Search

Background: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a popular biomarker for subsequent monitoring the recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), several studies have investigated the ability of FISH to detect recurrence in the surveillance of NMIBC. However, the results were inconsistent. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search extensively on authenticated databases including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis was performed to find out the sensitivity and specificity of FISH in predicting recurrence of NMIBC. Results: 15 studies were ultimately included in this meta-analysis, a total of 2941 FISH evaluations from 2385 NMIBC patients were available. The pooled sensitivity of FISH was 68% (95% CI: 0.58–0.76), and the pooled specificity was 64% (95% CI: 0.53–0.74). Subgroup analyses were performed in 7 studies without Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) treatment, the pooled sensitivity was 82% (95% CI: 0.68–0.90), and the pooled specificity was 63% (95% CI: 0.37–0.82). And in 9 studies using "UroVysion standard" to define positive FISH results showed a pooled sensitivity of 60% (95% CI: 0.50–0.70) and specificity of 70% (95% CI: 0.61–0.78). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that FISH has a satisfactory sensitivity (68%) and specificity (64%) and could be a potential biomarker in the surveillance of NMIBC. Moreover, BCG treatment and different FISH methods may have an impact on the sensitivity and specificity, these factors should be taken into account when making clinical strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Symmetrical dimethylamino substituted bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN) exhibit significant solvatochromism and intramolecular charge transfer properties. • The introduction of a central benzene ring is one of the effective methods to improve the intensity of intramolecular charge transfer in excited state. • The fluorescence emission of DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN can be quenched and restored by trifluoroacetic acid and triethylamine, which has potential applications in proton detection and data encryption. D-A molecules find extensive use in intelligent stimulus–response systems due to their exceptional attributes, including high sensitivity, rapid response, wide compatibility, and structural adaptability. The strength of Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of these devices. To enhance the ICT strength and explore new applications for D-A molecules, we meticulously designed a pair of symmetric dimethylamino-substituted bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN). These symmetric D-A-A-D molecules, with strong electron donor terminals, displayed a modest redshift of less than 25 nm in the UV–vis absorption spectra. However, there was a significant redshift in the emission spectra (140 nm for DMAOXD and 170 nm for DMAOXDBEN) when transitioning from cyclohexane to dimethyl sulfoxide, indicating a pronounced ICT characteristic. Theoretical calculations support the idea that the dimethylaminophenyl unit serves as an electron donor in both DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN, while the 1,3,4-oxadiazole and central benzene ring act as acceptors. The pronounced ICT characteristic observed in DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN can be attributed to long-distance electron transfer. Additionally, it's noteworthy that the emission of DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN solution samples can be quenched by adding trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and restored by the addition of triethylamine (TEA). Inspired by this, a pattern created with ink samples containing DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN can be concealed through fumigation with TFA and subsequently revealed by treating them with TEA, suggesting their potential use in data encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondromalacia patellae (CMP), also known as runner's knee, typically occurs in young patients, which is characterized by anterior knee pain (AKP) that is associated with visible changes in patellar cartilage. The initial pathological changes include cartilage softening, swelling, and edema. CMP is caused by several factors, including trauma, increased cartilage vulnerability, patellofemoral instability, bony anatomic variations, abnormal patellar kinematics, and occupation hazards. CMP may be reversible or may progress to develop patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Quadriceps wasting, patellofemoral crepitus, and effusion are obvious clinical indications. Additionally, radiological examinations are also necessary for diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic method, which holds a promise in having the unique ability to potentially identify cartilage lesions. Modalities are conventionally proposed to treat cartilage lesions in the PF joint, but none have emerged as a gold standard, neither to alleviated symptoms and function nor to prevent OA degeneration. Recently, researchers have been focused on cartilage-targeted therapy. Various efforts including cell therapy and tissue emerge for cartilage regeneration exhibit as the promising regime, especially in the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Intra-articular injections of variously sourced MSC are found safe and beneficial for treating CMP with improved clinical parameters, less invasiveness, symptomatic relief, and reduced inflammation. The mechanism of MSC injection remains further clinical investigation and is tremendously promising for CMP treatment. In this short review, etiology, MRI diagnosis, and treatment in CMP, especially the treatment of the cell-based therapies, are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested potential synergies of combining poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and novel hormonal therapies (NHT) for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We systematically searched PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and ASCO-GU annual meeting abstracts up to March 2023 to identify potential phase III trials reporting the use of combining PARP inhibitors with NHT in the first-line setting for mCRPC. A total of four phase III trials met the criteria for subsequent review. Emerging data suggested that the radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) was significantly longer in the PARP inhibitor combined with NHT group versus the placebo plus NHT group for the first-line setting of biomarker-unselected mCRPC patients, especially for patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutation (HRR m), and with the greatest benefit for BRCA1/2 mutation (BRCA1/2 m) populations. Final overall survival (OS) data of the PROpel trial indicated a significant improvement in median OS for mCRPC patients with HRR m and BRCA1/2 m receiving olaparib + abiraterone. Prior taxane-based chemotherapy might not influence the efficacy of the combination. Compared with the current standard-of-care therapies, combining NHT with PARP inhibitors could achieve a significant survival benefit in the first-line setting for mCRPC patients with HRR and BRCA1/2 mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmonic modulation of the catalytic performances of metallic nanostructures shows great potential in the development of novel materials for catalysis. In addition to the challenges of devising new catalysts with high activity while maintaining controllable plasmonic properties, the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of the activity by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are still under exploration. Here, we design a Pd-Au bimetallic hetero structure and use the well-defined SPR property of the core Au NPs to tune its surface electro catalytic activity. The hot electrons are transferred into the Pd nanopetals from the Au core with visible-light irradiation, resulting in an enhancement of the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol on Au concurrent with an inhibition on Pd. The anti-poisoning and stability of the as-prepared heterostructures is also enhanced by visible-light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging single-atom field spans single-atom catalysis in chemistry and single-atom manipulation in physics up to the state-of-the-art characterization via imaging and spectroscopy. These interdisciplinary progresses have been interacted closely with the development of materials science, underscoring the principle that the single atom excels as the smallest functional material. This simple concept not only permits to reinvent our understanding of the nature of materials, but also promises unambiguously to have a great impact on other physical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report density functional studies of electron rich interfaces between KTaO3 or KNbO3 and CaSnO3 or ZnSnO3 and in particular the nature of the interfacial electron gasses that can be formed. We find that depending on the details these may occur on either the transition metal or stannate sides of the interface and in the later case can be shifted away from the interface by ferroelectricity. We also present calculations for bulk KNbO3, KTaO3, CaSnO3, BaSnO3 and ZnSnO3, showing the different transport and optical properties that may be expected on the two sides of such interfaces. The results suggest that these interfaces may display a wide range of behaviors depending on conditions, and in particular the interplay with ferroelectricity suggests that electrical control of these properties may be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indium tin oxide (ITO) film, which is the most commonly used transparent conductive film (TCF), has traditionally been believed to be transparent in the visible spectrum but to reflect infrared (IR) light beyond the plasma wavelength (λp). However, our theoretical analysis challenges this notion by demonstrating that an ultrathin ITO TCF that is thinner than the light's penetration depth can overcome the transmission barrier at λp. To validate the theoretical modeling, we have successfully fabricated ultrathin ITO films that, despite having λp ≈ 1 μm, remain transparent from 400 nm to 20 μm. This represents the broadest transparency range ever reported for any In2O3-based TCF. The 10-nm-thick ITO TCFs have high visible transmittance (91.0% at 550 nm), low resistivity (5 × 10−4 Ω cm), and good IR transmittance (averaging 60% over 1.35–18.35 μm). Their IR transparency facilitates radiative cooling of the underlying circuitry. When an operational resistor is enclosed by commercial ITO TCFs that are 140 nm thick, its temperature increases. However, using 10-nm-thick ITO TCFs instead of the commercial ones can completely avoid this temperature rise. Moreover, attaching a silver grid to a 10-nm-thick ITO TCF can reduce the effective sheet resistance to ∼10 Ω/□ at the expense of only ∼3% transmittance. This development paves the way for large-scale applications that require low sheet resistance and far-IR transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: All the synthesis routes and surfaced-modified strategy of MXene-derived quantum dots (MQDs), the synthesis of MQDs-based nanocomposites, and advanced characterization techniques of MQDs are fully covered. Catalytic application is classified and discussed by judging the roles of MQDs. Current challenge and prospect are proposed for promoting the development and catalytic application of MQDs.It is well known that two-dimensional (2D) MXene-derived quantum dots (MQDs) inherit the excellent physicochemical properties of the parental MXenes, as a Chinese proverb says, “Indigo blue is extracted from the indigo plant, but is bluer than the plant it comes from.” Therefore, 0D QDs harvest larger surface-to-volume ratio, outstanding optical properties, and vigorous quantum confinement effect. Currently, MQDs trigger enormous research enthusiasm as an emerging star of functional materials applied to physics, chemistry, biology, energy conversion, and storage. Since the surface properties of small-sized MQDs include the type of surface functional groups, the functionalized surface directly determines their performance. As the Nobel Laureate Wolfgang Pauli says, “God made the bulk, but the surface was invented by the devil,” and it is just on the basis of the abundant surface functional groups, there is lots of space to be thereof excavated from MQDs. We are witnessing such excellence and even more promising to be expected. Nowadays, MQDs have been widely applied to catalysis, whereas the related reviews are rarely reported. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of MQDs in catalysis over the past five years, ranging from the origin and development of MQDs, synthetic routes of MQDs, and functionalized MQDs to advanced characterization techniques. To explore the diversity of catalytic application and perspectives of MQDs, our review will stimulate more efforts toward the synthesis of optimal MQDs and thereof designing high-performance MQDs-based catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The polycrystalline Ti/TiN x multilayer films were deposited by magnetron sputtering, and the as-deposited multilayer coatings were annealed at 500–800°C for 2–4h in vacuum. We investigated the effects of annealing temperature and annealing time on the microstructural, interfacial, and mechanical properties of the polycrystalline Ti/TiN x multilayer films. It was found that the hardness increased with annealing temperature. This hardness enhancement was probably caused by the preferred crystalline orientation TiN(111). The X-ray reflectivity measurements showed that the layer structure of the coatings could be maintained after annealing at 500°C and the addition of the Si3N4 interlayer to Ti/TiN x multilayer could improve the thermal stability to 800°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We observed a very unusual crystallization behavior in Nylon 6 by X-ray diffraction. The melted Nylon 6 films were quenched in oil baths with different temperatures for isothermal crystallization. When the Nylon 6 films were isothermally crystallized above 180 °C for 30 min and then quenched in ice water, three sharp diffraction peaks at 2θ =9.4, 18.95 and 28.5° were observed in X-ray diffraction patterns. No diffraction peaks could be found at 2θ =9.4, 18.95 and 28.5° from a series of calculated 2θ values for the α, γ, β and pleated α form crystals of Nylon 6. The locations of these peaks do not correspond with calculated 2θ values. When the film was slowly cooled from the melt state to 180 °C and was maintained at 180 °C for 30 min and then quenched to 0 °C, it could be found that these three reflections disappeared. If the Nylon 6 film isothermally crystallized at 180 °C for 30 min was not quenched to room temperature, but cooled to room temperature in air, these three diffraction peaks could not be observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Measurements of electron spin resonance (ESR) of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO) in the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases were carried out. Phase transition and temperature dependence of the peak-to-peak ESR linewidth were determined. The transition temperature between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases was observed at 265K. A prominent increase of the peak-to-peak linewidth with decreasing temperature below T c was observed. Using the dynamic scale theory and block spin transformation in critical phenomenon, the quantitative calculation of peak-to-peak linewidth at near T c was made, which was in good agreement with the experimental data. It was believed that the long interactions between the ferromagnetic microregions for LCMO played a key role in determining the ESR linewidth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper reviews the recent development of nano-multilayers and nanocomposite coatings. The hardening mechanisms and design of hard coating are discussed in details. Recent research on Ti/TiN and nitride/nitride multilayer, Ti-Si-N and Ti-Al-Si-N nanocomposite coatings is described, and the perspectives of the related research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of nitrogen-implantation on electron field emission properties of amorphous carbon films has been examined. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal different types of C–N bonds formed upon nitrogen-implantation. The threshold field is lowered from 14 to 4 V/μm with increasing the dose of implantation from 0 to 5 × 1017 cm-2 and the corresponding effective work function is estimated to be in the range of 0.01–0.1 eV. From the perspective of tetrahedron bond formation, a mechanism for the nitrogen-lowered work function is proposed, suggesting that both the nitrogen nonbonding (lone pair) and the lone-pair-induced carbon antiboding (dipole) states are responsible for lowering the work function and hence the threshold field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Fe–N thin films were deposited on glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering at different Ar/N2 discharges (N2 fraction of 30, 10, and 5%, respectively). The composition of the films was analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for analyzing the structure and the universality classes. Films deposited at different nitrogen pressures exhibited different structures with different nitrogen contents. The FeN, ϵ-Fe3N, FeN0.056 were detected in iron nitride films which deposited at N2 fractions of 30, 10, and 5%, respectively. The exponents for all of them are in agreement with KPZ universality classes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new generation: A new fabrication strategy has been designed that features an inside–outside exsolution process, by means of tuning chemical composition, electrochemical processes, or stress engineering. This strategy offers unlimited opportunities for the development of new‐generation catalysts, as well as other functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries (AAIBs), the insertion/extraction chemistry of Al3+ often leads to poor kinetics, whereas the rapid diffusion kinetics of hydronium ions (H3O+) may offer the solution. However, the presence of considerable Al3+ in the electrolyte hinders the insertion reaction of H3O+. Herein, we report how oxygen‐deficient α‐MoO3 nanosheets unlock selective H3O+ insertion in a mild aluminum‐ion electrolyte. The abundant oxygen defects impede the insertion of Al3+ due to excessively strong adsorption, while allowing H3O+ to be inserted/diffused through the Grotthuss proton conduction mechanism. This research advances our understanding of the mechanism behind selective H3O+ insertion in mild electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decreasing perovskite nanocrystal size increases radiative recombination due to the quantum confinement effect, but also increases the Auger recombination rate which leads to carrier imbalance in the emitting layers of electroluminescent devices. Here, we overcome this trade‐off by increasing the exciton effective mass without affecting the size, which is realized through the trace Cd2+ doping of formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals. We observe an ~2.7 times increase in the exciton binding energy benefiting from a slight distortion of the [BX6]4− octahedra caused by doping in the case of that the Auger recombination rate is almost unchanged. As a result, bright color‐saturated green emitting perovskite nanocrystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 96 % are obtained. Cd2+ doping also shifts up the energy levels of the nanocrystals, relative to the Fermi level so that heavily n‐doped emitters convert into only slightly n‐doped ones; this boosts the charge injection efficiency of the corresponding light‐emitting diodes. The light‐emitting devices based on those nanocrystals reached a high external quantum efficiency of 29.4 % corresponding to a current efficiency of 123 cd A−1, and showed dramatically improved device lifetime, with a narrow bandwidth of 22 nm and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.20, 0.76) for color‐saturated green emission for the electroluminescence peak centered at 534 nm, thus being fully compliant with the latest standard for wide color gamut displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries (AAIBs), the insertion/extraction chemistry of Al3+ often leads to poor kinetics, whereas the rapid diffusion kinetics of hydronium ions (H3O+) may offer the solution. However, the presence of considerable Al3+ in the electrolyte hinders the insertion reaction of H3O+. Herein, we report how oxygen‐deficient α‐MoO3 nanosheets unlock selective H3O+ insertion in a mild aluminum‐ion electrolyte. The abundant oxygen defects impede the insertion of Al3+ due to excessively strong adsorption, while allowing H3O+ to be inserted/diffused through the Grotthuss proton conduction mechanism. This research advances our understanding of the mechanism behind selective H3O+ insertion in mild electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decreasing perovskite nanocrystal size increases radiative recombination due to the quantum confinement effect, but also increases the Auger recombination rate which leads to carrier imbalance in the emitting layers of electroluminescent devices. Here, we overcome this trade‐off by increasing the exciton effective mass without affecting the size, which is realized through the trace Cd2+ doping of formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals. We observe an ~2.7 times increase in the exciton binding energy benefiting from a slight distortion of the [BX6]4− octahedra caused by doping in the case of that the Auger recombination rate is almost unchanged. As a result, bright color‐saturated green emitting perovskite nanocrystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 96 % are obtained. Cd2+ doping also shifts up the energy levels of the nanocrystals, relative to the Fermi level so that heavily n‐doped emitters convert into only slightly n‐doped ones; this boosts the charge injection efficiency of the corresponding light‐emitting diodes. The light‐emitting devices based on those nanocrystals reached a high external quantum efficiency of 29.4 % corresponding to a current efficiency of 123 cd A−1, and showed dramatically improved device lifetime, with a narrow bandwidth of 22 nm and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.20, 0.76) for color‐saturated green emission for the electroluminescence peak centered at 534 nm, thus being fully compliant with the latest standard for wide color gamut displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing effective strategy to passivate surface defects in quantum dots (QDs) is critical to achieving high‐efficiency and long‐life perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, the supramolecular interaction underpinning of organic‐inorganic components is exploited and a facile method is proposed to generate multiple‐hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular‐perovskite crystal structures on QD surfaces by introducing O‐Tolylbiguanide (O‐Tg) during QD synthesis, enabling bright, conductive, and water‐resistant CsPbI3 QDs. Compared with commonly used oleic acid and oleylamine ligands, the biguanide functional group in O‐Tg not only forms multiple hydrogen bond interactions with lead halide octahedra passivating both bridging‐ and terminal‐halogen ion defects, but also compatibly occupies the A‐site position stabilizing the crystal structure simultaneously. With fewer nonradiative defects and introduced hydrophobic benzene rings preventing eroding of polar molecules, CsPbI3 QDs exhibit remarkable photoluminescence quantum yields of 96%, and their film can be submerged in water for 30 h without degrading. The corresponding LEDs display a high external quantum efficiency (21.2%) and offer superior operational stability with a lifetime (T90) of 25 h at a constant current density as high as 50 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrooxidation of urea holds great potential for converting urea from wastewater into hydrogen, contributing to environmental protection and sustainable energy production. This necessitates the development of highly efficient and stable catalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). In this study, a NiCoCr‐LDH/NF (nickel‐cobalt‐chromium layered double hydroxide/nickel foam) electrode is successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method, demonstrating excellent electrocatalytic performance with a low work potential of 1.38 V at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2. In situ, Raman spectra analysis revealed that the incorporation of chromium (Cr) facilitated the generation of active γ‐NiOOH species and catalyst reconstruction. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations confirmed that the lower formation energy of γ‐NiOOH is due to the weakened interaction of O─H bonds because of a narrow energy range of hybridization between O‐2pz orbitals and H‐1s orbitals. The introduction of Cr also improved the adsorption energy of urea molecules and its intermediates, thereby enhancing the overall activity of UOR. With its excellent electrocatalytic performance, unique electronic states, and coordination structures, the NiCoCr‐LDH/NF electrode showcases great potential for practical applications in the field of energy catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zero‐dimensional lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit size‐dependent bandgap and carrier confinement compared to bulk counterparts due to the quantum confinement effect, making them essential for achieving wide‐color‐gamut displays, studying excitonic spin relaxation, and constructing superlattices. Despite their promising potential, they face a variety of technical bottlenecks, such as insufficient color reproducibility, limited large‐scale production, low stability, and toxicity. An outline of a research roadmap is provided in the review, which highlights key challenges in developing perovskite NCs for commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic diagram representation the introduction of selenium and iron synergistically modulate the d-band center of Ni 3 S 2 to enhance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR). [Display omitted] • The introduction of selenium and iron synergistically modulated the d-band center of Ni 3 S 2 , resulting in the enhanced catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR). • By adjusting the position of the d-band center, it is possible to optimize the adsorption and desorption energies of SeFe-Ni 3 S 2 towards urea molecules, as well as the overpotential for OER (η OER) and the limiting potential for UOR (U L). • The synthesized SeFe-Ni 3 S 2 presents as 3.9 nm lamellar structure with a larger specific surface area leading to the exposure of more active sites. Efficient production of green hydrogen energy is crucial in addressing the energy crisis and environmental concerns. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) poses a challenge in conventional overall water electrolysis due to its slow thermodynamically process. Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers an alternative anodic oxidation method that is highly efficient and cost-effective, with favorable thermodynamics and sustainability. Recently, there has been limited research on bifunctional catalysts that exhibit excellent activity for both OER and UOR reactions. In this study, we developed a selenium and iron co-doped nickel sulfide (SeFe-Ni 3 S 2) catalyst that demonstrated excellent Tafel slopes of 53.9 mV dec−1 and 16.4 mV dec−1 for OER and UOR, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the introduction of metal (iron) and nonmetallic elements (selenium) was found to coordinate the d-band center, resulting in improved adsorption/desorption energies of the catalysts and reduced the overpotentials and limiting potentials for OER and UOR, respectively. This activity enhancement can be attributed to the altered electronic coordination structure after the introduction of selenium (Se) and iron (Fe), leading to an increase in the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. This work offers a new strategy for bifunctional catalysts for OER and UOR, presenting new possibilities for the future development of hydrogen production and novel energy conversion technologies. It contributes towards the urgent search for technologies that efficiently produce green hydrogen energy, providing potential solutions to mitigate the energy crisis and protect the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) conducting composites were prepared with a percolation threshold as low as 0.07 wt%. The MWCNTs in a PVDF solution can lead to the formation of spherical PVDF/MWCNT composite particles by sonication. The MWCNTs coated on the surfaces of the spherical particles form a conduction network when the spheres coalesce to form a solid composite. The existence of the spherical particles with a substructure results in the reduction in MWCNT content and improves the electrical conductivity of the composites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Metal-trihalide perovskite quantum dots combine the unique semiconducting properties of bulk perovskites with the controllable exciton dynamics benefiting from the quantum confinement effect. Composition- and size-adjustable electronic and optical properties of perovskites convert into a variety of applications. Here, we start from a brief introduction to perovskite quantum dots, followed by a detailed description of the synthesis methods and surface modification/passivation strategies of these nano-sized particles. Then, we review the applications of perovskite quantum dots including light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, catalysis, sensing, bioimaging, and lasers. Finally, we develop outlooks for promising futures toward the commercial application of perovskite quantum dots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To summarize and indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of different second-line systematic therapies after first-line androgen-receptor targeting therapies (ARTs) for biomarker-unselected metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Studies published in English up to May 2023 were identified in PubMed, Web of Science and ASCO-GU 2023. Studies accessing the efficacy and safety of second-line systematic therapies after first-line ARTs for biomarker-unselected mCRPC patients were eligible for current systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). Thirty-two studies with 5388 patients and 10 unique treatment modalities met our inclusion criteria. Current evidence suggested that docetaxel (DOC) combined with the same ART as first-line (ART1) (ART1 + DOC) were associated with significantly improved PSA response, PSA progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical or radiographic PFS (rPFS) compared with other reported second-line systematic therapies, including DOC. An increase in toxicity was observed with ART1 + DOC. Our NMA indicated that DOC monotherapy was only inferior to ART1 + DOC in improvement disease outcomes. The incidence of toxicity between patients received second-line DOC and an alternative ART (ART2) was similar. The available evidence reviewed in our work suggested a clinical benefit of DOC nomotherapy and DOC plus ART1 as the second-line systematic therapy for biomarker-unselected mCRPC patients progressed on a first-line ART. More studies and RCTs are needed to evaluate the optimal second-line treatments for mCRPC patients with one prior first-line ART. [Display omitted] • DOC and DOC + ART1 seems to be most beneficial for clinical benefit. • More studies and RCTs are needed to evaluate the optimal second-line treatments patients received DOC+ART1 had an increased incidence of grade ≥ 3 AEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The micro-pore structure of TA-BGY with doped N on the edge of hole leads to the high storage of K ions and thus high capacity as the anode of K ions batteries. [Display omitted] • With the K-loading, TA-BGY becomes to be conductor with good conductivity. • TA-BGY has low diffusion barrier of 0.48 eV and low open circuit voltage less than 0.6 V. • TA-BGY has a high capacity up to 796 mA h g−1 with volume expansion about 15 % and it is thermodynamically stable under high K loading. • With the analysis of Bader charge and charge density difference, N atoms have a strong adsorption effect on K ions. The exploration of anode materials is important for the development of K-ion batteries (KIBs) as the promising alternative of Li-ion batteries. The large ionic radius of K ions greatly constrains the selection of anode materials. We propose the pores with appropriate size in structure can promote the storage of K ions. In this work, we studied the potential of layered carbon with pores as the anode of KIBs with TA-BGY as structural model by combining the first-principles calculations and molecular dynamical (MD) simulations. It is found that the doped N with lone electron pair can promote the adsorption of K ions at the edge of pore. The theoretical capacity of K can reach 796 mAh/g and the open circuit voltage is just 0.6 V. In addition, this structure has the low diffusion barrier of 0.48 eV and high structural stability under high K loading. We posit that N-doped layered carbon TA-BGY, featuring pores, holds the potential to serve as an exceptional anode material for KIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful atom-by-atom controlling over surface and subsurface termination in a series of Fe−Pt intermetallic catalysts, via regulating the order degree of Fe/Pt, enables finely tuning their hydrogen evolution performance and thereof harvesting the superior hydrogen production with merits of a unique Fe/Pt coordination and oxidation-resistant Pt-rich surface. [Display omitted] Controlling the atomic arrangement of elemental atoms in intermetallic catalysts to govern their surface and subsurface properties is a crucial but challenging endeavor in electrocatalytic reactions. In hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), adjusting the d-band center of the conventional noble-metallic Pt by introducing Fe enables the optimization of catalytic performance. However, a notable gap exists in research on the effective transition from disordered Fe/Pt alloys to highly ordered intermetallic compounds (IMCs) such as FePt 3 in the alkaline HER, hampering their broader application. In this study, a series of catalysts FePt 3 - x H (x = 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized via a simple impregnation method, along with a range of heat treatment processes, including annealing in a reductive atmosphere, to regulate the order degree of the arrangement of Fe/Pt atoms within the FePt 3 catalyst. By using advanced microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, we systematically explored the impact of the order degree of FePt 3 in the HER. The as-prepared FePt 3 -8H exhibited notable HER catalytic activity with low overpotentials (η = 37 mV in 1.0 mol L−1 KOH) at j = 10 mA cm−2. The surface of the L1 2 FePt 3 -8H catalyst was demonstrated to be Pt-rich. The Pt on the surface was not easily oxidized due to the unique Fe/Pt coordination, resulting in significant enhancement of HER performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal single‐atom catalysts represent one of the most promising non‐noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, they still suffer from insufficient activity and, particularly, durability for practical applications. Leveraging density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML), we unravel an unexpected collective effect between FeN4OH sites, CeN4OH motifs, Fe nanoparticles (NPs), and Fe−CeO2 NPs. The collective effect comprises differently‐weighted electronic and geometric interactions, whitch results in significantly enhanced ORR activity for FeN4OH active sites with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.948 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) in alkaline, relative to a commercial Pt/C (E1/2, 0.851 VRHE). Meanwhile, this collective effect endows the shortened Fe−N bonds and the remarkable durability with negligible activity loss after 50,000 potential cycles. The ML was used to understand the intricate geometric and electronic interactions in collective effect and reveal the intrinsic descriptors to account for the enhanced ORR performance. The universality of collective effect was demonstrated effective for the Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Mn‐based multicomponent ensembles. These results confirm the importance of collective effect to simultaneously improve catalytic activity and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal single‐atom catalysts represent one of the most promising non‐noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, they still suffer from insufficient activity and, particularly, durability for practical applications. Leveraging density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML), we unravel an unexpected collective effect between FeN4OH sites, CeN4OH motifs, Fe nanoparticles (NPs), and Fe−CeO2 NPs. The collective effect comprises differently‐weighted electronic and geometric interactions, whitch results in significantly enhanced ORR activity for FeN4OH active sites with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.948 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) in alkaline, relative to a commercial Pt/C (E1/2, 0.851 VRHE). Meanwhile, this collective effect endows the shortened Fe−N bonds and the remarkable durability with negligible activity loss after 50,000 potential cycles. The ML was used to understand the intricate geometric and electronic interactions in collective effect and reveal the intrinsic descriptors to account for the enhanced ORR performance. The universality of collective effect was demonstrated effective for the Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Mn‐based multicomponent ensembles. These results confirm the importance of collective effect to simultaneously improve catalytic activity and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPls) have recently joined a rich family of 2D semiconductor nanomaterials. Quantum and dielectric confinement in these nanostructures endow them with useful optical properties, which include, but are not limited to, high linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients, narrow and tunable emission bands, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. These characteristics render perovskite NPls promising for applications in lighting, photodetection, nonlinear optics, and photocatalysis. Doping is a universal approach for tuning optical and electronic properties of semiconductor materials, and the B‐site doping of perovskite NPls allows the further improvement and adjustment on demand of the above‐mentioned optical properties and may result in the appearance of fundamentally new behavior through embedding optically active dopants. In this mini‐review, the basic knowledge about perovskite NPls is shortly summarized in terms of their colloidal synthesis, and then the B‐site doping of perovskite NPls is considered in terms of the existing approaches (in situ and post‐synthetic doping) and its effect on the optical characteristics (doping with self‐emitting ions such as Mn2+ and rare‐earth elements; consequences for the nonlinear optical response). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking new cathode chemistry with high onset potential and compatibility with electrolytes has become a challenge for aqueous Zn ion batteries. Anion intercalation in graphite (4.5 V vs Li+/Li) possesses the potentiality but usually shows a competitive relationship with oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in aqueous solutions. Herein, a decoupled design is proposed to optimize a full utilization of perchlorate ion intercalation in graphite cathode by pH adjustment. Benefiting from the decoupled design, high Coulombic efficiency is obtained by decelerating the kinetic of OER in acidic media. The decoupled Zn‐graphite battery exhibits a wide potential window of 2.01 V, as well as an attractive energy density of 231 Wh kg−1. In addition, a Zn‐graphite battery with SO42−${\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$ insertion is assembled, which demonstrates the capability of the proposed decoupled strategy to integrate novel electrode chemistries for high‐performance aqueous Zn‐based energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the limitations arising from the consistent catalytic behavior observed for various intermediates during the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) poses a significant challenge in the optimization of catalytic activity. In this study, we aimed to address this challenge by constructing an asymmetric coordination Fe single atom catalyst (SCA) with a dynamically evolved structure. Our catalyst, consisting of a Fe atom coordinated with one S atom and three N atoms (Fe−S1N3), exhibited exceptional selectivity (CO Faradaic efficiency of 99.02 %) and demonstrated a high intrinsic activity (TOF of 7804.34 h−1), and remarkable stability. Using operando XAFS spectra and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we elucidated the self‐relaxation of geometric distortion and dynamic evolution of bond lengths within the catalyst. These structure changes enabled independent regulation of the *COOH and *CO intermediate adsorption energies, effectively breaking the linear scale relationship and enhancing the intrinsic activity of CO2RR. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic evolution of SACs and paves the way for targeted catalyst designs aimed to disrupt the linear scaling relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the limitations arising from the consistent catalytic behavior observed for various intermediates during the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) poses a significant challenge in the optimization of catalytic activity. In this study, we aimed to address this challenge by constructing an asymmetric coordination Fe single atom catalyst (SCA) with a dynamically evolved structure. Our catalyst, consisting of a Fe atom coordinated with one S atom and three N atoms (Fe−S1N3), exhibited exceptional selectivity (CO Faradaic efficiency of 99.02 %) and demonstrated a high intrinsic activity (TOF of 7804.34 h−1), and remarkable stability. Using operando XAFS spectra and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we elucidated the self‐relaxation of geometric distortion and dynamic evolution of bond lengths within the catalyst. These structure changes enabled independent regulation of the *COOH and *CO intermediate adsorption energies, effectively breaking the linear scale relationship and enhancing the intrinsic activity of CO2RR. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic evolution of SACs and paves the way for targeted catalyst designs aimed to disrupt the linear scaling relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of conductive hydrogels, particularly in the domain of wearable technology, has garnered substantial attention. However, the limited mechanical properties, low sensitivity, and lack of multifunctionality in conventional conductive hydrogels constrain their potential applications. Thus, the endeavor to develop conductive hydrogels with exceptional comprehensive performance remains a formidable challenge. In this investigation, chitosan quaternary ammonium salts and the conductive polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) were employed as precursor materials, incorporating carboxylated cellulose nanofibers, to synthesize a novel double-crosslinked network hydrogel. The resulting hydrogel specimen exhibited noteworthy tensile strength (2.13 MPa), significantly enhanced elongation (547%), favorable strain sensitivity (Gauge Factor ranging from 0.91 to 9.78), and electrical self-healing capabilities. Additionally, it demonstrated accurate detection of subtle human movements and conversion of raw data into binary data. This research provides valuable insights into the advancement of conductive hydrogels for wearable soft electronics. TOC : A double cross-linked network structure hydrogel with CNF–C: synergistically enhanced mechanical properties and sensitivity of flexible strain sensors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A unique atomic dispersed hetero-pair was successfully synthesized, consisting of Mo-Fe di-atoms anchored on N-doped carbon carrier. This strategy breaks the linear scaling relationships of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction by simultaneously regulating the *COOH adsorption energy and *CO desorption energy. The as-prepared MoFe–N–C exhibits excellent performance for CO2RR to CO with a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 3336.21 h−1, CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 95.96% at − 0.60 V (versus RHE) and outstanding stability. Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) involves a variety of intermediates with highly correlated reaction and ad-desorption energies, hindering optimization of the catalytic activity. For example, increasing the binding of the *COOH to the active site will generally increase the *CO desorption energy. Breaking this relationship may be expected to dramatically improve the intrinsic activity of CO2RR, but remains an unsolved challenge. Herein, we addressed this conundrum by constructing a unique atomic dispersed hetero-pair consisting of Mo-Fe di-atoms anchored on N-doped carbon carrier. This system shows an unprecedented CO2RR intrinsic activity with TOF of 3336 h−1, high selectivity toward CO production, Faradaic efficiency of 95.96% at − 0.60 V and excellent stability. Theoretical calculations show that the Mo-Fe diatomic sites increased the *COOH intermediate adsorption energy by bridging adsorption of *COOH intermediates. At the same time, d-d orbital coupling in the Mo-Fe di-atom results in electron delocalization and facilitates desorption of *CO intermediates. Thus, the undesirable correlation between these steps is broken. This work provides a promising approach, specifically the use of di-atoms, for breaking unfavorable relationships based on understanding of the catalytic mechanisms at the atomic scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic water splitting holds great promise as a sustainable and cost‐effectiveness alternative for the production of hydrogen. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of this strategy is hindered by suboptimal visible light utilization and sluggish charge carrier dynamics, leading to low yield. MXene is a promising cocatalyst due to its high conductivity, abundance of active sites, tunable terminal functional groups, and great specific surface area. Homo‐interface has perfect lattice matching and uniform composition, which are more conducive to photogenerated carriers' separation and migration. In this study, a novel ternary heterogeneous photocatalyst, a‐TiO2/H‐TiO2/Ti3C2 MXene (MXTi), is presented using an electrostatic self‐assembly method. Compared to commercial P25, pristine anatase, and rutile TiO2, as‐prepared MXTi exhibit exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, achieving a rate of 0.387 mmol h−1. The significant improvement is attributable to the synergistic effect of homo‐interface engineering and Ti3C2 MXene, which leads to widened light absorption and efficient carrier transportation. The findings highlight the potential of interface engineering and MXene cocatalyst loading as a proactive approach to enhance the performance of photocatalytic water splitting, paving the way for more sustainable and efficient hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the atomic mechanisms of deformation of nanocrystalline gold with 2.65–18 nm in grain size to explore the inverse Hall–Petch effect. Based on the mechanical responses, particularly the flow stress and the elastic-to-plastic transition, one can delineate three regimes: mixed (10–18 nm, dislocation activities and grain boundary sliding), inverse Hall-Petch (5–10 nm, grain boundary sliding), and super-soft (below 5 nm). As the grain size decreases, more grain boundaries present in the nanocrystalline solids, which block dislocation activities and facilitate grain boundary sliding. The transition from dislocation activities to grain boundary sliding leads to strengthening-then-softening due to grain size reduction, shown by the flow stress. It was further found that, samples with large grain exhibit pronounced yield, with the stress overshoot decrease as the grain size decreases. Samples with grain sizes smaller than 5 nm exhibit elastic-perfect plastic deformation without any stress overshoot, leading to the super-soft regime. Our simulations show that, during deformation, smaller grains rotate more and grow in size, while larger grains rotate less and shrink in size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-speed creep process mediated by rapid dislocation absorption was found in the nanoindentation creep test on nanocrystalline Cu. The creep strain and creep strain rate depend strongly on the loading strain rate and are far higher than those predicted by the models of Coble creep and thermally activated grain boundary sliding. Our analysis revealed that grain boundary dislocation sources can be activated and emitted dislocations from grain boundaries can be stored effectively at a high loading strain rate, but cannot at a low loading strain rate. The observed high-speed creep process is mediated mainly by the rapid absorptions of the stored dislocations and the dislocations newly nucleated during the holding period. An implication of our experimental finding is that dislocation structure in nanocrystalline metals is highly unstable and dislocation activity can proceed after loading and lead to a significant post-loading plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen sensors, using organic-inorganic and all-inorganic lead halide perovskites, have demonstrated huge advantages in operating temperature, responding time, and reversing oxygen content detection. Nevertheless, the toxicity and instability issues hinder their wide application. In this work, for the first time, we report a sensitive fluorescence oxygen detector based on lead-free double perovskite Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 thin film. The sensor has a remarkable performance in terms of fast response time of ≈56 s, recovery time of ≈91 s, and a relatively low limit of detection (LOD) of 150 ppm. More importantly, the unencapsulated sensor still exhibits an obvious response at low oxygen concentrations after two-week storage in ambient, and the device also exhibits good humidity, light, and thermal stability. Consequently, the lead-free double perovskite (Cs 2 AgBiBr 6) will be promising environmentally friendly material in developing reversible, sensitive, high-efficiency, and stable perovskite oxygen sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with a mixed halide composition can be used to obtain the "pure red" emission, i.e., in the 620–650 nm range, required for high‐definition displays. However, fast halide ion migration induces phase separation in these materials under electric fields, resulting in poor spectral stability and low efficiency. Herein, a method for producing mixed halide CsPbI3‐xBrx quantum dots (QDs) is reported in which ion migration is suppressed. The mixed halide composition is first achieved by anion exchange between CsPbI3 QDs and hydrobromic acid (HBr), during that the bromine ions efficiently passivate the iodine vacancies of the QDs. The original oleic acid ligands are then exchanged for 1‐dodecanethiol (1‐DT), which suppresses halide ion migration via the strong binding of the sulfhydryl group with the QD surface. PeLEDs based on these QDs exhibit a pure‐red electroluminescence (EL) peak at 637 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.8% with an average value of 20.4%, a peak luminance of 2653 cd m−2, and low EQE decease with increasing luminance. The EL spectrum of these devices is stable even at 6.7 V and they have an EQE half‐life of 70 min at an initial luminance of 150 cd m−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low cost transition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (TM‐N‐C) catalysts hold excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and have been considered as the most promising alternative to commercial Pt/C. TM‐N4, once identified as one potential active site for ORR, are brought to the spotlight by several single atom TM‐N‐C catalysts recently. However, it remains ambiguous whether this active site exists and is active for ORR because of the controversial analysis about similar TM‐N‐C catalysts by different groups. Herein, we elucidated the origin, architecture, characterization methods and possible catalytic mechanism of TM‐N4 active site. Some recent cases about single atom TM‐N‐C catalysts with TM‐N4 active site were comprehensively reviewed. Thus, some derived perspectives were presented. Undoubtedly, TM‐N4 enables being qualified as one possible type of active site for ORR. However, a general acceptance may mislead for clarifying, as confirmation of the metal‐centered coordination environment requires for more advanced technologies and strategies. Questions abound! What is TM‐N4 active site in metal‐nitrogen‐carbon? Where did it originate? Why TM‐N4 is active site? How it works? Whether TM‐N4 exists or is active for ORR seems to be a transparent black box. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On page 2988, W. Zhang and W. Zheng explore the recent highlights (since 2010) of applying delicately‐arranged single atoms as the smallest functional material. Functional single atoms have been demonstrated in a range of applications from catalysis to electronic devices, benefiting from state‐of‐the‐art characterization techniques. As in the words of Richard Feynman: “There is plenty of room at the bottom!” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical decomposition of water plays a critical role in green and sustainable energy. However, the development of efficient and low-cost non-noble metal catalysts to overcome the high potential of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is still challenging. In this work, electrocatalysts with high OER activity were obtained by doping Co/Fe bimetals into Ni3S2 (CF-NS) via a simple single-step hydrothermal method by adjusting the doping ratio of bimetals. A series of characterization studies revealed that the introduction of a Co/Fe co-dopant increased the number of active sites and improved the electroconductibility, while optimizing the electronic structure of Ni3S2. Meanwhile, Fe-induced high valence Ni contributed to the production of an OER active phase NiOOH. The unique dendritic crystal morphology facilitated the disclosure of the active sites and the expansion of mass transfer channels. The optimized sample required a low overpotential of 146 mV to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH solution. The optimized sample also operated stably for at least 86 h. In sum, the proposed method looks very promising for designing efficient, stable, and low-cost non-precious metal catalysts with high conductivity and multiple active sites, useful for future synthesis of transition metal sulfide catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider how the device structure and the emitter properties determine the performance of near-infrared quantum dot based light-emitting diodes. The challenges and future prospects for such bright, stable and efficient devices are discussed. [Display omitted] Near-infrared (NIR) emitters are indispensable for telecommunication and medical applications. Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots offer plenty of advantages for NIR light-emitting diodes (LEDs) thanks to their size-dependent emission, high exciton binding energy, and low-cost solution processing. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the development of NIR quantum dot LEDs, focusing on how their device structure and emitter properties facilitate improvement of device performance. The challenges and opportunities associated with NIR quantum dot LEDs such as achieving the proper balance between the charge transport and exciton formation, enhancement of device stability, and improvement of device outcoupling efficiency are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have risen rapidly in luminescence efficiency and color purity. However, their high performance requires careful and complex pre‐treatment of precursors and precise regulation of the reaction atmosphere; otherwise, their emission will be weak and broad. To overcome these limitations, we develop a facile ligand exchange method using a new type of bidentate ligand, which is obtained by reacting cheap sulfur with tributylphosphine (S‐TBP). During ligand exchange, the double bond between P and S atoms breaks and a single bond is formed between them, after which S‐TBP switches into a bidentate ligand and binds to a perovskite NC at two points. With short‐chain S‐TBP ligands that have high spatial position resistance, both NC spacing and surface ligand density can be reduced, thereby improving carrier injection and transport. On the NC surface after ligand exchange, halogen vacancies were substantially filled, leading to a PbSP (Pb, S, and P elements) component‐dominated shell that greatly decreases trap density and enhances material stability. The resulting perovskite NCs are stable and bright with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ≈96 %, and an external quantum efficiency of 22 %. Note that our ligand‐exchange strategy remains effective even when scaling up, which should accelerate commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have risen rapidly in luminescence efficiency and color purity. However, their high performance requires careful and complex pre‐treatment of precursors and precise regulation of the reaction atmosphere; otherwise, their emission will be weak and broad. To overcome these limitations, we develop a facile ligand exchange method using a new type of bidentate ligand, which is obtained by reacting cheap sulfur with tributylphosphine (S‐TBP). During ligand exchange, the double bond between P and S atoms breaks and a single bond is formed between them, after which S‐TBP switches into a bidentate ligand and binds to a perovskite NC at two points. With short‐chain S‐TBP ligands that have high spatial position resistance, both NC spacing and surface ligand density can be reduced, thereby improving carrier injection and transport. On the NC surface after ligand exchange, halogen vacancies were substantially filled, leading to a PbSP (Pb, S, and P elements) component‐dominated shell that greatly decreases trap density and enhances material stability. The resulting perovskite NCs are stable and bright with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ≈96 %, and an external quantum efficiency of 22 %. Note that our ligand‐exchange strategy remains effective even when scaling up, which should accelerate commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets materials have attracted extensive attention because of their promising practical application and theoretical values. In order to enhance the photocatalytic activity of bulk C 3 N 4 , we designed a 2D fabrication in which g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets was in the middle of MoS 2 /graphene layered structure. Here, we report an effective strategy to synthesize ternary g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2 /graphene nanocomposite photocatalyst via an in-situ adsorption method, which exhibits superior photocatalytic activity owing to enhanced charge carrier separation via well-contacted interface and fast charge transfer pathway. This work indicates a new insight into the design of such 2D heterostructure and a promising cocatalyst strategy for designing a more efficient g-C 3 N 4 -based semiconductor photocatalyst toward degradation of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal has been recognized as the most promising anode material due to its high capacity and low electrode potential. However, the high reactivity, infinite volume variation, and uncontrolled dendrites growth of Li during long‐term cycling severely limit its practical applications. To address these issues, herein, a novel 3D Al/Mg/Li alloy (denoted as AM‐Li) anode is designed and constructed by a facile smelting‐rolling strategy, which improves the surface stability, electrochemical cycling stability, and rate capability in lithium metal batteries. Specifically, the optimized AM‐Li|AM‐Li symmetric cell exhibits low polarization voltage (< 20 mV) and perfect cycling stability at 1 mA cm−2‐1 mAh cm−2 for more than 1600 h. Moreover, the AM‐Li|NCM811 full cell exhibits superior rate capability up to 5 C and excellent cyclability for 100 cycles at 0.5 C with a high capacity retention of 90.8%. The realization of lithium‐poor or lithium‐free anode materials will be a major development trend of anode materials in the future. Therefore, the research shows that the construction of 3D alloy framework is beneficial to improve the cycling stability of Li anodes by suppressing the volume expansion effect and Li dendrite growth, which will promote the further development of lithium‐poor metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]