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In 2018, KPAI noted that 84% of students in Indonesia had experienced violence at school. The research conducted by Jannah (2018) on early adolescents at Surabaya A Junior High School revealed that 76% of students had hit, 66% had fought, 46% had damaged items when angry, 90% had been hostile, 84% were angry and indicated adolescents tend to be prone to aggressive behavior. Adolescents who are male have a tendency to behave aggressively higher when compared to women (Santrock, 2007). The development of impulsive aggression involves emotional processes (Teten et al, 2008). Emotional states during adolescence are characterized by unstable and turbulent emotions, so that the mood can change quickly. Teenagers are said to have reached emotional maturity if they do not "blow up" their emotions in front of other people but wait for a more appropriate time and place to express their emotions in ways that are more acceptable. Adolescents whose emotions mature provide stable emotional reactions, do not change from one emotion or mood to another. The difficulty of reacting to emotions is called alexithymia. According to Sadock & Virginia (2010), alexithymia is a person's inability to describe or have difficulty describing or being aware of his emotions or mood. Goleman (2017) states that emotional blindness will cause several disadvantages including aggressive behavior. Research shows that high alexithymia levels are associated with high aggressive behavior and impulsive behavior (Teten et al, 2008). Salminen et al. (1998) stated that men were more likely to be not expressive in conveying emotions so that the possibility of alexithymia occurring in men was more than women. Based on the theoretical study above, there is an association between alexithymia and aggressive behavior in male adolescents.

Статья представляет собой эмпирическое исследование, которое было проведено для изучения феномена агрессивного поведения в контексте психического здоровья подростков. С помощью опросника SEYLE были исследованы ученики возрастом от двенадцати до восемнадцати лет десяти школ города Одессы, Украина (n = 589). Установлено что девочки чаще были замечены в эмоциональных, а мальчики в физических проявлениях агрессии. Было отмечено, что подростки с высоким уровнем родительского участия реже отмечали у себя проявления агрессивного поведения. Установлена прямо пропорциональная связь между низким социоэкономическим статусом, буллингом, плохим самочувствием, интернет-зависимостью и агрессивным поведением старшеклассников. Обнаружено, что подростки, сообщавшие об агрессивных проявлениях, чаще замечали у себя наличие психосоматических нарушений, были более склонными к рисковому и суицидальному поведению., Стаття являє собою емпіричне дослідження, яке було проведено для вивчення феномена агресивної поведінки в контексті психічного здоров’я підлітків. За допомогою опитувальника SEYLE були досліджені учні віком від дванадцяти до вісімнадцяти років десяти шкіл міста Одеси, Україна (n = 589). Встановлено, що дівчатка частіше були помічені в емоційних, а хлопчики в фізичних проявах агресії. Було відзначено, що підлітки з високим рівнем батьківської участі рідше відзначали у себе прояви агресивної поведінки. Встановлено прямо пропорційний зв’язок між низьким соціоекономічним статусом, буллінгом, поганим самопочуттям, інтернет-залежністю і агресивною поведінкою старшокласників. Виявлено, що підлітки, які повідомляли про агресивні прояви, частіше помічали у себе наявність психосоматичних порушень, були більш схильними до ризикової і суїцидальної поведінки., The paper presents the empirical study which was carried out to study the phenomenon of aggressive behavior in the context of adolescents’ mental health. Analysis of the literature showed that in spite of relevance and active learning the problem of aggressive behavior among adolescents in other European countries, there are no sufficient data about the relationship between the aggressive behavior and various indicators of mental health of adolescents in Ukraine.The study was conducted in secondary schools in the city of Odessa (of 10 secondary schools). Were covered different types of schools: public schools, gymnasium, lyceum, college and boarding school. The study was performed as part of the Swedish-Ukrainian project to study the mental health of adolescents (hands. Prof. Rozanov VA) in collaboration with the Swedish National Research Centre (hands. Prof. D. Wasserman), supported by the Swedish Institute (Swedish Institute). The average age of respondents was 14,866 years (SD = 1,107 years). SEYLE inventory was administrated to the Ukrainian adolescents.It was determined that girls were more often seen in the emotional, and the boys in the physical manifestations of aggression. Adolescents with a high level of parental involvement rarely mentioned their aggressive behavior. A direct proportional relationship between low socio-economic status, bullying, Internet addiction and aggressive behavior of students. It was found that adolescents who reported on the aggressive behavior often noticed psychosomatic disorders, risk and suicidal behavior.

Introducción: En la cultura occidental existe un incremento en el número de estudios que describen los síntomas del Trastorno de Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) entre los escolares. No obstante, los estudios sobre TDAH entre niños de culturas no occidentales son limitados. Así, el propósito de este estudio es comparar perfiles de problemas de comportamiento en niños turcos con Déficit de Atención/Déficit de Hiperactividad (DA/DH) y aquellos que no lo sufren.Método: Un total de 49 niños con y sin DA/DH participaron en este estudio. Los problemas de comportamiento de los niños fueron evaluados mediante la versión en turco de la Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).Resultados: El análisis de los resultados del CBCL refleja que los niños turcos con DA/DH se situaban en los rangos clínicos en comparación con los niños sin DA/DH. Los padres de los niños con los trastornos señalaron tasas altas de comportamiento agresivo, problemas de atención y problemas con el cumplimiento de normas.Discusión y Conclusiones: En general, los resultados apuntan similitudes en las características de los niños con TDAH. En este sentido, los niños turcos con TDAH presentan niveles clínicos en cuanto a problemas de conducta en comparación con los otros niños que no tienen este trastorno. Los resultados se discuten bajo el marco de la literatura disponible y se proporcionan recomendaciones para una práctica adecuada.

Previous research has shown links between parenting and externalizing behavior problems in young children over time. Associations between inhibitory control, one of the executive functions, and externalizing behavior problems are widely established as well. Yet, the role of inhibitory control in the maintenance and change of externalizing behavior problems over time remains unclear. We examined whether inhibitory control could explain the link between mother-child interactions measured on a moment-to-moment timescale and preschoolers’ externalizing behavior problems as reported by teachers. With a sample of 173 predominantly clinically referred preschoolers (76.9% boys) we tested a longitudinal model proposing that affective dyadic flexibility and maternal negative affect predict as well as interact in predicting hyperactive/impulsive behavior and aggressive behavior, with preschoolers’ inhibitory control as a mediator. Our results provide support for this model for preschoolers’ hyperactive/impulsive behavior, but not for aggressive behavior. Hence, inhibitory control is identified as a mechanism linking the content and structure of mother-child interactions to preschoolers’ hyperactivity and impulsivity over time.

Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2022-02-09T11:32:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Andressa Jacondino Pires.pdf: 3347950 bytes, checksum: ebab244952568aff39b3d2c2bd9dcbd8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-09T11:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Andressa Jacondino Pires.pdf: 3347950 bytes, checksum: ebab244952568aff39b3d2c2bd9dcbd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq Introduction: Estimates indicate that 1 in 4 children in the world suffer from some mental disorderand about 10-25% of children have emotional or behavioral problems. Such problems, as well as emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and relationshipproblems are among the most prevalent in childhood. It is also known that mothers of preschool children have a high prevalence of mental disorders and depression is among the most prevalent maternal mental disorders. The presence of mental disorders in the mother may reflect negatively on various aspects of child development according to the duration and severity of symptoms. Aims: To evaluate the impact of maternal depression on development problems in children aged between 4 and 5 years; and to verify the relationship between maternal mental disordersin the puerperal period and current period, and aggressive behavior and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) among preschoolers. Method: Cross-sectional study with children aged between 4 and 5 years and their mothers; nested in a cohort of adolescent pregnant women that began in 2008. The instruments used were: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI Plus), Strenghs and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: The first article, in the multivariate analysis, showed that children of mothers with chronic depression were 6.7 (95% CI 2.3, 19.5) times more likely to present hyperactivity; 2.4 (95% CI 1.1, 5.6) conduct problems; 3.4 (95% CI 1.4, 8.1) hyperactivity and 4.5 (95% CI 1.4, 14.6) relationshipproblems with peers, compared to those whose mothers did not have depression in neither moment. In the second article, aggressive behavior and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) had a prevalence of 30% and 30.5%, respectively. Both disorders were more prevalent among children whose mothers with current mental disorders received no support and suffered maltreatment during pregnancy and were not living with the child's father. Conclusion: Mothers with current mental disorders are more related to the development of mental disorders in their children, especially the externalizing ones; and the longer the exposure time to maternal depression, the greater the likelihood of the child to present emotional, behavioral, hyperactivity and relationship problems. Introdução: Estimativas apontam que 1 entre 4 crianças no mundo sofre algum transtorno mental e cerca de 10 a 25% das crianças apresentam problemas emocionais ou comportamentais. Tais problemas, assim como problemas de conduta, hiperatividade e de relacionamento estão entre os mais prevalentes na infância. Sabe-se, ainda, que mães de pré escolares apresentam uma alta prevalência de transtornos mentais e a depressão encontra-se entre os transtornos mentais maternos mais prevalentes. A presença de transtornos mentais na mãe pode refletir de forma negativa em vários aspectos do desenvolvimento infantil de acordo com a duração e a severidade dos sintomas. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto da depressão materna no desenvolvimento de problemas mentais nos filhos com idades entre 4 e 5 anos; e verificar a relação entre transtornos mentais maternos, no período puerperal e atual, e comportamento agressivo e transtorno desafiador opositivo, em pré-escolares. Método: Estudo transversal com crianças entre 4 e 5 anos e suas mães; aninhado a uma coorte de gestantes adolescentes que teve início no ano de 2008. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI Plus), Strenghs and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) e Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Resultados: O primeiro artigo, na análise multivariada, mostrou que filhos de mães com depressão crônica tiveram 6,7 (IC 95% 2,3; 19,5) vezes mais chance de apresentar hiperatividade; 2,4 (IC 95% 1,1; 5,6) problemas de conduta; 3,4 (IC 95% 1,4; 8,1) hiperatividade e 4,5 (IC 95% 1,4; 14,6) problemas de relacionamento com pares, comparados àqueles cujas mães não tiveram depressão em nenhum momento. Já no segundo artigo, a prevalência de comportamento agressivo foi 30% e transtorno desafiador opositivo foi 30,5%, ambos sendo mais prevalentes em filhos de mães com transtornos mentais atuais, que não se sentiram apoiadas na gestação, que sofreram maus tratos na gestação e que não viviam com o pai da criança. Conclusão: Mães com transtornos mentais atuais apresentam maior relação com o desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais em seus filhos, especialmente os externalizantes; e quanto maior o tempo de exposição à depressão materna, maior a probabilidade da criança apresentarproblemas emocionais, de conduta, hiperatividade e de relacionamento.

Bullying is characterized by intentional, repetitive, and persistent aggressive behavior that causes damage to the victim. Many studies investigate the social and emotional aspects related to bullying, but few assess the cognitive aspects it involves. Studies with aggressive individuals indicate impairment in executive functioning and decision-making. The objective of this study was to assess hot and cold executive functions in children who experience bullying. A total of 60 children between 10 and 11 years of age were included in the study. They were divided into four groups: aggressors (bullies), victims, bully-victims, and control. Tests for decision-making, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were used. The bully group made more unfavorable choices on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which may indicate difficulties in the decision-making process. The victim group took longer to complete the Trail Making Test (Part B) than aggressors, suggesting lower cognitive flexibility in victims. The hypothesis that aggressors would have lower performance in other executive functions such as inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility has not been confirmed. This study indicates that bullies have an impairment of hot executive functions whereas victims have a comparatively lower performance in cold executive functions. In addition to social and cultural variables, neurocognitive and emotional factors seem to influence the behavior of children in bullying situations.

The intent of this study is to open up the issue of aggressive and violent behavior in the selected school environment of primary school with a focus on pupils at risk of neglect. The main aim is to monitor prevention and cooperation among staff at the school, and simultaneously a relationship of the school to other specialized institutions within a given topic. The theoretical part of the study is concerned with the definition of basic terms related to the issue, above all, how aggressive and violent behavior is defined in the context of the school environment, and how the neglected child syndrome and the term of prevention is defined. This part is based on literature search and the findings from my own experience. In the practical part is presented qualitative research using instrumental case study. The selected research tools are interviews and secondary data analysis, ie. social history and analysis of the school document by which the data are detected and subsequently analyzed. In conclusion, the study summarizes the major findings, observations, it also gives recommendations for improving prevention in the issue. The study thus provides the opportunity to open the selected topic for discussion. KEYWORDS: Prevention, Agressive Behavior, Violent Behavior, School Environment, Child at Risk of...

In colonial breeders, agonistic interactions between conspecifics are frequent and may have significant physiological implications. Physiological responses (e.g., increased heart rate) to such social stressors may be determined by the potential costs of agonistic interactions, such as personal injury or risk of breeding failure, and by the motivation of the individuals concerned. The latter may vary according to individuals’ reproductive status or willingness to engage in agonistic interactions. In this study, we investigated heart rate responses to aggressive interactions in a breeding colony of king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus. From heart rate (HR) and behavior recorded in 20 adults at various stages of the breeding season, we investigated how king penguins reacted to aggressive neighbors. A total of 589 agonistic interactions, 223 in which birds were actors and 366 in which birds remained bystanders (i.e., witnesses that were not involved in interactions), were characterized. We found that HR increased during agonistic interactions, both in actors and bystanders. The intensity (threat displays or physical attacks), duration, and rate of aggressive events (number of threats/blows per unit time) of an interaction significantly influenced the HR response in actors. For bystanders, however, only the duration of interactions seemed to matter. Our results also suggest a role for individual motivation, as initiators of agonistic interactions displayed higher HR increases than responders, and as increases were not constant throughout the reproductive season. We conclude that individual risk assessment and motivation modulate physiological responses to social stressors in group-living animals. Key wor ds: aggressive behavior , colonial breeding, context assessment, heart rate modulation, motivation, stress. [Behav Ecol]

Este trabalho relata um caso de tentativa de infanticídio por um macho residente e dominante de um grupo de Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) em um infante extra-grupo, em ilha do rio Paraná, Paraná, Brasil. O encontro do par fêmea-infante com o macho residente foi propiciado pela interferência humana. Devido às circunstâncias em que ocorreu o fato e a posição hierárquica do agressor, a hipótese de patologia social pareceu plausível na explicação do comportamento.This work reports on an infanticide attempt by a dominant resident male in a group of Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) on an extra-group infant in an Island in the Paraná river, Paraná, Brazil. The encounter of an infant-female pair with a resident male was brought about by human interference. Give the circumstances in which the event ocurred and the hierarchical position of the agressor, the social pathology hypothesis seems the most plausible explanation for such behavior.

Intenzivna psihijatrijska skrb jest vrsta psihijatrijskog liječenja bolesnika koja se provodi na zatvorenom psihijatrijskom odjelu i po mogućnosti u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja, a sadržaji su joj dijagnostika, liječenje i opservacija hitnih stanja, odnosno bolesnika u psihijatriji. Uključuje sveobuhvatnu razinu skrbi, 24-satnu opservaciju te mogućnost fizičkog sputavanja i odvajanja bolesnika u slučaju gubitka kapaciteta za samokontrolu. Najčešća hitna stanja koja zahtijevaju intenzivnu psihijatrijsku skrb jesu suicidalnost, auto i hetero agresivnost i krizna stanja. Pregled bolesnika uključuje anamnezu, heteroanamnezu, opis psihijatrijskog statusa, opći somatski i neurološki pregled, laboratorijske pretrage, a ponekad CT i MRI mozga. U liječenju hitnog psihijatrijskog bolesnika upotrebljavaju se psihofarmakoterapija, psihoterapija (kratka, individualna dinamski orijentirana, ventilacija, debriefing, suportivna psihoterapija i obiteljska), te ponekad fizičko sputavanje i odvajanje bolesnika u izolacijsku prostoriju zbog moguće opasnosti za sebe i/ili okolinu. Članovi medicinskog tima su psihijatri te medicinske sestre i tehničari koji su stručno i posebno educirani u kliničkoj hitnoj psihijatriji i koji će odmah po prijamu bolesnika odrediti prioritete postupaka, dijagnostike i liječenja. Vrijeme provedeno u jedinici za intenzivnu psihijatrijsku skrb različito je, ali najčešće je od 2 do 6 dana. Po smirivanju akutne kliničke slike koja je i bila razlogom prijama u takvu jedinicu, bolesnika se premješta na odgovarajući psihijatrijski odjel sukladno njegovom općem psihofizičkom stanju i psihijatrijskoj dijagnozi. Iako se općenito misli da su postupci intenzivne psihijatrijske skrbi ponekad naglašeno specifični ili izvan okvira kompetencija osoblja koje radi u tim jedinicama, one su nužne i medicinski opravdane., Intensive psychiatric care is a type of psychiatric treatment of patients conducted in a closed psychiatric ward, and engages the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric emergencies. Includes a comprehensive level of care, 24-hour observation, and the possibility of physical restraint and isolation of patients in the event of loss of capacity for self-control. Psychiatric disorders treated in such departments are deteriorating mental state within the various mental disorders. The most common emergencies that require intensive psychiatric care are suicide, auto and hetero aggressiveness and states of crisis. Examination of the patient includes medical history, heteroanamnesis, description of psychiatric status, general and neurological examination, laboratory tests, and sometimes CT and MRI of the brain. In order to take care of urgent psychiatric patients in use is pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy (brief, individual dynamically oriented, ventilation, debriefing, supportive and family psychotherapy), and sometimes physical restraint and isolation of patients in isolation room because of possible danger to himself and / or the environment. The principal members of the medical team are psychiatrists, nurses and technicians who are highly qualified and trained in clinical psychiatry emergency and will immediately determine procedure, diagnosis and treatment of the patient. Time spent in psychiatric intensive care unit varies, but is usually from 2-6 days. By calming the acute clinical picture which is the reason for admission to such department, the patient is transferred to other psychiatric wards in accordance with its general mental and physical condition and psychiatric diagnosis. Although it is generally thought that the procedures for intensive psychiatric care is sometimes too hard or beyond the competence of personnel working in such departments, they are medically necessary and justified.

Intenzivna psihijatrijska skrb jest vrsta psihijatrijskog liječenja bolesnika koja se provodi na zatvorenom psihijatrijskom odjelu i po mogućnosti u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja, a sadržaji su joj dijagnostika, liječenje i opservacija hitnih stanja, odnosno bolesnika u psihijatriji. Uključuje sveobuhvatnu razinu skrbi, 24-satnu opservaciju te mogućnost fizičkog sputavanja i odvajanja bolesnika u slučaju gubitka kapaciteta za samokontrolu. Najčešća hitna stanja koja zahtijevaju intenzivnu psihijatrijsku skrb jesu suicidalnost, auto i hetero agresivnost i krizna stanja. Pregled bolesnika uključuje anamnezu, heteroanamnezu, opis psihijatrijskog statusa, opći somatski i neurološki pregled, laboratorijske pretrage, a ponekad CT i MRI mozga. U liječenju hitnog psihijatrijskog bolesnika upotrebljavaju se psihofarmakoterapija, psihoterapija (kratka, individualna dinamski orijentirana, ventilacija, debriefing, suportivna psihoterapija i obiteljska), te ponekad fizičko sputavanje i odvajanje bolesnika u izolacijsku prostoriju zbog moguće opasnosti za sebe i/ili okolinu. Članovi medicinskog tima su psihijatri te medicinske sestre i tehničari koji su stručno i posebno educirani u kliničkoj hitnoj psihijatriji i koji će odmah po prijamu bolesnika odrediti prioritete postupaka, dijagnostike i liječenja. Vrijeme provedeno u jedinici za intenzivnu psihijatrijsku skrb različito je, ali najčešće je od 2 do 6 dana. Po smirivanju akutne kliničke slike koja je i bila razlogom prijama u takvu jedinicu, bolesnika se premješta na odgovarajući psihijatrijski odjel sukladno njegovom općem psihofizičkom stanju i psihijatrijskoj dijagnozi. Iako se općenito misli da su postupci intenzivne psihijatrijske skrbi ponekad naglašeno specifični ili izvan okvira kompetencija osoblja koje radi u tim jedinicama, one su nužne i medicinski opravdane., Intensive psychiatric care is a type of psychiatric treatment of patients conducted in a closed psychiatric ward, and engages the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric emergencies. Includes a comprehensive level of care, 24-hour observation, and the possibility of physical restraint and isolation of patients in the event of loss of capacity for self-control. Psychiatric disorders treated in such departments are deteriorating mental state within the various mental disorders. The most common emergencies that require intensive psychiatric care are suicide, auto and hetero aggressiveness and states of crisis. Examination of the patient includes medical history, heteroanamnesis, description of psychiatric status, general and neurological examination, laboratory tests, and sometimes CT and MRI of the brain. In order to take care of urgent psychiatric patients in use is pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy (brief, individual dynamically oriented, ventilation, debriefing, supportive and family psychotherapy), and sometimes physical restraint and isolation of patients in isolation room because of possible danger to himself and / or the environment. The principal members of the medical team are psychiatrists, nurses and technicians who are highly qualified and trained in clinical psychiatry emergency and will immediately determine procedure, diagnosis and treatment of the patient. Time spent in psychiatric intensive care unit varies, but is usually from 2-6 days. By calming the acute clinical picture which is the reason for admission to such department, the patient is transferred to other psychiatric wards in accordance with its general mental and physical condition and psychiatric diagnosis. Although it is generally thought that the procedures for intensive psychiatric care is sometimes too hard or beyond the competence of personnel working in such departments, they are medically necessary and justified.

This thesis focuses on problem behavior, its manifestations and causes of origin in children with autism spectrum disorders. The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part focuses on introduction to issues of autism spectrum disorders and problem behavior. Mentioned here is history and etiology of disorders, also the part deals with autistic triad of disability. Among others I try briefly characterize various autism spectrum disorders focusing on infantile autism. In the second part the problem behavior is elaborated. Important for me was to introduce readers to the issue of problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders, but attention was also paid to aggressive behavior in general, its etiology and types based on psychological theories. In the empirical part the thesis deals with analysis of manifestations of problem behavior, reasons of its origin and frequency of occurrence this behavior in two boys with infantile autism. The aim of the thesis is to describe all these phenomena based on case studies, for which I used the methods of observation of two boys, interview with their parents and analysis of documents provided to me by the school and family. Keywords Autism spectrum disorder, infantile autism, autistic triad, problem behavior,...

Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslininkai teigia, kad mokyklose agresyvumo, tyčiojimosi mastas vis didėja ir, kaip įrodyta empiriniais tyrimais (Povilaitis, Valiukevičiūtė, 2004; Christian, Kashiwagi, 2007; Carlson, Cornell, 2008; Zaborskis, Vareikienė, 2008 ir kt.), yra vaikų, kurie nuolatos patiria bendraamžių patyčias mokykloje. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas 5-10 kl. sportuojančių ir rizikos grupės paauglių patiriamų patyčių dažnumas amžiaus, lyties aspektais. [...] 2008 metais buvo apklausti 296 Kauno miesto mokyklų sportuojantys ir rizikos grupės paaugliai. Tiriamiesiems buvo pateiktas klausimynas, parengtas remiantis Didžiosios Britanijos Jorko miesto Patyčių klausimynu moksleiviams, o gauti duomenys interpretuoti naudojant neparametrinę statistiką. Nustatyta, kad patyčių dažnumas nepriklauso nuo lyties - tiek merginos, tiek vaikinai patiria analogišką patyčių dažnumą. Sportavimo ir amžiaus veiksniai mažina patiriamų patyčių dažnumą - sportininkai (tiek merginos, tiek vaikinai) patiria patyčias rečiau nei rizikos grupės paaugliai, o vyresniųjų (8-10 kl.) klasių paaugliai patyčias patiria rečiau nei jaunesniųjų (5-7 kl.). Rizikos grupės paaugliai dažniau tyčiojasi iš kitų vaikų, nei sportuojantieji. Tyčiojimosi dažnumas iš kitų taip pat priklauso nuo lyties ir amžiaus veiksnių. Merginos teigia, kad jos rečiau tyčiojasi iš bendraamžių nei vaikinai, o vyresni (8-10 kl.) paaugliai - rečiau nei jaunesni (5-7 kl.). Analizuojant asmens patiriamų patyčių ir jo paties tyčiojimosi iš bendraamžių dažnumo raišką nustatyta silpna tiesinė šių reiškinių priklausomybė 5-7 klasėse ir sportuojančių paauglių grupėse. Lithuanian and foreign scientists indicate that in the schools the scale of aggresiveness and bullying is growing and as it has been proved by the empirical research (Povilaitis, Valiukevičiūtė, 2004; Christian, Kashiwagi, 2007; Carlson, Cornell, 2008; Zaborskis, Vareikienė, 2008 and others) there are children, who constantly experience bullying by coevals at school. This article analyzes athletes and at-risk adolescents from the 5-10th forms and their experienced bullying incidence in the age and gender aspects. The purpose of the survey was to disclose the frequency athletes and at-risk adolescents' experienced bullying and bullying carried out by themselves. Research object was the frequency of 12-15 year-old athletes and risk group adolescents' experienced bullying and bullyings implemented by themselves. Research tasks: 1) to identify the aspects of gender and age of athletes and at risk adolescents and their experienced bullying frequency; 2) to evaluate the influence of gender and age factors on the frequency of researched bullying at coevals; 3) to disclose the dependence of frequency between person's experienced bullyings and their bullying at other coevals. 296 athletes and at-risk adolescents from various Kaunas town schools participated in the interview, which was carried out in 2008. The subjects were given questionnaires, based on the British City of York school bullying questionnaire, and the data were interpreted using non-parametric statistics. Analyzing the frequency of experienced bullyings among the 5-10th form adolescents, we determined that it did not depend on gender - girls and boys experienced the same frequency of bullyings. Sports and age factors lowered the frequency of experienced bullying - athletes (both girls and boys) experienced bullyings more seldom than risk-group adolescents and older adolescents experienced bullyings more seldom than younger adolescents. We found that bullying did not depend on gender - both girls and boys experienced similar frequency of bullying. As for sport and age factors in reducing the frequency of bullying experienced, athletes (both girls and boys) suffered less bullying than of at-risk adolescents, and older adolecents suffered less bullying than younger adolescents. Analyzing the frequency expression of persons' experienced bullyings and their bullying at other coevals, we determined low linear dependence of these expressions between age and after-school activities (in athletes adolescent groups).

AIM: to present results of the investigation of efficacy of combination of risperidone and topiramat in patients with schizophrenia and dominant aggressive behavior. METHODS: the research comprised 30 patients with schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria. Patients were admitted in Vrapce Psychiatric Hospital because of aggressive behavior during psychotic episode in the period from May to September, 2007. The Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used in order to assess patients' condition. The first assessment was made prior to initiation of the treatment. Patients were assessed daily during period of one week, and following assessments were performed on weekly basis during first month of treatment. RESULTS: After one month PANSS total score significantly improved in 26 patients. The mean Clinical Global Impression severity score for 26 patients improved from markedly ill to mildly ill. Four patients did not finish the study due to side effects (tremor, sedation, weight decrease). CONCLUSION: Administration of combination of risperidone and topiramat was clinically beneficial for the patients with schizophrenia and dominant aggressive behavior.

Daugelyje Amerikos ir Europos valstybių jau keletą dešimtmečių vyksta diskusijos, ar televizijos žiūrėjimas daro įtaką vaikų emocinei būsenai, elgesio problemoms, hiperaktyvumui ir dėmesio stokai, taip pat sveikatai - miego ir virškinimo sutrikimams, paauglių antsvoriui. Daug dėmesio skiriama smurto scenų ir agresyvaus turinio filmų bei laidų demonstravimo sąsajoms su įvairaus amžiaus vaikų agresyviu bei antisocialiu elgesiu. Vaiko dienos veiklos tvarkaraštyje televizija užima didelę laiko dalį ir kartu mažiau vietos palieka tokiems svarbiems brendimo aspektams, kaip bendravimas su bendraamžiais, grožinės literatūros skaitymas, aktyvūs fiziniai žaidimai. Televizija pakeičia tėvų kritišką priežiūrą ir kontrolę, tampa vaikų „aukle", t.y. pagrindiniu socializacijos veiksniu, diegiančiu naujas, dažnai socialiai nepriimtinas vertybes, mokančiu naujų elgesio „taisyklių". Norėdami nustatyti smurto demonstravimo televizijoje sąsajas su vaikų smurtinių nuostatų formavimusi, atlikome tyrimą - struktūruoto pokalbio metodu apklausėme 11-13 metų vaikus. Apibendrinę jų atsakymus, nustatėme vaikų pomėgio žiūrėti smurtinius filmus, jų požiūrio į smurtines situacijas sąsają su tėvų kontrolės vaikams stoka. For several decades discussions have continued in the U.S. and many European countries on the question of whether television viewing has an influence on the emotional status of children, behavior problems, expressions of hyperactivity and lack of attention, sleep and earing disorders, the obesity of adolescents. Particular attention was directed to scenes of violence in television and the connections between the demonstration of television films and programs with aggressive content and the aggressive and the anti-social behavior of children of various ages. Television watching takes up a large part of the child's day, thus leaving less room for important development aspects such as interaction with peers, reading of literature or active physical play. Without the critical supervision of parents television becomes a "nanny" - a main factor of socialization, promoting in children new, often socially unacceptable values, teaching new forms of behavior which the children "adapt" in real life. Seeking to evaluate the relationship between showing violence on television and the formation of violent convictions of children using the assistance of the structured interview 11-13 year old children were questioned. The research indicated a statistically significant correlation between the manner of parent's control of the TV programs their children viewed and the habits of children to watch violent films as well as their attitude toward violent situations

Este trabalho relata um caso de tentativa de infanticídio por um macho residente e dominante de um grupo de Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) em um infante extra-grupo, em ilha do rio Paraná, Paraná, Brasil. O encontro do par fêmea-infante com o macho residente foi propiciado pela interferência humana. Devido às circunstâncias em que ocorreu o fato e a posição hierárquica do agressor, a hipótese de patologia social pareceu plausível na explicação do comportamento. This work reports on an infanticide attempt by a dominant resident male in a group of Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) on an extra-group infant in an Island in the Paraná river, Paraná, Brazil. The encounter of an infant-female pair with a resident male was brought about by human interference. Give the circumstances in which the event ocurred and the hierarchical position of the agressor, the social pathology hypothesis seems the most plausible explanation for such behavior.