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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The location of facilities in humanitarian logistics is a crucial problem as it directly affects the responsiveness, efficiency in distribution and performance of aid operations, this problem is characterized by uncertainty of information, speed of reaction, lack of resources and variability of the environment making it necessary to generate new models that can be adjusted to reality. In this literature review, research published between 2020 and 2022 was analyzed. Based on the studies reviewed, they prefer to adjust to reality using capacity limits, stochastic models, non-predefined locations, deprivation and multi-objective functions in emergencies generated by natural disasters. Finally, the following should be considered in future research: the type of temporality of the facility, the routing with its restrictions, the use of more robust models and the size of the facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ante la presencia de desastres naturales las comunidades muestran valoración del impacto de afectación hacia las personas, que se encuentran viviendo este momento de crisis, estimando la participación con actuación resiliente, por ello, la presente disertación tiene como objetivo constatar lo comunitario en la resiliencia ante los desastres naturales, en el contexto de Manabí, Ecuador, provincia propensa a terremotos, inundaciones, sequías, incendios forestales, entre otros eventos de carácter natural, pero otros producidos por el hombre. El estudio fue descriptivo, documental, retrospectivo, fundamentado en revisión bibliográfica acerca de desastres naturales experimentados en esa localidad, considerando las posiciones de quienes los estudiaron, verificando el comportamiento de la gente desde lo comunitario contrastándola con los fundamentos de la resiliencia, según criterios de la herramienta Goal (2015). Se asumen como resultados, que en estas comunidades se aprovechan las capacidades y competencias que poseen, manejando emocionalmente el estrés, buscando los recursos, trabajando con sinergia y cohesión. Manifiestan moderado comportamiento en cuanto a estar consciente de los riesgos que corren en el espacio donde viven. Se concluye que muchas acciones dependen de las autoridades, de organismos oficiales, pero en su característica de gente valiente, la comunidad lucha por vencer los desastres, aprendiendo, a través de ellos.

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La localización de instalaciones en la logística humanitaria es un problema crucial ya afecta directamente a la capacidad de respuesta, eficiencia en la distribución y al rendimiento de las operaciones de ayuda, este problema se caracteriza por la incertidumbre de la información, la velocidad en la reacción, la falta de recursos y la variabilidad del entorno haciendo que se generen nuevos modelos que se puedan ajustar a la realidad. En esta revisión de literatura se analizaron investigaciones publicadas entre los años 2020 y 2022. Con base en los estudios revisados, estos prefieren ajustarse a la realidad utilizando límites de capacidad, modelos estocásticos, ubicaciones no predefinidas, funciones de privación y multiobjetivo en emergencias generadas por desastres naturales. Finalmente se debe de considerar en futuras investigaciones: el tipo de temporalidad de la instalación, el enrutamiento con sus restricciones, el uso de modelos más robustos y el tamaño de las instalaciones.

Los deslizamientos históricamente han causado mayores daños en el planeta, y representan aproximadamente el 17% del total de muertes provocadas por riesgos naturales a nivel mundial. Lastimosamente, debido a los efectos del cambio climático se pronostica que las pérdidas humanas y económicas no disminuyan. Existen varias metodologías para mapear la susceptibilidad a deslizamientos, de las cuales a nivel regional de Latinoamérica se destaca el uso de los modelos Mora-Vahrson y lógica difusa. Ecuador es un país tropical que ha sufrido varios desastres naturales, el último fue un deslizamiento sucedido en Alausí-Chimborazo donde murieron 65 personas; sin embargo, todavía persisten zonas poco estudiadas, como la región amazónica, la cual se presenta como caso de estudio al cantón Morona. El objetivo principal fue generar un modelo de susceptibilidad a deslizamientos mediante lógica difusa y Mora-Vahrson, y determinar el método que mejor se ajuste a su realidad geográfica. Los modelos resultantes fueron clasificados en cinco niveles de riesgo, donde el 80.73% de los deslizamientos registrados en zonas de alta y muy alta susceptibilidad fueron representados correctamente con lógica difusa, mientras que el 33.03% de precisión se obtuvo con Mora-Vahrson. El cotejamiento entre modelos determinó que las parroquias Macas, Alshi, Zúñac, San Isidro presentaron mayor susceptibilidad, pero con el modelamiento probabilístico difuso se logró identificar más detalladamente el nivel de riesgo a equipamientos presente en el territorio. Esta ventaja se debe a la escala de información cartográfica de las variables que son utilizadas en cada método, y que inciden en la precisión de los resultados, por lo que para fines de gestión de riesgos es recomendable utilizar metodologías como lógica difusa en trabajos a escalas ≥1:25000, en lugares similares a los que se analizó en este estudio, como son los territorios amazónicos del Ecuador

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Do large-scale and unexpected events, such as natural disasters, affect elections? This article studies the political dimension of the 19-S earthquake that hit Mexico City in 2017, a few months before the 2018 elections. Using fine-grained geospatial data, the results show that candidates from the city-level incumbent Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) had a small increase in vote share in 2018 compared to the previous election in precincts more exposed to damaged caused by the earthquake (in terms of both distance-based and per capita measures), accounting for the seismic profile and socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood. The article shows that the implementation of disaster-recovery policy explains part of this relationship. Moreover, voters were as electorally responsive to a future risk reduction strategy as to a reconstruction credit.

El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar cómo los procesos adaptativos han permitido el desarrollo de la resiliencia en 4 jefes de hogar víctimas de la avalancha en el municipio de Salgar el 18 de mayo de 2015. El enfoque de investigación es fenomenológico y la estrategia de investigación es el estudio de caso. La técnica utilizada fue la entrevista semiestructurada y los participantes estuvieron conformados por dos hombres y dos mujeres. En los resultados se encontró que los procesos adaptativos se estructuran a partir de los cambios sociales e individuales y la movilización de las redes de apoyo. Y el desarrollo de la resiliencia se relacionó con el Yo tengo (Soporte social), Yo puedo (estrategias de afrontamiento) y Yo soy (habilidades interpersonales), el apoyo en la fe y el apoyo comunitario. Y se identificó que el apoyo gubernamental en la reconstrucción material y de tejido social resultaron fundamentales en el desarrollo de la resiliencia.

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Do large-scale and unexpected events, such as natural disasters, affect elections? This article studies the political dimension of the 19-S earthquake that hit Mexico City in 2017, a few months before the 2018 elections. Using fine-grained geospatial data, the results show that candidates from the city-level incumbent Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) had a small increase in vote share in 2018 compared to the previous election in precincts more exposed to damaged caused by the earthquake (in terms of both distance-based and per capita measures), accounting for the seismic profile and socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood. The article shows that the implementation of disaster-recovery policy explains part of this relationship. Moreover, voters were as electorally responsive to a future risk reduction strategy as to a reconstruction credit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avalanches are natural disasters with substantial human and economic consequences worldwide. Chile, a mountainous country, is particularly susceptible to these events. In this study, we employ a numerical technique based on the Saint-Venant system of differential equations and the well-balanced Finite Volume method with hydrostatic reconstruction to analyse snow avalanche behaviour, taking into account topography and friction as described by the Voellmy-Salm rheology model. The Rigopiano avalanche in Italy serves as a case study to test and validate our strategy, demonstrating the model's potential in simulating real-world avalanche events. The numerical model is thoroughly explained, and the results for the real avalanche case are presented visually, showing close alignment with field data and estimates from the literature. In conclusion, we highlight key findings, emphasize the importance of further research in avalanche modelling, and suggest the potential applications of these models for avalanche risk management in regions like Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TECHNO Review is the property of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Floods are the main natural disasters in Brazil, causing loss of life and socioeconomic damage. This work proposes a model for the remote detection of areas that are naturally flood-prone due to the morphometric characteristics of their relief and drainage networks in the Alto Sapucaí River in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The morphometric parameters used were the drainage density, river density, relief ratio, roughness index, maintenance coefficient, form factor and stream surface length. The risk areas had a compactness coefficient of 0.75 and a form factor of 0.56, and both were considered a high risk for floods. The obtained results allowed the identification of a significant predictive equation that suggested a cutoff value of 3.82 for the discriminant function; areas with values under this cutoff were considered naturally more vulnerable to floods occurrences. These areas were corroborated with the emergency maps of the municipalities. The map obtained by the proposed model was compared with the Civil Defense map, and its accuracy, according to the Kappa coefficient, was 0.83, indicating strong similarity between the two maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work applies a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the "Systematic Review Process to Software Engineering" methodology to determine if, in a natural disaster situation in the coastal city of Iquique, there are wireless communication technologies and protocols to permit the connectivity even if the communication is turn off. The SLR defines two questions. The first one aims to identify the most likely natural disaster situation for Iquique. The most common natural disaster situation was determined using information from the literature analyzed, along with its conditions, occurrence, and impact on the city. The second question depends on the answer to the first one and seeks to find the most suitable technology for the natural disaster situation obtained in the first question. The articles were classified based on their indexing and multi-phase review. The results show the most suitable technology available for mobile device communication considering the most frequent scenario of natural disasters in the city of Iquique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Natural catastrophes influence the progress of nursing. The largest recorded earthquake in the world occurred in the South of Chile and is documented as driving the development of nursing in the city of Valdivia, but not in similarly-affected places. Objective: To describe the impact of the mega-earthquake of 1960 in the development of professional nursing in Los Lagos. Methodology: qualitative-historical study. Snowball sampling. Data collection through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. Inclusion criteria: belonging to the health team of the place and period studied. Informants with cognitive deterioration were excluded. Thematic analysis was carried out. Atlas Ti version 8.3.0 was used. Study approved by ethics committee. Results: in 1960 there were no nurses in Los Lagos and the only hospital in the area was incapacitated. A field hospital was installed, and a new hospital was built with national and international help, which led to arrival of the earliest nurses. Conclusion: the mega-earthquake drove the improvement of health infrastructure and the subsequent arrival of the earliest nurses, which contributed to more complex local health services and raised the quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to natural disaster media coverage is associated with mental health problems, but its long-term impacts are still unclear. Also, no study has analysed the psychological impact of exposure to natural disaster media coverage among children who are generally sensitive to threatening events. Objective: We aimed to examine how television images of victims after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake were associated with mental health among children and their parents. Methods: In 2012, questionnaires for sociodemographic factors were distributed to 2053 families. Parents who provided written consent were contacted in 2013 and invited to provide information on mental health problems (outcome) and retrospectively provide information on television watching at the time of the earthquake (exposure). We used data from 159 parents who completed the survey as the final sample. We used a dichotomous variable to evaluate exposure to media coverage. Multivariable regression was used to examine the association between exposure to television images of victims and mental health, adjusting for potential confounders. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Results: Exposure to television images of victims was significantly associated with worse psychopathology among children (β, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.07–2.96) and greater psychological distress among their parents (β, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.28–2.70). Child psychopathology and parental psychological distress were significantly correlated (r = 0.36, p <.001). Conclusions: Exposure to television images of disaster victims may produce long-term impacts on mental health among children and their parents. To reduce the likelihood of mental health problems associated with disasters, clinicians may recommend reducing exposure to television images of victims. Television images of victims after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake were associated with worse psychopathology among children in 2013, adjusted for potential confounders. Similar associations were found in psychological distress among their parents. Child psychopathology and parental psychological distress were correlated with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Psicologia, Diversidade e Saúde is the property of Revista Psicologia, Diversidade e Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Microfinance Planning & Control is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Roca: Revista Científico-Educacional de la Provincia de Granma is the property of Universidad de Granma, Departamento Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines and evaluates how the government communicated the volcanic eruption that occurred in La Palma (Spain) in 2021. For that purpose, SCCT and the SMCC models were used to perform a content analysis of the online communication approach followed on Twitter by Cabildo de La Palma (@CabLaPalma), 112 Canarias (@112canarias), and the Spanish Home Office (@interiorgob). Findings suggest that these three institutions aligned their communications by using complementary strategies, message framings and styles to successfully handle the crisis. However, this study also highlights areas of improvement in the approaches taken by these three public entities.

La evaluación integral del riesgo de desastres proporciona información sobre los potenciales efectos adversos que podrían condicionar los procesos de la ciudad, debido a la interacción y contribución de sus componentes en el desarrollo de escenarios de peligrosidad y vulnerabilidad. Analizando las amenazas más relevantes del entorno urbano, identificando las vulnerabilidades de los elementos críticos para el desarrollo de la ciudad y la exposición de los elementos a las amenazas, este estudio se enfoca en la comprensión y evaluación holística del riesgo de desastres de la ciudad de Azogues en Ecuador, con el fin de proporcionar información al gobierno local, a las instituciones y a la población. Se trata de orientar para la toma de decisiones en la planificación urbana y la gestión del riesgo de desastres durante todas sus etapas. Para ello se aplicó una metodología semicuantitativa basada en el Método de Análisis de Decisión Multi-criterio y, dentro de éste, el método “Analytic Hierarchy Process”. También se utilizó el enfoque heurístico y los Sistemas de Información Geográfica y sus herramientas. En los resultados se determinó que algunos elementos relacionados a los sectores salud, educación y suministro presentan ciertas vulnerabilidades, aunque éstas no están asociadas a la exposición a las amenazas. Con relación a las amenazas más relevantes, aproximadamente el 7% y el 33% del área total de estudio presentan niveles altos de peligrosidad a deslizamientos e incendios forestales. Finalmente, se estableció que los factores más importantes que inciden sobre los deslizamientos son los aspectos geológicos y la pendiente del terreno; y en los incendios forestales la cobertura del suelo (vegetación) y la radiación.

Cada año en el mundo se pierden miles de vidas como consecuencia de desastres naturales, muchos de ellos derivados por el desconocimiento de los fenómenos y otros por la realidad social existente, por estos causales, este articulo procura reflexionar sobre la vulnerabilidad humana ante los desastres naturales, desde la perspectiva socio-comunicacional, tomando como referencia algunas consideraciones en Perú. Para ello, se usó la metodología documental de la fenomenología asumiendo una postura heurística del campo de la racionalidad crítica. Los hallazgos permitieron determinar «sine controversia» que los fenómenos naturales son irreducibles, por tanto, un sistema de gestión de desastre centrado en un enfoque socio-comunicacional permitirá reducir la vulnerabilidad, fundamentado en la comunicación en masa para educar al ciudadano, sistemas de información tecnológica para reducir las tensiones durante la catástrofe y un modelo de información social de emergencia para la recuperación del territorio impactado con resiliencia comunitaria. Estos elementos deben ser considerados para reorganizar la política comunicacional de gestión de desastres que lleva a cabo el SINAGERD en el Perú

Fundamento: la superación docente sobre gestión de riesgo de desastres naturales en ciencias médicas de Cienfuegos se ha caracterizado por el insuficiente tratamiento de su contenido en la actividad profesional, a pesar de ser una temática de marcada importancia, concedida tanto a nivel nacional como internacional.Objetivo: diseñar un curso de superacion en gestión de riesgo frente a desastres naturales dirigido a los docentes de ciencias médicas.Métodos: investigación pedagógica realizada en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en el curso 2020-2021. Se realizó el diagnóstico de las necesidades de aprendizaje, se diseñó el curso y fue sometido a validación por expertos. Se impartió a un grupo de docentes que presentaron tesinas al finalizar el curso. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico como el analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico, y del nivel empírico la modelación y la encuesta.Resultados: el curso fue estructurado en cinco temas que incluyeron los problemas relacionados con la identificación, el análisis y evaluación de riesgo, como parte de los pasos necesarios para comprender la gestión del riesgo y el aprendizaje de sus tres etapas: proactiva correctiva y reactiva. Los expertos lo consideraron factible, pertinente y de elevada calidad. Los cursistas presentaron tesinas con gran rigor científico metodológico que sirvieron de plataforma en proyectos investigativos y trabajos de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad.Conclusiones: el curso contribuyó al incremento de los conocimientos de los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en cuanto a la gestion de riesgo de desastres.

La investigación se enfoca en analizar las narrativas transmedia al momento de informar sobre un terremoto desde un medio de comunicación digital nacional y un medio internacional; también se examina el impacto de la red social Facebook al difundir el acontecimiento. El objetivo es comparar el contenido generado a partir del terremoto del 16 de abril del 2016 en Ecuador mediante el uso de herramientas transmedia en los diarios El Comercio (Ecuador) y El País (España), y en la red social Facebook. Se pretende conocer el rol de la audiencia como prosumidores de información. La metodología aplicada fue mixta, cualitativa y cuantitativa; la muestra analizada fue de 1126 piezas informativas del diario El Comercio, 44 del diario El País y 1155 menciones de Facebook. La necesidad de educar e informar a los ciudadanos sobre la prevención de las consecuencias de los desastres naturales y el tratamiento que dan los medios digitales de comunicación justifica el estudio. La importancia de contar con medidas de prevención hace de esta investigación un aporte para la ciudadanía. La narrativa periodística se fortalece en la variedad de recursos que permiten retratar una historia en diversos contextos; como se muestra en esta investigación, los recursos más utilizados siguen siendo la fotografía y el video.

Objective: We assess the impact of 2016 Hurricane Earl on consumption and prices, two main variables to understand effects for economics. Methodology: In order to test how public policy soften economic impacts, we conduct a natural experiment and analyze data by using a difference-in-differencesapproach. Results: We learn that economic impacts, produced by Earl, is not properly softened, by public intervention. Households indeed decrease consumption to compensate income shocks after disasters. We found evidence of prices decreasing after disasters. Limitations: Because we started field research 6 days after the hurricane exposure, it is probably that we did not capture whole short-term effects; additionally, we do not know anything about medium-term effects, suggesting the need of return to the field research after some months. Conclusions: A reduction in prices followed by a reduction in consumption suggests short-term welfare losses, which could not be compensated by the million-dollar intervention of public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas (17949998) is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Facultad de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to address some relevant aspects of the study of risk management and vulnerability to the danger of natural disasters as an important content in the conformation of a pedagogical conception that allows the university teacher, in the first place, the construction of knowledge and therefore perception risk in such a way that it is understood and incorporated into the teaching-learning process from different disciplines, so as to generate interest and motivation in students, to learn significantly so that it is contained in all university careers. In addition, it reflects how from a novel and active methodology with the contents of the topic, from the components that intertwine the life of the university student in order to solve problems in a creative way expanding their potentialities as an individual and social being, they can prepare for the management of risks in the face of danger of natural disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo considera las representaciones e ideología como aspectos integrales a la creación de un desastre producido por un evento natural a partir del análisis antropológico del huracán Katrina. Los desastres no son solo una disrupción sino que ilustran el orden socio-cultural normal. Analiza las conexiones entre políticas e ideologías neoliberales y la producción de la vulnerabilidad antes del huracán y las representaciones y respuestas después. Valores culturales estadounidenses forman parte de la ideología neoliberal y dieron forma a las experiencias del huracán.

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural disasters are phenomena associated with various factors, among which the strictly climatological ones and those accentuated by human intervention stand out. They signify a break in the social, community and individual order that, in addition to altering daily life, exposes human vulnerability, intensified through economic changes caused by unforeseen events. Therefore, focused on the hermeneutic-documentary method, the article analyzes the impact of natural disasters, articulating qualitative factors that impact the population, the environment and the community. From a philosophical point of view, it is intended to stimulate theoretical reflection, to give a more human and humanizing perspective, aimed at an inclusive, critical environmental education, based on the principles of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research analyzes the advantages that participatory democracy demonstrates as a model of horizontal political management in the face of natural disasters; enabling the sustainability of decent ways of life. The dialogical confluence, far beyond forming pertinent skills in the face of emergencies, makes it possible to jointly face the many difficulties that the current civilizational model causes. It demonstrates the crises derived from socioeconomic structures that try to maintain high levels of production over time without meeting the limits that reality presents; for this reason, it insists on the use of dialogue as a timely concurrence of subjectivities in order to coordinate effective strategies. It is a bibliographical study from the rationalist approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the teaching improvement on natural disaster risk management in medical sciences in Cienfuegos has been characterized by insufficient treatment of its content in professional activity, despite being an importance subject, granted both nationally and internationally. Objective: to design a course of improvement in risk management against natural disasters aimed at medical sciences teachers. Methods: pedagogical research carried out at the Cienfuegos Faculty of Medical Sciences in the 2020-2021 academic year. The learning needs diagnosis was carried out, the course was designed and it was submit to validation by experts. It was given to a group of teachers who presented thesis at the end of the course. Methods of the theoretical level such as analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical, and of the empirical level modeling and survey were used. Results: the course was structured in five topics that included problems related to risk identification, analysis and evaluation, as part of the necessary steps to understand risk management and learning its three stages: proactive, corrective and reactive. The experts considered it feasible, relevant and of high quality. The students presented thesis with great scientific methodological rigor that served as a platform in research projects and works on science, technology and society. Conclusions: the course contributed to increase the teachers' knowledge of the Cienfuegos Medical Sciences Faculty regarding disaster risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster risk is a social process characterized by the coincidence, at the same time and place, of potentially dangerous physical phenomena and socioeconomic elements exposed to these phenomena in a condition of vulnerability. Therefore, forces derived from society and nature are at work in determining the existence of risk and its levels. Neither of these two elements are stable or permanent over time. They undergo continuous changes and variations. In this sense, this work presents a system dynamics simulation model of the degree of preparedness in the disaster risk management process at the level of an autonomous community. All this with the aim of raising awareness of the problematic of the social and economic impact of this type of physical phenomena. This model is applied to the context of the Filomena storm (natural disaster that took place in Spain on January 7, 2021) in order to validate its usefulness in a real case study. The model is implemented in two simulations and results are compared. In the first simulation, actual data associated with the policies, reports and descriptions of the community of Madrid during the 120 days prior to the event are introduced according to certain variables within the Sendai risk reduction framework (forecast errors, available information, CO2 emissions, recycling and commodity index prices). With that, the value " of the "Degree of Preparedness" achieved by the capital before the storm is obtained. In the second simulation, these input variables of the model are modified to analyze the effect it would have had on the "Degree of Preparedness". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura del Problema de Ruteo de Vehículos (VRP) aplicado a desastres naturales en Sudamérica. La revisión se enfoca en los últimos diez años (2009 - 2019), en bases de datos de libre acceso y de pago. el 83% están en idioma español y el 17% en ingles. La mayoría de trabajos tratan el envío y entrega de productos, en menor proporción existen trabajos sobre el problema de programación y ruteo de personal, como por ejemplo, voluntarios, especialistas en logística humanitaria, personal medico, militares. En la revisión se han tomado en cuenta diversas características del problema, tales como, el tipo de desastre, el modelo VRP utilizado, el método de solución empleado, la utilización o no de parámetros con incertidumbre. El 65% de investigaciones se encontró en bases de datos de acceso libre, el 83%son modelos deterministas, el modelo mas utilizado es el VRP clásico, los métodos de solución exactos son los mas utilizados, le siguen las metaheurísticas (principalmente los algoritmos genéticos). Se espera que este trabajo sirva para dar una perspectiva general sobre la aplicación del VRP a problemas de desastres, así mismo de servir de antecedentes para trabajos en esta temática.

This essay uses the EM-DAT database and individual-level data from AmericasBarometer survey to characterize the citizen assessment on government performance after a natural disaster in Latin America. The analysis shows that the death toll and damages due to natural disasters occurred in the last six decades have been mainly provoked by earthquakes, floods, droughts, and hurricanes. In turn, the likelihood of vulnerability in the aftermath of natural disasters is higher than 60%, exhibits a downward trend, and is heterogenous among Latin American countries. Finally, Latin American public opinion assigns itself a larger responsibility regarding government for the occurrence of climatological- and hydrological-related disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los desastres naturales generan profundas alteraciones socio-económicas en las comunidades afectadas. Una metodología consistente que permita cuantificar sus impactos es fundamental para la implementación de políticas de adaptación y mitigación. El objetivo de este trabajo es brindar una revisión sistemática de las metodologías existentes para cuantificar el impacto económico derivado de la ocurrencia de desastres naturales. Para ello, se recurre a una búsqueda por palabras claves en dos motores de búsqueda (Scopus y Science Direct). Los resultados sugieren la existencia de amplias diferencias entre propuestas metodológicas. La consideración del daño físico (efecto directo) es más frecuente que el impacto sobre los flujos productivos (efecto indirecto). La destrucción del ambiente natural (pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos) no suele ser incluida. En el contexto de cambio climático global, estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de contar con una metodología consistente.

El artículo describe y analiza, a través del estudio de casos, la relación que existe entre los desastres naturales, las campañas políticas y los resultados electorales en América Latina. Se parte de la hipótesis de que los desastres naturales generan una serie de daños materiales y pérdidas para el ser humano, mismos que son utilizados tanto por los partidos gobernantes como por sus opositores (en tiempos electorales) para tratar de obtener un beneficio político. Se concluye, por un lado, que, debido al calentamiento global y la destrucción del medio ambiente, los desastres naturales y sus consecuencias perniciosas se incrementarán en el futuro, generando a la sociedad más daños no solo de carácter económico, sino también afectando los sistemas políticos y generando condiciones propicias para la alternancia de los grupos y partidos en el poder. Y por el otro, que la mala gestión de la crisis por parte de gobernantes en turno, generan procesos de alternancia política (en la que el partido político o coalición gobernante pierde las elecciones), mientras que la buena gestión de los desastres genera las condiciones para que, en tiempo electorales, los ciudadanos apoyen la continuidad de los partidos en el gobierno.

La presente investigación está relacionada al cada vez más creciente interés respecto a la prevención de desastres. Los desastres naturales traen consigo una serie de problemáticas que si no se enfrenta adecuadamente desde los espacios de socialización como la escuela y la familia tendrán mayores perjuicios y ocasionará un gran impacto en la sociedad. Siendo necesario establecer el impacto que tiene la gestión de riesgos en la prevención de desastres en la Escuela de Educación Básica Fiscal Manuel Sandoval Simbal de Guayaquil.

Si bien la literatura de desastres naturales ha evidenciado un amplio consenso sobre los efectos negativos que estos shocks ocasionan a corto plazo sobre el desarrollo individual, sus consecuencias de largo plazo aún son materia de debate. En este trabajo se brinda una revisión de la literatura sobre este tópico. Si bien los resultados confirman una amplia heterogeneidad en la literatura empírica (según el tipo de desastre, país o región de análisis y horizonte temporal considerado), la mayor parte de los trabajos considerados tiende a reportar hallazgos consistentes con la idea de persistencia en el largo plazo de los efectos negativos. Así, surge que la exposición a desastres tiende a incrementar persistentemente la probabilidad de ser pobre o estar desempleado, de tener un bajo logro educativo, bajos ingresos o un deteriorado estatus de salud. De los hallazgos de esta revisión surgen cuatro recomendaciones de política. Primero, cada grupo de desastres provoca efectos diferentes y esto debe ser considerado en la implementación de acciones de preparación y mitigación. Segundo, las embarazadas y niños en sus primeros meses de vida (especialmente en los primeros 1000 días) deben ser especialmente protegidos, dado que los efectos de largo plazo se concentran en este subgrupo. Tercero, debido a que una mejora en la infraestructura básica reduce el riesgo de desastre, las acciones de preparación y mitigación frente a desastres deben entenderse en forma complementaria a aquellas de reducción de la pobreza. Cuarto, la política pública debe incorporar explícitamente la dimensión de género.