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Viral infection is a significant risk factor for fertility issues. Here, we demonstrated that infection by neurotropic alphaherpesviruses, such as pseudorabies virus (PRV), could impair female fertility by disrupting the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis (HPOA), reducing progesterone (P4) levels, and consequently lowering pregnancy rates. Our study revealed that PRV exploited the transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) and its lipid activator, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2), to facilitate viral entry through lysosomal cholesterol and Ca2+. P4 antagonized this process by inducing lysosomal storage disorders and promoting the proteasomal degradation of TRPML1 via murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-mediated polyubiquitination. Overall, the study identifies a novel mechanism by which PRV hijacks the lysosomal pathway to evade P4-mediated antiviral defense and impair female fertility. This mechanism may be common among alphaherpesviruses and could contribute significantly to their impact on female reproductive health, providing new insights for the development of antiviral therapies. Author summary: Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alphaherpesvirus of swine, is the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease and causes a significant economic impact in animal husbandry. Although it is known that PRV infection results in abortion, the mechanism involved in this clinical symptom remains elusive. Here, we reported that PRV infection affected fertility and progesterone (P4) levels through the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis (HPOA). Moreover, PRV activated transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) to facilitate lysosome-dependent viral entry. However, P4 induced proteasomal degradation of TRPML1 via murine double minute 2 (MDM2), thereby inhibiting viral entry. Overall, we have revealed a novel mechanism by which PRV influences P4 to induce infertility and promote viral replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polyanion cluster H6Na8Cs3[Co9(μ3-OH)3(H2O)6(HPO4)2(B-α-PW9O34)3]Cl·40H2O (1) was made with the guidance of the lacunary directing strategy under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses showed that 1 consists of three anions [B-α-PW9O34]9− and a cyclic cationic [Co9(μ3-OH)3(H2O)6]15+ and two anions HPO42−. Variable-magnetic properties indicate antiferromagnetic interactions in 1. Visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution tests demonstrated that 1 was an efficient water reduction catalyst with an H2 evolution rate of 1217.6 μmol h−1 g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new nonaborates, Na2Ba0.5[B9O15]·H2O (1) and Na4Ca1.5[B9O16(OH)2] (2), have been solvothermally made with mixed alkali and alkaline-earth metal cationic templates. 1 and 2 are constructed by two different types of nonaborate clusters. In 1, the [B9O19]11− cluster is composed of three corner-sharing [B3O7]5− clusters, of which two of them interconnect to the 1D B3O7-based chains and are further bridged to the 3D framework with 7 types of 10-MR channels by another [B3O7]5− bridging cluster. The [B9O18(OH)2]11− cluster in 2 is made of four BO4-sharing [B3O8]7− clusters. As a 4-connected node, the interconnections of [B9O18(OH)2]11− construct the unpreceded 2D layer with large 14-MR windows, which are further joined by H-bonds to the 3D supramolecular framework. UV–Vis absorption spectra reveal that both 1 and 2 have short cutoff edges below 190 nm, exhibiting bandgaps of 6.31 and 6.39 eV, respectively, indicating their potential applications in deep UV (DUV) regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new B3O7 cluster-based borates, [B6O9(OH)2]·H2dap (1, dap = 1,2-diaminopropane) and Li0.5Ca0.5[B3O5][BO(OH)2]0.5 (2), were solvothermally synthesized using different organic and inorganic templates, respectively. In 1, two different B3O7 clusters interconnect to construct a rare 2D fluctuant layer with 11-MR unclosed channels. Templating [H21,2dap]2+ located in the interlayers stabilizes the layers through H-bonds. 2 features an acentric 3D open framework with 17-MR large channels built by 4-connected B3O7 clusters. Guest Li-BO(OH)2-Ca 1D chains intercalate in the 17-MR channels, directing the formation of the 3D open framework through host–guest symmetry and charge matching. 2 is a phase-matchable nonlinear optical (NLO) material with a second-harmonic generation (SHG) response ∼1.6 times that of KDP (KH2PO4). UV-vis absorption spectra reveal that 1 and 2 have short cut-off edges of 205 and 213 nm, respectively, indicating that 1 is a wide-band semiconductor and 2 is a UV NLO material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Co4-added polyoxometalate (CoAP) Cs4[(Co(H2O)5)2{(μ2-Co(H2O)4)2Co4(H2O)2(B-α-GeW9O34)2}]·6H2O (1) has been made using a lacunary directing strategy under hydrothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that 1 is a one-dimensional (1D) chain, in which CoAP is linked by cobalt-oxygen octahedra to form a 1D structure with excellent chemical stability. The visible light-driven H2 evolution test demonstrated that 1 has high activity, with an H2 evolution rate of 1485.95 μmol h−1 g−1. PXRD and FT-IR tests demonstrated that compound 1 exhibits excellent heterogeneous catalytic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new mixed-alkaline-metal borates, namely KNa8[Li@B12O18(OH)6](CO3)2 (1), Cs10[Li@B12O20(OH)2]2·6H2O (2) and Cs5[Li@B12O20(OH)2]·3H2O (3), have been synthesized under hydro/solvothermal conditions. Compound 1 is a borate carbonate with the isolated [Li@B12O18(OH)6]5− clusters and interesting layers formed by Na+ and CO32− ions, forming a 2D supramolecular structure with a 3,6-connecting binodal system. After changing the synthetic conditions, the isolated [Li@B12O18(OH)6]5− clusters are successfully extended to the layers in 2 and 3 by condensation reactions with the elimination of water molecules between oxoboron clusters. Each new fundamental building block [Li@B12O22(OH)2]9− in 2 and 3 connects with four neighboring units to form a 2D layer via B–O–B bonds for the first time, and 14-membered rings are also observed. Such a layer structure is first observed in dodecaborates. Since compound 3 crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group, the second harmonic generation measurement and the dipole moments calculation have been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new metal borates, namely K0.5[B6O10]·H2O·1.5H3O (1), [GaB5O10]·H2en (2) and NaCs[Ga{B5O9(OH)}{BO(OH)2}] (3), have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Compound 1 features an intricate 3D framework composed of [B6O13]8− clusters, resulting in a 6-connected achiral pcu net. After introducing the organic gallium, one of the BO4 groups of the [B6O13]8− cluster is substituted by a GaO4 polyhedron to form the acentric [GaB5O13]8− cluster in 2. It also displays a high second-harmonic generation (SHG) response about approximately 2.6 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP), which is higher than those of alumino-borates (ABOs) containing the acentric [AlB5O13]8− cluster (0.3–2.1 times that of KDP). Dipole moment calculations have been carried out to confirm these results. In the process of trying to synthesize a new compound with a denser structure than 2, we have unexpectedly obtained 3 crystallized in the centrosymmetric (CS) space group, which shows a 1D structure constructed from the [Ga{B5O9(OH)}{BO(OH)2}]2− cluster. This kind of low-dimensional structure is rare in gallo-borates (GBOs) as well as ABOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anderson-type polyoxometalates have exhibited remarkable catalytic capabilities in a wide range of reactions. This discourse delves into the distinct categories of Anderson POMs and their respective catalytic reactions, which are examined in separate segments. These encompass the straightforward {XMo6} POMs, the organic grafting {XMo6} POMs, and the integration of POMs into POM cluster organic frameworks. It is important to highlight that specific catalytic functionalities can solely be accomplished via the utilization of Anderson-type POMs, thus emphasizing their indispensable role in future explorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel di-ZrIV-substituted sandwich-type silicotungstate (NH4)2(TMA)6[Zr2(μ-OH)2(α-HSiW11O39)2]·18H2O (1, TMA = tetramethylammonium) and a previously unknown EDTA bridging mono-ZrIV-substituted silicotungstate dimeric cluster (NH4)2(TMA)6[(Zr2EDTA)(α-HSiW11O39)2]·26H2O (2, EDTA = C10H14N2O8) have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. 1 and 2 contain a centrosymmetric polyoxoanion structures with two [α-SiW11O39]8− units sandwiching a [Zr2(μ-OH)2]6+ cluster and [Zr2EDTA]6+ moiety, respectively. The catalytic activities of 1 and 2 on oxygenation of thioethers by H2O2 were evaluated, showing that both 1 and 2 are excellent catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides/sulfones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A new acentric borate of LiK[B 5 O 8 (OH)]·1.5H 2 O (1) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV spectrum, respectively. The structural analysis shows that 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group C 222 1 with a = 6.6403(4) Å, b = 11.7638(9) Å, c = 20.5334(13) Å, and Z = 2. In the structure 1 , the structural building unit, B 5 O 10 (OH) cluster, connects with four same ones to form 2-D [B 5 O 8 (OH)] n 2n- layer with nine-member ring windows. Furthermore, the 2-D layers packed in the -ABCD- mode, which is an unprecedented stacking-mode in layered borates. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements on the powder samples reveal that 1 exhibits SHG efficiency approximately 1.3 times that of KH 2 PO 4 (KDP). Also it has a UV cutoff edge below 200 nm. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • A new acentric mixed metal borate. • This compound stacked in the -ABCD- mode which is an unprecedented stacking-mode in the layered borates. • The SHG measurements and the UV diffuse reflectance spectrum indicated that the compound 1 is a potential deep-UV NLO material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The grafts of fluorophores 9‐anthraldehyde (AD) and 9‐phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde (PD), respectively, on the one‐dimensional spin‐crossover compound [Fe(L)3](ClO4)2 (FeL, L=4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole) by post‐synthetic aldimine condensation reactions produced two spin‐crossover (SCO)–fluorescent hybrid materials, that is, FeL‐AD and FeL‐PD. The spin‐crossover critical temperatures of the two materials both centered at Tc↓=254 and Tc↑=256 K, whereas the fluorescence intensities of the two materials featured functions of the temperature that strictly synchronized with the spin‐crossover processes, which showed that the ligand‐centered fluorescence was dominated by the spin states of the ferrous ions. The bifunctional entities (spin‐crossover centers and fluorophores) in FeL‐AD or FeL‐PD showed spectral band overlap that purported the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism of such spin‐crossover–fluorescence correlation. The post‐synthetic modification of SCO materials and the relationship between the fluorescence and the SCO may be helpful in the development of multifunctional materials that can be sensitive to multiple stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new borates [Cu(1,3-dap) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ][Cu(1,3-dap) 2 (B(OH) 3 ) 2 ][B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 ( 1, 1,3-dap = 1,3-diaminopropane), [Cu(py) 4 (H 2 O)][B 5 O 6 (OH) 4 ] 2 ·3py·H 2 O ( 2 , py = pyridine) and (HDMF) 2 [NH(CH 3 ) 3 ] 4 [NH 2 (CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 Mg 2 [B 17 O 26 (OH) 4 ][B 17 O 27 (OH) 4 ]·NH 3 ( 3 , DMF = N , N -dimethylformamide) have been synthesized under mild solvothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, diffuse reflectance spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction. 1 and 2 exhibit 3-D supramolecular hydrogen-bonded architectures constructed from isolated oxoboron clusters [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 − and [B 5 O 6 (OH) 4 ] − , respectively. The structure of 3 features two different 1-D chains built by unprecedented [B 17 O 26 (OH) 4 ] 5 − and [B 17 O 27 (OH) 4 ] 7 − clusters, respectively. And the adjacent chains are alternatively linked by H-bonding to form a 3-D supramolecular framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel magnesoborate, Mg7@[B69O108(OH)18], with a 3D supramolecular framework has been made under solvothermal conditions, and features wonderful snowflake-like channels assembled from unprecedented [B69O108(OH)18] clusters. Notably, unique triple-helical ribbons reside in the middle of the B69 cluster. Up to now, the discovery of a B69 cluster sets a new record in cluster sizes among borates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixteen novel fluoro-substituted coumarin hydrazones were synthesized from a series of ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2 H -chromene-3-carboxylates with supported acid catalyst under microwave-assisted one-pot and solvent free conditions. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compared with the reported reaction conditions, the new method has the advantages of shorter reaction time, simple work-up procedure and environmental friendliness. The supported catalyst can be recovered easily and reused with little change in its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hydroxo-lanthanide cluster organic framework, SmL( μ-OH)(HO)·HO ( 1), derived from the 4-pyridin-4-ylbenzoic acid (HL) has been hydrothermally made and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structure analysis shows the hexanuclear Sm cluster unit is composed of inorganic tetranuclear hydroxo [Sm(OH)] (Sm) cluster and dimeric [Sm(COO)] (Sm) core. The Sm cluster units are connected by L ligands to form a 2D Ln-based cluster organic framework. From the topological point of view, the layer architecture can be described as 4-connected sql net. Furthermore, the elemental analysis, PXRD, IR and TGA are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel cluster organic framework, ErCuIL(HO) ( 1, L = 4-pyridin-3-yl-benzonate), has been hydrothermally made and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structure analysis shows [Er(COO)] (Er) clusters are linked by carboxylate groups generating one dimensional wave-like chain, which further extended by CuI (Cu) clusters into three dimensional heterometallic cluster organic framework. From the perspective of topology, such framework defines a new (7,9)-connected net, considering Er and Cu cores as the nodes. Furthermore, the elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Zr-added trimer, [H2N(CH3)2]10H14[(Zr2P2W16O61)3]·7H2O (1), has been made under hydrothermal conditions, and contains the highest number of Zr centers in known Dawson-type poly(POM)s. A remarkable feature of this study is the first discovery of a new type of divacant [α-5,10-P2W16O60]14− fragment, which assembles with Zr4+ ions to form a cyclic trimer. Furthermore, 1 as a heterogeneous catalyst exhibits high activity for the selective oxidative degradation of a sulfur mustard simulant CEES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new noncentrosymmetric strontium borate, P1‐Sr2[B5O8(OH)]2 ⋅ [B(OH)3] ⋅ H2O (1), has been synthesized under the hydrothermal condition. The P1‐Sr2[B5O8(OH)]2 ⋅ [B(OH)3] ⋅ H2O shows a layered B−O network with 9‐ring windows in the ab plane. Sr2+ cations, H3BO3, and H2O molecules are located in the voids of layers and interlayers, respectively. The P1‐Sr2[B5O8(OH)]2 ⋅ [B(OH)3] ⋅ H2O is the first synthetic phase of veatchite, while the other three polymorphs are found in different natural minerals. This strontium borate is a potential deep‐ultraviolet‐transparent nonlinear‐optical (NLO) crystal whose second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG) intensity is 1.7 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP) and is phase‐matchable. The short wavelength cutoff edge of compound 1 is below 190 nm. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the B−O units are responsible for the nonlinear optical property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two structurally new Lindqvist hexaniobate-templated silver thiolate clusters, [Nb6O19@Ag45(iPrS)23(CH3COO)14] (Ag45) and (H3O)4[Nb6O19@Ag41KS2.5O2(H2O)7.5(iPrS)24(CH3COO)5] (Ag41), were synthesized using a facile one-pot solvothermal approach. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the presence of a classical Lindqvist-type [Nb6O19]8− anion template, with iPrS− and CH3COO− surface-protecting ligands in both silver clusters, which can further form two-dimensional Ag45 assembly and one-dimensional Ag41 chain packing structures. Both Ag45 and Ag41 clusters exhibited intriguing photothermal conversion properties and temperature-dependent emission behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three lanthanide–transition-metal coordination polymers, namely, [Er2L6(H2O)][Cu2I2] (1), [ErL3][CuI] (2), and [Dy2L6(BPDC)0.5(H2O)4][Cu3I2] (3) (HL=4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic acid, H2BPDC=4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid) have been made by reacting Ln2O3 and CuI with HL at different temperatures under hydrothermal conditions. All the complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. 1–3 all construct from dimeric {Ln2} and {Cu2} units and exhibit two types of the structural features: 1 is a two-dimensional layer, 2–3 are three-dimensional frameworks. Interestingly, the in situ formation of the BPDC ligand is found in the structure of 3. The distinct architectures of these complexes indicated that the reaction temperature plays an important role in the formation of higher dimensional coordination polymers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three 3D heterometallic 3d–4f MOFs, formulated as [Gd4L12(Cu10I8)(H2O)10]·2ClO4·4H2O (1), [La4(Ox)2L8(Cu7I5)(H2O)4]·2ClO4·4H2O (2), and [La4Na(Ox)3L8(Cu7I6)(H2O)3]·5H2O (3) [where Ox = oxalate, HL = 4-pyridin-4-ylbenzonic acid], have been made under hydrothermal conditions. All the MOFs are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These novel 3D pillared-layer frameworks are constructed from 2D lanthanide–organic layers based on tetranuclear lanthanide clusters, and pillared by diverse copper(i) halide motifs. The oxalate is introduced as a coligand to make the hook-like tetramer in compound 1 into compact butterfly-like tetramer in compounds 2 and 3 due to its size preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two layered galloborates (GBOs), Na3GaB4O9 (1) and Na5Ga[B7O12(OH)]2·2B(OH)3 (2), have been solvothermally made. 1 exhibits an unprecedented layer built by GaO4 tetrahedra and B4O9 clusters. 2 was made by raising the ratio of B/Ga and the reaction temperature of 1, featuring a 2D acentric layer built by GaO4 groups and B7O13(OH) clusters. 2 shows the highest second-harmonic generation (SHG) response of 4.6 times that of KDP (KH2PO4) among main group metal borates (MBOs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some new methods, such as air oxidation, catalytic oxidation, and solvent-free synthesis, are developed for the synthesis of 3-methyl-1-phenylchromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones(2) from the cyclization of 3-[1-(phenyl-hydrazono)ethyl]-chromen-2-ones(1). Compared with air oxidation, catalytic oxidation can increase the rate of the cyclization of compound1, and the solvent-free synthesis showed advantages of no organic solvent pollution, elevated reaction rate, and higher selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Four novel gallium and indium borates, [M(en)2][B5O8(OH)2]·H2O (M=Ga (1), In (2); en=ethylenediamine), [In(dap)2][B5O8(OH)2]·H2O (3, dap=1,2-diaminopropane), [In(dien)][B5O8(OH)2] (4, dien=diethylenetriamine), have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are isostructural and consist of one-dimensional (1-D) chains built up from [B5O8(OH)2]3− clusters and Ga-/In-complex linkers. The structure of compound 4 features a 1-D chain containing 8-member rings built by [B5O8(OH)2]3− clusters and {In2O4} dimeric cluster linkers which have never observed in the structural chemistry of borates to date. The H-bonding interactions between adjacent chains lead to 3-D supramolecular network structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two non-centrosymmetric barium borates with acs-type net, namely Ba 3 [B 9 O 16 ][B(OH) 4 ]·2H 2 O (1) and NaBa 3 (OH)[B 9 O 16 ][B(OH) 4 ] (2) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 is type-I phase matchable with second-harmonic generation (SHG) response of approximately 1.6 times than that of KDP (KH 2 PO 4). After Na+ cation has been successfully introduced into the oxoboron cluster backbone, compound 2 displays a larger SHG response about approximately 2.0 times of KDP. The calculations show that the large local dipole moments of distorted NaO 7 polyhedrons make 2 exhibits a relatively larger SHG response. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra show that both 1 and 2 have a wide transparency range with UV cutoff edge below 200 ​nm. These properties reveal that the introduction of different size and charge alkali metal on the basis of alkaline earth metal borate is beneficial to obtain a promising deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical (NLO) material with a larger SHG response. [Display omitted] • Both compounds 1 and 2 show 3D open framework constructed by B 9 O 19 clusters. • Alkali/alkaline earth metal mixed borates can improve the NLO performance. • Compounds 1 and 2 are promising nonlinear optical materials in deep-UV regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new hexa-Ni-substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs), [Ni6(OH)3- (DACH)3(H2O)6(PW9O34)]·31H2O (1), [Ni(DACH)2][Ni6(OH)3(DACH)3(HMIP)2(H2O)2(PW9O34)]·56 H2O (2), and [Ni(DACH)2][Ni6(OH)3(DACH)2(AP)(H2O)5(PW9O34)]·2H2O (3) (DACH = 1,2-Diami- nocyclohexane, MIP = 5-Methylisophthalate, AP = Adipate) were successfully made in the presence of DACH under hydrothermal conditions. 1 is an isolated hexa-Ni-substituted Keggin unit decorated by DACH. In order to further construct POM cluster-organic frameworks (POMCOFs) on the basis of 1, by analyzing the steric hindrances and orientations of the POM units, the rigid HMIP and flexible AP ligands were successively incorporated, and another anionic monomeric POM 2 and the new 1D POM cluster organic chain (POMCOC) 3 were obtained. HMIP ligand still acts as a decorating group on the Ni6 core of 2 but results in the different spatial arrangement of the {Ni6PW9} units. AP ligands in 3 successfully bridge adjacent isolated POM cluster units to 1D POMCOC with left-hand helices. The AP in 3 is the longest aliphatic carboxylic acid ligand in POMs, and the 1D POM cluster-AP helical chain represents the first 1D POMCOC with a helical feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the photosensitized Ru(N∧N∧N)2-metalloligand, a series of Ce frameworks were synthesized. The incorporation of the visible-light-responsive Ru(N∧N∧N)2-unit endows the Ce frameworks with photocatalytic activities in both sulfide oxidation and hydrogen production. The doping of Zr and particularly the oxidation state of Ce has great influence on the photocatalytic properties of the Ce frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAB GTPases (RABs) control intracellular membrane trafficking with high precision. In the present study, we carried out a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen focused on a library of 62 RABs during infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2), a member of the family Arteriviridae. We found that 13 RABs negatively affect the yield of PRRSV-2 progeny virus, whereas 29 RABs have a positive impact on the yield of PRRSV-2 progeny virus. Further analysis revealed that PRRSV-2 infection transcriptionally regulated RAB18 through RIG-I/MAVS-mediated canonical NF-κB activation. Disrupting RAB18 expression led to the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), impaired LDs catabolism, and flawed viral replication and assembly. We also discovered that PRRSV-2 co-opts chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) for lipolysis via RAB18, as indicated by the enhanced associations between RAB18 and perlipin 2 (PLIN2), CMA-specific lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 (HSPA8/HSC70) during PRRSV-2 infection. Knockdown of HSPA8 and LAMP2A impacted on the yield of PRRSV-2 progeny virus, implying that the virus utilizes RAB18 to promote CMA-mediated lipolysis. Importantly, we determined that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of HSPA8 could bind to the switch II domain of RAB18, and the CTD of PLIN2 was capable of associating with HSPA8, suggesting that HSPA8 facilitates the interaction between RAB18 and PLIN2 in the CMA process. In summary, our findings elucidate how PRRSV-2 hijacks CMA-mediated lipid metabolism through innate immune activation to enhance the yield of progeny virus, offering novel insights for the development of anti-PRRSV-2 treatments. Author summary: Two species of arteriviruses, a family of RNA viruses, can cause severe reproductive disorders and respiratory diseases in infected piglets that result in significant economic losses in the swine industry. The respective viruses conventionally known as PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 exhibit high genetic variability and immune evasion capabilities, which complicate the development of effective vaccines and control measures. In this study, we have described a unique mechanism by which PRRSV-2 infection stimulates RAB18 expression through RIG-I/MAVS-mediated canonical NF-κB activation. RAB18 then recruits HSPA8 and PLIN2 for CMA-mediated degradation and subsequent lipolysis, facilitating viral replication and assembly. Our study provides new insights into the interplay between innate immunity, RAB18, and the CMA-mediated lipophagy pathway during RNA virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syntheses of atomically precise silver (Ag) clusters stabilized by multidentate lacunary polyoxometalate (POM) ligands have been emerging as a promising but challenging research direction, the combination of redox‐active POM ligands and silver clusters will render them unexpected geometric structures and catalytic properties. Herein, we report the successful construction of two structurally‐new lacunary POM‐stabilized Ag clusters, TBA6H14Ag14(DPPB)4(CH3CN)9[Ag24(Si2W18O66)3] ⋅ 10CH3CN ⋅ 9H2O ({Ag24(Si2W18O66)3}, TBA=tetra‐n‐butylammonium, DPPB=1,4‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) and TBA14H6Ag9Na2(H2O)9[Ag27(Si2W18O66)3] ⋅ 8CH3CN ⋅ 10H2O ({Ag27(Si2W18O66)3}), using a facile one‐pot solvothermal approach. Under otherwise identical synthetic conditions, the molecular structures of two POM‐stabilized Ag clusters could be readily tuned by the addition of different organic ligands. In both compounds, the central trefoil‐propeller‐shaped {Ag24}14+ and {Ag27}17+ clusters bearing 10 delocalized valence electrons are stabilized by three C‐shaped {Si2W18O66} units. The femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the rapid charge transfer between {Ag24}14+ core and {Si2W18O66} ligands. Both compounds have been pioneeringly investigated as catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to HCOOH with a high selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syntheses of atomically precise silver (Ag) clusters stabilized by multidentate lacunary polyoxometalate (POM) ligands have been emerging as a promising but challenging research direction, the combination of redox‐active POM ligands and silver clusters will render them unexpected geometric structures and catalytic properties. Herein, we report the successful construction of two structurally‐new lacunary POM‐stabilized Ag clusters, TBA6H14Ag14(DPPB)4(CH3CN)9[Ag24(Si2W18O66)3] ⋅ 10CH3CN ⋅ 9H2O ({Ag24(Si2W18O66)3}, TBA=tetra‐n‐butylammonium, DPPB=1,4‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) and TBA14H6Ag9Na2(H2O)9[Ag27(Si2W18O66)3] ⋅ 8CH3CN ⋅ 10H2O ({Ag27(Si2W18O66)3}), using a facile one‐pot solvothermal approach. Under otherwise identical synthetic conditions, the molecular structures of two POM‐stabilized Ag clusters could be readily tuned by the addition of different organic ligands. In both compounds, the central trefoil‐propeller‐shaped {Ag24}14+ and {Ag27}17+ clusters bearing 10 delocalized valence electrons are stabilized by three C‐shaped {Si2W18O66} units. The femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the rapid charge transfer between {Ag24}14+ core and {Si2W18O66} ligands. Both compounds have been pioneeringly investigated as catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to HCOOH with a high selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Post-synthetic modification is an important strategy for improving and enhancing the properties and functions of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Two imine-linked COFs are converted into the quinolone-linked COFs by converting the dynamic imine linkages in the COFs into more robust quinolone ring via aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. The prepared quinolone-linked COFs not only maintain good crystallinity and porosity, but also possess expanded conjugate planes, enhanced light absorption and excellent stability. The quinolone-linked COFs present remarkable performance of photocatalytic oxidation reactions, including oxidation of phenylboric acids, coupling of benzylamine, and oxidation of thioethers. This work is helpful for preparing organic porous photocatalytic materials with high performance and long life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel aluminoborate open-framework [In(dien)2][Al2B7O16H2] (1, dien = diethylenetriamine) with large chiral cavities has been constructed under solvothermal conditions, in which AlO4 and chainlike B4O8 units are alternately linked to form a network with 20-membered ring windows and then further joined by XO4 (X = 0.5 Al + 0.5 B) units to give a three-dimensional framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new rubidium borates, namely Na1/3Rb5/3[B4O5(OH)4] (1), Rb4[B12O18(OH)4] (2), Rb2Ba[B12O18(OH)4] (3), Rb2[B5O8(OH)] (4) and NaRb0.5[B6O10]·0.5H3O (5) have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Compound 1 features a 0D structure composed of [B4O5(OH)4]2− clusters. After changing the metal salt, new cyclic [B12O20(OH)4]8− clusters in 2 and 3 are formed, resulting in 1D chains. Such a chain structure is first discovered in dodecaborates. By tuning the reaction temperature and pH of the reaction media, compound 4 with a 4-connected 2D oxoboron layer constructed from partially protonated [B5O10(OH)]6− and compound 5 with a 6-connected 3D framework constructed from [B6O13]8− clusters are successfully isolated. Since compounds 1 and 4 crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric (NCS) space group, second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements and dipole moment calculations have been carried out. The SHG response of 4 is 2.0 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP), which is higher than those of related analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new acentric borate, K2Na3[{B6O10(OH)}‐{B3O4(OH)3}] ⋅ H2O (1) has been made under solvothermal condition. 1 has layered structure made by B6O13(OH)‐based chains and B3O5(OH)3‐bridging clusters. Second‐harmonic generation (SHG) measurements reveal that 1 is a phase‐matchable nonlinear optical (NLO) material, showing the SHG signal intensity of 1.8 times that of KDP (KH2PO4). Besides, UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum shows that 1 has the short deep UV (DUV) absorption cutoff edge of 198 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals it has good thermal stability. Also 1 represents firstly mixed oxoboron clusters‐made 2D layered borate with NLO property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective hydrogenolysis of abundant C–O bonds of β-O-4 linkages in natural lignin or lignin models has been considered as a key strategy for the generation of value-added organic chemicals. Herein, we report a mild, efficient, and selective photocatalytic strategy for hydrogenolytic cleavage of lignin β-O-4 models by using Ni-containing polyoxometalate (POM) catalysts and CdS quantum dots. Upon blue LED light irradiation, the present photocatalytic system can effectively transform various lignin β-O-4 models to the corresponding hydrogenolysis products (phenols and ketones) with >95% conversion and >93% product selectivity. A tentative photocatalytic mechanism is proposed based on various experimental and spectroscopic analyses. The facile strategy presented in our work could be extended to the photocatalytic preparation of various value-added chemicals from natural biomass or other biomass derivatives in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most devastating pathogens and brings great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Viruses are intracellular parasites that have evolved numerous strategies to subvert and utilize different host processes for their life cycle. Among the different systems of the host cell, the cytoskeleton is one of the most important which not only facilitate viral invasion and spread into neighboring cells, but also help viruses to evade the host immune system. RhoA is a key regulator of cytoskeleton system that may participate in virus infection. In this study, we characterized the function of RhoA in the PRV replication by chemical drugs treatment, gene knockdown and gene over-expression strategy. Inhibition of RhoA by specific inhibitor and gene knockdown promoted PRV proliferation. On the contrary, overexpression of RhoA or activation of RhoA by chemical drug inhibited PRV infection. Besides, our data demonstrated that PRV infection induced the disruption of actin stress fiber, which was consistent with previous report. In turn, the actin specific inhibitor cytochalasin D markedly disrupted the normal fibrous structure of intracellular actin cytoskeleton and decreased the PRV replication, suggesting that actin cytoskeleton polymerization contributed to PRV replication in vitro. In summary, our data displayed that RhoA was a host restriction factor that inhibited PRV replication, which may deepen our understanding the pathogenesis of PRV and provide further insight into the prevention of PRV infection and the development of anti-viral drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new hexa-Ni-substituted polyoxometalates (POMs), [Ni6(μ3-OH)3(en)2(dien)(H2O)5(B-α-PW9O34)]·3H2O (1, en = ethylenediamine, dien = diethylenetriamine) and [Ni6(μ3-OH)3(dap)2(py)6(H2O)(B-α-PW9O34)]·H2O (2, dap = 1,3-diaminopropane, py = pyridine), were successfully isolated under hydrothermal conditions. Compounds 1 and 2 were structurally characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses indicate that the {Ni6PW9} cluster units were modified via different organic ligands through Ni–N bonds, giving rise to the formation of 1 and 2. Interestingly, the formation of 1 involves new in situ ligand reactions under hydrothermal conditions: the intermolecular deamination coupling reactions of en. Compound 2 is a new Z-shaped 1-D chain, which is connected by Ni–O＝W bonds from two adjacent [Ni6(μ3-OH)3(dap)2(py)6(H2O)(B-α-PW9O34)] units. In addition, their photocatalytic activities, and electrochemical and magnetic properties have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as significant candidates for visible-light photocatalysis due to their ability to regulate performance which is achieved through the careful selection of building modules, framework conjugation, and post-modification. This report focused on the efficient transformation of an imine-linked I-COF into a π-conjugated quinoline-based Q-COF, which enhanced both the chemical stability and conjugation of the network. By methylating the pyridyl groups in the Q-COF, an N+-COF was obtained. Subsequently, the Ru(N^N)3-photosensitizer ([Ru(dcbpy)3]4−) was incorporated into the channels of the cationic N+-COF through electrostatic interactions, resulting in the formation of [Ru(dcbpy)3]4−⊂N+-COF. This composite exhibited exceptional photocatalytic activity, demonstrating high yields and selectivity in the oxidation of sulfides or amines to their respective products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new aluminoborates (ABOs) KCs[Al{B5O9(OH)}{BO(OH)2} (1), K0.5Cs[Al{B5O10}1/2{BO2(OH)}] (2), and Cs1.5[Al{B5O10}1/2{BO2(OH)}] (3) have been made under solvothermal conditions. 1 features a 1D tube constructed by the alternation of [B5O9(OH)]4− clusters and AlO4 units, onto which the [BO(OH)2]− triangles are grafted. To further construct higher dimensional structures based on the structure 1, solvents were adjusted for high basicity, resulting in the formations of the 3D ABO frameworks 2 and 3. 2 and 3 are isostructural and built from [B5O10]5− clusters, AlO4 tetrahedra and [BO2(OH)]2− triangles, in which [B5O10]5− clusters are bridged by AlO4 tetrahedra to produce a 2D ABO layer with 14-membered ring (MR) windows, and the [BO2(OH)]2− triangles act as the linkers to bridge the adjacent ABO layers to form 3D ABO frameworks containing eight types of channels. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicate that 1, 2, and 3 have potential applications in deep ultraviolet (DUV) regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells by combining various cis-regulatory features has rarely been discussed. In this study, we constructed expression vectors containing various combinations of regulatory elements to examine the regulation of gene expression by different combinations of cis-regulatory elements. The effects of four promoters (CMV promoter, PGK promoter, Polr2a promoter, and EF-1α core promoter), two enhancers (CMV enhancer and SV40 enhancer), two introns (EF-1α intron A and hybrid intron), two terminators (CYC1 terminator and TEF terminator), and their different combinations on downstream gene expression were compared in various mammalian cells using fluorescence microscopy to observe fluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blot. The receptor binding domain (RBD) sequence from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein was used to replace the eGFP sequence in the expression vector and the RBD expression was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The results showed that protein expression can be regulated by optimizing the combination of cis-acting elements. The vector with the CMV enhancer, EF-1α core promoter, and TEF terminator was found to express approximately threefold higher eGFP than the unmodified vector in different animal cells, as well as 2.63-fold higher recombinant RBD protein than the original vector in HEK-293T cells. Moreover, we suggest that combinations of multiple regulatory elements capable of regulating gene expression do not necessarily exhibit synergistic effects to enhance expression further. Overall, our findings provide insights into biological applications that require the regulation of gene expression and will help to optimize expression vectors for biosynthesis and other fields. Additionally, we provide valuable insights into the production of RBD proteins, which may aid in developing reagents for diagnosis and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the combination of Ag-complexes and Keggin POMs, two novel inorganic–organic silver–polyoxometalates hybrids, [Ag3L2(DMSO)2][PW12O40]·4DMSO (1) and [(Ag2L2)2][SiW12O40]·10DMSO·2H2O (2) (L = 4-(2-pyridyl)-6-(4-pyridyl)-2-aminopyrimidine), were synthesized and characterized. Interestingly, the silver atoms in compound 1 are three-coordinated with the AgNO model; however, the Ag atoms of compound 2 were surrounded by four N atoms of the organic ligands and displayed a distorted tetrahedral configuration. Importantly, compound 1 showed high catalytic activities for the three-component coupling reaction of alkynes and secondary amines along with formaldehyde, which resulted in a series of propargylamine derivatives in higher yields (up to 99%). Furthermore, the Ag–POM catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused for three cycles without a significant loss in catalytic activity. A tentative mechanism is also proposed for this transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new layered and porous-layered borates ([H2dap][B7O11(OH)] (1, dap = 1,2-propanediamine) and [H3O]K3.52Na3.48{Al2[B7O13(OH)][B5O10][B3O5]}[CO3] (2)) have been solvothermally made. 1 features a 2D layer made of the [B7O13(OH)]6− cluster, in which H2dap is located in the windows of the layers. The fundamental building block (FBB) [B7O13(OH)]6− cluster in 1 represents a new type of FBB of the hepta-borate family. 2 is a novel aluminoborate with a 3D porous-layered structure formed by three types of oxoboron clusters, [B7O13(OH)]6−, [B5O10]5− and [B3O7]5−, respectively. The strict alternation of the different oxoboron clusters and AlO4 tetrahedra leads to the abundant channel systems of the structure. 2 is the first aluminoborate (ABO) containing three types of oxoboron clusters and the first 3D porous-layered ABO with seven types of channels. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra reveal that both of them are wide band-gap semiconductors and have potential applications in UV regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemistry of polypyridyl Ru(II) and cyclometalated Ir(III) derivatives provides long-lasting interest to researchers due to the inherent advantage of their triplet states in a variety of photoactivities. The introduction of Ru(N^N)3 and Ir(C^N)2(X^N) modules into well-defined architectures extends the research areas of both photoactive metal complexes and network chemistry, generating a lot of new opportunities with interesting structural aesthetics and profound functional possibilities. The rapid development of research in integrating Ru(II) or Ir(III) metallotecons into the architectures has been apparent in recent years which makes this a fascinating subject for reviewing. This review focuses on the design and syntheses of Ru(N^N)3 and Ir(C^N)2(X^N) functionalized architectures of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), metallasupramolecules, organic supramolecules and supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs). Furthermore, the photocatalytic applications including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), photocatalytic oxidation and photoredox catalysis of organic transformation are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new aluminoborates, NaKCs[AlB7O13(OH)]·H2O (1) and K4Na5[AlB7O13(OH)]3·5H2O (2), have been hydro(solvo)thermally made with mixed alkali metal cationic templates. Both 1 and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n and contain similar units of [B7O13(OH)]6− cluster and AlO4 tetrahedra. The [B7O13(OH)]6− cluster is composed of three classical B3O3 rings by vertex sharing, of which two of them connect with AlO4 tetrahedra to constitute monolayers, and one provides an O atom as a bridging unit to link two oppositely orientated monolayers by Al-O bonds to form 3D porous-layered frameworks with 8-MR channels. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicate that both 1 and 2 exhibit short deep-UV cutoff edges below 190 nm, revealing that they have potential applications in deep-UV regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new two-dimensional {Cu6}-added polyoxometalate cluster–organic framework (Cu-POMCOF) was prepared by a hydrothermal method from lacunary polyoxoanions and was applied as a solid support for immobilizing MP-11 and Cyt c. The biocomposite complex exhibits higher stability and catalytic activity than the original free enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under hydrothermal conditions, two families of new CuII‐substituted sandwich‐type germanotungstates (GTs): Cu6‐GTs (enH2)2[Cu(en)2]2[Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅4H2O (1), H4[Cu(deta)(H2O)]2[Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (2), [Cu(en)(H2O)2]2[Cu(en)2]2[Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (3) (en=ethylenediamine, deta=diethylenetriamine) and Cu4‐GTs H4[Cu(H2O)4]2[Cu(H2O)5]2[Cu4(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (4), H10[Cu(H2O)3(Cl)]2[Cu4(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (5), H8[Na(H2O)4]2[Cu(H2O)3(Cl)]2[Cu4(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅8H2O (6) have been made and characterized. Single‐crystal structural analyses indicate that 1–3 contain a belt‐like hexa‐CuII substituted sandwich‐type [Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]8+ unit. Notably, 1–3 are rare organic‐inorganic hybrid polyoxometalates with [Cu6(en)2(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]8− subunits, displaying the assembly from 1‐D chain to 3‐D framework by the [Cu(en)2]2+ or [Cu(deta)2(H2O)]2+ linkers. 4–6 contain rhomb‐like tetra‐CuII substituted sandwich‐type [Cu4(H2O)n(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]12− (n=2, 0) units linked by [Cu(H2O)4]2+ or [Cu2(H2O)6Cl2]+ clusters to from 1‐D chain. Magnetic measurements performed on 3 indicate the occurrence of ferromagnetic interactions within the copper ions. Furthermore, the electrochemical and electro‐catalysis properties of 3 have been studied in 0.02 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution, and show good electro‐catalytic activity to the reduction of nitrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of transition metal, such as Ni/Mn/Zn, substituted sandwich-type polyoxometalates, H9Na(enMe)3[Ni4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]·31H2O (1), H8Na2[Ni4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]·34H2O (2), H8Na2[Mn4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]·29H2O (3), H4Na6[Mn4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]·41H2O (4), H5Na7[Zn4(H2O)2(GeW9O34)2]·25H2O (5) have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions and characterized by IR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction, respectively. The structure analysis reveals that 1–5 contain a similar sandwich-type polyoxoanion unit [M4(H2O)2(XW9O34)2]10−/12− (M = Ni2+/Mn2+/Zn2+; X = PV/GeIV), which are further linked by Na+ cations to form 1- to 3-D structures, respectively. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of 1, 4 and 5 have been studied in 0.5 mol L−1 Na2SO4/H2SO4 supporting electrolyte, and show that 1, 4 and 5 possess comparatively apparent catalytic activities toward the NaNO2 or H2O2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solvothermal reaction of H3BO3, Li2B4O7, Na2B4O7·10H2O, 1,2-diaminopropane and pyridine led to a new open framework borate, Li2Na2[B12O19(OH)2] (1). Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. Its structure contains a large cyclic [B12O22(OH)2]10− cluster, which is connected to six neighboring ones via corner-sharing O atoms to give a 6-connected pcu network via B–O–B bonds. Notably, large shuttle-like pores are observed along the [001] direction as well as 8-ring channels along the [101] direction, leading to an intersecting channel system. UV/vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that the compound has a wide transparency range with a short-wavelength absorption edge below 200 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Recent bipyridinium-based coordination polymers (CPs) are reviewed. • The advantages of bipyridinium ligands for CPs synthesized are discussed. • The bipyridinium-based CPs for materials applications are highlighted. Abstract The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of functional coordination polymers (CPs) for various potential applications. Generally speaking, functionalization of coordination framework to enhance materials performance could be achieved either during the framework formation or by post-synthesis modification. In spite of great progress over the past few years, there is still growing demand in expanding the research by introducing new structure motifs, among which the incorporation of stimuli-responsive ligand into the coordination skeleton is an option. In particular, the fusion of typically charged units, e.g. bipyridinium derivatives with metal ions to fabricate CPs has attracted tremendous attention. The electrostatic interaction, electron-deficient characteristic and photoelectrochemical activity make this family of materials show a wide variety of intriguing applications including smart chromic response, switching, sensing, adsorption and separation, and molecular magnets, etc. This review aims to highlight the recent progress in this area, and seek to uncover promising ideas that will stimulate future advancements at both the basic and applied levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the hydrothermal technique, two new organic-inorganic hybrids, tetra-Zr-substituted sandwich-type germanotungstate clusters functionalized by different organic amines H10K4[Zr4(μ3-O)2(μ-OH)2(enMe)2(B-α-GeW10O37)2]·6DMF·18H2O (1) and H10K2Na2[Zr4(μ3-O)2(μ-OH)2(en)2(B-α-GeW10O37)2]·4 DMF·22H2O (2) (enMe = 1,2-diaminopropane, en = ethylenediamine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) have been obtained, which have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analysis, FT-IR spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The structure analysis reveals that 1 and 2 exhibit similar sandwich-type polyoxoanion built by two [Zr2(μ3-O)(μ-OH)(enMe)(B-α-GeW10O37)] or [Zr2(μ3-O)(μ-OH)(en)(B-α-GeW10O37)] clusters, showing the first germanotungstate clusters with Zr-containing 5-membered ring formed from the chelation coordination pattern of Zr4+ and organic amine. To compounds 1 and 2, the cluster units, [Zr4(μ3-O)2(μ-OH)2(enMe)2(B-α-GeW10O37)2] and [Zr4(μ3-O)2(μ-OH)2(en)2(B-α-GeW10O37)2], are linked by K+ cations to form 1-D chains, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]