from 2004 to 2021. Logistic regression analysis was used to select variables and establish the preoperative diagnosis model using random forest classifier (RFC). The prediction results from the test set were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the model. Results. Combining the results of logistic analysis and practical clinical application experience, nine clinical features were included. In the random forest classifier model, when the number of nodes was three and the n -tree value is 500, we obtained the best prediction model (accuracy = 0.9769), with a positive prediction rate of 90% and a negative prediction rate of 98.69%. Conclusion. We established a preoperative prediction model for LNM of early LA using a machine learning random forest method combined with clinical and imaging features. More excellent predictors may be obtained by refining imaging features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of atmospheric turbulence inflow on coupled dynamic behaviors and wakes of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is pronounced, especially as blade size increases. In this study, we explore the effects of atmospheric inflow on aero-hydrodynamics and wake characteristics of a spar-type FOWT. A well-validated in-house computational fluid dynamic (CFD) solver, FOWT-UALM-SJTU, is utilized to conduct the numerical simulations. To generate the realistic atmospheric inflow condition, the large eddy simulation (LES) with long-duration is employed. Two other cases involving uniform inflow and shear inflow are conducted to provide some comparable results. Compared to uniform inflow and shear inflow, the power and thrust of FOWT under atmospheric inflow display greater instability, with their power spectrums exhibiting higher intensity in high frequency region. The variation of yaw moment in atmospheric scenario is significantly drastic, leading to a remarkable response in platform yaw motion. Notably, the dominant frequency in this scenario is the blade passage frequency, as opposed to the incident wave frequency observed in the uniform and shear scenarios. The atmospheric inflow promotes the manifestation of wake breakdown and wake meandering, resulting in the faster wake recovery of FOWT. Besides, the meandering in the far wake is more significant compared to uniform and shear scenarios. The absence of vortex rings in atmospheric scenario is observed, along with the presence of more complex and smaller vortices in far wake. Our findings highlight the remarkable impacts of atmospheric inflow on dynamic responses and wake evolution of FOWT, and it is recommended that the atmospheric inflow be taken into account when assessing wake interactions between multiple FOWTs. • The LES is used to generate the physically realistic atmospheric turbulence inflow. • The fully coupled aero-hydrodynamics of FOWT are considered. • Wake characteristics of FOWT are investigated, extending as far as 9D downstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C22H10F4I2N4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.7940(3) Å, b = 5.34970(10) Å, c = 20.5119(5) Å, β = 101.673(3)°, V = 1052.49(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0222, wRref(F2) = 0.0505, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysosomal dysfunction and impaired autophagic flux are involved in the pathogenesis of lipotoxicity in the kidney. Here, we investigated the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy-lysosomal pathway, in palmitic acid induced renal tubular epithelial cells injury. We examined lipid accumulation, autophagic flux, expression of Ps211-TFEB, and nuclear translocation of TFEB in HK-2 cells overloaded with palmitic acid (PA). By utilizing immunohistochemistry, we detected TFEB expression in renal biopsy tissues from patients with diabetic nephropathy and normal renal tissue adjacent to surgically removed renal carcinoma (controls), as well as kidney tissues from rat fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and low-fat diet (LFD). We found significant lipid accumulation, increased apoptosis, accompanied with elevated Ps211-TFEB, decreased nuclear TFEB, reduced lysosome biogenesis and insufficient autophagy in HK-2 cells treated with PA. Kidney tissues from patients with diabetic nephropathy had lower nuclear and total levels of TFEB than that in control kidney tissues. Level of renal nuclear TFEB in HFD rats was also lower than that in LFD rats. Exogenous overexpression of TFEB increased the nuclear TFEB level in HK-2 cells treated with PA, promoted lysosomal biogenesis, improved autophagic flux, reduced lipid accumulation and apoptosis. Our results collectively indicate that PA is a strong inducer for TFEB phosphorylation modification at ser211 accompanied with lower nuclear translocation of TFEB. Impairment of TFEB-mediated lysosomal biogenesis and function by palmitic acid may lead to insufficient autophagy and promote HK-2 cells injury. • PA oversupply increased serine phosphorylation of TFEB at ser211 and reduces TFEB nuclear translocation in HK-2 cells. • Decreased nuclear distribution of TFEB ensuing impaired lysosomal biogenesis and insufficient autophagy. • The content of TFEB in renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy patients and HFD rats was lower than that of control group. • Overexpression of TFEB counteracts the impaired lysosome biogenisis and insufficient autophagy caused by PA intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanisms associated with the interaction of {332} twins are investigated in metastable Ti 15Mo alloy. There are 12 possible twin-twin junctions (TTJs) induced by {332} twins that can be classified into 5 types according to the crystallographic relation. Twin-twin interactions are accompanied with the formation of twin-twin boundaries (TTBs) on the acute side and obtuse side. Experimental results based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and procession electron diffraction (PED) show that subsequent growth of the TTBs is asymmetric with the twin thickening preferred only on one side for each type. Besides, it is observed that the twin-twin interaction could stimulate sequential {332} twinning inside the primary twin with a specific twin variant promoted. To account for the subsequent growth of the TTBs and the preferred selection of the sequential twinning variant associated with twin-twin interactions, the elastic energy analysis of the resultant dislocations at TTBs indicates that the growth of the TTBs is energetically favorable only on one side. Displacement gradient based analysis shows that the active sequential twin variant could maximumly accommodate the accumulated strain induced by the twin-twin interaction. This work is useful for predicting the preferential growth of the interfaces and the associated accommodation mechanisms induced by the interactions of localized shear bands. [Display omitted] • The growth of the interacted {332} twins is preferred only on one side for each type. • Twin-twin interactions could stimulate sequential twinning with a specific variant promoted. • The general analysis method for interaction mechanisms of localized shear bands is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrathin silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are ideal 1D channels to construct high performance nanoelectronics and sensors. We here report on a high-density catalytic growth of orderly ultrathin SiNWs, with diameter down to and narrow NW-to-NW spacing of only ∼80 nm, without the use of high-resolution lithography. This has been accomplished via a terrace-confined strategy, where tiny indium (In) droplets move on sidewall terraces to absorb precoated amorphous Si layer as precursor and produce self-aligned SiNW array. It is found that, under proper parameter control, a tighter terrace-step confinement can help to scale the dimensions of the SiNW array down to the extremes that have not been reported before, while maintaining still a stable guiding growth over complex contours. Prototype SiNW field effect transistors demonstrate a high Ion/Ioff current ratio ∼107, low leakage current of ∼0.3 pA and steep subthreshold swing of 220 mV dec−1. These results highlight the unexplored potential of catalytic growth in advanced nanostructure fabrication that is highly relevant for scalable SiNW logic and sensor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuroinflammation‐induced secondary injury is an important cause of sustained progression of spinal cord injury. Inflammatory programmed cell death pyroptosis executed by the pore‐forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is an essential step of neuroinflammation. However, it is unclear whether CD73, a widely accepted immunosuppressive molecule, can inhibit pyroptosis via mediating GSDMD. Methods: C57BL/6J CD73 deficient mice and wild‐type mice, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced primary microglia and BV2 cells were respectively used to illustrate the effect of CD73 on microglia pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. A combination of molecular and histological methods was performed to assess pyroptosis and explore the mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. Results: We have shown molecular evidence for CD73 suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes to reduce the maturation of GSDMD, leading to decreased pyroptosis in microglia. Further analysis reveals that adenosine‐A2B adenosine receptor‐PI3K‐AKT‐Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation. Importantly, we determine that CD73 inhibits the expression of GSDMD at the transcriptional level through Foxo1. What's more, we confirm the accumulation of HIF‐1α promotes the overexpression of CD73 after spinal cord injury (SCI), and the increased CD73 in turn upregulates the expression of HIF‐1α, eventually forming a positive feedback regulatory loop. Conclusion: Our data reveal a novel function of CD73 on microglia pyroptosis, suggesting a unique therapeutic opportunity for mitigating the disease process in SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptocaryon irritans, a pathogen model for fish mucosal immunity, causes skin mucosal and systematic humoral immune response. Where and how MHC II antigen presentation occurs in fish infected with C. irritans remain unknown. In this study, the full‐length cDNA of the grouper cysteine protease CTSS was cloned. The expression distributions of six genes (CTSB, CTSL, CTSS, GILT, MHC IIA and MHC IIB) involved in MHC II antigen presentation pathway were tested. These genes were highly expressed in systematic immune tissues and skin and gill mucosal‐associated immune tissues. All six genes were upregulated in skin at most time points. Five genes expected CTSS was upregulated in spleen at most time points. CTSB, CTSL and MHC IIA were upregulated in the gill and head kidney at some time points. These results indicate that the presentation of MHC II antigen intensively occurred in local infected skin and gill. Spleen, not head kidney, had the most extensive systematic antigen presentation. In skin, six genes most likely peaked at day 2, earlier than in spleen (5–7 days), marking an earlier skin antibody peak than any recorded in serum previously. This significant and earlier mucosal antigen presentation indicates that specific immune response occurs in local mucosal tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an extensive literature review, in this study we proposed a model of influencing factors that affect teachers' intention to adopt mobile devices in teaching. An online survey questionnaire was developed to investigate K-12 teachers' intention to adopt mobile devices in teaching and the influencing factors of that intention. Partial least squares (PLS) was employed to validate the proposed model and hypotheses using data collected from 132 primary and secondary school teachers. Results showed that teachers' attitude and technology beliefs, and their self-efficacy regarding mobile-based teaching had significant positive impacts on their intention to adopt mobile devices in teaching. Meanwhile, teachers' mobile device skills and mobile-based pedagogical knowledge strongly influenced their self-efficacy of mobile device-based teaching. Finally, the subject culture clash had a significant negative influence on teachers' attitudes, technology beliefs, and self-efficacy toward mobile-based teaching. Based on these findings, we put forward a number of suggestions to promote teaching using mobile devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

〈 a 〉dislocations on basal or prismatic planes and { 11 2 ¯ 2 } compression twins are commonly activated in deformed Titanium (Ti). In the present work, their interactions are investigated by both crystallographic analysis and atomistic simulations. For a three-dimensional { 11 2 ¯ 2 } twin, we firstly analyze seven possible twin boundaries (TBs) bonding two low index planes in matrix and twin. Next, we focus on the two lower energy boundaries, { 11 2 ¯ 2 } M / T ∥ { 11 2 ¯ 2 } T / M coherent twin boundary (CTB) and { 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 1 } M / T ∥ { 1 2 ¯ 1 1 ¯ } T / M . Depending on dislocation character and boundary type, we define four types of interactions between 〈 a 〉 dislocations and these TBs. Further, we predict possible dislocation reactions on/across TBs using crystallographic analysis according to the deformation compatibility and the change in elastic energy, such as twinning/detwinning of the primary twin, slip transmission and secondary twinning, for each type of interaction. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are then conducted for all interactions under pre-selected loadings in order to explore the dynamic process associated with each of these interactions and examine the predicted reactions. MD simulations predict that the interaction between 〈 a 〉 dislocations and some facets can lead to the formation of secondary twins and 〈 a 〉 dislocations on basal or prismatic planes in twins, and reveal the possibility of forming 〈 c 〉 and 〈 c + a 〉 dislocations in twins. Moreover, some of the possible reactions take place on lateral TBs other than CTBs. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti and its alloys have a variety of applications in aerospace industry and medical implants. The formation of hydride has been used in biomedical areas and can significantly influence the mechanical performance of materials. In this work, we investigate the orientation dependence of hydride precipitation in commercially pure titanium via interrupted in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. The results reveal that hydrides during hydrogen charging at room temperature exhibit two types of orientation relationships with α-titanium, i.e., { 0001 } α / / { 1 1 ¯ 1 } δ < 1 2 ¯ 10 > α / / < 110 > δ with interface plane { 10 1 ¯ 3 } α / / { 1 1 ¯ 0 } δ (B-type), and {0001} α //{001} δ < 1 2 ¯ 10 > α / / < 110 > δ with interface plane { 10 1 ¯ 0 } α / / { 1 1 ¯ 0 } δ (P-type). Significant orientation dependence of hydride precipitation is observed, especially when { 10 1 ¯ 3 } , { 10 1 ¯ 0 } , {0001} or { 11 2 ¯ 0 } planes of the parent grains are parallel to the diffusion surface. The displacement gradient tensor based accommodation shows that the orientation dependence is attributed to the strain relaxation of hydride transition. Three types of hydride platelets are characterized: parallel hydride platelets (Type I), crossed hydride platelets (Type II) and clustered hydride platelets (Type III). The multiple morphologies of hydride platelets resulting from the hydride variant selection and interaction are dependent on the crystal orientation of the matrix. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cavitating flow field in waterjet pumps is complex, especially tip leakage cavitation (TLC), which has been a puzzle to researchers for decades. In this study, high-speed video (HSV) of the instantaneous inner structures of tip cavitation flow is used to show the evolution of TLC. Numerical simulation is conducted with the scale adaptive simulation (SAS) turbulence model and Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (ZGB) cavitation model to understand the cavitation-vortex interaction in the blade tip region. The predicted cavitation performance curve exhibits reasonable agreement with the experimental results, and the time-dependent vapor iso-surfaces (αv = 0.1) are consistent with HSV at different times in a typical cycle. Numerical simulation results show that cavitation can enhance the turbulent kinetic energy in the unstable vortex cavitation region and downstream tip leakage vortex region along the blade. Different vortex identification methods, including vorticity, Q criterion, λci, λ2 criterion, Ω, and Liutex/Rortex, are investigated. Analysis and comparison of the iso-surfaces of the different vortex identification methods indicate that the Ω and Liutex iso-surfaces can effectively predict the tip leakage vortex core and vortex pair in the unstable vortex cavitation region. Analysis of the fifth clip contours shows that no obvious difference exists between Q and λ2 criteria in terms of predicting the vortex core. All vortex identification methods can accurately predict the tip separation vortex in the blade tip region, but only the Ω and Liutex iso-surfaces can predict weak vortices in the cavitation region. The influence of the small parameter ε of the Ω method on tip vortex identification is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow near the duct is very important for the efficiency and stable operation of a pump-jet propulsion. To study the flow near the outer surface and outlet of a duct, the larger-eddy simulation (LES) method is used to analyze the flow characteristics under different operating conditions. C v on different lines in the swirling-jet flow obtained by the LES method fits well with that of the laser Doppler velocimeter experiment. Based on the reliable results of numerical simulation, it was found that lower inflow velocity delays the generation of separation vortex on the duct's outer surface. When the developing separation vortex interacts with the swirling-jet flow, the strong interaction may destroy the structure of the tip leakage vortex and has a huge influence on the swirling-jet flow with the increasing advance coefficient. As a result, the stronger interaction makes the downstream swirling-jet flow even more complicated. In addition, the strongest intensity of the hub vortex occurs when the advance coefficient is 1.4. u i ′ u j ′ ‾ is very important for the reallocation of the time-average fluctuation kinetic energy. Therefore, it is selected for further flow analysis. Compared with others terms, u z ′ u z ′ ‾ has larger magnitude and is consistent with the distribution of C k. • The developing flow near the duct of an axial water-jet pump is studied based on LES method under three typical conditions. • With the increasing velocity of inflow, the stronger interaction of separation vortex and swirling-jet flow makes the swirling-jet flow more complicated and uneven. • Compared with others terms, u z ′ u z ′ ‾ has a dominant role for the swirling-jet flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a multifactorial process characterized by the progressive deterioration of physiological functions. Among the multiple molecular mechanisms, microRNAs (miRNAs) have increasingly been implicated in the regulation of Aging process. However, the contribution of miRNAs to physiological Aging and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We herein performed high‐throughput analysis using miRNA and mRNA microarray in the physiological Aging mouse, attempted to deepen into the understanding of the effects of miRNAs on Aging process at the "network" level. The data showed that various p53 responsive miRNAs, including miR‐124, miR‐34a and miR‐29a/b/c, were up‐regulated in Aging mouse compared with that in Young mouse. Further investigation unraveled that similar as miR‐34a and miR‐29, miR‐124 significantly promoted cellular senescence. As expected, mRNA microarray and gene co‐expression network analysis unveiled that the most down‐regulated mRNAs were enriched in the regulatory pathways of cell proliferation. Fascinatingly, among these down‐regulated mRNAs, Ccna2 stood out as a common target of several p53 responsive miRNAs (miR‐124 and miR‐29), which functioned as the antagonist of p21 in cell cycle regulation. Silencing of Ccna2 remarkably triggered the cellular senescence, while Ccna2 overexpression delayed cellular senescence and significantly reversed the senescence‐induction effect of miR‐124 and miR‐29. Moreover, these p53 responsive miRNAs were significantly up‐regulated during the senescence process of p21‐deficient cells; overexpression of p53 responsive miRNAs or knockdown of Ccna2 evidently accelerated the cellular senescence in the absence of p21. Taken together, our data suggested that the p53/miRNAs/Ccna2 pathway might serve as a novel senescence modulator independent of p53/p21 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet, new media and social change have created issues requiring digital citizenship education, particularly within the socio-cultural context of Chinese education. Recent digital citizenship standards for education developed by organizations such as the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) highlight the importance of this issue. Researchers have explored digital citizenship with some mediated behavioral determinants; however, the critical influence of interpersonal communication competence (ICC) has not yet been explored. To expand understanding of the components needed for improving the appropriateness of digital citizenship among future role models of society, this study investigates the relationship between ICC skills and digital citizenship with a sample of 905 pre-service teachers. The results showed that 10 ICC skills were positively predictive of digital citizenship. Environmental control and immediacy were found to be the strongest predictors of digital citizenship among the skills examined. These results theoretically emphasize the importance of ICC skills in mediated behavior and provide practical direction for improving pre-service teachers' digital citizenship, which can positively enable the behavior instructors display and convey to their future students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract The LDHs were delaminated to test their catalytic performance of syngas in the aqueous phase in a batch stirred reactor. The catalytic activity of 0.055–0.675 mol CO · mol Co - 1 · h - 1 and selectivity (S Oxy = 75–88%) to oxygenates (C 2) were observed. Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were innovatively employed in this study as catalyst for synthesis gas conversion to chemicals, such as oxygenates. Cobalt-aluminium layered double hydroxides (Co-Al LDHs) was prepared at different temperatures. and lactate was successfully intercalated into the LDHs by ion-exchange method and then the material was further delaminated in water at ambient temperature. The samples were characterized by SEM, TEM and AFM, and separately dispersed nanosheets can be clearly observed. The prepared lamellas were applied in aqueous-phase synthesis gas conversion reaction. The catalysts generated a superior activity of 0.055–0.675 mol CO · mol Co - 1 · h - 1 and greater oxygenated product (acetaldehyde) selectivity (S Oxy = 75–88%) than conventional cobalt Fisher-Tropsch (FT) synthesis catalysts. Ammonium ion showed some effect of the selectivity of the acetaldehyde. The original research results suggested a promising application of the mono-dispersed ultrathin cobalt-bearing LDHs nanosheets in the aqueous phase syngas conversion to valuable oxygenate products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Shock loading causes complicated twinning processes in Ti and Ti alloys. In this work, two types of {10 1 ¯ 2} sequential twinning processes are for the first time reported according to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization of titanium sheets that are subjected to shock loading. One is described as {11 2 ¯ 1} ⇒ P → {10 1 ¯ 2} ( T i I I ⇒ P → T j I ), i.e., {10 1 ¯ 2} sequential twinning is activated in the parent grain (P) along with {11 2 ¯ 1} twins. The other is described as {11 2 ¯ 2} ⇒ {11 2 ¯ 4} → {10 1 ¯ 2} ( C i I ⇒ C j I I → T k I ), i.e., {10 1 ¯ 2} secondary twinning is stimulated inside {11 2 ¯ 4} twin by co-zone {11 2 ¯ 2} twin. A statistical analysis according to EBSD characterization reveals the well-defined crystallographic relations between sequential {10 1 ¯ 2} twin variants and the primary/incoming twins, i.e., T i I I ⇒ P → T i I o r T i + 1 I and C i I ⇒ C i + 3 I I → T i I or T i + 1 I . We proposed and examined two sequential twinning mechanisms, (i) emissary twinning disconnections at steps along twin boundary for the first case and (ii) shear transformation into the primary twin for the second case, based on dislocation theory and the deformation accommodation ability of the sequential {10 1 ¯ 2} twinning to the shear deformation of the primary/incoming twin. Crystal plasticity modelling is performed to calculate the local stress field associated with the proposed twinning mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the preferred twin variant observed in experiments has the maximum resolved shear stress among the six twin variants. Our work suggests that complicated twinning processes under shock loading obey crystallographic relations according to deformation accommodation ability. The findings from this study can be implemented into meso-/macro-scale crystal plasticity models for predicting mechanical behaviors and texture evolution of polycrystalline aggregates of hexagonal materials. Graphical abstract Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract { 11 2 ¯ 2 } twinning commonly takes place in α-titanium (α-Ti). High-resolution transmission electron microscopies (HRTEM) explored various steps along { 11 2 ¯ 2 } coherent twin boundary. Topological model of { 11 2 ¯ 2 } twin revealed twinning disconnections (TDs) that are represented by ( b i , i h { 11 2 ¯ 2 } ) corresponding to a step height i h { 11 2 ¯ 2 } and a shear vector b i. Atomistic simulations were conducted to study the energies and kinetics of TDs. Combining microscopies and atomistic simulations, we concluded that ( b 3 , 3 h { 11 2 ¯ 2 } ) is the elementary TD and ( b 1 , h { 11 2 ¯ 2 } ) is the reassembly TD. Steps observed in HRTEM thus can be treated as a reassembly of ( b 3 , 3 h { 11 2 ¯ 2 } ) TDs and ( b 1 , h { 11 2 ¯ 2 } ) TDs. In addition, Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) maps revealed { 11 2 ¯ 2 } → { 11 2 ¯ 1 } double twins in α-Ti. Using two-dimensional and three-dimensional atomistic simulations, we demonstrated the nucleation of ( b 1 , h { 11 2 ¯ 2 } ) TD and { 11 2 ¯ 2 } → { 11 2 ¯ 1 } double twin through the interaction between basal < a > dislocation and { 11 2 ¯ 2 } twin. Our results enrich the understanding of { 11 2 ¯ 2 } twinning including TDs, steps, and { 11 2 ¯ 1 } secondary twins in hexagonal metals. Graphical abstract Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract CircRNAs are reported to be implicated in the development of lung cancer. This study focused on assessing the expression, functions and molecular mechanism of circPUM1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Here, it showed that circPUM1 is significantly upregulated in both lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and tissues. Furthermore, silencing of circPUM1 impaired the proliferation, migration and invasion ability, and increased apoptosis in A549 cells. Nevertheless, overexpression of circPUM1 in SPC-A1 cells has the opposite effect. Silencing of circPUM1 inhibits the tumorigenesis in nude mice. Mechanistically, circPUM1 could sponge miR-326 and promote the expression of its downstream proteins Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. In summary, this present study revealed that circPUM1 functions as an oncogene to promote the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma through circPUM1/miR-326/Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 axis. This indicates that circPUM1 may act as a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma. Highlights • Upregulation of circPUM1 in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and tissues. • Silencing of circPUM1 inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibited apoptosis in vitro, and vice versa. • CircPUM1 sponges miR-326 to upregulate Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expression to promote tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Six twinning modes have been reported in α-titanium, including three extension twinning modes {10 1 ¯ 2}, {11 2 ¯ 1} and {11 2 ¯ 3} and three compression twinning modes {11 2 ¯ 2}, {11 2 ¯ 4} and {10 1 ¯ 1}. {10 1 ¯ 2} and {11 2 ¯ 2} twins are frequently observed without strong dependence on strain rate, while {11 2 ¯ 1} and {11 2 ¯ 4} twins are observed at high strain rate. These twinning modes and their interactions such as double twinning play significant roles in determining mechanical properties and texture evolution of α-titanium. In this work, we study double twinning associated with {11 2 ¯ 1} primary twin. In order to activate {11 2 ¯ 1} twinning, a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device was adopted to conduct high strain rate (∼2600 s−1) compression of high purity titanium along the extrusion direction. We observed 453 {11 2 ¯ 1}→{11 2 ¯ 2} double twins but zero {11 2 ¯ 1}→{11 2 ¯ 4} double twins in six grains. Crystallographic analysis enables the classification of {11 2 ¯ 1}→{11 2 ¯ 2} double twins into Group I (29.5° < 1 ¯ 100>), Group II (55°<5 5 10 ¯ 3>), Group III (80.6°<1 1 ¯ 00>) and Group IV(86.8°< 5 ¯ 15 10 ¯ 3>) according to the misorientation angle and axis pair. Groups I and II dominate in the proportion of experimentally detected double twins while Groups III and IV take a small proportion. We account for these phenomena according to apparent Schmid factor, modified deformation gradient accommodation, and twin nucleation via dislocation dissociation. The results demonstrate that the preferred secondary twinning mode and corresponding variant would, to the greatest extent, relax plastic deformation associated with the primary twinning. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • High strain rate compression was conducted for high purity titanium along the extrusion direction. • EBSD reveals plenty of {11 2 ¯ 1}-{11 2 ¯ 2} double twins but zero {11 2 ¯ 1}-{11 2 ¯ 4} double twins. • {11 2 ¯ 1}-{11 2 ¯ 2} double twins are classified into four groups. Groups I and II prevail over Groups III and IV. • The preferred secondary twin mode and corresponding variant would maximally relax plastic deformation by the primary twinning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(100‐x) wt.% La0.9Sr0.1 Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 ‐ x wt.% Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (x = 0, 5, 10, 20) electrolytes were prepared by solid‐state reaction. The composition, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of the samples were investigated. At 300 ~ 600°C, the pure La0.9Sr0.1 Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 electrolyte has a higher conductivity compared to the composite electrolytes, but at 650 ~ 800°C the 95 wt.% La0.9Sr0.1 Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 ‐ 5 wt.% Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 composite electrolyte presents the highest conductivity, reaching 0.035 S cm−1 at 800°C. The cell performances based on La0.9Sr0.1 Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85‐Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 electrolytes were measured using Sr2CoMoO6‐La0.9Sr0.1 Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 as anode and Sr2Co0.9Mn0.1NbO6 ‐La0.9Sr0.1 Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 as cathode, respectively. At 800°C, the measured open‐circuit voltages are higher than 1.08 V, and the maximum power density and current density of the fuel cell prepared with 95 wt.% La0.9Sr0.1 Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 ‐ 5 wt.% Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 electrolyte reach 192 mW cm−2 and 720 mA cm−2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Twin-twin interactions form twin-twin boundaries (TTBs) which can prevent twin propagation, inhibit direct twin transmission, retard detwinning, and facilitate secondary twins. The current work studies the microstructure and interaction mechanisms of non-cozone twin-twin junctions by combining electron back-scatter diffraction observations and atomistic simulations. Non-cozone twin-twin interactions are defined as the intersecting line of the two twins isn't parallel to one < 1 2 ¯ 10 > zone axis (a-axis) and include two types, Type II(a) (T 2 → T 1) and Type II(b) (T 3 → T 1), according to the crystallography of two interacting twins. For Type II(a) interaction, both statistical results of experimental observations and interfacial energy calculation confirm TTB formation on the obtuse side of the incoming twin instead of the acute side. However, for Type II(b) interaction, the growth of twins on both sides is impeded, although the TTB on the acute side possesses the lowest interfacial energy. Atomistic simulation demonstrates that, for Type II(a) twin-twin interactions, positive resolved shear stresses on the obtuse side favor T 1 and T 2 twinning, while negative resolved shear stresses on the acute side impede T 1 and T 2 twinning. For Type II(b), negative resolved shear stresses on both the acute and obtuse sides result in impediment of twinning on both sides. These results can be used in developing micro/macro-scale predictive models that deal with the role of multiple twins and twin variants during mechanical processing. The analytical and simulation methods can be generalized and applied to atomistic analysis in different material systems to further explain the hardening mechanisms associated with twin-twin interactions. Graphical abstract Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) inflow has significant effects on behaviors of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT), especially for large-size wind turbine. In this study, numerical investigation of aerodynamics and wakes of a semi-submersible FOWT under ABL inflow is performed. The quasi-equilibrium ABL wind field is generated by large eddy simulations (LES) with sufficient simulation duration. The FOWT wakes are modeled by incorporating LES and actuator line model (ALM) in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework, and the FOWT dynamic responses are simulated by FAST code. A two-way coupling procedure is employed, in which the wind velocity around wind turbine sampled in CFD framework and the wind turbine's body forces and positions solved by FAST code are delivered to each other. The simulation case of a bottom-fixed wind turbine is performed to provide some comparable data. It is revealed that the power variation of FOWT is dominated by atmospheric turbulence, more than platform motions. The slightly enhanced out-of-plane shear force and bending moment of FOWT are caused by platform motions. Owing to the entrance of ambient atmospheric flow into wind turbine wakes, significant deflection of wakes is visualized. In addition, the wake center of FOWT is far away from hub height level due to pitch motion of platform, which is a potential benefit factor for downstream wind turbines. The spatiotemporal characteristics of turbulence intensity in FOWT wakes are complex, and the discrepancies of wakes between floating and bottom-fixed scenarios are not significant. • More realistic ABL inflow is generated by LES, rather than synthetic turbulence generation models. • Coupling of ABL model and dynamics of FOWT is employed to investigate aerodynamics and wakes of FOWT subjected to LES ABL. • Case of bottom-fixed wind turbine is simulated for reference and comparison. • Power variation of FOWT is dominated by atmospheric turbulence, more than platform motions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We experimentally characterized four types of double twins in pure titanium and discussed the selection of secondary twin variants based on the apparent Schmid factor (a-SF), the displacement gradient accommodation (DGA), the modified DGA (m-DGA), and the nucleation via dislocation dissociation (NDD). The four types of double twins are classified into two families according to their zone axes: co-family double twins and non-family double twins. Co-family double twins share the zone axis <10 1 ¯ 0>. Non-family double twins have different zone axes with one along < 11 2 ¯ 0 > and the other along <10 1 ¯ 0>. Experimental observations reveal that the co-family double twins have one secondary twin variant prevailed over others and the non-family double twins have two secondary twin variants preferred than others. The a-SFs associated with secondary twins are always positive once the primary twin is activated, thus predicting no obvious preference for the selection of secondary twin variants. The m-DGA and NDD correctly predict the selection of secondary twin variants, implying that the preferred secondary twin variant would, to the greatest extent, relax plastic deformation associated with the primary twinning and the nucleation of the secondary twin variant is facilitated by the accumulation of available gliding dislocations at the primary twin boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Macrophages are the dominant leukocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence revealed that CD204-positive (CD204+) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with the aggressive behavior of various cancers; however, the clinical, pathological, and prognostic associations of CD204+ TAMs with the subtype of lung adenocarcinoma have not been reported. Methods. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were constructed from clinical stage I lung adenocarcinomas with radical surgical resection. The intratumoral density of CD204+ cells was calculated using image analysis software for analyses. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results. The intratumoral density of CD204 was correlated with T stage, nodal involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and cancer relapse after the surgery, but not with age, gender, or smoking history. The density of CD204 in non-LPD was significantly higher than that in LPD. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of CD204 high-density group was significantly worse than that of CD204 low-density group. Conclusions. The expression of CD204 in TAMs is associated with the aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma. Our results suggest that a specific immune microenvironment may be associated with the biological behavior of lung adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) which bear two kinds of pores with different sizes and shapes have been synthesized. The heteropore COFs exhibit spectroscopic and color changes to 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) with extremely high selectivity and sensitivity, which makes them excellent macroscopic chemosensors for the selective detection of TNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two heteropore COFs have been constructed by taking advantage of orthogonal dynamic covalent bonds. And an unprecedented self-sorted pore-formation in the polymerization process was observed, from which micropores with distinctive bonding manners were produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have indicated that lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the common human malignancies, and its incidence keeps rising. With the help of microarray technology, downregulation of miR-373-3p was observed in LUAD tissues compared with normal lung tissues. Notably, the present study demonstrated that the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA in LUAD tissues was overexpressed compared with adjacent tissues. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that miR-373-3p may interact with the 3' untranslated region of APP mRNA, and then western blot and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were employed to verify the interaction. Finally, CCK-8 assays were used to measure the tumor-suppressing effect of miR-373-3p on A549 and it was demonstrated that overexpression of miR-373-3p may more effectively inhibit the proliferation of A549 compared with APP si-RNA. Overall, the findings suggest that miR-373-3p downregulation partly accounts for APP overexpression and leads to a promotion of cell growth in LUAD. miR-373-3p may therefore act as a valuable target in potential anticancer strategies to treat LUAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Periodic mechanical stress could significantly promote chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the ability of chondrocyte detecting and responding to periodic mechanical stimuli have not been well delineated. Methods: Quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to construct the differently expressed proteome profiles of chondrocyte under pressure. Then a combination of Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, lentiviral vector and histological methods were used to confirm the proteomic results and investigate the mechanoseing mechanism. Results: Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2), a component of integrin adhesome, was found a 1.49-fold increase in dynamic stress group. This process was mediated through integrin β1, leading to increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) respectively and then produce the corresponding biological effects. Conclusion: This was the first time to demonstrate Grb2 has such an important role in periodic mechanotransduction, and the proteomic data could facilitate the further investigation of chondrocytes mechanosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

contraction twins that are commonly activated in α-titanium interact to each other and form three types of twin-twin junctions (, , TTJs) corresponding to the crystallography of six twin variants (i = 1,2, …, 6). We detected 243 TTJs in rolled pure α-titanium sheets. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis reveals that TTJs are profuse, 79.8% among three types while and TTJs take up 17.7 and 2.5%. Twin transmission does not occur. Consequently, boundaries associated with twin-twin interactions block twin propagation and influence twin growth. We explain structural features of TTJs according to the Schmid factor analysis and the reaction mechanism of twinning dislocations. The knowledge regarding TTJs provides insight for improving the predictive capability of meso/macro-scale crystal plasticity models for hexagonal metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We herein report the construction of a new heteropore COF which consists of two different kinds of micropores with unprecedented shapes. It exists as hollow microspheres and exhibits an extremely high volatile iodine uptake (up to 481 wt%) by encapsulating iodine in the inner cavities and porous shells of the microspheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We experimentally studied sequential { 10 1 ¯ 2 } twinning in rolled pure titanium at room temperature and identified a new sequential twinning mechanism, i.e., { 10 1 ¯ 2 } ( T i I ) extension twin stimulated by the twin-twin junction of two primary {11 2 ¯ 1 } extension twins T i − 1 II and T i II , which holds a certain relation T i − 1 II T i II → T i I . Schmid factor analysis, as the local stress is taken into account, is able to determine the position of sequential twin variant, but cannot determine the twin variant. Displacement gradient accommodation is used to determine the twin variant. The well-known secondary {10 1 ¯ 2} ( T j I ) extension twins in primary {11 2 ¯ 2} ( C i I ) contraction twins (referred to as C i I → T j I double twinning) are also analyzed according to a generalized Schmid factor analysis. Displacement gradient accommodation and twin nucleation based on dislocations dissociation only work well for the most active twin variants, but cannot address other phenomena associated with C i I → T j I double twinning. For rarely activated twin variants, displacement gradient accommodation was not satisfied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finite element method (FEM) has been widely used to model interaction of tillage tool and soil, because it is capable to provide an accurate prediction of tillage resistance. However, there is little research on modeling soil-root interaction in soil tillage practice. The object of this paper is to advance a well adaptable numerical assistance to simulate the root-soil interaction and predict the resistance force on a stubble cutting tool. A 3D dynamic simulation model using the FEM was established to predict the resistance acting on the stubble-cutting blade in the present work. Soil was modeled as elastic-plastic material, corn stubble was simplified as an assembly of lines with various diameters, and soil and stubble were tied together as a complex. Two stubble-cutting blades with different cutting edges and two forward velocities were examined using a FE computation model and verified experimentally by field tests. Comparison result of simulation and experiment showed that the prediction from the FE model agreed well with the measurements in a field test. It can be concluded from these results that the FE model designed in this work is capable of being used as a convenient and dependable prediction tool in analysis and development of the working capacity of tillage tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNA-194 (miR-194), a typical p53 responsive miRNA, serves as a tumor suppressor similar as p53, and has been demonstrated to play an anti-proliferation role in various human cancers. In spite of the pivotal role of p53 during aging process, the knowledge of miR-194's contribution to cellular senescence is limited. We herein sought to explore the role of miR-194 in the replicative senescence and stress-induced senescence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Our results unraveled that, compared to young cells, miR-194 is highly expressed in senescent cells, and extra expression of miR-194 significantly triggers the replicative senescence of MEFs and H2O2-induced senescence of NIH/3T3 cells, while inhibition of miR-194 exhibited the opposite effect. We further unveiled that DNMT3A was a direct and authentic target of miR-194, which has been reported to be closely associated with cellular senescence. Taken together, our data suggest that miR-194 may significantly promote the development of cellular senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which potentially occurs through inhibiting the DNMT3A expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model system has been established to construct two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by taking advantage of the variable orientation of imine bonds. During the assembly process, the imine bonds adopt an unprecedented heterodromous orientation to facilitate the formation of the COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CXCL16 has been demonstrated to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). Nonetheless, the role of the CXCL16 polymorphisms on MI pathogenesis is far to be elucidated. We herein genotyped four tagSNPs in CXCL16 gene (rs2304973, rs1050998, rs3744700, and rs8123) in 275 MI patients and 670 control subjects, aimed at probing into the impact of CXCL16 polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to MI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that C allele (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03–1.66, and P=0.029) and CC genotype (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.11–3.06, and P=0.018) of rs1050998 were associated with increased MI risk; and C allele (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60–0.98, and P=0.036) of rs8123 exhibited decreased MI risk, while the other two tagSNPs had no significant effect. Consistently, the haplotype rs2304973T-rs1050998C-rs3744700G-rs8123A containing the C allele of rs1050998 and A allele of rs8123 exhibited elevated MI risk (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.02–1.96, and P=0.037). Further stratified analysis unveiled a more apparent association with MI risk among younger subjects (≤60 years old). Taken together, our results provided the first evidence that CXCL16 polymorphisms significantly impacted MI risk in Chinese subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By compression along the normal direction of rolled pure titanium sheet, primary { 11 2 ¯ 2 } type compression twins were observed, followed by secondary { 10 1 ¯ 2 } extension twins. The latter can be classified into three groups according to their misorientation with respect to the parent matrix grains: 41.34° around < 5 143 ¯ > (Group I), 48.44° around < 5 ¯ 50 3 ¯ > (Group II), and 87.85° around < 7 43 ¯ 0 > (Group III). The experimental observations revealed the following activity frequency of these groups: Group II is the most frequent followed by Group I, and only a few secondary twins can be seen for Group III. When the classical Schmid factor (SF) analysis is applied, the smallest activity is predicted for Group III, in agreement with the experimental observations. However, the SF based criterion fails to distinguish between Group I and Group II variants. Similarly, the twin-shear accommodation based variant selection model proposed earlier for titanium [Qin and Jonas, Acta Mater. 75 (2014) 198–211] is not effective because the easiest accommodation by prismatic slips favors Group III variants which are nearly absent in the experiment. A possible explanation can be based on the smallest inclination angle of the secondary twinning habit plane with respect to the primary one, proposed by Barnett et al. [Acta Mater. 56 (2008) 5–15] which clearly favors Group II. It cannot make distinction between variants of the same group but can predict the right variants if complemented with the SF criterion. In the present work a new approach is proposed in order to disclose the preference for Group II variant over Group I. It is based on the special twinning geometry that applies to Group II; the intersection line of the primary and secondary twin planes lies in an active prismatic plane in the primary twin. Consequently, dislocation reactions are possible for the selection of secondary twin variant in Group II. Namely, prismatic < a > type dislocations in the primary twin can produce partial dislocations that activate the corresponding secondary twin variant. Nevertheless, a further selection rule has to be applied to choose one out of the two possible Group II variants; this is based on the higher Schmid factor of the two secondary variants. By contrast, pyramidal dislocations would be required for the formation of Group I twins, which is less likely due to their relatively high critical resolved shear stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating different kinds of pores into one covalent organic framework (COF) endows it with hierarchical porosity and thus generates a member of a new class of COFs, namely, heteropore COFs. Whereas the construction of COFs with homoporosity has already been well developed, the fabrication of heteropore COFs still faces great challenges. Although two strategies have recently been developed to successfully construct heteropore COFs from noncyclic building blocks, they suffer from the generation of COF isomers, which decreases the predictability and controllability of construction of this type of reticular materials. In this work, this drawback was overcome by a multiple-linking-site strategy that offers precision construction of heteropore COFs containing two kinds of hexagonal pores with different shapes and sizes. This strategy was developed by designing a building block in which double linking sites are introduced at each branch of a C3-symmetric skeleton, the most widely used scaffold to construct COFs with homogeneous porosity. This design provides a general way to precisely construct heteropore COFs without formation of isomers. Furthermore, the as-prepared heteropore COFs have hollow-spherical morphology, which has rarely been observed for COFs, and an uncommon staggered AB stacking was observed for the layers of the 2D heteropore COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategy to construct covalent organic frameworks (COFs) bearing two different kinds of pores has been developed, by which two dual-pore COFs were fabricated through the condensation reactions of two D2h symmetrical building blocks. The COFs exhibit good adsorption capacities for CO2 and H2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulated dislocations are widely reported to be easily transmitted at low angle grain boundaries (GBs), while the associated mechanism at high angle GB needs further investigation. In this paper, the mechanisms associated with the interaction between GBs and 〈111〉 dislocations are investigated in Ti-5553 alloy with body-centered cubic structure. Slip traces transmitted into the neighboring grain or blocked by GBs are observed on the surface of the sample via secondary electron imaging. The corresponding slip system is determined with the combined use of EBSD-detected grain orientation and slip traces. The experimental results indicate that most slips can transfer at low angle GBs, while some slips can also transmit into the neighbor at high angle GBs. The misorientation angle of GBs is invalid to evaluate the mechanism induced by the interaction of dislocations with GBs. Crystallographic alignment-based analysis shows that slip transfer happens at GBs with favorable parameters of high geometric alignment (m ′) and low residual Burgers vector magnitude (|∆ b |). The general relation of GB misorientation angle with m ′ and |∆ b | is established. The results indicate that low angle GBs always possess high m ′ and low ∆ b , while only some high angle GBs meet the requirement of large alignment parameters. This difference contributes to their preference of slip transfer. Finally, the orientations of best neighboring grains that are favorable for slip transfer are calculated, which is in agreement with the experimentally detected examples. [Display omitted] • Dislocations can transmit at some high-angle grain boundaries with special orientations. • General effect of grain boundary misorientation angle on slip transmission is studied. • The best orientations of neighboring grains favorable for slip transmission are established for low- and high-angle GBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs are a large class of tiny noncoding RNAs, which have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, and thus are involved in multiple cellular processes, including cellular senescence. MicroRNA-33 has previously been established to exert crucial effect on cell proliferation, lipid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism. Nonetheless, the association between microRNA-33 and cellular senescence and its underlying molecular mechanism are far to be elucidated. The present study has attempted to probe into the effect of microRNA-33 on MEFs senescence. Our data unveiled that microRNA-33 was dramatically down-regulated in senescent MEFs compared to the young MEFs, and ectopic expression of microRNA-33 promoted MEFs senescence, while knock-down of microRNA-33 exhibited a protective effect against senescence phenotype. Moreover, we verified CDK6 as a direct target of microRNA-33 in mouse. Silencing of CDK6 induced the premature senescence phenotype of MEFs similarly as microRNA-33, while enforced expression of CDK6 significantly reverse the senescence-induction effect of microRNA-33. Taken together, our results suggested that microRNA-33 enhanced the replicative senescence of MEFs potentially by suppressing CDK6 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersection of two 10 1 ̅ 2 twins has been extensively reported in hexagonal metals and appears at grain boundaries with low misorientation angles. In the current work, compression was applied along the normal direction of rolled pure titanium. Primary 11 2 ̅ 2 contraction twins accommodated by adjacent 10 1 ̅ 2 extension twins were found at high angle grain boundaries with misorientation angles close to 90°. The mechanism accounting for the variant selection of the adjoined 10 1 ̅ 2 twins is examined in terms of Schmid factor and accommodation capacity of potential twin variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SIRT6 has been demonstrated to exert protective effects on endothelial cells and is closely associated with lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and obesity, indicating an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Nonetheless, the biological significance of SIRT6 variants on CAD is far to be elucidated. Here we aimed to investigate the influence of SIRT6 polymorphisms on individual susceptibility and severity of CAD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis exhibited no significant association between these five polymorphisms and CAD risk in the genotype and allele frequencies. However, we found that the rs352493 polymorphism in SIRT6 exhibited a significant effect on the severity of CAD; C allele (χ2 = 7.793, adjusted P=0.013) and the combined CC/CT genotypes (χ2 = 5.609, adjusted P=0.031) presented the greater CAD severity. In addition, A allele (χ2 = 5.208, adjusted P=0.046) and AA (χ2 = 4.842, adjusted P=0.054) of rs3760908 were also associated with greater CAD severity in Chinese subjects. Our data provided the first evidence that SIRT6 tagSNPs rs352493 and rs3760908 play significant roles in the severity of CAD in Chinese Han subjects, which might be useful predictors of the severity of CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact model for the single-poly multitime programmable (MTP) memory cells is presented in this paper for the first time. It is based on the charge balance approach, while the traditional old model is on the fixed capacitive coupling approach. The proposed cell model has been implemented by Verilog-A and integrated into commercial SPICE simulator. The model supports both dc and transient analyses, and the simulated results are consistent very well with those from device simulation and measurement, whereas the results by the traditional old model deviate substantially. Furthermore, the comprehensive optimization of the MTP cells is made feasible thanks to the new model, such as device size, high voltage ramp rate, and reliability prediction. As a result, this compact cell model will be very useful for the designers to evaluate and optimize a single-poly MTP cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]