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Contemporary developments in material duplication promise product alternatives that are physically and sensorially indistinguishable from incumbent offerings. When fully realized, such duplicate offerings should obsolete the incumbents as a consequence of wider availability and lower monetary and social costs. Disruption will be impeded, however, if consumers favor incumbent products on the basis of non-material qualities. The authors show that the influence of such qualities depends on both the product category and characteristics of the consumer. In particular, when a creator is central to the product and when the consumer is inclined toward extraordinary beliefs, the influence of origin looms especially large. By contrasting origin and substance, the present research exposes dualistic thinking in consumers’ product evaluations, enriches prior research on authenticity and extraordinary beliefs, and contributes to the stubborn problem of technology adoption.

BACKGROUND: Qinxiang Qingjie (QXQJ), an oral solution containing various Chinese herbs, is indicated for pediatric upper respiratory tract infections. The treatment of influenza also shows potential advantages in shortening the duration of illness and improving symptoms. However, there is still a lack of high-quality clinical evidence to support this. The trial was to explore the efficacy and safety of QXQJ for treating pediatric influenza and provide an evidence-based basis for expanding its applicability. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted in 14 hospitals in China. Children aged 1–13 years with influenza and “exterior and interior heat syndromes” as defined by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were randomly assigned to two groups with 1:1 radio. Children in the test group received QXQJ oral solution and oseltamivir simulant, while the control group received oseltamivir phosphate granules and QXQJ simulant. The duration of treatment was five days, followed by a two-day follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the clinical recovery time. Secondary endpoints included the time to defervescence, incidences of complications and severe or critical influenza, negative conversion rate, improvement of TCM syndromes, and safety profiles of the therapeutics, which mainly contained the adverse clinical events and adverse drug reactions. RESULTS: A total of 231 children were randomized to either the QXQJ (n=117) or oseltamivir (n=114) group. The FAS and PPS results showed that both groups experienced a median clinical recovery time of three days (P>0.05). The median time to defervescence of both groups were 36 hours in FAS and PPS (P>0.05), and two groups did not differ in terms of the other secondary endpoints (P>0.05). 14 patients (12.39%) in the QXQJ group and 14 patients (12.50%) in the oseltamivir group reported at least one adverse event, respectively. One serious adverse event occurred in the QXQJ group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events or adverse drug reactions between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of QXQJ oral solution was comparable to that of oseltamivir for treating influenza in children, with an acceptable safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900021060.

Massive amounts of biogas slurry are produced due to the development of biogas plants. The pollution features and the risk of biogas slurry were fully evaluated in this work. Thirty-one biogas slurry samples were collected from sixteen different cities and five different raw materials biogas plants (e.g. cattle manure, swine manure, straw-manure mixture, kitchen waste and chicken manure). The chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen ( NH 4 + - N ), anions (e.g. Cl−, SO 4 2 - , NO 3 - and PO 4 3 - ), antibiotics (e.g. sulphonamides, quinolones, β2-receptor agonists, macrolides, tetracyclines and crystal violet) and heavy metals (e.g. Cu, Cd, As, Cr, Hg, Zn and Pb) contents from these biogas slurry samples were systematically investigated. On this basis, risk assessment of biogas slurry was also performed. The concentrations of COD, NH 4 + - N and PO 4 3 - in biogas slurry samples with chicken manure as raw material were significantly higher than those of other raw materials. Therefore, the biogas slurry from chicken manure raw material demonstrated the most serious eutrophication threat. The antibiotic contents in biogas slurry samples from swine manure were the highest among five raw materials, mostly sulphonamides, quinolones and tetracyclines. Biogas slurry revealed particularly serious arsenic contamination and moderate potential ecological risk. The quadratic polynomial stepwise regression model can quantitatively describe the correlation among NH 4 + - N , PO 4 3 - and heavy metals concentration of biogas slurry. This work demonstrated a universal potential threat from biogas slurry that can provide supporting data and theoretical basis for harmless treatment and reuse of biogas slurry.

The complicated preparation process and low energy density of polyaniline (PANI)-based electrodes limit their wide applications in flexible energy storage devices. In this work, a reduced graphene (rGO)-wrapped polyaniline nanofiber network (PANI-NFN)/oxidized carbon cloth (OCC) (rGO@PANI-NFN/OCC) composite was prepared by a facile impregnation method using reactive templates of MnO

Developing environmentally friendly methods to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has received increasing attention. Photocatalysis has been proved to be a sustainable technology for H2O2 production. Herein, the novel non-metal elements (B, P, and S) doped g-C3N4 tubes (B-CNT, P-CNT, and S-CNT) photocatalysts were obtained via a hydrothermal synthesis followed by thermal polymerization. By adjusting the precursor, the yield of g-C3N4 tubes (CNT) materials has been greatly improved. The as-prepared B-CNT, P-CNT, and S-CNT photocatalysts show an enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 production with the formation rate constants values of 42.31 μM min−1, 24.95 μM min−1, and 24.22 μM min−1, respectively, which is higher than that of bulk CN (16.40 μM min−1). The doped B, P, S elements significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity by adjusting their electronic structures and promoting the separation of electron-hole carriers. The results have shown great potential for the practical application of CNT photocatalysts.

Lesion mimic mutants resembling the hypersensitive response without pathogen attack are an ideal material to understand programmed cell death, the defence response, and the cross‐talk between defence response and development in plants. In this study, mic, a lesion mimic mutant from cultivar Yunyin treated with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), was screened. By map‐based cloning, a short‐chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase with an atypical active site HxxxK was isolated and designated as SDR7‐6. It functions as a homomultimer in rice and is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. The lesion mimic phenotype of the mutant is light‐dependent. The mutant displayed an increased resistance response to bacterial blight, but reduced resistance to rice blast disease. The mutant and knockout lines showed increased reactive oxygen species, jasmonic acid content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and expression of pathogenicity‐related genes, while chlorophyll content was significantly reduced. The knockout lines showed significant reduction in grain size, seed setting rate, 1000‐grain weight, grain weight per plant, panicle length, and plant height. SDR7‐6 is a new lesion mimic gene that encodes a short‐chain alcohol dehydrogenase with atypical catalytic site. Disruption of SDR7‐6 led to cell death and had adverse effects on multiple agricultural characters. SDR7‐6 may act at the interface of the two defence pathways of bacterial blight and rice blast disease in rice., SDR7‐6, a short‐chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family protein, negatively regulates cell death and the defence response to rice bacterial blight, but positively regulates the defence response to Magnaporthe oryzae.

Carbon materials have been widely utilized as supports in different catalytic reactions; however, it has been rarely reported that carbon supports were used in the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds because they have no catalytic activity and poor catalytic stability compared to metal supports. Herein, fabricating optimal carbon supports to facilitate the catalytic oxidation of benzene has become a great concern of research. A novel activated carbon (biomass–HCO) was prepared from different waste biomass via a three-stage route without the participation of harmful chemical reagents. The successful synthesis of C–O bonds and C═O bonds through this method could greatly increase oxygen-enriched functional groups and defects of the biomass–HCO surface, which could effectively promote the nucleation and growth of platinum. Benzene oxidation reactions were performed to evaluate the activity of catalysts. The results demonstrated that Pt/biomass–HCO catalyst made the reaction temperature sharply decrease to 160 °C at T₉₀. The 150 h on-stream reaction exhibited great thermal stability of Pt/biomass–HCO. The DFT calculations verified the strong interaction between Pt nanoparticles and carbon supports. Moreover, our demonstration of the superior benzene oxidation activity of Pt/biomass–HCO catalysts revealed that it is feasible to utilize oxygen-enriched biomass carbon as catalytic supports toward the oxidation of volatile organic compounds.

Oxygen-doped g-C₃N₄ (CN) with carbon vacancies (O–CNC) was synthesized by microwave heating the mixture of melamine–cyanuric acid (MCA) supramolecular aggregates and oxalic acid for only 7 min. The as-synthesized O–CNC shows a mesoporous structure and exhibits a tunable band structure, optimized charge separation, and significantly enhanced two-electron reduction for H₂O₂ production. The photocatalytic H₂O₂ production rate reaches 2008.4 μmol h–¹ g–¹ under simulated sunlight irradiation, which is more than 4 times higher than that of pristine bulk CN. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the mesoporous structure with a large specific surface area, doped oxygen atoms, and carbon vacancies. These results have provided a facile and efficient way for realizing the practical application of CN in photocatalytic H₂O₂ production.

Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food in the world as well as an important monocotyledonous model plant for molecular biology, which has a long history of cultivation and domestication. However, many diseases will break out during rice production. For example, the rice blast is the most destructive disease, which can cause the heavy loss or even total crop failure. Therefore, there are constant demands to cultivate durably blast-resistant varieties and identify more broad-spectrum blast resistance genes. Besides, it’s also very significant for agricultural production to elucidate the process and mechanism of immune response during the rice blast infection. The whole-genome sequencing of the resistant and susceptible near-isogenic lines derived from the broad-spectrum blast resistance Japonica Variety Yunyin and the universally blast-susceptible variety Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) was completed. Eight differential genes were screened from the Go terms that were associated with the immune response based on the whole-genome sequence data. We analyzed their gene structure, evolution and sequence variability between the resistant and susceptible near-isogenic lines. The results indicated that the homology of these protein sequences was between 55% and 80%, and the conserved protein domain analysis showed that most of them contained different numbers and types of leucine-rich repeat domains, a transmembrane domain and a C-terminal kinase domain, which were typical leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases. Moreover, they are all located within a cluster of chromosome 11 and were homologous to the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 . The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs) genes are a large conserved superfamily during the plant evolution. In Arabidopsis , there are 14 subfamilies and more than 200 members of LRR-RLKs were identified, whereas the rice genome contained more than 900 LRR-RLKs genes. The perception and recognition of pathogen infection are mainly mediated by the plant cells surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. PRRs contain many receptor kinases including the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases, which play an important role in the signal transduction during the plant development, immune response and sense of the environmental changes. In order to further explore the potential function of these genes during the rice blast disease response, the rice seedlings were inoculated with Magnaporthe oryzae by spray and punch methods and then the expression pattern of these genes during the fungal infection were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that some genes response to the blast disease. Thus, we speculated that some of them might be involved in the rice blast disease response. This study laid a foundation for further studying genes related to the rice blast disease response.

Deep learning is a new learning concept and a highly effective way of learning, which is still being explored in the field of nursing education. This paper analyses the effectiveness of interventions in perioperative gynaecological care using humanised care in the operating theatre and the impact of this model of care on patients’ psychological well-being and sleep quality. A deep learning-based vision robot was designed to provide higher quality of care for our human care and simplify our approach to gynaecological surgery. The anxiety and depression scores of the two groups were significantly improved after and before care, and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05 ). The humanised care for gynaecological surgery patients in the perioperative period is more conducive to the improvement of their negative emotions and at the same time can improve the sleep quality of patients, so it can be further promoted.

Plants usually keep resistance (R) proteins in a static state under normal conditions to avoid autoimmunity and save energy for growth, but R proteins can be rapidly activated upon perceiving pathogen invasion. Pib, the first cloned blast disease R gene in rice, encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein, mediates resistance to the blast fungal (Magnaporthe oryzae) isolates carrying the avirulence gene AvrPib. However, the molecular mechanisms about how Pib recognizes AvrPib and how it is inactivated and activated remain largely unclear. In this study, through map-based cloning and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we proved that Pib contributes to the blast disease resistance of rice cultivar Yunyin (YY). Furthermore, an SH3 domain-containing protein, SH3P2, was found to associate with Pib mainly at clathrin-coated vesicles in rice cells, via direct binding with the coiled-coil (CC) domain of Pib. Interestingly, overexpression of SH3P2 in YY compromised Pib-mediated resistance to M. oryzae isolates carrying AvrPib and Pib-AvrPib recognition-induced cell death. SH3P2 competitively inhibits the self-association of the Pib CC domain in vitro, suggesting that binding of SH3P2 with Pib undermines its homodimerization. Moreover, SH3P2 can also interact with AvrPib and displays higher affinity to AvrPib than to Pib, which leads to dissociation of SH3P2 from Pib in the presence of AvrPib. Taken together, our results suggest that SH3P2 functions as a "protector" to keep Pib in a static state by direct interaction during normal growth but could be triggered off by the invasion of AvrPib-carrying M. oryzae isolates. Our study reveals a new mechanism about how an NLR protein is inactivated under normal conditions but is activated upon pathogen infection.

The authors argue that appreciation of the biological underpinnings of human behavior can alter the beliefs and actions of multiple marketing stakeholders in ways that have immense welfare implications. However, a biological perspective often deviates from the lay perspective. The realization of improved welfare depends in part on narrowing this gap. The authors review biological evidence on self-control and report ten empirical studies that examine lay response to biological characterizations of self-control. The authors contrast lay response with scientific understanding and then offer implications of biology—as well as the gap between the scientific and lay perspectives—for policy makers, firms, consumers, marketing educators, and scholars. The authors also identify opportunities for future research. They conclude that marketing scholars can and should play an active role in narrowing the gap between the scientific and lay perspectives in the service of both theory development and human welfare.

The induction of embryogenic calli plays a vital role in the genetic transformation and regeneration of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Despite progress in rice tissue culture, the molecular mechanisms of embryogenic callus induction remain unknown. In this study, gene expression profiles associated with calli were comprehensively analyzed during callus induction of japonica rice ‘Yunyin’. We first confirmed that NMB medium with 24 h of light and 0 h of dark (NMB-L) was the optimal condition for ‘Yunyin’ callus induction, while J3 medium with 0 h of light and 24 h of dark (J3-D) was the worst condition. After transcriptome analysis, 33,597 unigenes were assembled, among which we identified 6,063 DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) related to media and seven DEGs related to photoperiod. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal, and starch and sucrose metabolism were the top three pathways affected by media, while the circadian rhythm-plant pathway was associated with photoperiod. Furthermore, we identified two candidate genes, Os01g0965900 and Os12g0555200, affected by both medium and photoperiod. Statistical analysis of RNA-seq libraries showed that the expression levels of these two genes in J3-D calli were over 2.5 times higher than those in NMB-L calli, which was further proved by RT-qPCR analysis. Based on FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript Per Million mapped reads), unigenes belonging to the NMB-L group were mainly assigned to ribosome, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. We transformed Os12g0555200(Nip) and Os12g0555200(9311) into ‘Nipponbare’ calli and observed their effects on the growth and development process of rice calli using TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Observations showed that Os12g0555200(9311) was more disadvantageous to rice callus growth than Os12g0555200(Nip). Our results reveal that the Os12g0555200, identified from transcriptomic profiles, has a negative influence during ‘Yunyin’ callus induction. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01283-y.

We identified a typical rice premature senescence leaf mutant 86 (psl86) and exhibited the first global ubiquitination data during rice leaf senescence. Premature leaf senescence affects the yield and quality of rice, causing irreparable agricultural economic losses. In this study, we reported a rice premature senescence leaf mutant 86 (psl86) in the population lines of rice (Oryza sativa) japonica cultivar 'Yunyin' (YY) mutagenized using ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatment. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that a higher ubiquitination level in the psl86 mutant compared with YY. Thus, we performed the proteome and ubiquitylome analyses to identify the differential abundance proteins and ubiquitinated proteins (sites) related to leaf senescence. Among 885 quantified lysine ubiquitination (Kub) sites in 492 proteins, 116 sites in 94 proteins were classified as up-regulated targets and seven sites in six proteins were classified as down-regulated targets at a threshold of 1.5. Proteins with up-regulated Kub sites were mainly enriched in the carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Notably, 14 up-regulated Kub sites in 11 proteins were enriched in the carbon fixation in photosynthetic organism pathway, and seven proteins (rbcL, PGK, GAPA, FBA5, ALDP, CFBP1 and GGAT) were down-regulated, indicating this pathway is tightly regulated by ubiquitination during leaf senescence. To our knowledge, we present the first global data on ubiquitination during rice leaf senescence.

As an environmentally friendly visible-light-responsive and metal-free photocatalyst, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) has still been limited by its large...

Although titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) with enhanced Lewis acidity can show significant catalytic functionality, the effective and green synthesis of such a TS-1 zeolite still remains a challenge. I...

We propose that autonomy is a crucial aspect of consumer choice. We offer a definition that situates autonomy among related constructs in philosophy and psychology, contrast actual with perceived autonomy in consumer contexts, examine the resilience of perceived autonomy, and sketch out an agenda for research into the role of perceived autonomy in an evolving marketplace increasingly characterized by automation.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a great threat to the health of human beings, and developing catalysts with prominent activity and stability to eliminate them are highly desired. In this work...