83 results on '"Yeguang Xue"'
Search Results
2. Ecoresorbable and bioresorbable microelectromechanical systems
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Quansan Yang, Tzu-Li Liu, Yeguang Xue, Heling Wang, Yameng Xu, Bashar Emon, Mingzheng Wu, Corey Rountree, Tong Wei, Irawati Kandela, Chad R. Haney, Anlil Brikha, Iwona Stepien, Jessica Hornick, Rebecca A. Sponenburg, Christina Cheng, Lauren Ladehoff, Yitong Chen, Ziying Hu, Changsheng Wu, Mengdi Han, John M. Torkelson, Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy, M. Taher A. Saif, Yonggang Huang, Jan-Kai Chang, and John A. Rogers
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2022
3. Synergistic photoactuation of bilayered spiropyran hydrogels for predictable origami-like shape change
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Mengdi Han, Liam C. Palmer, Yonggang Huang, Yeguang Xue, Chuang Li, Samuel I. Stupp, and John A. Rogers
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Spiropyran ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Shape change ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Bilayer ,Self-healing hydrogels ,General Materials Science ,Nanotechnology ,Soft matter ,Actuator - Abstract
Summary Development of stimuli-responsive soft matter that undergoes fast and reversible shape changes that mimic living organisms is a grand challenge for materials science. We report here on the molecular design of photoactive bilayer actuators that can rapidly respond to visible light, leading to complex but predictable bio-inspired shape changes. The mechanism of accelerated actuation is rooted in the simultaneous photoexpansion of one layer and photocontraction of the other triggered by the same light stimulus. The opposing response leads to a synergistic effect that results in fast bending actuation. The synergistic bilayers were bridged with light-inactive segments to generate macroscopic constructs capable of undergoing programmable 3D origami-like shape change upon irradiation. By controlling the anisotropic friction with the substrate, these constructs displayed unidirectional inchworm- and octopus-like locomotion over macroscopic distances. The soft matter systems investigated here demonstrate the possibility of molecularly engineering photoactuators that mimic functions we associate with living organisms.
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- 2021
4. Skin-interfaced soft microfluidic systems with modular and reusable electronics for in situ capacitive sensing of sweat loss, rate and conductivity
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Blake V. Parsons, Weihua Li, Sung Bong Kim, John A. Rogers, Milan Raj, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Kun Hyuck Lee, Stephanie Schon, Amay J. Bandodkar, Yiwei Gao, Jungil Choi, Kelsey B. Fields, Ha Uk Chung, Tyler R. Ray, Raudel Avila, Yeguang Xue, Stephen P. Lee, Yonggang Huang, Jong Yoon Lee, Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette, Claire Liu, Philipp Gutruf, Jeffrey B. Model, Michael E. Johnson, Alexander J. Aranyosi, Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, Northwestern University [Evanston], Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Epicore Biosystems, Inc. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Sibel Inc, Evanston, IL 60201, USA, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bio5 Institute, Neuroscience GIDP, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, and Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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sweat conductivity ,Computer science ,capacitive measurements ,Capacitive sensing ,Microfluidics ,microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Conductivity ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,epidermal ,sweat rate ,Sampling (signal processing) ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Wireless ,Electronics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Modular design ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,sweat ,wearables ,[SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Computer hardware ,Loss rate - Abstract
Important insights into human health can be obtained through the non-invasive collection and detailed analysis of sweat, a biofluid that contains a wide range of essential biomarkers. Skin-interfaced microfluidic platforms, characterized by soft materials and thin geometries, offer a collection of capabilities for in situ capture, storage, and analysis of sweat and its constituents. In ambulatory uses cases, the ability to provide real-time feedback on sweat loss, rate and content, without visual inspection of the device, can be important. This paper introduces a low-profile skin-interfaced system that couples disposable microfluidic sampling devices with reusable 'stick-on' electrodes and wireless readout electronics that remain isolated from the sweat. An ultra-thin capping layer on the microfluidic platform permits high-sensitivity, contactless capacitive measurements of both sweat loss and sweat conductivity. This architecture avoids the potential for corrosion of the sensing components and eliminates the need for cleaning/sterilizing the electronics, thereby resulting in a cost-effective platform that is simple to use. Optimized electrode designs follow from a combination of extensive benchtop testing, analytical calculations and FEA simulations for two sensing configurations: (1) sweat rate and loss, and (2) sweat conductivity, which contains information about electrolyte content. Both configurations couple to a flexible, wireless electronics platform that digitizes and transmits information to Bluetooth-enabled devices. On-body field testing during physical exercise validates the performance of the system in scenarios of practical relevance to human health and performance.
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- 2020
5. Skin-integrated wireless haptic interfaces for virtual and augmented reality
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Changxing Zhang, Xinge Yu, Bong Hoon Kim, Rujie Sun, Yong Joon Yu, Yang Yu, Aditya Chempakasseril, Abraham Vázquez-Guardado, Xue Feng, Zhaoqian Xie, Jingyue Cao, Yishan Zhong, Bowen Ji, Xin Ning, Qingze Huo, Haiwen Luan, Jungyup Lee, Philipp Gutruf, Peilin Tian, Jasper Ruban, Yiming Liu, Aadeel Akhtar, Qinglei Guo, Yonggang Huang, Wei Lu, Ji Yoon Jeong, Yeguang Xue, Kun Hyuk Lee, Dengfeng Li, Seung Yeop Kim, Chee Sim Tan, John A. Rogers, Chan Mi Lee, and Jesse Cornman
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Multidisciplinary ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Interface (computing) ,Robotics ,02 engineering and technology ,Virtual reality ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Human–computer interaction ,Wireless ,Augmented reality ,Loudspeaker ,Artificial intelligence ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Communication channel ,Haptic technology - Abstract
Traditional technologies for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) create human experiences through visual and auditory stimuli that replicate sensations associated with the physical world. The most widespread VR and AR systems use head-mounted displays, accelerometers and loudspeakers as the basis for three-dimensional, computer-generated environments that can exist in isolation or as overlays on actual scenery. In comparison to the eyes and the ears, the skin is a relatively underexplored sensory interface for VR and AR technology that could, nevertheless, greatly enhance experiences at a qualitative level, with direct relevance in areas such as communications, entertainment and medicine1,2. Here we present a wireless, battery-free platform of electronic systems and haptic (that is, touch-based) interfaces capable of softly laminating onto the curved surfaces of the skin to communicate information via spatio-temporally programmable patterns of localized mechanical vibrations. We describe the materials, device structures, power delivery strategies and communication schemes that serve as the foundations for such platforms. The resulting technology creates many opportunities for use where the skin provides an electronically programmable communication and sensory input channel to the body, as demonstrated through applications in social media and personal engagement, prosthetic control and feedback, and gaming and entertainment. Interfaces for epidermal virtual reality technology are demonstrated that can communicate by programmable patterns of localized mechanical vibrations.
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- 2019
6. A dynamically reprogrammable metasurface with self-evolving shape morphing
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Yun Bai, Heling Wang, Yeguang Xue, Yuxin Pan, Jin-Tae Kim, Xinchen Ni, Tzu-Li Liu, Yiyuan Yang, Mengdi Han, Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers, and Xiaoyue Ni
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) ,Physics - Applied Physics ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter - Abstract
Dynamic shape-morphing soft materials systems are ubiquitous in living organisms; they are also of rapidly increasing relevance to emerging technologies in soft machines, flexible electronics, and smart medicines. Soft matter equipped with responsive components can switch between designed shapes or structures, but cannot support the types of dynamic morphing capabilities needed to reproduce natural, continuous processes of interest for many applications. Challenges lie in the development of schemes to reprogram target shapes post fabrication, especially when complexities associated with the operating physics and disturbances from the environment can prohibit the use of deterministic theoretical models to guide inverse design and control strategies. Here, we present a mechanical metasurface constructed from a matrix of filamentary metal traces, driven by reprogrammable, distributed Lorentz forces that follow from passage of electrical currents in the presence of a static magnetic field. The resulting system demonstrates complex, dynamic morphing capabilities with response times within 0.1 s. Implementing an in-situ stereo-imaging feedback strategy with a digitally controlled actuation scheme guided by an optimization algorithm, yields surfaces that can self-evolve into a wide range of 3-dimensional (3D) target shapes with high precision, including an ability to morph against extrinsic or intrinsic perturbations. These concepts support a data-driven approach to the design of dynamic, soft matter, with many unique characteristics., 15 pages, 5 figures
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- 2021
7. Complex 3D microfluidic architectures formed by mechanically guided compressive buckling
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Haiwen Luan, Wubin Bai, Shulin Chen, Xinchen Ni, Xueju Wang, Zhaoqian Xie, Shenglian Yao, Yameng Xu, Heling Wang, Zhengwei Li, Jilong Ye, John A. Rogers, Tzu Li Liu, Quansan Yang, Shiwei Zhao, Di Lu, Qihui Zhang, Shuo Li, Changsheng Wu, Mengdi Han, Yeguang Xue, Kan Li, Dongwhi Choi, Jae Hwan Kim, Jan-Kai Chang, Yonggang Huang, Jean Won Kwak, Luan, Haiwen [0000-0003-0722-1108], Wang, Xueju [0000-0002-0669-8759], Zhao, Shiwei [0000-0002-9797-1334], Wang, Heling [0000-0001-7859-5153], Xue, Yeguang [0000-0002-1968-5092], Kwak, Jean Won [0000-0001-7883-9242], Bai, Wubin [0000-0003-2872-5559], Li, Kan [0000-0003-4864-3446], Ni, Xinchen [0000-0002-3327-3764], Choi, Dongwhi [0000-0002-9286-2710], Yang, Quansan [0000-0001-8029-1327], Kim, Jae-Hwan [0000-0002-8940-652X], Li, Shuo [0000-0003-4913-730X], Chang, Jan-Kai [0000-0002-3056-1250], Xie, Zhaoqian [0000-0003-1320-817X], Huang, Yonggang [0000-0002-0483-8359], Rogers, John A [0000-0002-3830-5980], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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4003 Biomedical Engineering ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,Microfluidics ,Materials Science ,SciAdv r-articles ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,46 Information and Computing Sciences ,Buckling ,Applied Sciences and Engineering ,Drug delivery ,Physical and Materials Sciences ,40 Engineering ,Biotechnology ,Research Article - Abstract
Description, Mechanically guided assembly techniques yield complex 3D microvascular networks with multifunctional characteristics., Microfluidic technologies have wide-ranging applications in chemical analysis systems, drug delivery platforms, and artificial vascular networks. This latter area is particularly relevant to 3D cell cultures, engineered tissues, and artificial organs, where volumetric capabilities in fluid distribution are essential. Existing schemes for fabricating 3D microfluidic structures are constrained in realizing desired layout designs, producing physiologically relevant microvascular structures, and/or integrating active electronic/optoelectronic/microelectromechanical components for sensing and actuation. This paper presents a guided assembly approach that bypasses these limitations to yield complex 3D microvascular structures from 2D precursors that exploit the full sophistication of 2D fabrication methods. The capabilities extend to feature sizes
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- 2021
8. Battery-free, lightweight, injectable microsystem for in vivo wireless pharmacology and optogenetics
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Xueju Wang, Anthony Banks, Subing Qu, John A. Rogers, Yonggang Huang, Hexia Guo, Jokubas Ausra, Yixin Wu, Wen Shen, Rui Li, Yi Zhang, Zhaoqian Xie, Yiwen Xie, Tao Hang, Zhengyan Weng, Michael R. Bruchas, Jelena Radulovic, Rujie Sun, Binbin Wang, Diana Ostojich, Yeguang Xue, Abraham Vázquez-Guardado, Yuan Han, Guangfu Wu, Chun Ju Su, Philipp Gutruf, Yongjoon Yu, Dongsheng Peng, John P. Leshock, and Daniel C. Castro
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Male ,Battery (electricity) ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,Optogenetics ,Pharmacology ,Mice ,Channelrhodopsins ,Microsystem ,Tissue damage ,Biological neural network ,Animals ,Wireless ,Brain Chemistry ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Brain ,Prostheses and Implants ,Electric Stimulation ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,PNAS Plus ,Female ,Neuroscience research ,business ,Wireless Technology - Abstract
Pharmacology and optogenetics are widely used in neuroscience research to study the central and peripheral nervous systems. While both approaches allow for sophisticated studies of neural circuitry, continued advances are, in part, hampered by technology limitations associated with requirements for physical tethers that connect external equipment to rigid probes inserted into delicate regions of the brain. The results can lead to tissue damage and alterations in behavioral tasks and natural movements, with additional difficulties in use for studies that involve social interactions and/or motions in complex 3-dimensional environments. These disadvantages are particularly pronounced in research that demands combined optogenetic and pharmacological functions in a single experiment. Here, we present a lightweight, wireless, battery-free injectable microsystem that combines soft microfluidic and microscale inorganic light-emitting diode probes for programmable pharmacology and optogenetics, designed to offer the features of drug refillability and adjustable flow rates, together with programmable control over the temporal profiles. The technology has potential for large-scale manufacturing and broad distribution to the neuroscience community, with capabilities in targeting specific neuronal populations in freely moving animals. In addition, the same platform can easily be adapted for a wide range of other types of passive or active electronic functions, including electrical stimulation.
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- 2019
9. Buckling and twisting of advanced materials into morphable 3D mesostructures
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Cunman Liang, Abraham Vázquez-Guardado, Yonggang Huang, Heling Wang, Yoonseok Park, Lin Chen, John A. Rogers, Yeguang Xue, Zhaoqian Xie, Peijun Guo, Haiwen Luan, Richard D. Schaller, Mengdi Han, Yihui Zhang, Kan Li, Feng Zhu, Xueju Wang, Hangbo Zhao, Debashis Chanda, Yiyuan Yang, Luan, Haiwen [0000-0003-0722-1108], Xue, Yeguang [0000-0002-1968-5092], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Multidisciplinary ,Characteristic length ,Computer science ,Terahertz radiation ,three-dimensional fabrication ,Process (computing) ,Mechanical engineering ,Metamaterial ,kirigami ,metamaterials ,Transformation (function) ,PNAS Plus ,Buckling ,origami ,Stress relaxation ,Computational electromagnetics - Abstract
Recently developed methods in mechanically guided assembly provide deterministic access to wide-ranging classes of complex, 3D structures in high-performance functional materials, with characteristic length scales that can range from nanometers to centimeters. These processes exploit stress relaxation in prestretched elastomeric platforms to affect transformation of 2D precursors into 3D shapes by in- and out-of-plane translational displacements. This paper introduces a scheme for introducing local twisting deformations into this process, thereby providing access to 3D mesostructures that have strong, local levels of chirality and other previously inaccessible geometrical features. Here, elastomeric assembly platforms segmented into interconnected, rotatable units generate in-plane torques imposed through bonding sites at engineered locations across the 2D precursors during the process of stress relaxation. Nearly 2 dozen examples illustrate the ideas through a diverse variety of 3D structures, including those with designs inspired by the ancient arts of origami/kirigami and with layouts that can morph into different shapes. A mechanically tunable, multilayered chiral 3D metamaterial configured for operation in the terahertz regime serves as an application example guided by finite-element analysis and electromagnetic modeling.
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- 2019
10. Three-dimensional piezoelectric polymer microsystems for vibrational energy harvesting, robotic interfaces and biomedical implants
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Mengdi Han, Zheng Yan, Xinlong Wang, Haibo Li, Banu Akar, Guillermo A. Ameer, Haiwen Luan, Yiyuan Yang, Yihui Zhang, Wubin Bai, John A. Rogers, Jaeman Lim, Heling Wang, Cunman Liang, Irawati Kandela, Hangbo Zhao, Yeguang Xue, and Yonggang Huang
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Normal force ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Nanotechnology ,Robotics ,Piezoelectricity ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Responsivity ,Planar ,Microsystem ,Energy transformation ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Instrumentation ,Energy harvesting - Abstract
Piezoelectric microsystems are of use in areas such as mechanical sensing, energy conversion and robotics. The systems typically have a planar structure, but transforming them into complex three-dimensional (3D) frameworks could enhance and extend their various modes of operation. Here, we report a controlled, nonlinear buckling process to convert lithographically defined two-dimensional patterns of electrodes and thin films of piezoelectric polymers into sophisticated 3D piezoelectric microsystems. To illustrate the engineering versatility of the approach, we create more than twenty different 3D geometries. With these structures, we then demonstrate applications in energy harvesting with tailored mechanical properties and root-mean-square voltages ranging from 2 mV to 790 mV, in multifunctional sensors for robotic prosthetic interfaces with improved responsivity (for example, anisotropic responses and sensitivity of 60 mV N−1 for normal force), and in bio-integrated devices with in vivo operational capabilities. The 3D geometries, especially those with ultralow stiffnesses or asymmetric layouts, yield unique mechanical attributes and levels of functionality that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional two-dimensional designs. Nonlinear buckling processes can be used to transform thin films of piezoelectric polymers into sophisticated 3D piezoelectric microsystems with applications in energy harvesting, multifunctional sensing and bio-integrated devices.
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- 2019
11. A Wireless Closed Loop System for Optogenetic Peripheral Neuromodulation
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Seunghwan Min, Yeguang Xue, H. Henry Lai, Vijay K. Samineni, John A. Rogers, Aaron D. Mickle, Yonggang Huang, Jianpeng Zhang, Kaitlyn E. Crawford, Kyung Nim Noh, Maria A. Payne, Lisa A. McIlvried, Paulome Srivastava, Sung Il Park, Hokyung Jang, Kathleen Meacham, Do Hoon Kim, Sang Min Won, Yuhang Li, Young Shiuan, Yeojeong Yun, Jangyeol Yoon, Robert W. Gereau, Bryan A. Copits, and Bong Hoon Kim
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0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Urinary urgency ,Urinary incontinence ,Stimulation ,02 engineering and technology ,Optogenetics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Neuromodulation (medicine) ,Article ,3. Good health ,Peripheral ,03 medical and health sciences ,Overactive bladder ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,Neuroscience ,Organ Specificity ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
The fast-growing field of bioelectronic medicine aims to develop engineered systems that can relieve clinical conditions by stimulating the peripheral nervous system1–5. This type of technology relies largely on electrical stimulation to provide neuromodulation of organ function or pain. One example is sacral nerve stimulation to treat overactive bladder, urinary incontinence and interstitial cystitis (also known as bladder pain syndrome)4,6,7. Conventional, continuous stimulation protocols, however, can cause discomfort and pain, particularly when treating symptoms that can be intermittent (for example, sudden urinary urgency)8. Direct physical coupling of electrodes to the nerve can lead to injury and inflammation9–11. Furthermore, typical therapeutic stimulators target large nerve bundles that innervate multiple structures, resulting in a lack of organ specificity. Here we introduce a miniaturized bio-optoelectronic implant that avoids these limitations by using (1) an optical stimulation interface that exploits microscale inorganic light-emitting diodes to activate opsins; (2) a soft, high-precision biophysical sensor system that allows continuous measurements of organ function; and (3) a control module and data analytics approach that enables coordinated, closed-loop operation of the system to eliminate pathological behaviours as they occur in real-time. In the example reported here, a soft strain gauge yields real-time information on bladder function in a rat model. Data algorithms identify pathological behaviour, and automated, closed-loop optogenetic neuromodulation of bladder sensory afferents normalizes bladder function. This all-optical scheme for neuromodulation offers chronic stability and the potential to stimulate specific cell types. A closed-loop implantable bioelectronic device that can modulate peripheral neuronal activity is used to improve bladder function in a rat model of cystitis.
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- 2019
12. Modeling programmable drug delivery in bioelectronics with electrochemical actuation
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Yonggang Huang, Chenhang Li, John A. Rogers, Yeguang Xue, and Raudel Avila
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Drug Implants ,0303 health sciences ,Bioelectronics ,Multidisciplinary ,Microfluidics ,Process (computing) ,System optimization ,Reproducibility of Results ,Control engineering ,Context (language use) ,Membranes, Artificial ,02 engineering and technology ,Equipment Design ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Models, Chemical ,Scalability ,Drug delivery ,Physical Sciences ,Key (cryptography) ,Electrochemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Drug delivery systems featuring electrochemical actuation represent an emerging class of biomedical technology with programmable volume/flowrate capabilities for localized delivery. Recent work establishes applications in neuroscience experiments involving small animals in the context of pharmacological response. However, for programmable delivery, the available flowrate control and delivery time models fail to consider key variables of the drug delivery system--microfluidic resistance and membrane stiffness. Here we establish an analytical model that accounts for the missing variables and provides a scalable understanding of each variable influence in the physics of delivery process (i.e., maximum flowrate, delivery time). This analytical model accounts for the key parameters--initial environmental pressure, initial volume, microfluidic resistance, flexible membrane, current, and temperature--to control the delivery and bypasses numerical simulations allowing faster system optimization for different in vivo experiments. We show that the delivery process is controlled by three nondimensional parameters, and the volume/flowrate results from the proposed analytical model agree with the numerical results and experiments. These results have relevance to the many emerging applications of programmable delivery in clinical studies within the neuroscience and broader biomedical communities.
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- 2021
13. Skin-interfaced soft microfluidic systems with modular and reusable electronics for
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Aurélie, Hourlier-Fargette, Stéphanie, Schon, Yeguang, Xue, Raudel, Avila, Weihua, Li, Yiwei, Gao, Claire, Liu, Sung Bong, Kim, Milan S, Raj, Kelsey B, Fields, Blake V, Parsons, KunHyuck, Lee, Jong Yoon, Lee, Ha Uk, Chung, Stephen P, Lee, Michael, Johnson, Amay J, Bandodkar, Philipp, Gutruf, Jeffrey B, Model, Alexander J, Aranyosi, Jungil, Choi, Tyler R, Ray, Roozbeh, Ghaffari, Yonggang, Huang, and John A, Rogers
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Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Microfluidics ,Humans ,Biosensing Techniques ,Electronics ,Sweat ,Skin - Abstract
Important insights into human health can be obtained through the non-invasive collection and detailed analysis of sweat, a biofluid that contains a wide range of essential biomarkers. Skin-interfaced microfluidic platforms, characterized by soft materials and thin geometries, offer a collection of capabilities for in situ capture, storage, and analysis of sweat and its constituents. In ambulatory uses cases, the ability to provide real-time feedback on sweat loss, rate and content, without visual inspection of the device, can be important. This paper introduces a low-profile skin-interfaced system that couples disposable microfluidic sampling devices with reusable 'stick-on' electrodes and wireless readout electronics that remain isolated from the sweat. An ultra-thin capping layer on the microfluidic platform permits high-sensitivity, contactless capacitive measurements of both sweat loss and sweat conductivity. This architecture avoids the potential for corrosion of the sensing components and eliminates the need for cleaning/sterilizing the electronics, thereby resulting in a cost-effective platform that is simple to use. Optimized electrode designs follow from a combination of extensive benchtop testing, analytical calculations and FEA simulations for two sensing configurations: (1) sweat rate and loss, and (2) sweat conductivity, which contains information about electrolyte content. Both configurations couple to a flexible, wireless electronics platform that digitizes and transmits information to Bluetooth-enabled devices. On-body field testing during physical exercise validates the performance of the system in scenarios of practical relevance to human health and performance.
- Published
- 2020
14. Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems that Combine Hard and Soft Materials for Demanding Applications in Sweat Capture and Analysis
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Shulin Chen, Alexander J. Aranyosi, Yujun Deng, Daniel Franklin, Yong Suk Oh, Roozbeh Ghaffari, John A. Rogers, Stephen P. Lee, Jeffrey B. Model, Jungil Choi, Yeguang Xue, Jonathan T. Reeder, and Yonggang Huang
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Computer science ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biomaterials ,Electrolytes ,System level ,Process engineering ,Sweat ,Hydration status ,Skin ,Low modulus ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Measurement reliability ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Key features ,Soft materials ,Finite element method ,0104 chemical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Eccrine sweat contains a rich blend of electrolytes, metabolites, proteins, metal ions, and other biomarkers. Changes in the concentrations of these chemical species can indicate alterations in hydration status and they can also reflect health conditions such as cystic fibrosis, schizophrenia, and depression. Recent advances in soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems enable real-time measurement of local sweat loss and sweat biomarker concentrations, with a wide range of applications in healthcare. Uses in certain contexts involve, however, physical impacts on the body that can dynamically deform these platforms, with adverse effects on measurement reliability. The work presented here overcomes this limitation through the use of microfluidic structures constructed in relatively high modulus polymers, and designed in geometries that offer soft, system level mechanics when embedded low modulus elastomers. Analytical models and finite element analysis quantitatively define the relevant mechanics of these systems, and serve as the basis for layouts optimized to allow robust operation in demanding, rugged scenarios such as those encountered in football, while preserving mechanical stretchability for comfortable, water-tight bonding to the skin. Benchtop testing and on-body field studies of measurements of sweat loss and chloride concentration under imposed mechanical stresses and impacts demonstrate the key features of these platforms.
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- 2020
15. Corrigendum to 'Vibration of mechanically-assembled 3D microstructures formed by compressive buckling' [Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 112 (2018) 187–208]
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Xinge Yu, Haibo Li, Xin Ning, Haiwen Luan, Heling Wang, Luming Li, Yihui Zhang, Yeguang Xue, Zhichao Fan, John A. Rogers, and Yonggang Huang
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Vibration ,Physics ,Buckling ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Mechanics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Microstructure - Published
- 2022
16. Resettable skin interfaced microfluidic sweat collection devices with chemesthetic hydration feedback
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Amay J. Bandodkar, Jonathan T. Reeder, Siddharth Krishnan, Olivia Prado, John A. Rogers, Alexandra Johnson, Yujun Deng, Emily Patnaude, Yeguang Xue, John Ciraldo, Jungil Choi, Robin J. Kim, Raudel Avila, Daniel Franklin, Justin Hanson, Yonggang Huang, and Claire Liu
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0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Science ,Microfluidics ,Active components ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Organism Hydration Status ,02 engineering and technology ,Biosensing Techniques ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,SWEAT ,03 medical and health sciences ,User engagement ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Sweat ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Skin ,Feedback, Physiological ,Multidisciplinary ,integumentary system ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Chemistry ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Mechanical engineering ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Q ,Fluidics ,0210 nano-technology ,Reset (computing) ,Biomedical engineering ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Recently introduced classes of thin, soft, skin-mounted microfluidic systems offer powerful capabilities for continuous, real-time monitoring of total sweat loss, sweat rate and sweat biomarkers. Although these technologies operate without the cost, complexity, size, and weight associated with active components or power sources, rehydration events can render previous measurements irrelevant and detection of anomalous physiological events, such as high sweat loss, requires user engagement to observe colorimetric responses. Here we address these limitations through monolithic systems of pinch valves and suction pumps for purging of sweat as a reset mechanism to coincide with hydration events, microstructural optics for reversible readout of sweat loss, and effervescent pumps and chemesthetic agents for automated delivery of sensory warnings of excessive sweat loss. Human subject trials demonstrate the ability of these systems to alert users to the potential for dehydration via skin sensations initiated by sweat-triggered ejection of menthol and capsaicin., Wearables capable of collecting and analyzing sweat are of interest for athletics and health monitoring. Here, the authors report a resettable microfluidic platform comprising soft pumps and valves that provides triggered release of chemesthetic agents to alert the user of excessive sweat loss.
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- 2019
17. Advanced approaches for quantitative characterization of thermal transport properties in soft materials using thin, conformable resistive sensors
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Xue Feng, Zhaoqian Xie, Chen Wei, Sang Min Won, Shuai Xu, Daniel Capua, Yonggang Huang, R. Chad Webb, Limei Tian, John A. Rogers, Yeguang Xue, Kaitlyn E. Crawford, Yajing Li, Siddharth Krishnan, and Yinji Ma
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Resistive sensors ,Materials science ,Sunburn ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Planar ,Thermal transport ,Thermal conductivity ,Thermal ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,integumentary system ,Mechanical Engineering ,Conformable matrix ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Soft materials ,0104 chemical sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,Mechanics of Materials ,Erythema ,0210 nano-technology ,Transient plane source ,Biomedical engineering ,Epidermal electronics - Abstract
Noninvasive methods for precise characterization of the thermal properties of soft biological tissues such as the skin can yield vital details about physiological health status including at critical intervals during recovery following skin injury. Here, we introduce quantitative measurement and characterization methods that allow rapid, accurate determination of the thermal conductivity of soft materials using thin, skin-like resistive sensor platforms. Systematic evaluations of skin at eight different locations and of six different synthetic skin-mimicking materials across sensor sizes, measurement times, and surface geometries (planar, highly curvilinear) validate simple scaling laws for data interpretation and parameter extraction. As an example of the possibilities, changes in the thermal properties of skin (volar forearm) can be monitored during recovery from exposure to ultraviolet radiation (sunburn) and to stressors associated with localized heating and cooling. More generally, the results described here facilitate rapid, non-invasive thermal measurements on broad classes of biological and non-biological soft materials., GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
- Published
- 2018
18. Vibration of mechanically-assembled 3D microstructures formed by compressive buckling
- Author
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Haiwen Luan, Heling Wang, Xinge Yu, Haibo Li, Yihui Zhang, Yonggang Huang, Yeguang Xue, John A. Rogers, Xin Ning, Luming Li, and Zhichao Fan
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Acoustics ,Natural frequency ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Article ,Finite element method ,Vibration ,Nonlinear system ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Buckling ,Mechanics of Materials ,Deflection (engineering) ,Molecular vibration ,0210 nano-technology ,Actuator - Abstract
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) that rely on structural vibrations have many important applications, ranging from oscillators and actuators, to energy harvesters and vehicles for measurement of mechanical properties. Conventional MEMS, however, mostly utilize two-dimensional (2D) vibrational modes, thereby imposing certain limitations that are not present in 3D designs (e.g., multi-directional energy harvesting). 3D vibrational micro-platforms assembled through the techniques of controlled compressive buckling are promising because of their complex 3D architectures and the ability to tune their vibrational behavior (e.g., natural frequencies and modes) by reversibly changing their dimensions by deforming their soft, elastomeric substrates. A clear understanding of such strain-dependent vibration behavior is essential for their practical applications. Here, we present a study on the linear and nonlinear vibration of such 3D mesostructures through analytical modeling, finite element analysis (FEA) and experiment. An analytical solution is obtained for the vibration mode and linear natural frequency of a buckled ribbon, indicating a mode change as the static deflection amplitude increases. The model also yields a scaling law for linear natural frequency that can be extended to general, complex 3D geometries, as validated by FEA and experiment. In the regime of nonlinear vibration, FEA suggests that an increase of amplitude of external loading represents an effective means to enhance the bandwidth. The results also uncover a reduced nonlinearity of vibration as the static deflection amplitude of the 3D structures increases. The developed analytical model can be used in the development of new 3D vibrational micro-platforms, for example, to enable simultaneous measurement of diverse mechanical properties (density, modulus, viscosity etc.) of thin films and biomaterials.
- Published
- 2018
19. Fully implantable, battery-free wireless optoelectronic devices for spinal optogenetics
- Author
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Kajanna C. McKenzie, Saranya S. Sundaram, Yu Ra Jeong, Yonggang Huang, Jangyeol Yoon, Anthony Banks, Min Young Yang, Aaron D. Mickle, Gunchul Shin, Judith P. Golden, John A. Rogers, Yuhang Li, Xue Feng, Zhaoqian Xie, Jeong Sook Ha, Robert W. Gereau, Kaitlyn E. Crawford, Vijay K. Samineni, Yeguang Xue, Di Wu, and Jeonghyun Kim
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Future studies ,Computer science ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Green Fluorescent Proteins ,TRPV Cation Channels ,Channelrhodopsin ,Mice, Transgenic ,Optogenetics ,Article ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ,medicine ,Animals ,Wireless ,Electronics ,Wakefulness ,Open architecture ,Brain function ,business.industry ,Calcium-Binding Proteins ,Microfilament Proteins ,Spinal cord ,Disease Models, Animal ,Spinal Nerves ,030104 developmental biology ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Cord ,Neurology ,Exploratory Behavior ,Optoelectronics ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Electromagnetic Phenomena ,Wireless Technology ,Locomotion ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The advent of optogenetic tools has allowed unprecedented insights into the organization of neuronal networks. Although recently developed technologies have enabled implementation of optogenetics for studies of brain function in freely moving, untethered animals, wireless powering and device durability pose challenges in studies of spinal cord circuits where dynamic, multidimensional motions against hard and soft surrounding tissues can lead to device degradation. We demonstrate here a fully implantable optoelectronic device powered by near-field wireless communication technology, with a thin and flexible open architecture that provides excellent mechanical durability, robust sealing against biofluid penetration and fidelity in wireless activation, thereby allowing for long-term optical stimulation of the spinal cord without constraint on the natural behaviors of the animals. The system consists of a double-layer, rectangular-shaped magnetic coil antenna connected to a microscale inorganic light-emitting diode (μ-ILED) on a thin, flexible probe that can be implanted just above the dura of the mouse spinal cord for effective stimulation of light-sensitive proteins expressed in neurons in the dorsal horn. Wireless optogenetic activation of TRPV1-ChR2 afferents with spinal μ-ILEDs causes nocifensive behaviors and robust real-time place aversion with sustained operation in animals over periods of several weeks to months. The relatively low-cost electronics required for control of the systems, together with the biocompatibility and robust operation of these devices will allow broad application of optogenetics in future studies of spinal circuits, as well as various peripheral targets, in awake, freely moving and untethered animals, where existing approaches have limited utility.
- Published
- 2017
20. Collapse of liquid-overfilled strain-isolation substrates in wearable electronics
- Author
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John A. Rogers, Yonggang Huang, Yinji Ma, Xiufeng Wang, Yeguang Xue, Matt Pharr, Xue Feng, and Haiwen Luan
- Subjects
Scaling law ,Materials science ,Collapse (topology) ,02 engineering and technology ,Elastomer ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Partial closure ,Roof ,Wearable technology ,010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Structural engineering ,Biological tissue ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter ,Mechanics of Materials ,Modeling and Simulation ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Liquid that resides in a soft elastomer embedded between wearable electronics and biological tissue provides a strain-isolation effect, which enhances the wearability of the electronics. One potential drawback of this design is vulnerability to structural instability, e.g., roof collapse may lead to partial closure of the liquid-filled cavities. This issue is addressed here by overfilling liquid in the cavities to prevent roof collapse. Axisymmetric models of the roof collapse are developed to establish the scaling laws for liquid-overfilled cavities, as well as for air- and liquid-filled ones. It is established that the liquid-overfilled cavities are most effective to prevent roof collapse as compared to air- and liquid-filled ones.
- Published
- 2017
21. Electromechanical properties of reduced graphene oxide thin film on 3D elastomeric substrate
- Author
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Mayfair C. Kung, Harold H. Kung, Denis T. Keane, Xue Jun Bai, Yeguang Xue, Yue Yang Yu, and Yonggang Huang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Graphene ,Composite number ,Oxide ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Elastomer ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Electrical resistance and conductance ,Coating ,law ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Deformation (engineering) ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Graphene oxide paper - Abstract
Electrically conducting, 3D elastomeric composite foams are fabricated successfully using multiple cycles of infusing polyurethane foams with graphene oxide sheets followed by reduction, to form coatings of reduced graphene oxide up to ∼1260 nm thick. The reduced graphene oxide coating increases the compression modulus of the composite and lowers the electrical resistance significantly compared with polyurethane foam, the extents of which increase with increasing coating thickness. The electrical resistance of the coated foams varies by as much as three orders of magnitude for coating thickness between ∼150 and ∼1200 nm, whereas the capacitance varies by one order of magnitude. Both the stress-strain and the resistance-strain behavior are highly repeatable with compression cycles performed up to 70% strain. Both SEM and X-ray tomography characterization show that deformation is mostly through bending of the pore walls up to about 20% strain, collapse of pore openings to about 60% strain, and densification beyond that. Micro-fractures also develop on the coating during the first few cycles of compression, but no obvious structural changes can be detected afterwards.
- Published
- 2017
22. Collapse of microfluidic channels/reservoirs in thin, soft epidermal devices
- Author
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Daeshik Kang, Xue Feng, John A. Rogers, Yeguang Xue, Yonggang Huang, and Yinji Ma
- Subjects
Work (thermodynamics) ,Fabrication ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Microfluidics ,Collapse (topology) ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Adhesion ,Mechanics ,Structural engineering ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Mechanics of Materials ,Bending stiffness ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Beam (structure) ,Communication channel - Abstract
Self-collapse is a common problem encountered in fabrication of thin, soft epidermal microfluidic devices, due to the adhesion between top and bottom covers. Analytic models are developed for collapse of both long microfluidic channels and circular microfluidic reservoirs, with their covers modelled as plane-strain beam and thin plate, respectively. The analysis shows that a single parameter, the normalized work of adhesion, which combines the effects of channel/reservoir geometry, work of adhesion and bending stiffness of top and bottom channel/reservoir covers, controls different collapse states (no collapse, meta stable collapse and stable collapse) The established models agree well with the experimental observations, and provide guidelines to avoid the problem of self-collapse in design of epidermal microfluidic devices.
- Published
- 2017
23. Soft, skin-mounted microfluidic systems for measuring secretory fluidic pressures generated at the surface of the skin by eccrine sweat glands
- Author
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Shuai Xu, Amay J. Bandodkar, Daeshik Kang, Wei Xia, Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers, Yeguang Xue, Tyler R. Ray, Jonathan T. Reeder, and Jungil Choi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Capillary action ,Eccrine sweat ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Eccrine Glands ,010402 general chemistry ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Article ,SWEAT ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Bursting ,Pressure ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychological stress ,Fluidics ,Sweat ,Skin ,integumentary system ,Human studies ,Chemistry ,Equipment Design ,General Chemistry ,Anatomy ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
During periods of activity, sweat glands produce pressures associated with osmotic effects to drive liquid to the surface of the skin. The magnitudes of these pressures may provide insights into physiological health, the intensity of physical exertion, psychological stress factors and/other information of interest, yet they are currently unknown due to absence of means for non-invasive measurement. This paper introduces a thin, soft wearable microfluidic system that mounts onto the surface of the skin to enable precise and routine measurements of secretory fluidic pressures generated at the surface of the skin by eccrine sweat glands (surface SPSG, or s-SPSG) at nearly any location on the body. These platforms incorporate an arrayed collection of unit cells each of which includes an opening to the skin, an inlet through which sweat can flow, a capillary bursting valve (CBV) with a unique bursting pressure (BP), a corresponding microreservoir to receive sweat and an outlet to the surrounding ambient to allow release of backpressure. The BPs systematically span the physiologically relevant range. The set of unit cells is designed such that the BP difference between any two unit cells is greater than the combined uncertainty. Human studies demonstrate measurements of s-SPSG under different conditions, from various regions of the body. Average values in healthy young adults lie between 2.4 and 2.9 kPa. Sweat associated with vigorous exercise have s-SPSGs that are somewhat higher than those associated with sedentary activity. For all conditions, the forearm and lower back tend to yield the highest and lowest s-SPSGs, respectively.
- Published
- 2017
24. Harnessing the interface mechanics of hard films and soft substrates for 3D assembly by controlled buckling
- Author
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Fan Zhang, Yonggang Huang, Xiaogang Guo, Yihui Zhang, Qihui Zhang, Di Lu, Zhaoguo Xue, Xu Cheng, Xin Ning, Yameng Xu, Yuan Liu, Keh Chih Hwang, John A. Rogers, Yeguang Xue, Jianxing Liu, Yi Zhang, and Xueju Wang
- Subjects
Resonator ,Range (mathematics) ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,Buckling ,PNAS Plus ,Interface (Java) ,Process (engineering) ,Microsystem ,Delamination ,Context (language use) ,Mechanics - Abstract
Techniques for forming sophisticated, 3D mesostructures in advanced, functional materials are of rapidly growing interest, owing to their potential uses across a broad range of fundamental and applied areas of application. Recently developed approaches to 3D assembly that rely on controlled buckling mechanics serve as versatile routes to 3D mesostructures in a diverse range of high-quality materials and length scales of relevance for 3D microsystems with unusual function and/or enhanced performance. Nonlinear buckling and delamination behaviors in materials that combine both weak and strong interfaces are foundational to the assembly process, but they can be difficult to control, especially for complex geometries. This paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the fundamental aspects of adhesion and delamination in this context. By quantifying the effects of various essential parameters on these processes, we establish general design diagrams for different material systems, taking into account 4 dominant delamination states (wrinkling, partial delamination of the weak interface, full delamination of the weak interface, and partial delamination of the strong interface). These diagrams provide guidelines for the selection of engineering parameters that avoid interface-related failure, as demonstrated by a series of examples in 3D helical mesostructures and mesostructures that are reconfigurable based on the control of loading-path trajectories. Three-dimensional micromechanical resonators with frequencies that can be selected between 2 distinct values serve as demonstrative examples.
- Published
- 2019
25. Battery-free, fully implantable optofluidic cuff system for wireless optogenetic and pharmacological neuromodulation of peripheral nerves
- Author
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Chun Ju Su, Fengyi Zhang, Yonggang Huang, Hexia Guo, Siddharth Krishnan, Judith P. Golden, Lisa A. McIlvried, Jose G. Grajales-Reyes, Jonathan T. Reeder, Sherri K. Vogt, Dongsheng Peng, Yeguang Xue, John A. Rogers, Yiwen Xie, Yixin Wu, Aaron D. Mickle, Robert W. Gereau, Philipp Gutruf, Xueju Wang, and Yi Zhang
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,Computer science ,Interface (computing) ,education ,02 engineering and technology ,Optogenetics ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Engineering ,health services administration ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Wireless ,Peripheral Nerves ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,Neurotransmitter Agents ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Extramural ,business.industry ,SciAdv r-articles ,Brain ,Prostheses and Implants ,equipment and supplies ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Neuromodulation (medicine) ,Peripheral ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Peripheral nervous system ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Wireless Technology ,Neuroscience ,Research Article - Abstract
A battery-free, soft implantable nerve cuff system provides wireless delivery of light and drugs to modulate nerve activity., Studies of the peripheral nervous system rely on controlled manipulation of neuronal function with pharmacologic and/or optogenetic techniques. Traditional hardware for these purposes can cause notable damage to fragile nerve tissues, create irritation at the biotic/abiotic interface, and alter the natural behaviors of animals. Here, we present a wireless, battery-free device that integrates a microscale inorganic light-emitting diode and an ultralow-power microfluidic system with an electrochemical pumping mechanism in a soft platform that can be mounted onto target peripheral nerves for programmed delivery of light and/or pharmacological agents in freely moving animals. Biocompliant designs lead to minimal effects on overall nerve health and function, even with chronic use in vivo. The small size and light weight construction allow for deployment as fully implantable devices in mice. These features create opportunities for studies of the peripheral nervous system outside of the scope of those possible with existing technologies.
- Published
- 2019
26. Bioresorbable optical sensor systems for monitoring of intracranial pressure and temperature
- Author
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Wilson Z. Ray, Matthew R. MacEwan, Ying Yan, Zhonghe Liu, Yeguang Xue, Irawati Kandela, John A. Rogers, Weidong Zhou, Yonghao Liu, Wubin Bai, Yonggang Huang, Jiho Shin, and Maryam Kherad Pezhouh
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,Diagnostic information ,Silicon ,genetic structures ,Intracranial Pressure ,Computer science ,Materials Science ,02 engineering and technology ,Biosensing Techniques ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Absorbable Implants ,Humans ,Research Articles ,Photonic crystal ,Intracranial pressure ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Photons ,Multidisciplinary ,Extramural ,Temperature ,SciAdv r-articles ,Optical Devices ,Optics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,musculoskeletal system ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,eye diseases ,0104 chemical sciences ,Interferometry ,sense organs ,0210 nano-technology ,Biomedical engineering ,Research Article - Abstract
Bioresorbable optical sensor implants monitor brain pressure and temperature before naturally resorbing into the body., Continuous measurements of pressure and temperature within the intracranial, intraocular, and intravascular spaces provide essential diagnostic information for the treatment of traumatic brain injury, glaucoma, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. Optical sensors are attractive because of their inherent compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Existing implantable optical components use permanent, nonresorbable materials that must be surgically extracted after use. Bioresorbable alternatives, introduced here, bypass this requirement, thereby eliminating the costs and risks of surgeries. Here, millimeter-scale bioresorbable Fabry-Perot interferometers and two dimensional photonic crystal structures enable precise, continuous measurements of pressure and temperature. Combined mechanical and optical simulations reveal the fundamental sensing mechanisms. In vitro studies and histopathological evaluations quantify the measurement accuracies, operational lifetimes, and biocompatibility of these systems. In vivo demonstrations establish clinically relevant performance attributes. The materials, device designs, and fabrication approaches outlined here establish broad foundational capabilities for diverse classes of bioresorbable optical sensors.
- Published
- 2019
27. Development of a neural interface for high-definition, long-term recording in rodents and nonhuman primates
- Author
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Sung Bong Kim, Amy L. Orsborn, Charles Wang, Michael Trumpis, Kyung Jin Seo, Bijan Pesaran, Jinghua Li, Ki Jun Yu, Brinnae Bent, Yonggang Huang, Sang Min Won, Chunxiu Yu, Jonathan Viventi, John A. Rogers, Flavia Vitale, Virginia Woods, Kenneth L. Shepard, Chia Han Chiang, Andrew G. Richardson, Rizwan Huq, Seunghwan Min, Yeguang Xue, Hui Fang, and Bong Hoon Kim
- Subjects
Primates ,Computer science ,Rodentia ,02 engineering and technology ,Multiplexing ,Brain mapping ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Electrode array ,Animals ,Brain–computer interface ,Brain Mapping ,business.industry ,Brain ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Encapsulation (networking) ,Electrodes, Implanted ,Brain region ,Scalability ,High definition ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Microelectrodes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Computer hardware - Abstract
Long-lasting, high-resolution neural interfaces that are ultrathin and flexible are essential for precise brain mapping and high-performance neuroprosthetic systems. Scaling to sample thousands of sites across large brain regions requires integrating powered electronics to multiplex many electrodes to a few external wires. However, existing multiplexed electrode arrays rely on encapsulation strategies that have limited implant lifetimes. Here, we developed a flexible, multiplexed electrode array, called "Neural Matrix," that provides stable in vivo neural recordings in rodents and nonhuman primates. Neural Matrix lasts over a year and samples a centimeter-scale brain region using over a thousand channels. The long-lasting encapsulation (projected to last at least 6 years), scalable device design, and iterative in vivo optimization described here are essential components to overcoming current hurdles facing next-generation neural technologies.
- Published
- 2019
28. Skin-integrated wireless haptic interfaces for virtual and augmented reality
- Author
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Xinge, Yu, Zhaoqian, Xie, Yang, Yu, Jungyup, Lee, Abraham, Vazquez-Guardado, Haiwen, Luan, Jasper, Ruban, Xin, Ning, Aadeel, Akhtar, Dengfeng, Li, Bowen, Ji, Yiming, Liu, Rujie, Sun, Jingyue, Cao, Qingze, Huo, Yishan, Zhong, ChanMi, Lee, SeungYeop, Kim, Philipp, Gutruf, Changxing, Zhang, Yeguang, Xue, Qinglei, Guo, Aditya, Chempakasseril, Peilin, Tian, Wei, Lu, JiYoon, Jeong, YongJoon, Yu, Jesse, Cornman, CheeSim, Tan, BongHoon, Kim, KunHyuk, Lee, Xue, Feng, Yonggang, Huang, and John A, Rogers
- Subjects
Male ,Augmented Reality ,Communication ,Virtual Reality ,Equipment Design ,Prostheses and Implants ,Robotics ,Vibration ,Feedback ,User-Computer Interface ,Video Games ,Touch ,Humans ,Female ,Epidermis ,Social Media ,Wireless Technology ,Skin - Abstract
Traditional technologies for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) create human experiences through visual and auditory stimuli that replicate sensations associated with the physical world. The most widespread VR and AR systems use head-mounted displays, accelerometers and loudspeakers as the basis for three-dimensional, computer-generated environments that can exist in isolation or as overlays on actual scenery. In comparison to the eyes and the ears, the skin is a relatively underexplored sensory interface for VR and AR technology that could, nevertheless, greatly enhance experiences at a qualitative level, with direct relevance in areas such as communications, entertainment and medicine
- Published
- 2019
29. Design and Fabrication of Heterogeneous, Deformable Substrates for the Mechanically Guided 3D Assembly
- Author
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Kan Li, Ke Bai, Haiwen Luan, Heling Wang, Wenbo Pang, Xu Cheng, Shiwei Zhao, Fan Zhang, Zhaoqian Xie, Yonggang Huang, Yihui Zhang, Ao Wang, and Yeguang Xue
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fabrication ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Elastomer ,01 natural sciences ,Soft materials ,0104 chemical sciences ,Strain engineering ,Buckling ,Homogeneous ,Microsystem ,Large strain ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Development of schemes to form complex three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures in functional materials is a topic of broad interest, thanks to the ubiquitous applications across a diversity of technologies. Recently established schemes in the mechanically guided 3D assembly allow deterministic transformation of two-dimensional structures into sophisticated 3D architectures by controlled compressive buckling resulted from strain release of prestretched elastomer substrates. Existing studies mostly exploited supporting substrates made of homogeneous elastomeric material with uniform thickness, which produces relatively uniform strain field to drive the 3D assembly, thus posing limitations to the geometric diversity of resultant 3D mesostructures. To offer nonuniform strains with desired spatial distributions in the 3D assembly, this paper introduces a versatile set of concepts in the design of engineered substrates with heterogeneous integration of materials of different moduli. Such heterogeneous, deformable substrates can achieve large strain gradients and efficient strain isolation/magnification, which are difficult to realize using the previously reported strategies. Theoretical and experimental studies on the underlying mechanics offer a viable route to the design of heterogeneous, deformable substrates to yield favorable strain fields. A broad collection of 3D mesostructures and associated heterogeneous substrates is fabricated and demonstrated, including examples that resemble windmills, scorpions, and manta rays and those that have application potentials in tunable inductors and vibrational microsystems.
- Published
- 2018
30. Mechanics Modeling of Hierarchical Wrinkle Structures from the Sequential Release of Prestrain
- Author
-
Jianghong Yuan, Teri W. Odom, Won Kyu Lee, Yeguang Xue, and Yonggang Huang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nanostructure ,Thermoplastic ,Materials science ,Design elements and principles ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Mechanics ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nanolithography ,chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Deformation (engineering) ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,Nanoscopic scale ,Wrinkle ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical wrinkles can be generated on prestrained thermoplastic substrates by sequential cycles of skin layer growth followed by the release of prestrain. However, no mechanics models have explained the formation of multigenerational nanostructures using this nanofabrication process. This article describes an analytical model that can represent multiscale wrinkles with arbitrary numbers of generations. Structural features including wrinkle wavelengths and amplitudes on the nanoscale that are predicted by minimizing the total deformation energy of the system. The calculated wavelengths in each generation are in good agreement with experiment. Our mathematical approach provides design principles for achieving multigenerational hierarchical structures.
- Published
- 2018
31. Soft Three-Dimensional Microscale Vibratory Platforms for Characterization of Nano-Thin Polymer Films
- Author
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John A. Rogers, Zhaoqian Xie, Yihui Zhang, Heling Wang, Haiwen Luan, Paul V. Braun, Chen Wei, Xin Ning, Kewang Nan, Haibo Li, Kali A. Miller, Yunpeng Liu, Yeguang Xue, and Yonggang Huang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Microelectromechanical systems ,Materials science ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Epoxy ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polymer brush ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Nano ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Nanoscopic scale ,Microscale chemistry - Abstract
Vibrational resonances of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) can serve as means for assessing physical properties of ultrathin coatings in sensors and analytical platforms. Most such technologies exist in largely two-dimensional configurations with a limited total number of accessible vibration modes and modal displacements, thereby placing constraints on design options and operational capabilities. This study presents a set of concepts in three-dimensional (3D) microscale platforms with vibrational resonances excited by Lorentz-force actuation for purposes of measuring properties of thin-film coatings. Nanoscale films including photodefinable epoxy, cresol novolak resin, and polymer brush with thicknesses as small as 270 nm serve as the test vehicles for demonstrating the advantages of these 3D MEMS for detection of multiple physical properties, such as modulus and density, within a single polymer sample. The stability and reusability of the structure are demonstrated through multiple measurements of polymer samples using a single platform, and via integration with thermal actuators, the temperature-dependent physical properties of polymer films are assessed. Numerical modeling also suggests the potential for characterization of anisotropic mechanical properties in single or multilayer films. The findings establish unusual opportunities for interrogation of the physical properties of polymers through advanced MEMS design.
- Published
- 2018
32. Design of Strain-Limiting Substrate Materials for Stretchable and Flexible Electronics
- Author
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Yonggang Huang, Hang Chen, Jean Won Kwak, Xue Feng, Yinji Ma, John A. Rogers, Kyung In Jang, Yiyuan Yang, Han Na Jung, Liang Wang, Dawei Shi, and Yeguang Xue
- Subjects
Materials science ,Stretchable electronics ,Modulus ,Tangent ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Finite element method ,Flexible electronics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Biomaterials ,Tangent modulus ,Electrochemistry ,Deformation (engineering) ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Elastic modulus - Abstract
Recently developed classes of electronics for biomedical applications exploit substrates that offer low elastic modulus and high stretchability, to allow intimate, mechanically biocompatible integration with soft biological tissues. A challenge is that such substrates do not generally offer protection of the electronics from high peak strains that can occur upon large-scale deformation, thereby creating a potential for device failure. The results presented here establish a simple route to compliant substrates with strain-limiting mechanics based on approaches that complement those of recently described alternatives. Here, a thin film or mesh of a high modulus material transferred onto a prestrained compliant substrate transforms into wrinkled geometry upon release of the prestrain. The structure formed by this process offers a low elastic modulus at small strain due to the small effective stiffness of the wrinkled film or mesh; it has a high tangent modulus (e.g., >1000 times the elastic modulus) at large strain, as the wrinkles disappear and the film/mesh returns to a flat geometry. This bilinear stress–strain behavior has an extremely sharp transition point, defined by the magnitude of the prestrain. A theoretical model yields analytical expressions for the elastic and tangent moduli and the transition strain of the bilinear stress–strain relation, with quantitative correspondence to finite element analysis and experiments.
- Published
- 2016
33. Materials, Mechanics Designs, and Bioresorbable Multisensor Platforms for Pressure Monitoring in the Intracranial Space
- Author
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Wilson Z. Ray, Yonggang Huang, Tzu Li Liu, Min-Ho Seo, Jahyun Koo, Matthew R. MacEwan, Rose T. Yin, John A. Rogers, Yung Jong Lee, Ying Yan, Seung-Kyun Kang, Quansan Yang, Di Lu, Seungae Lee, Seokhwan Lee, and Yeguang Xue
- Subjects
Biomaterials ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Electrochemistry ,Pressure monitoring ,Aerospace engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Space (mathematics) ,business ,Pressure sensor ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2020
34. Waterproof, electronics-enabled, epidermal microfluidic devices for sweat collection, biomarker analysis, and thermography in aquatic settings
- Author
-
John A. Rogers, Shuai Xu, Kelly A. Barnes, Tyler R. Ray, Yonggang Huang, Amay J. Bandodkar, Wei Xia, Siddharth Krishnan, Mark Liu, Raudel Avila, Matthew Pahnke, Jungil Choi, Yeguang Xue, Jonathan T. Reeder, Justin Hanson, Roozbeh Ghaffari, and Philipp Gutruf
- Subjects
Microfluidics ,Materials Science ,Sweat chloride ,02 engineering and technology ,Biosensing Techniques ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,SWEAT ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Chlorides ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Humans ,Seawater ,Biomarker Analysis ,Electronics ,Process engineering ,Sweat ,Electronic systems ,Swimming ,Research Articles ,Skin ,Multidisciplinary ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Temperature ,Skin temperature ,SciAdv r-articles ,Equipment Design ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Applied Sciences and Engineering ,Thermography ,Environmental science ,Epidermis ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biomarkers ,Research Article - Abstract
Waterproof epidermal microfluidics enable collection and analysis of sweat during aquatic exercise., Noninvasive, in situ biochemical monitoring of physiological status, via the use of sweat, could enable new forms of health care diagnostics and personalized hydration strategies. Recent advances in sweat collection and sensing technologies offer powerful capabilities, but they are not effective for use in extreme situations such as aquatic or arid environments, because of unique challenges in eliminating interference/contamination from surrounding water, maintaining robust adhesion in the presence of viscous drag forces and/or vigorous motion, and preventing evaporation of collected sweat. This paper introduces materials and designs for waterproof, epidermal, microfluidic and electronic systems that adhere to the skin to enable capture, storage, and analysis of sweat, even while fully underwater. Field trials demonstrate the ability of these devices to collect quantitative in situ measurements of local sweat chloride concentration, local sweat loss (and sweat rate), and skin temperature during vigorous physical activity in controlled, indoor conditions and in open-ocean swimming.
- Published
- 2018
35. A wireless closed-loop system for optogenetic peripheral neuromodulation
- Author
-
Aaron D, Mickle, Sang Min, Won, Kyung Nim, Noh, Jangyeol, Yoon, Kathleen W, Meacham, Yeguang, Xue, Lisa A, McIlvried, Bryan A, Copits, Vijay K, Samineni, Kaitlyn E, Crawford, Do Hoon, Kim, Paulome, Srivastava, Bong Hoon, Kim, Seunghwan, Min, Young, Shiuan, Yeojeong, Yun, Maria A, Payne, Jianpeng, Zhang, Hokyung, Jang, Yuhang, Li, H Henry, Lai, Yonggang, Huang, Sung-Il, Park, Robert W, Gereau, and John A, Rogers
- Subjects
Neurons ,Urinary Bladder ,Rats ,Optogenetics ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Ganglia, Spinal ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,Electronics ,Spinal Nerve Roots ,Wireless Technology ,Algorithms ,Cells, Cultured - Abstract
The fast-growing field of bioelectronic medicine aims to develop engineered systems that can relieve clinical conditions by stimulating the peripheral nervous system
- Published
- 2018
36. Anisotropic Mechanics of Cellular Substrate Under Finite Deformation
- Author
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Hanbin Xiao, Yonggang Huang, Xue Feng, Yeguang Xue, Yinji Ma, and Feng Zhu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Constitutive equation ,Stress–strain curve ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,Substrate (printing) ,Deformation (meteorology) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Finite element method ,Stress (mechanics) ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,0210 nano-technology ,Anisotropy ,Porosity - Abstract
The use of cellular substrates for stretchable electronics minimizes not only disruptions to the natural diffusive or convective flow of bio-fluids, but also the constraints on the natural motion of the skin. The existing analytic constitutive models for the equivalent medium of the cellular substrate under finite stretching are only applicable for stretching along the cell walls. This paper aims at establishing an analytic constitutive model for the anisotropic equivalent medium of the cellular substrate under finite stretching along any direction. The model gives the nonlinear stress–strain curves of the cellular substrate that agree very well with the finite element analysis (FEA) without any parameter fitting. For the applied strain
- Published
- 2018
37. Mechanically active materials in three-dimensional mesostructures
- Author
-
Haiwen Luan, Xinge Yu, Yonggang Huang, Ziqi Zhang, Yao Yao, Heling Wang, Rujie Sun, Haibo Li, Zizheng Wang, Aditya Chempakasseril, John A. Rogers, Xue Feng, Yeguang Xue, Randy H. Ewoldt, Chan Mi Lee, Wei Xia, R. E. Corman, Xin Ning, and Yihui Zhang
- Subjects
Microelectromechanical systems ,Multidisciplinary ,Computer science ,Geometric transformation ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Mechanobiology ,Transfer printing ,0210 nano-technology ,Actuator ,Energy harvesting ,Microscale chemistry ,Mechanical energy - Abstract
Complex, three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures that incorporate advanced, mechanically active materials are of broad, growing interest for their potential use in many emerging systems. The technology implications range from precision-sensing microelectromechanical systems, to tissue scaffolds that exploit the principles of mechanobiology, to mechanical energy harvesters that support broad bandwidth operation. The work presented here introduces strategies in guided assembly and heterogeneous materials integration as routes to complex, 3D microscale mechanical frameworks that incorporatemultiple, independently addressable piezoelectric thin-film actuators for vibratory excitation and precise control. The approach combines transfer printing as a scheme formaterials integrationwith structural buckling as ameans for 2D-to-3D geometric transformation, for designs that range from simple, symmetric layouts to complex, hierarchical configurations, on planar or curvilinear surfaces. Systematic experimental and computational studies reveal the underlying characteristics and capabilities, including selective excitation of targeted vibrational modes for simultaneous measurements of viscosity and density of surrounding fluids. The results serve as the foundations for unusual classes of mechanically active 3D mesostructures with unique functions relevant to biosensing, mechanobiology, energy harvesting, and others.
- Published
- 2018
38. Bioresorbable pressure sensors protected with thermally grown silicon dioxide for the monitoring of chronic diseases and healing processes
- Author
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Jan-Kai Chang, Ying Yan, Wilson Z. Ray, Ki Jun Yu, Seung-Kyun Kang, Yonggang Huang, Limei Tian, Maryam Kherad Pezhouh, Sheng-Kwei Song, Yeguang Xue, Matthew R. MacEwan, Jianing Zhao, John A. Rogers, Hangyu Ryu, Paul Gamble, William M. Spees, Sang Min Won, Yoon Kyeung Lee, Wubin Bai, Yechan Lee, Minseok Choi, Jonathan Ko, Chad R. Haney, Jiho Shin, and Irawati Kandela
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Intracranial Pressure ,Biomedical Engineering ,Blood count ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Time frame ,Pressure monitors ,Surgical extraction ,Absorbable Implants ,Medicine ,Animals ,Tissue Distribution ,Tissue distribution ,Intracranial pressure ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Wound Healing ,business.industry ,Temperature ,Silicon Dioxide ,Pressure sensor ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Computer Science Applications ,Kinetics ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood chemistry ,Rats, Inbred Lew ,Chronic Disease ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biotechnology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Pressures in the intracranial, intraocular and intravascular spaces are clinically useful for the diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury, glaucoma and hypertension, respectively. Conventional devices for measuring these pressures require surgical extraction after a relevant operational time frame. Bioresorbable sensors, by contrast, eliminate this requirement, thereby minimizing the risk of infection, decreasing the costs of care and reducing distress and pain for the patient. However, the operational lifetimes of bioresorbable pressure sensors available at present fall short of many clinical needs. Here, we present materials, device structures and fabrication procedures for bioresorbable pressure sensors with lifetimes exceeding those of previous reports by at least tenfold. We demonstrate measurement accuracies that compare favourably to those of the most sophisticated clinical standards for non-resorbable devices by monitoring intracranial pressures in rats for 25 days. Assessments of the biodistribution of the constituent materials, complete blood counts, blood chemistry and magnetic resonance imaging compatibility confirm the biodegradability and clinical utility of the device. Our findings establish routes for the design and fabrication of bioresorbable pressure monitors that meet requirements for clinical use.
- Published
- 2018
39. A theoretical model of reversible adhesion in shape memory surface relief structures and its application in transfer printing
- Author
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Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers, Xue Feng, Seok Kim, Yihui Zhang, and Yeguang Xue
- Subjects
Shape-memory polymer ,Materials science ,Fabrication ,Mechanics of Materials ,Transfer printing ,Mechanical Engineering ,Stretchable electronics ,Nanotechnology ,Shape-memory alloy ,Adhesion ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Contact area ,Flexible electronics - Abstract
Transfer printing is an important and versatile tool for deterministic assembly and integration of micro/nanomaterials on unusual substrates, with promising applications in fabrication of stretchable and flexible electronics. The shape memory polymers (SMP) with triangular surface relief structures are introduced to achieve large, reversible adhesion, thereby with potential applications in temperature-controlled transfer printing. An analytic model is established, and it identifies two mechanisms to increase the adhesion: (1) transition of contact mode from the triangular to trapezoidal configurations, and (2) explicit enhancement in the contact area. The surface relief structures are optimized to achieve reversible adhesion and transfer printing. The theoretical model and results presented can be exploited as design guidelines for future applications of SMP in reversible adhesion and stretchable electronics.
- Published
- 2015
40. Modeling programmable drug delivery in bioelectronics with electrochemical actuation.
- Author
-
Avila, Raudel, Chenhang Li, Yeguang Xue, Rogers, John A., and Yonggang Huang
- Subjects
DRUG delivery systems ,BIOELECTRONICS ,SOFTWARE radio ,MATHEMATICAL optimization - Abstract
Drug delivery systems featuring electrochemical actuation represent an emerging class of biomedical technology with programmable volume/flowrate capabilities for localized delivery. Recent work establishes applications in neuroscience experiments involving small animals in the context of pharmacological response. However, for programmable delivery, the available flowrate control and delivery time models fail to consider key variables of the drug delivery system--microfluidic resistance and membrane stiffness. Here we establish an analytical model that accounts for the missing variables and provides a scalable understanding of each variable influence in the physics of delivery process (i.e., maximum flowrate, delivery time). This analytical model accounts for the key parameters--initial environmental pressure, initial volume, microfluidic resistance, flexible membrane, current, and temperature--to control the delivery and bypasses numerical simulations allowing faster system optimization for different in vivo experiments. We show that the delivery process is controlled by three nondimensional parameters, and the volume/flowrate results from the proposed analytical model agree with the numerical results and experiments. These results have relevance to the many emerging applications of programmable delivery in clinical studies within the neuroscience and broader biomedical communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Chemical Sensing Systems that Utilize Soft Electronics on Thin Elastomeric Substrates with Open Cellular Designs
- Author
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Wenlong Tian, Yinji Ma, Yoon Kyeung Lee, Yerim Kim, Xue Feng, Yiyuan Yang, Yu Jiang, Yonggang Huang, Jean Won Kwak, Kyung In Jang, Yeguang Xue, Han Na Jung, Liang Wang, Hang Chen, John A. Rogers, Yihui Zhang, and Ahyeon Koh
- Subjects
Low modulus ,Materials science ,Stretchable electronics ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Elastomer ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Biomaterials ,Electrochemistry ,Fluidics ,Electronics ,0210 nano-technology ,Sensing system - Abstract
A collection of materials and device architectures are introduced for thin, stretchable arrays of ion sensors that mount on open cellular substrates to facilitate solution exchange for use in biointegrated electronics. The results include integration strategies and studies of fundamental characteristics in chemical sensing and mechanical response. The latter involves experimental measurements and theoretical simulations that establish important considerations in the design of low modulus, stretchable properties in cellular substrates, and in the realization of advanced capabilities in spatiotemporal mapping of chemicals' gradients. As the chemical composition of extracellular fluids contains valuable information related to biological function, the concepts introduced here have potential utility across a range of skin- and internal-organ-integrated electronics where soft mechanics, fluidic permeability, and advanced chemical sensing capabilities are key requirements.
- Published
- 2017
42. Engineered elastomer substrates for guided assembly of complex 3D mesostructures by spatially nonuniform compressive buckling
- Author
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Kewang Nan, Yeguang Xue, Kan Li, Zheng Yan, Yihui Zhang, Yonggang Huang, Matthew Chang, Ao Wang, John A. Rogers, Yutong Zhang, Wen Huang, Juntong Wang, Mengdi Han, Haiwen Luan, Yiqi Wang, and Xin Ning
- Subjects
Materials science ,Stretchable electronics ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (printing) ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Elastomer ,Compression (physics) ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Biomaterials ,Planar ,Strain engineering ,Electrochemistry ,Electroactive polymers ,Thin film ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Approaches capable of creating three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures in advanced materials (device-grade semiconductors, electroactive polymers etc.) are of increasing interest in modern materials research. A versatile set of approaches exploits transformation of planar precursors into 3D architectures through the action of compressive forces associated with release of prestrain in a supporting elastomer substrate. Although a diverse set of 3D structures can be realized in nearly any class of material in this way, all previously reported demonstrations lack the ability to vary the degree of compression imparted to different regions of the 2D precursor, thus constraining the diversity of 3D geometries. This paper presents a set of ideas in materials and mechanics in which elastomeric substrates with engineered distributions of thickness yield desired strain distributions for targeted control over resultant 3D mesostructures geometries. This approach is compatible with a broad range of advanced functional materials from device-grade semiconductors to commercially available thin films, over length scales from tens of microns to several millimeters. A wide range of 3D structures can be produced in this way, some of which have direct relevance to applications in tunable optics and stretchable electronics.
- Published
- 2017
43. Torsional Buckling by Joining Prestrained and Unstrained Elastomeric Strips With Application as Bilinear Elastic Spring
- Author
-
Raudel Avila and Yeguang Xue
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Bilinear interpolation ,Torsional buckling ,02 engineering and technology ,STRIPS ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Elastomer ,Finite element method ,law.invention ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Buckling ,Mechanics of Materials ,Spring (device) ,law ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Controlled formation of complex three-dimensional (3D) geometries has always attracted wide interest especially in micro/nanoscale where traditional fabrication techniques fail to apply. Recent advances employed buckling as a promising complementary assembling technique and the method can be used for high-performance electronics materials, such as silicon. This paper describes a new buckling pattern generated by joining multiple prestrained and unstrained elastomeric strips. After releasing, periodic twisting of the system along the releasing direction is generated and bilinear force–displacement relationship is revealed from finite element analysis (FEA). The finding enriches the classes of geometries that can be achieved from structural buckling. Also, compared to other buckling phenomena, the lateral dimension of the system does not change during the buckling process, which makes the structure perfect for elastic spring elements that can be arranged closely to each other without interference.
- Published
- 2017
44. Erratum: Capacitively coupled arrays of multiplexed flexible silicon transistors for long-term cardiac electrophysiology
- Author
-
Hui Fang, Ki Jun Yu, Christopher Gloschat, Zijian Yang, Enming Song, Chia-Han Chiang, Jianing Zhao, Sang Min Won, Siyi Xu, Michael Trumpis, Yiding Zhong, Seung Won Han, Yeguang Xue, Dong Xu, Seo Woo Choi, Gert Cauwenberghs, Matthew Kay, Yonggang Huang, Jonathan Viventi, Igor R. Efimov, and John A. Rogers
- Subjects
Biomedical Engineering ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering ,Computer Science Applications ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2017
45. Capacitively Coupled Arrays of Multiplexed Flexible Silicon Transistors for Long-Term Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Author
-
Seung Won Han, Yiding Zhong, Gert Cauwenberghs, Dong Xu, Jianing Zhao, John A. Rogers, Yonggang Huang, Matthew W. Kay, Zijian Yang, Yeguang Xue, Igor R. Efimov, Christopher R Gloschat, Chia Han Chiang, Enming Song, Siyi Xu, Michael Trumpis, Ki Jun Yu, Seo Woo Choi, Sang Min Won, Hui Fang, and Jonathan Viventi
- Subjects
Materials science ,Orders of magnitude (temperature) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Cardiovascular ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Multiplexing ,Article ,law.invention ,law ,Electronic engineering ,Electronics ,Capacitive coupling ,Cardiac electrophysiology ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Transistor ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Flexible electronics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Computer Science Applications ,Heart Disease ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Advanced capabilities in electrical recording are essential for the treatment of heart-rhythm diseases. The most advanced technologies use flexible integrated electronics; however, the penetration of biological fluids into the underlying electronics and any ensuing electrochemical reactions pose significant safety risks. Here, we show that an ultrathin, leakage-free, biocompatible dielectric layer can completely seal an underlying layer of flexible electronics while allowing for electrophysiological measurements through capacitive coupling between tissue and the electronics, and thus without the need for direct metal contact. The resulting current-leakage levels and operational lifetimes are, respectively, four orders of magnitude smaller and between two and three orders of magnitude longer than those of any other flexible-electronics technology. Systematic electrophysiological studies with normal, paced and arrhythmic conditions in Langendorff hearts highlight the capabilities of the capacitive-coupling approach. Our technology provides a realistic pathway towards the broad applicability of biocompatible, flexible electronic implants.
- Published
- 2017
46. A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat
- Author
-
Seungmin Lee, Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers, Taehwan Hwang, Megan Manco, Rafal M. Pielak, Marvin J. Slepian, Jeonghyun Kim, Seungyong Han, Ungyu Paik, Kaitlyn R. Ammann, Kyung In Jang, Philippe Bastien, Seunghwan Min, Guive Balooch, Yeguang Xue, Ahyeon Koh, Anthony Banks, Daeshik Kang, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Phillip Won, and Liang Wang
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,Wearable computer ,Environment controlled ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Mechanical irritation ,SWEAT ,User-Computer Interface ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Young Adult ,Chlorides ,Sweat analysis ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Lactic Acid ,Perspiration ,Child ,Sweat ,Aged ,integumentary system ,Human studies ,business.industry ,Equipment Design ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Middle Aged ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Glucose ,Embedded system ,Colorimetry ,Female ,Smartphone ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Capabilities in health monitoring enabled by capture and quantitative chemical analysis of sweat could complement, or potentially obviate the need for, approaches based on sporadic assessment of blood samples. Established sweat monitoring technologies use simple fabric swatches and are limited to basic analysis in controlled laboratory or hospital settings. We present a collection of materials and device designs for soft, flexible, and stretchable microfluidic systems, including embodiments that integrate wireless communication electronics, which can intimately and robustly bond to the surface of the skin without chemical and mechanical irritation. This integration defines access points for a small set of sweat glands such that perspiration spontaneously initiates routing of sweat through a microfluidic network and set of reservoirs. Embedded chemical analyses respond in colorimetric fashion to markers such as chloride and hydronium ions, glucose, and lactate. Wireless interfaces to digital image capture hardware serve as a means for quantitation. Human studies demonstrated the functionality of this microfluidic device during fitness cycling in a controlled environment and during long-distance bicycle racing in arid, outdoor conditions. The results include quantitative values for sweat rate, total sweat loss, pH, and concentration of chloride and lactate.
- Published
- 2016
47. A Generic Soft Encapsulation Strategy for Stretchable Electronics
- Author
-
Xu Cheng, Kan Li, Ziyao Ji, Haiwen Luan, Li Linze, Feng Zhu, Xue Feng, Yonggang Huang, Zhouheng Wang, Luming Li, Yeguang Xue, Zhaoqian Xie, John A. Rogers, Yihui Zhang, Heling Wang, Fei Liu, and Changqing Jiang
- Subjects
Interconnection ,Materials science ,Stretchable electronics ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Encapsulation (networking) ,Biomaterials ,visual_art ,Electronic component ,Electrochemistry ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0210 nano-technology ,Electronic systems - Abstract
Recent progress in stretchable forms of inorganic electronic systems has established a route to new classes of devices, with particularly unique capabilities in functional biointerfaces, because of their mechanical and geometrical compatibility with human tissues and organs. A reliable approach to physically and chemically protect the electronic components and interconnects is indispensable for practical applications. Although recent reports describe various options in soft, solid encapsulation, the development of approaches that do not significantly reduce the stretchability remains an area of continued focus. Herein, a generic, soft encapsulation strategy is reported, which is applicable to a wide range of stretchable interconnect designs, including those based on two-dimensional (2D) serpentine configurations, 2D fractal-inspired patterns, and 3D helical configurations. This strategy forms the encapsulation while the system is in a prestrained state, in contrast to the traditional approach that involves the strain-free configuration. A systematic comparison reveals that substantial enhancements (e.g., ≈6.0 times for 2D serpentine, ≈4.0 times for 2D fractal, and ≈2.6 times for 3D helical) in the stretchability can be achieved through use of the proposed strategy. Demonstrated applications in highly stretchable light-emitting diodes systems that can be mounted onto complex curvilinear surfaces illustrate the general capabilities in functional device systems.
- Published
- 2019
48. Resettable skin interfaced microfluidic sweat collection devices with chemesthetic hydration feedback.
- Author
-
Reeder, Jonathan T., Yeguang Xue, Franklin, Daniel, Yujun Deng, Jungil Choi, Prado, Olivia, Kim, Robin, Liu, Claire, Hanson, Justin, Ciraldo, John, Bandodkar, Amay J., Krishnan, Siddharth, Johnson, Alexandra, Patnaude, Emily, Avila, Raudel, Yonggang Huang, and Rogers, John A.
- Abstract
Recently introduced classes of thin, soft, skin-mounted microfluidic systems offer powerful capabilities for continuous, real-time monitoring of total sweat loss, sweat rate and sweat biomarkers. Although these technologies operate without the cost, complexity, size, and weight associated with active components or power sources, rehydration events can render previous measurements irrelevant and detection of anomalous physiological events, such as high sweat loss, requires user engagement to observe colorimetric responses. Here we address these limitations through monolithic systems of pinch valves and suction pumps for purging of sweat as a reset mechanism to coincide with hydration events, microstructural optics for reversible readout of sweat loss, and effervescent pumps and chemesthetic agents for automated delivery of sensory warnings of excessive sweat loss. Human subject trials demonstrate the ability of these systems to alert users to the potential for dehydration via skin sensations initiated by sweat-triggered ejection of menthol and capsaicin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Ultrathin, transferred layers of thermally grown silicon dioxide as biofluid barriers for biointegrated flexible electronic systems
- Author
-
Dong Xu, Sang Min Won, Kyung Jin Seo, Narayana R. Aluru, Yiding Zhong, Seo Woo Choi, Jianing Zhao, Jonathan Viventi, Ki Jun Yu, Chia Han Chiang, Xin Jin, Amir Barati Farimani, John A. Rogers, Enming Song, Zijian Yang, Hui Fang, Muhammad A. Alam, Yeguang Xue, Yonggang Huang, Santanu Chaudhuri, Guanhua Fang, and Wenbo Du
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,Silicon dioxide ,Interface (computing) ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electricity ,Wafer ,Computer Simulation ,Ceramic ,Electronics ,Electronic systems ,Flexibility (engineering) ,Multidisciplinary ,Temperature ,Models, Theoretical ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Silicon Dioxide ,Body Fluids ,Electronics, Medical ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0210 nano-technology ,Novel Materials Special Feature ,Target organ - Abstract
Materials that can serve as long-lived barriers to biofluids are essential to the development of any type of chronic electronic implant. Devices such as cardiac pacemakers and cochlear implants use bulk metal or ceramic packages as hermetic enclosures for the electronics. Emerging classes of flexible, biointegrated electronic systems demand similar levels of isolation from biofluids but with thin, compliant films that can simultaneously serve as biointerfaces for sensing and/or actuation while in contact with the soft, curved, and moving surfaces of target organs. This paper introduces a solution to this materials challenge that combines (i) ultrathin, pristine layers of silicon dioxide (SiO2) thermally grown on device-grade silicon wafers, and (ii) processing schemes that allow integration of these materials onto flexible electronic platforms. Accelerated lifetime tests suggest robust barrier characteristics on timescales that approach 70 y, in layers that are sufficiently thin (less than 1 μm) to avoid significant compromises in mechanical flexibility or in electrical interface fidelity. Detailed studies of temperature- and thickness-dependent electrical and physical properties reveal the key characteristics. Molecular simulations highlight essential aspects of the chemistry that governs interactions between the SiO2 and surrounding water. Examples of use with passive and active components in high-performance flexible electronic devices suggest broad utility in advanced chronic implants.
- Published
- 2016
50. Flexible Electronics: Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Epidermal Heat Flux Sensors for Measurements of Core Body Temperature (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2016)
- Author
-
Richard Chad Webb, John A. Rogers, Hongying Luo, Nam Heon Cho, Yeguang Xue, Yihui Zhang, Yuhang Li, Yonggang Huang, Jonas Kurniawan, and Siddharth Krishnan
- Subjects
Materials science ,Stretchable electronics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Mechanical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Flexible electronics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biomaterials ,Core (optical fiber) ,Heat flux ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
On page 119, J. A. Rogers and co-workers present theoretical approaches, modeling algorithms, materials, and device designs for the noninvasive measurement of core body temperature by using multiple differential temperature sensors that attach softly and intimately onto the surface of the skin. The image shows the construction of differential temperature sensors using thermally insulating foam as the separation material.
- Published
- 2016
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