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Bu çalışma, karma yeme demir dikeni bitkisi (Tribulus terrestris) saponin ekstraktı (DDSE) ilavesinin yumurtacı tavuklarda performans, iç-dış yumurta kalite kriterleri, yumurta kolesterol düzeyleri ve bazı kan serum parametreleri üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma grupları ticari yumurtacı karma yemine 0 (kontrol); 1 g DDSE, 2 g DDSE, 4 g DDSE ve 8 g DDSE eklenerek 5 gruptan oluşturulmuştur. Toplam 80 adet yumurtacı tavuk her bir grupta 16 hayvan olacak şekilde gruplara rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; kontrol grubu hariç diğer deneme gruplarına göre 1 g DDSE grubunda yumurta sarısı kolesterol değeri düşmüştür. Deneme ortasında 2, 4 ve 8 g DDSE grupları kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek ak uzunluğu değerleri vermişlerdir. Performans ve kan serumu parametre değerleri bakımından gruplar arasında herhangi bir farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak DDSE tavuklarda performans, yumurta kalite kriterleri ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkisi olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Bu çalışma, yavaş ve hızlı gelişen etlik piliç soyları ile ekonomik verim dönemini tamamlamış (EVD) farklı yaştaki yumurta tavuklarının bilinçsizleştirme, kesim, et ve kemik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılmasını amaçlamıştır. Denemede yavaş (YG) ve hızlı gelişen (HG) etlik piliçlerin dişileri ile tüy dökümü uygulanmamış 90 (EVD1) ile 122 haftalık (EVD2) ve tüy dökümü uygulanmış 122 haftalık yaşta (EVDT) Lohmann kahverengi yumurta tavukları kullanılmıştır. Kesim öncesi kanatlıların elektrik akımıyla bilinçsizleştirme işlemi sırasında vücut dirençleri belirlenmiştir. Vücut direnç değerleri 1063 Ω ile YG piliçlerde en yüksek ve 635 Ω ile HG piliçlerde en düşük olarak elde edilmiştir. Yumurta tavukları ile etlik piliçlerin göğüs ve but eti kalite özellikleri arasında önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Yumurtacı tavuk etlerinin daha mat, kırmızı ve sarı renkleri daha belirgin, su kayıpları ve kesme kuvvetinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, 90 ve 122 haftalık yumurta tavuklarında tibia ve femur kemik kalitesi etlik piliçlere göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Verim dönemini tamamlamış tavuk etlerinde saptanan göğüs ve but eti ile kemik özellikleri dikkate alındığında, bunların işlenmiş kanatlı et ürünlerinin üretiminde kullanılmasının daha uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of adding different ratios of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) extract (KHE) to layer hen rations on performance and egg internal-external quality parameters. In the study, 96 layer Atak-S hens at the age of 22 weeks were used. Chickens were divided into 4 groups, each consisting of six subgroups, and arranged in a way to have four chickens in each subgroup. The study was conducted over a period of 90 days. During the study, the control group was fed with basal feed, and the experimental groups were fed with feeds with 0.30%, 0.60% and 0.90% KHE added to the basal feed, respectively. Although there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of egg production (P>0.05), it was determined that the average egg production at the end of the study was numerically higher in the groups fed with KHE-containing feeds compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, live weight, egg yolk colour averages (P>0.05). In the study, it was determined that egg weight in the groups containing 0.90% KHE was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Egg shell thickness were also significantly increased in 0.30% and 0.60% KHE containing groups (P<0.05). It was concluded that dandelion extract has a positive effect on egg quality in laying hens and more studies should be done on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to determine the effects of two different cage systems (enriched and conventional) and low and high stocking densities on performance, egg quality and egg shell microorganisms. In study, two different genotypes were used to native (Atak-S) and foreign (Lohmann) hens occurred of 864 hens used. As the cage system, the battery type was used in the conventional system and the enriched cage type was used in the alternative system. The results indicated that genotype and cage system significantly affected egg production and egg mass in the laying period (18-76 weeks). It was determined that Lohmann genotype and conventional cages had significantly higher egg production and egg mass in this period. It was seen that hens consumed significantly higher feed in enriched cages than in conventional cages, and were significantly better feed conversion ratio in low stocking density compared to high stocking density. The effects of genotype and cages system on the quality characteristics of eggs were found to be significant, and it was determined quality characteristics of Lohmann eggs were better (especially eggshell quality. In addition, it was understood that the internal quality of the eggs in the conventional cages and the external quality characteristics of the eggs in the enriched system were positively affected. The total numbers of microorganisms were determined to be higher on shell of eggs from enriched cages than conventional cages. The total numbers of microorganisms were higher in enriched cage eggs compared to conventional cage eggs. However, stocking density was not a significant effect on the microbial load of the eggshell.

Spirulina platensis tek hücreli, fotosentetik bir mikroalg türüdür. Hem insan hem de hayvan tüketimi için protein ve fonksiyonel gıda katkı maddesidir. Yapısında keşfedilen değerli fitonütrientler ve pigmentler sayesinde sağlıklı beslenme, nutrasötik ve farmasötik alanda yoğun ilgi görmüştür. %5-6 toplam lipit oranının, %1,5-2 oranında çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri içeren (PUFAs) Spirulina, toplam PUFAs değerinin %36’sı kadar α-linoleik asit içermektedir. Ayrıca Linoleik Asit, Stearidonik Asit, Eikosapentaenoik Asit, Dodosaheksaenoik Asit, Araşidonik Asit gibi kıymetli yağ asitlerini de içermektedir. Bu çalışmada kahverengi yumurtacı tavuk (ATAK-S) yemlerine ilave edilen Spirulina ununun yumurta sarısı yağ asit kompozisyonu ve yumurta sarısı kolesterol seviyesine etkisi belirlenmiştir. 72 adet benzer canlı ağırlıkta 38 haftalık yumurtacı tavuk, her birinde 18 hayvan bulunacak şekilde 4 gruba rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Bireysel kafes sisteminde barındırılan tavuklar 8 hafta süreyle denemede tutulmuş ve %0 (Kontrol), %0,5, %1, %2 (%KM’ de) Spirulina unu içeren standart yumurtacı tavuk yemleriyle beslenmiştir. Deneme süresince 16:8 saatlik aydınlık:karanlık aydınlatma periyodu uygulanmıştır. Yem ve su ad libitum verilmiştir. Deneme sonucunda kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında, muamele grupları yumurta sarısı kolesterol miktarları arasındaki fark istatistiki açıdan önemsiz bulunmuştur. Yağ asidi komposizyonuna ilişkin elde edilen bulgulara göre rasyona ilave edilen Spirulina unu gruplar arasında linolenik asit miktarları üzerine etkili olmuştur.

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışma yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına farklı seviyelerde kaplamalı sodyum bütirat ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, 60 haftalık yaşta, toplam 72 adet yumurta tavuğu, 56 gün süreyle, kontrol ve sodyum bütiratın farklı seviyelerinin ilavesiyle (300, 600 ve 1200 mg/kg) oluşturulan rasyonlarla beslenmişlerdir. Çalışma 6 tekerrürlü olarak, 4 muamele grubunda yürütülmüştür. Deneme sonucunda muamele gruplarının, canlı ağırlık değişimi, yumurta verimi, yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirme katsayısı, yumurta ağırlığı ve yumurta kitlesi üzerine etkisi önemsiz olmuştur. Yumurta tavuğu rasyonlarına sodyum bütirat ilavesi, yumurta kabuk kırılma direnci, yumurta kabuk oranı ve kabuk kalınlığı, yumurta şekil indeksi, ak ve sarı indeksi, hasarlı yumurta oranı ile L*, a* ve b* yumurta sarısı renk kriterleri üzerine etkisi önemsiz olmuştur. Serum parametrelerinden kolesterol, HDL, albümin, Ca ve P düzeyleri bakımından muamele grupları arasında önemli bir fark olmaz iken serum globulin, total protein ve ürik asit seviyeleri bakımından görülen farklılıklar önemli olmuştur. Deneme sonuçlarına göre, 60 haftalık yaştaki yumurta tavuklarında performans ve yumurta kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde rasyona sodyum bütiratın ilavesine gerek olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Copyright of Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to determine an infectious bronchitis (IB) infection, caused by an Israel variant 2 (IS/1494/06)-like IBV, in a layer chicken flock regularly vaccinated with vaccines containing IBV H120 and 4/91 strains. Mild respiratory symptoms, drop in egg production and soft-shelled eggs and eventually death were observed in a layer chicken flock. Clinical samples from four diseased chickens were examined for the detection and genotyping of IBV by virus isolation, a commercial real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. Both Israel variant 2 (IS-Var2) and 793/B serotypes were detected from samples by rRT-PCR, but sequencing results of a 345 bp part of S1 gene revealed that our IBV isolate, HFT-IBV, was IS/1494/06 (IS-Var2)-like with the 97.7% genetic similarity. These results suggested that immunity against vaccination with a combination of different genotypes (H120 and 4/91) could not be protective for IS-Var2 IBV field infection. In addition, identification of genotypes from the clinical samples, such as swabs and organ samples by commercial rRT-PCR assays failed to find correct IBV genotype responsible for the IB infection, whereas analysis of nucleotide sequencing of S1 gene of IBV as a gold standard test undoubtedly detected causative genotype of the infection. Also, the findings indicated that there is an urgent need for consider genotype- or protectotype-match vaccination strategies in the field to prevent vaccine- and IB-dependent economic losses of the poultry sector and logically protect chickens from IBV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone problems are highly prevalent in laying hens. These problems affect the welfare, production and economic losses. Bone development begins in the embryonic period, and if the skeletal system develops well at that time, the subsequent production period can be affected positively. The present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of genotype on biomechanical parameters and composition of bone in the laying hen embryos. For this purpose, 360 fertilized eggs were obtained from two brown (Atak-S and Brown Nick) and two white (Atabey and Nick) layer breeders and incubated. Metatarsus, tibia and femur properties were examined on the embryonic d 19 and 21. Results showed that genotype played an important role in determining the biomechanical properties and mineral composition of the metatarsus, tibia and femur in the embryonic period. Examined bone characteristics improved with embryonic age. The least mineralization was observed in the metatarsus bone. In conclusion, bone properties were infleunced from the genotype. However, these differences were not related with laying hens being white or brown. The effect of the interaction between genotype and embryonic age on the bone properties should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) added to laying hen diets on performance, egg quality, serum lipid profile, some antioxidant enzymes and liver fat ratio. A total of 120 Lohman LSL hybrid laying hens at the age of 70 weeks was used in the study, divided into five groups (n=24) and each group was carried out with six replications. The first group was with basal feed (control), the second group was with high energy (3000 kcal kg-1) feed, and the 3rd, 4th and 5th groups were with feeds that added 5, 10 and 15 g kg-1 rosemary leaves, respectively, to high energy (HE) diet. It was fed for 8 weeks. At the beginning of experiment, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in initial body weight, feed conversion ratio and egg weight. At all treatment groups final body weight decreased except control group. Feed consumption and egg production decreased in the group that fed with high energy (HE) feed that was not added rosemary. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in albumen, yolk and shell weight, Haugh units, shape index and shell thickness (P>0.05). Although, the addition of rosemary to laying hen rations significantly increased yolk color and shell breaking strength. Serum GPx value was found to increase significantly with the addition of HE+15 g kg-1 rosemary leaf (P<0.001). It has been determined that the addition of rosemary to the feed decreases the plasma triglyceride and VLDL ratio. Liver weight was found to be high in HE+0 g kg-1 group (P<0.001). The liver fat rate was low in all groups that added rosemary leaves. As a result; it might be said that the addition of rosemary leaves to high energy laying hen diets positively affects shell breaking strength, yolk color, serum triglyceride value, VLDL ratio, liver weight, liver fat ratio and GPx enzyme activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına farklı seviyelerde Bor (orthoborik asit) ilavesinin bazı önemli yumurta sarısı parametreleri üzerine etkisini tespit etmek amacıyla yürütülen çalışmada, 62 haftalık 288 adet Lohman yumurtacı ticari hibrit 12 hafta boyunca 0, 50, 75 ve 150 mg/kg seviyelerde B içeren dört farklı rasyonla yemlenmişlerdir. Araştırma 18 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüş ve her bir tekerrürde 4 adet tavuk bulundurulmuştur. Araştırma boyunca 16 saat aydınlatma programı uygulanmış, yem ve su ad-libitum olarak verilmiştir. Yumurta sarısı lipid bileşenlerinden polarlipid, hidrokarbon+kolesterol esteri ve serbest yağ asidi oranları muameleden etkilenmemiştir. Toplam lipid içerisindeki triaçilgliserol oranı azalırken; total kolesterol, diaçilgliserol oranları ve yumurta sarısı lipid peroksidasyon düzeyleri artmıştır. Rasyona Bor (B) ilavesi yumurta sarısı protein profilinde, farklı moleküler ağırlıktaki proteinleri farklı seviyelerde etkilemiştir. Sonuç olarak, yumurtlamanın son döneminde bulunan tavukların rasyonlarına değişik miktarlarda B ilavesi yumurta sarısı lipid bileşimi ve protein miktarı ile lipid peroksidasyonunu önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Sonuç olarak, yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına farklı seviyelerde B ilavesinin bazı yumurta sarısı parametreleri üzerine etkisini açıklığa kavuşturmak için gelecekte konu ile ilgili daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.

In the study, the effects of the addition of vitamin E and organic selenium alone and in combination to some of the serum hormones; triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were investigated. In this study, 96 white Lohman hens aged 24 weeks were divided into 4 equal groups of six subgroups each. Groups were given basal feed (Control), basal feed + 250 mg / kg Vit-E (DI), basal feed + 0.9 mg / kg organic selenium (D-II) and basal feed + 250 mg / kg Vit-E + 0.9 mg / kg organic selenium (D-III) containing diets were fed for 12 weeks. Feed and water were provided as ad-libitum. At the end of the study, serum samples of each group were separated and T3, T4, TSH, FSH and LH levels were analyzed by Radio Immuno Assay (RIA). Serum T3, T4, TSH and FSH levels increased significantly compared to the control group (p <0.05), but LH levels were not affected. As a result, it was concluded that the addition of organic Se and Vit-E alone and in combination to the hen rations had a similar effect on the investigated parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of antibiotic, vitamin E and rosemary essential oils in various doses on some blood parameters, beneficial and harmful microorganisms in instentine jejunum microflora of lying hens. The experiment was conducted according to random parcel experiment design. A total of 240 Bovans genotype and 32 weeks aged were equally divided into 6 groups (8 hens in each group with 5 replicates). While the control group was fed with basal diet the treatment groups were supplemented with 500 mg/kg antibiotics; 200 mg/kg vitamin E; 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg REO to basal diet for 90 consecutive days. The result showed that there were no effects of all additions to basal diets on examined blood parameters. Antibiotic and all rosemary essential oils doses to basal diet affected the instentine jejunum bacteria content by decreasing probable coliforms, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Clostridium perfringens (Cl. perfringens) bacteria level significantly. While a 100 mg/kg rosemary essential oils dose was of the same influence with antibiotic (500 mg/kg) on all bacteria species, 200 and 300 mg/kg doses applications were more effective on E. coli compare to antibiotics. 300 mg/kg doses applications dose was more effective on probable faecal coliforms than antibiotics. As conclusion, the results shows the rosemary essential oils has the high antimicrobial effect on some pathogenic bacterias and could be used in laying hen for feed addition.

The increasing costs of conventional feedstuffs like corn, soybean meal and fish meal for poultry diets is pushing the need to find less expensive alternatives. Mulberry grows well in the tropics and subtropics, and is reported to have excellent nutritional value. Mulberry leaves are very rich in protein (15-35%), minerals (2.42-4.71% Ca, 0.23-0.97% P), 1130-2240 kcal/kg metabolic energy (ME). The amino acids composition of mulberry leaf meal indicates it is a good source of essential amino acids especially lysine (1.80%) and leucine (2.58%). In this paper, studies made on the mulberry leaf used in nutrition of poultries have been reviewed.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of variant doses of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils (REO), vitamin E (α‐tocopheryl acetate) and antibiotic (chlortetracyclin) on the concentration of vitamin E, fatty acid composition, cholesterol levels in the yolk. In this experiment, 32 weeks old Bovans genotype and 240 white laying hens were randomly separated to six treatment groups with five replicas. While the control group was fed with basal diet the treatment groups were supplemented with 500 mg/kg antibiotics; 200 mg/kg vitamin E; 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg REO to basal diet for 90 consecutive days. The results showed that addition of antibiotics, vitamin E and REO to the diet had no effects on egg cholesterol, while fatty acid composition and vitamin E contents of the yolk were significantly affected. Addition of 100 mg/kg REO to the diet increased total mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by increasing oleic acid level but decreased Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by decreasing linoleic acid content of the yolk. Addition of 200 mg/kg vitamin E to the diet significantly increased vitamin E content of egg. The study showed that the changes in yolk fatty acid composition and vitamin E content due to the feed additives, could affect positively in chemical composition of eggs. In conclusion, 100 mg/kg REO and 200 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation to the diet might cause high antioxidant capacity and could help to produce eggs that were more resistant to lipid oxidation.

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of rosemary essential oils in various doses on hen performance, egg quality, lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) level in fresh and stored egg yolk. The experiment was carried out in random parcel experimental design. In the experiment, 6 groups were formed and each group was divided into 5 replicates. In total 240 Bovans hite laying hens, each replicate included 8 hens, 32 weeks old, were used. Treatment groups were control (Negative Control), 500 mg//kg antibiotic (Positive Control 1), 200 mg/kg vitamin E (Positive Control 2), 100 mg/kg rosemary essential oil, 200 mg/kg rosemary essential oil, 300 mg/kg rosemary essential oil. There was no significant difference in live weight, egg production, egg weight, damaged egg ratio, mortality and egg quality but feed comsumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg yolk MDA values were affected significantly in between control and treatment groups. At all treatment groups feed comsumption decreased significantly and other groups improved in feed conversion ratio except 500 mg/kg antibiotic and 100 mg/kg rosemary doses groups compared to negative control significantly. 100 mg/kg rosemary essential oil addition during the storage time for 42 and 56 days and 200 mg/kg vitamin E addition for all storage time to ration decreased egg yolk MDA values significantly. As a result, laying birds fed 200 mg/kg vitamin E, and 100 mg/kg of rosemary essential oil additives can use to prevent lipid oxidation.

The poultry industry in the developing countries is facing some challenges, one of which is an increase in the cost of feed because of high prices of protein and energy sources. Moringa oleifera is a rich source of protein and crude fiber content. The crude protein (CP) content of Moringa ranges from 7.12 to 39.17%. Negligible content of tannins and other anti-nutritive compounds and offers an alternative source of protein to ruminants and non-ruminants. Although rich in nutrients such as protein and minerals, Moringa oleifera is one of those plants that have not been studied for many years. In addition, they are also faced with the problem of the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens due to unwise and excessive use of antibiotics. In this paper, feeding studies made on the Moringa oleifera used in nutrition of poultry and ruminant species have been reviewed.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (Vit-E, a-tocopherol acetate) and selenium (selenomethionine) and a combination of the two, on the selenium, copper, zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium levels in the serum, yolk and albumen of egg. Ninety-six white Lohman LSL laying hens were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=24). The groups were fed with the diets that consisted of basal diet (Control), basal diet + 250 mg / kg Vit-E (Trial- I), basal diet + 0.9 mg/kg Se (Trial-II) and basal diet + 250 mg/kg Vit-E + 0.9 mg/kg Se (Trial-III) respectively for 12 weeks. Diet and water were provided as ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, samples of the blood and egg were collected and stored at -20 °C until analyzes. In samples bioelements levels were analyzed by ICP-MS. As a result, the addition of organic selenium and Vit-E alone and in combination to laying hens rations were increased Se, Zn and Fe levels in serum, egg white and egg yolk, Cu levels decreased in serum and egg white, whereas in the egg yolk that the decrease in the group fed with rations supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg Se and the levels of Ca and Mg remained unaffected when the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, it is suggested that organic selenium and vitamin E be added alone and in combination to egg hen rations in order to increase egg quality and prolong shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of coriander oil supplementation at different levels into diets of laying hens on performance, egg quality traits, yolk thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values and some blood parameters. A total of 96 Lohmann white layers, 24 weeks of age, were used in this study as control and three treatment groups, each containing 24 hens. Control group (K-0) was fed with diet containing a standard commercial layer diet, other treatment groups were fed with diets containing basal diet plus 0.1% (KY-1), 0.3% (KY-2), 0.5% (KY-3) coriander oil, respectively. Experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Performance parameters such as feed intake, feed conversion rate and cracked egg rate were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05), but adding coriander oil into layer diets increased egg production and decreased egg weight compared with the control group (P<0.01). Dietary treatment did not affected egg quality traits (P>0.05). While coriander oil supplementation decreased serum cholesterol content, other serum parameters were not affected by dietary treatment (P>0.05). Yolk TBARS values were not differed among the treatment groups (P>0.05) during storage time (0, 7, 14 and 28 days). The storage time of eggs affected TBARS formation (P<0.01) and increased yolk TBARS values significantly in egg stored during 28 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to study the effect of steroid hormones on the morphology, growth and proliferation of endometrial cells of laying hens in vitro. Endometrial epithelial and stromal cells were isolated and cultured via type I collagenase digestion, which then were identified by using keratin CK18 or vimentin by immunohistochemistry and treated with steroid hormones, such as E2 and P4, and the growth curves in vitro evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that endometrial epithelial and stromal cells were successfully isolated and cultured, both of which began to enter the logarithmic phase of growth after 24 h and reached the plateau phase at 7 days after inoculation. Compared to control group, the endometrial epithelial cells were significantly proliferated (P<0.05) by treating with E2 (100 nmol/L) and P4 (100 nmol/L), however the stromal cells were only significantly proliferated (P<0.05) by treating with P4 (100 nmol/L). From these results we can suppose that steroid hormones could positively effect on the proliferation of endometrial cells of laying hens, which would contribute to explore a method to examine the most suitable conditions for endometrial culture in vitro and help to improve further studies on the physiological and functional characteristics of the uterus in the poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of four different levels (0, 100, 200, 300 ppm) of propionic acid supplementation into diets of laying hens on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters. The trial consisted of a total of 96, 28 wks old, Lohmann white layers were allocated randomly four experimental groups. During the study, each experimental group of six replicates of four birds was fed with four treatment diets. Results showed that supplementation of different levels propiyonic acid into layer diet linearly improved feed conversion ratio, and increased egg production. Egg quality traits such as shape index, albumen index, yolk index, shell strength, shell thickness, yolk color and Haugh unit were not affected by propiyonic acid supplementation into layer diet. Except for triglyceride, AST and P, other serum parameters such as cholesterol, glukoz, ALP, ALT and Ca did not affected by the propionic acid supplementation. Adding at different levels of propionic acid to diets of laying hens affected quadratically serum triglyceride, P and AST as cubically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increasing costs of conventional feedstuffs like corn, soybean meal and fish meal for poultry diets increased the need for cheaper alternatives. Babassu is a tall palm tree species found in Brazil. Babassu meal is high in protein (19.49-20.19%), minerals (1.20% Ca, 0.41% available P) and gross energy, 4553 kcal/kg. The amino acid profile of babassu meal indicates that it is a good source of amino acids especially arginine (2.34%), glycine+serine (1.75%) and phenylalanine+tyrosine (1.32%). In this review, the studies focused on possibilities of using babassu meal in poultry and ruminant rations were discussed.

The purposes of the present study were to determine whether healthy laying hens in Burdur province of Turkey carried extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli in their intestinal flora and to further characterize the E. coli isolates and ESBL genes. A total of 200 fecal samples from three laying hen farms were cultured in Brilliance E. coli / coliform Selective Agar supplemented with cefotaxime or ceftazidime. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates determined by phenotypic tests were screened by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for ESBL genes, and ESBL genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the E. coli isolates were performed by PCR. ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from 12 (6.0%) laying hen fecal samples by phenotypic tests. According to PCR screening and sequence analysis, blaCTX-M group 1 (blaCTX-M-3 or blaCTX-M-15) genes were detected in the E. coli isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the E. coli isolates showed that group D was the predominant group (58.3%) and none of the isolates belonged to group B2. Consequently, present study reports the first characterisation of CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 type ESBL-producing E. coli isolates on laying hen production from Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Turkey is one of the world's most important countries with egg production, total production is not at its current potential. The most effective way to increase total egg production is to increase productivity. In this study, egg production efficiency of rations formed by adding humate to laying hen’s basal diet at various ratios was analyzed using Gamma and McNally models. It was determined that humate added at 0.15% into diet of laying hens gives the maximum contribution to egg production. As a result, it is suggested that further investigations in different regions on different species and breed of poultry are needed to clarify the effect of humate supplemented into diets of laying hen on the egg production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was designed to examine the effect of sodium bentonite (SB) as mycotoxin binder in poultry feed and its effects on productions performance of laying hens. A total of forty-five production hens white leghorn aged 34 weeks were caged in a naturally aired laying house into five different groups. Group A was kept as control group, Group B was fed with higher level 170 ppb aflatoxin without binders, and Group C feed contained 170 ppb aflatoxin with 1.5% SB binder, Group D contained 170 ppb aflatoxin with 2% SB and Group E feed contained 170 ppb aflatoxin with 2.5% SB. Aflatoxin contamination adversely affected the egg production and feed consumption. Addition of 2% and 2.5% SB increased (P<0.05) in feed intake and egg productions. SB appears to be useful as toxin binding additive and counteracting the deleterious effects of aflatoxin. However there were no obvious effects observed among groups in respect to egg yolk and albumin content. Significant effect was observed among the groups for feed consumption, egg production, weight, shell weight and thickness and for FCR value. The addition of 2% SB showed better feed and protein utilizations leading an increased egg production and reduced eggs defects in layer hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine some quality parameters of retail brown and white-shelled grade A table eggs, which were produced by cage, free-range and organic systems. For this, a total of 30 eggs, 10 from each rearing system, and 15 from each shell color were purchased, and egg weight, shape index, shell thickness, shell strength, and yolk color as outer and inner quality parameters were determined. The heaviest eggs were from cage system (65.04 g), and shape index and shell strength were the highest in organic eggs (78.37% and 41.02 N/cm2), while shell thickness was the lowest in free-range eggs (0.40 mm), and yolk color was the lightest in organic and free-range eggs (10 and 10.40). Additionally, brown eggs had higher values than white eggs in all of the parameters tested. Statistical analyses revealed that rearing systems have effect on shell thickness; while shell color has effect on both shell thickness and shape index (p<0.05). In conclusion, contrary to the consumer prejudice, retail eggs from different rearing systems do not exhibit significant differences on some quality parameters tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary male and female Ferula eleaochytris root powder on performance characteristics and egg quality of white laying hens. Treatments were allocated to 5 dietary groups in which 0 (control), 5 g and 10 g female Ferula eleaochytris powder, 5 g and 10 g male Ferula eleaochytris powder doses per kg commercial laying hen diet. In total, 80 white laying hens (Super Nick) 32 week old in which 16 animals in each group were used in study. Egg yield and feed intake were monitored weekly for 8 weeks and egg quality was monitored at the midst and the end of study. The results of the study showed that male and female Ferula eleaochytris powder had no effect on performance characteristics and egg quality in laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted on 18 laying hens from Lohman Brown at 23 weeks of age. There were two research groups and one control group with six animals each. In the last four weeks of age, the animals were fed follows: Control group (Group C) complete diet; Group I diet containing zinc added via the biosorption process and; Group II: diet containing zinc as an organic chelate complex. The levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, iso-butyrate, butyrate, iso-valeriate and valeriate were determined. It was observed that using a diet with additives obtained via biosorption does not have a negative influence on fermentation processes in the hen's caecum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate different detection methods in determining Salmonella prevalence in layers of various rearing periods and to serotype, ribotype and antibiotype the isolates. For this, 174 drag swab samples taken from 58 commercial layer flocks of 15 25' and 40 week age were analyzed for Salmonella by ISO standard culture method (ISO 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007 - ISO) and by 2 real time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR) systems (Light Cycler SYBR Green I rPCR - LCSGIrPCR and DuPont BAX Q7 rPCR - BAXrPCR) Seventeen out of 58 (29.31%) flock samples, and 6 of the 15* and 25th weeks'(3.44% and 3.44%), and 10 (5.74%) of the 40* week's drag swab samples were Salmonella positive by all 3 methods.Twenty out of 22 Salmonella isolates (90.90%) were Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica including serovars of 9 Enter,tidis (SE) (40.996), 7 Infantis (SI) (31.8%), 1 Hadar (4.5%), 1 Montevideo (4.5%), 1 Colombo (4.596),! Spartel (4 596) and 2 subspecies (9.10%) as Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae and Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae. Also isolates showed resistance to 23 of 24 antibiotics, with the highest resistances to Ampicillin (100%), Neomycin (100%), Penicillin G (100%) and Erythromycin (95 45%) Results indicate that both LCSGIrPCR and BAXrPCR systems can be used to complement ISO method in rapid detection of Salmonella from layer chickens, and that there is high prevalence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in all rearing periods examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of boric acid (BA) (60 mg/kg of feed) and plant extract mixture (Fitococci, F) (0.75 g/kg of feed), individually or in combination, on egg production, egg quality parameters and blood cholesterol concentration of laying hens in 23 wk of age. After wk 7 of the trial the level of boric acid in feeds were increased to 180 mg/kg. The feeding period lasted 14 wk. One hundred ninety-two pullets (Hyline) were randomly divided into control and 3 treatment groups each containing 48 birds and 6 replicates (each with 8 birds). At the end of the experiment there were no significant effects of dietary boric acid and plant extract mixture inclusion on feed efficiency, egg weights and egg production, egg quality parameters (shell thickness, breaking strength, and shape index) compared with control. But feed intake of hens which were supplemented with plant extract mixture and boric acid were increased (P<0.01). It was also determined that there were no effects of treatments on blood cholesterol levels. As a result, since hens which were fed with basal diet plus plant extract mixture showed better feed conversion ratio at 9-10 wks, this combination of feed additives can be added to diets without any adverse effect on laying hens. But inclusion of 60 mg/kg boric acid is considered better than 180 mg/kg with regard to feed efficiency in laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae) infection is a cause of great economic loss in commercial egg layer hens. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of M. synoviae and to compare the characteristics of M, synoviae infected and free flocks of commercial layers. A total of 400 tracheal swabs and 400 blood serum samples were collected from 20 different layer flocks. Random Amplified Polymorfic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used for the molecular typing of M. synoviae isolates to determine the source of infection. M. synoviae was isolated from 89 tracheal swabs collected from 5 out of 20 flocks. The genetic similarity between field strains ranged from 53% to 100% as determined by RAPD analysis. All M. synoviae strains separated into 2 main-clusters in UPGMA dendogram. These results revealed that the 5 infected flocks were contaminated from 2 different sources. The egg production of positive flocks was statistically lower (P<0.05) than that of the pathogen free flocks. Infection was more frequent in multi-age farms and on sites with several houses. The mortality of infected flocks was higher than uninfected flocks, but this difference was not statistically significant. The mean weight of eggs and the average live weight of hens were similar in free and infected flocks. In conclusion, M. synoviae infection significantly decreased egg production in layer hens and was more frequent in multiage farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the determination of Escherichia coli O157 prevalence in different poultry originated materials was aimed. For this purpose, 400 meat samples and 400 intestinal contents of Broilers grown in Kayseri, 400 stool samples of laying hens and 80 swap samples taken from various poultry processing units (boiling tank water, walls and removing unit of intestinal organs) were evaluated in this study. The materials were taken between March 2010 and February 2011 with three month intervals (each season). The isolation period was formed in phases including pre-enrichment of E.coli broth with novobiocin (20mg/L), immunomagnetic separation, and seeding on SMAC (MacConkey with sorbitol) and CHROM agar. Considering the colonies appeared on SMAC and CHROM agar, 116 of 1280 samples were found to be E.coli O157 positive. The 334 colonies taken from 116 samples were investigated with phenotypic tests for E.coli and all of them were confirmed as E.coli. These isolates were subjected to latex agglutination test for E.coli O157 and in total 8 samples, 2 broiler stools and 6 poultry processing samples, were found positive. These 8 suspicious E.coli O157 strains were found E.coli O157 negative by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The results showed that poultry and their poultry meat samples collected in this study did not carry E.coli O157 in Kayseri and the investigation of greater number of poultry originated samples from different locations for E.coli O157 is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, effects of boron supplementation to layer diet containing different levels of calcium and phosphorus on mineral levels of egg were investigated. The experiment was lasted for 20 wk period using 576 laying hens of commercial white strain (Nick chick) at 46 weeks of age. Two dietary calcium and phosphorus levels (standard and low) and three supplemental boron levels (0, 75 and 150 ppm) were the variables in the present study. Consequently, 2×3 factorial arrangement was designed. As the supplemental boron dose was elevated, boron level in edible portion of egg was increased. The supplementation diet with 150 ppm boron induced a 2.5 fold increase in the boron content of edible egg portion compared with the unsupplemented group. Dietary Ca and P deficiency significantly increased boron in the egg shell. Decreasing the level of feed Ca-P resulted increase in boron accumulation in the eggshell and decreased the retention of Ca and P in the edible egg portion. Boron supplementation to Ca-P deficient diets increased Ca and P level in the edible egg portion, and comparable to that of standard Ca-P diets. Ash levels and Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu contents of the egg shell and edible egg parts were not influenced by diet Ca and P level or boron supplementation (P>0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dietary boric acid (BA) supplementation on feed consumption, feed efficiency, egg production, egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, and some serum parameters (Ca, P, and Mg) were examined in 100 layer hens at 60 weeks of age. Commercial corn-soy-based layer diets were formulated as basal diets for the control treatment. Basal diets were supplemented with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BA (H3BO3), respectively, in experimental groups I, II, and III. In total, 4 dietary treatments were employed in the experiment. The experiment lasted 75 days. Feed efficiency and egg production values were not affected significantly by dietary treatments during the experiment (P > 0.05). However, layer hens that received diets supplemented with BA had better feed consumption, egg weight, percentage of cracked eggs, and egg shell quality (eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength) than the control group. Additionally, serum Mg levels were significantly (P < 0.01) increased by BA supplementation. It was concluded that dietary boron supplementation has positive effects on mineral balance, and therefore reduces the percentage of cracked eggs by improving eggshell thickness and egg shell breaking strength in aged laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]