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Research on skilled migration has grown substantially in recent years. Drawing on 58 in-depth interviews with skilled Americans in China, this paper explores how the intersectionality of race, gender, and citizenship shapes their occupational and social mobility, and whether these two forms of mobility align. The findings suggest that skilled migrants’ social identities simultaneously create both advantages and disadvantages in their occupational and social mobility. I coined the term ‘glass box’ to describe their experiences: while many enjoyed enhanced occupational mobility, they eventually hit a ‘glass ceiling’ that blocked access to top positions and faced ‘glass walls’ that pigeonholed them into a narrow range of occupations. However, their social identities also brought privileges, forming a ‘glass floor’ that protected them from employment precarity. Their social mobility, extending beyond occupational mobility, improved to varying degrees after migration to China but declined rapidly and unexpectedly following the outbreak of COVID-19. While changes to skilled Americans’ occupational and social mobility aligned most of the time, there were notable exceptions where these two forms of mobility shifted in opposite directions. Such contradictory experiences highlight the persistent structural barriers that shape their professional and social trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the aftermath of World War I, U.S. discourse was animated by the concern that demobilized soldiers, having experienced the world outside of their hometowns, would resist returning to farms and to their preinduction occupations. Did military service really encourage an occupational shift? Were rural individuals especially susceptible to and was emplacement in foreign locales especially culpable for this change, as popular culture suggested? Focusing on North Dakota, a state with unusually detailed World War I records, this article uses a novel linked census–military data set and statistical analysis to examine how individuals' place-based military experience might have inflected their postwar occupational mobility. Whereas univariate models support the contemporary perception that farm boys with overseas service were less likely to remain in agriculture, increasingly complex models suggest more nuanced interpretations, with civilian individual and contextual characteristics and their interaction being significantly predictive of farm leaving. Addressing substantive gaps in World War I historiography by contextualizing neglected subpopulations, this research also shows the value of using quantitative methods to engage with critical military geographies. Operationalizing theories of place–individual co-constitution through the analysis of longitudinal, individual data demonstrates how interest in soldiers' experiences and in the spatiotemporally distant effects of war can be productively intertwined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente artículo forma parte de una investigación so - ciocultural que tiene como objetivo explicar el proceso de la movilidad ocupacional de los jóvenes en el sector cuenta propia del Consejo Popular “Centro Histórico” de Cienfuegos. La investigación acción permite adentrarse a las dinámicas actuales de cambio ocupacional de los jóve - nes a partir de la diversificación de la sociedad cubana; las condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales de Cienfuegos y su ciudad; así como los valores adscritos de la propia juventud. A través de un enfoque integral con el uso del método estudio de caso único y técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas; se identifican los principales desplazamien - tos del sector cuenta propia. El estudio resulta novedoso porque la hibridación entre economía, cultura y sociedad resulta un reto en la conservación patrimonial de la Perla del Sur y construye una visión novedosa de juventud. Entre los resultados destacan los desplazamientos ascendentes, en el orden socioeconómico, de la juventud hacia el sector cuenta propia que provienen fundamentalmente de ocu - paciones socio profesionales del sector estatal. El Centro Histórico de Cienfuegos se reconfigura con la recepción de una fuerza laboral con capacidades creadas y valores formados por el sistema socialista cubano.

El artículo analiza el comportamiento de la crisis económica en las trayectorias laborales de colombianos en Madrid, examinando los dos segmentos del mercado de trabajo español. Recurriendo al método biográfico, se constata que la crisis irrumpe como elemento definitivo en el re-direccionamiento laboral. Dicha dinámica se muestra tanto para trabajadores del segundo segmento laboral, como para aquellos ubicados en el segmento primario, desarrollando distintas estrategias que permiten para unos, resistir las inclemencias del ciclo económico, y para otros, superar estos obstáculos. El capital social y la situación administrativa se muestran como mecanismos decisivos para afrontar este contexto.

A la luz del análisis de las coyunturas de auge y crisis de la caficultura nacional, entre 1980 y 2008, se desarrolla un estudio de caso en el cantón de Naranjo, Alajuela, con el propósito de valorar el impacto de dichos procesos socioeconómicos en las continuidades y rupturas en las tradiciones ocupacionales y su incidencia en las experiencias y constitución de las identidades de las y los jóvenes de la zona. Para tales efectos, se ejecuta una estrategia metodológica que propone el estudio de la historia del presente, por medio de la valoración de tres generaciones coexistentes en la zona, para la comprensión de sus encuentros y conflictividades. Producto de este ejercicio comparativo se esbozarán recomendaciones para la ejecución de políticas públicas inclusivas para las y los jóvenes, que estimulen la activa participación ciudadana, el empoderamiento y la búsqueda de soluciones a las problemáticas que afectan a este segmento en particular de la población.

En el presente trabajo se analiza el nivel de movilidad social intrageneracional e intergeneracional de uno de los grupos migrantes más antiguos de Cataluña, el valenciano, comparándolo con el resto de los grupos migrantes del resto de España. Dicho colectivo, a pesar de compartir algunos rasgos socioculturales e históricos con la población de Cataluña y de ser el más importante en dicho territorio hasta la década de 1930, no ha sido objeto de atención por parte de los académicos. La fuente principal utilizada ha sido la Encuesta Sociodemográfica de 1991. Para el análisis de la movilidad intrageneracional, se analizan las trayectorias laborales y económicas antes y después de migrar y, para el análisis de la movilidad intergeneracional, se utilizan tablas de entrada y de salida, así como una regresión multinomial y binomial. Los resultados apuntan a un mayor ascenso social de los valencianos en comparación con el resto de grupos migrantes, aunque algunos, como los castellanoleoneses o los aragoneses, se sitúan en niveles parecidos en algunas dimensiones de la movilidad.

The article analyzes the behavior of the economic crisis in the labor trajectories of Colombians in Madrid, by examining the two segments of the Spanish labor market. By using the biographical method, it is found that the crisis breaks as a definitive element in labor redirection. This dynamic is shown both for workers in the second labor segment, as well as for those located in the primary segment, by developing different strategies, which allow for some, to resist the inclement conditions of the economic cycle, and for others, to overcome these hurdles. The social capital and administrative situation are shown as decisive mechanisms to deal with this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research on the relationship between reproductive work and women´s life trajectories including the experience of labour migration has mainly focused on the case of relatively young mothers who leave behind, or later re-join, their children. While it is true that most women migrate at a younger age, there are a significant number of cases of men and women who move abroad for labour purposes at a more advanced stage, undertaking a late-career migration. This is still an under-estimated and under-researched sub-field that uncovers a varied range of issues, including the global organization of reproductive work and the employment of migrant women as domestic workers late in their lives. By pooling the findings of two qualitative studies, this article focuses on Peruvian and Ukrainian women who seek employment in Spain and Italy when they are well into their forties, or older. A commonality the two groups of women share is that, independently of their level of education and professional experience, more often than not they end up as domestic and care workers. The article initially discusses the reasons for late-career female migration, taking into consideration the structural and personal determinants that have affected Peruvian and Ukrainian women’s careers in their countries of origin and settlement. After this, the focus is set on the characteristics of domestic employment at later life, on the impact on their current lives, including the transnational family organization, and on future labour and retirement prospects. Apart from an evaluation of objective working and living conditions, we discuss women’s personal impressions of being domestic workers in the context of their occupational experiences and family commitments. In this regard, women report varying levels of personal and professional satisfaction, as well as different patterns of continuity-discontinuity in their work and family lives, and of optimism towards the future. Divergences could be, to some extent, explained by the effect of migrants´ transnational social practices and policies of states.

The article explores the characteristics of the incorporation of South American immigrants in Santiago. Based on survey data, the analysis focused on the importance of using networks at the time of arriving in the city and looking for work, and the trajectories of occupational mobility of immigrants in relation to their positions in origin. The results shows the key role of social capital in the processes of incorporation into the city, the existence of differentiated and heterogeneous incorporation trajectories among the different national groups, and the presence of a segmented U-shaped pattern of occupational mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entre la comunidad académica existe una intensa y fructífera discusión sobre cómo la tecnología afecta a la evolución del empleo en España. Mientras que algunos investigadores describen un mejoramiento ocupacional, otros observan una polarización en el mercado laboral español. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar formalmente la conexión entre los diferentes resultados mostrados por los investigadores y las diferencias en sus metodologías aplicadas para así poder entender la estructura laboral en España.

En este artículo se estudia el acceso a la ocupación para aquellos que logran salir del desempleo. En concreto, se pretende conocer qué factores explican las diferencias iniciales halladas entre extranjeros y españoles y, al mismo tiempo, averiguar en qué medida la coyuntura económica reduce o incrementa la brecha inicial entre ambos colectivos. Para ello se han utilizado los ficheros de flujos de la Encuesta de Población Activa desde 2005 hasta 2010. Los análisis de regresión logística muestran que la ocupación en la que se trabajó por última vez tiene una influencia notable. No obstante, una vez controladas todas las variables del estudio, los extranjeros de la UE15 continúan teniendo mayor probabilidad que los españoles de escapar del desempleo a costa de ocupar las posiciones más bajas del sistema productivo, con independencia del contexto económico. En cuanto al riesgo de descender de ocupación respecto a la última vez en la que se trabajó, este es igual en términos brutos para todos los colectivos nacionales, pero no cuando se tienen en cuenta las características sociodemográficas y la situación profesional antes de estar desocupado.

El diagnóstico de la sociedad chilena como "desigual pero fluida" (Torche 2005) que caracteriza la visión actual de la movilidad social fue contrastado con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Estratificación Social (ENES) aplicada en 2009, lo cual permite apreciar la evolución de la movilidad social intergeneracional a lo largo de la década. El artículo modela las pautas de movilidad ocupacional replicando el modelo de fluidez constante de Erikson y Goldthorpe (1992), así como su adaptación a Chile por Torche. Los resultados que se presentan discrepan de los obtenidos por él pues nuestro análisis muestra mayor rigidez en el régimen de movilidad, especialmente por el peso de las barreras jerárquicas y sectoriales. Dado el peso de la jerarquía y la superposición de ésta con las barreras sectoriales se explora un modelo de movilidad “vertical”, el cual proporciona un ajuste satisfactorio en ambas muestras. Finalmente el artículo explora la asociación entre la dimensión vertical y los ingresos de los grupos ocupacionales. Estos hallazgos abren una nueva agenda de investigación respecto a las oportunidades que ofrece la sociedad chilena a sus integrantes.

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Los jóvenes constituyen el grupo que presenta mayores riesgos de salir de la ocupación no sólo como consecuencia de las características propias de estos trabajadores, sino también como resultado de los tipos de puestos de trabajo a los que acceden. Esta situación de elevada inestabilidad laboral podría a su vez afectar la trayectoria laboral posterior de quienes la transitan. En este trabajo se presenta una caracterización de la dinámica ocupacional reciente (2003-2010) en Argentina, enfocando el análisis en los jóvenes, comparándolos con el resto de los trabajadores. Para ello se emplearon datos de panel construidos a partir de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH-INDEC).

El tema de la movilidad ocupacional y social ha sido uno de los ejes de análisis privilegiados por la literatura latinoamericana sobre el trabajo doméstico remunerado. En la Argentina, las primeras interpretaciones se inscribían en problemáticas ligadas a la migración campo-ciudad. La inserción en el servicio doméstico era concebida como una primera ocupación, de carácter transitorio, que debía desembocar en la búsqueda de otras formas de trabajo asalariado. En las últimas décadas, este enfoque ha sido modificado por diferentes investigaciones que muestran que la movilidad hacia otros sectores de actividad es escasa entre las mujeres que se insertan en el servicio doméstico, que daría lugar a una movilidad estrictamente horizontal. Sobre la base de un estudio cualitativo, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el rol que cumple el empleo doméstico en las trayectorias laborales y sociales de las mujeres que lo ejercen. Veremos que muchas de las empleadas domésticas entrevistadas durante el trabajo de campo han permanecido gran parte de su vida activa dentro de esta forma de empleo. El análisis de diferentes carreras laborales nos permitirá abordar los factores que organizan la movilidad interna y sus efectos sobre la experiencia cotidiana de trabajo.Social and career mobility has been long one of the most important and frequent topics in Latin American studies of paid domestic labor. In Argentina, the first investigations focused on the aspects related to the migration from rural to urban areas. In these studies, domestic service jobs were usually interpreted as a first and transitional working experience that should lead to other jobs or positions in the labor market. In the last decades, this interpretation has been questioned by different studies showing the lack of or scarce mobility from domestic service to other types of jobs or professions. This also would confirm the observation that mobility occur within the domestic service itself. Based on a qualitative research, the main purpose of this article is to analyze the role of the domestic labor in the general working trajectories of women employed in that field. The findings presented in this article suggest that many of the women employed in domestic service remain most of their working lives within this type of employment. By means of the analysis of their working trajectories, this article reflects on those labor aspects related to the organization of career mobility and its effects on the daily experience of work.

Durante el período tardo-colonial, numerosos españoles inmigraron a Buenos Aires alentados por la prosperidad económica de la región rioplatense. La mayoría se mantuvo entre los sectores medios y bajos de la sociedad, formando parte de las clases populares rioplatenses: eran soldados, marineros, artesanos, ocupaban un puesto menor en la burocracia, y sobre todo, fueron pequeños comerciantes. Sus vidas en el Río de la Plata estuvieron signadas por una fuerte movilidad espacial y ocupacional, especialmente en los primeros años posteriores a su llegada. En este trabajo se estudia este último aspecto de sus experiencias migratorias, para lo cual se analizan padrones de población y fuentes judiciales.During the late colonial period, numerous Spaniards immigrated to Buenos Aires, encouraged by the economic prosperity of the River Plate region. The vast majority belonged to the popular classes: they were soldiers, sailors, artisans, filled the low ranks of the bureaucracy and, most of them, were small merchants. Their lives in the River Plate were characterized by a strong spatial and occupational mobility, specially during the first years after their arrival. This paper analyzes this aspect of their migratory experiences through the study of population records and criminal procedures.

El artículo presenta la evolución y características actuales de la emigración colombiana radicada en España, utilizando la información de fuentes oficiales, en especial una explotación —con datos inéditos— de la Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes de 2007. Entre otras cuestiones analiza la importancia de los vínculos transnacionales en el inicio del tránsito migratorio y en la situación actual, y revisa la inserción laboral en origen y destino, estudiando los procesos de movilidad ocupacional.

The aim of this paper is to present a research on intergenerational occupational mobility in Spain. We use the Survey of Living Conditions (INE, 2011) that allows us to obtain occupational information about parents and sons. Traditionally the comparison between occupation origin (parents) and destination (children) has been performed using male population. Then, our question is: How are the results about social mobility in Spain when the female population is included in Origin and Destination? As a result we show that the inclusion of women in models of social mobility change the usual conclusion about the constant fluidity over time. There is greater fluidity, not invariant over time, that reveals the new role that women have been acquiring in our society in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the occupational mobility experienced following migration by migrants who are university graduates or postgraduates who completed their studies before their arrival in Spain. To do so, we compared the first job they obtained in Spain with the last one held before leaving their country of origin. We identify three different types of mobility: downward mobility, lateral mobility, and upward mobility. Finally, we used logistic regression models to identify the strongest predictors of the three types of mobility previously classified. The empirical analysis was carried out using data from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey (ENI) of 2007, including information about some 15 000 individuals. Our attention will be focused on the 2 425 skilled migrants from this survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación Económica is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study examines the occupational and generational mobility of communication studies graduates from the Universidad del Altiplano [University of the Altiplano], located in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico, taking into account their date of graduation and gender. The analysis of the information, from a study of career paths, identified four types of mobility: intragenerational mobility, intergenerational mobility, internal mobility and external mobility. The results allow us to observe that most of the graduates with a major in communication sciences have had little mobility. However, occupational mobility is greater in graduates who have spent more time in the job market, particularly women. Meanwhile, generational mobility shows the importance of women for family support and highlights the differences between parents and children in level of academic training, even though their incomes are similar.

La posibilidad de movilidad ascendente de la población inmigrante es un factor importante a la hora de explicar su integración social. Asimismo, a nivel individual, la expectativa de movilidad puede contribuir a aumentar o disminuir la incertidumbre socioeconómica. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la movilidad ocupacional vertical de la inmigración. Tratamos de explicar cuales son las variables clave en el acceso de los inmigrantes a los salarios altos. Una regresión logística nos permite ver como interactúan las variables individuales, como la antigu?edad y el nivel de estudios, con las variables estructurales, como el tamaño de la empresa y el sector de actividad. Además, un análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples nos permite agrupar todas las variables y ofrecer una tipología que clasifica las trayectorias laborales con arreglo a la segmentación del mercado de trabajo.

Este artículo examina los patrones de movilidad laboral de las mujeres brasileñas residentes en España desde una perspectiva de género. El objetivo de la investigación es identificar cuáles son las principales características de estas mujeres, así como analizar, desde una aproximación cualitativa, los principales factores (externos e internos, estructurales y personales) que condicionan sus trayectorias de movilidad ocupacional en España. El análisis se enmarca dentro de un proyecto de investigación más amplio, titulado Los inmigrantes brasileños en la estructura socioeconómica española financiado por el Observatorio Permanente de Inmigración (Ministerio de Trabajo e Inmigración) y realizado durante el período 2008-2009.

Literature regarding immigrant economic integration tends to highlight a U-shaped economic mobility pattern. Our article challenges this argument based on labor market segmentation theories and an occupational mobility analysis made from a "class structure" perspective. Data from the 2007 National Immigrant Survey in Spain was used to create mobility tables indicating immigrants' occupational mobility fl uidity from their last employment in their country of origin to their fi rst employment in Spain (n = 7,280), and from their fi rst employment in Spain to their current employment (n = 4,031), estimating odds ratios in order to examine the relative mobility. Two labor market segments were identified as having frequent occupational mobility within them and limited mobility outside of them. Our analysis suggests the existence of a segmented U-shaped pattern of immigrant occupational mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the occupational and generational mobility of communication studies graduates from the Universidad del Altiplano [University of the Altiplano], located in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico, taking into account their date of graduation and gender. The analysis of the information, from a study of career paths, identified four types of mobility: intragenerational mobility, intergenerational mobility, internal mobility and external mobility. The results allow us to observe that most of the graduates with a major in communication sciences have had little mobility. However, occupational mobility is greater in graduates who have spent more time in the job market, particularly women. Meanwhile, generational mobility shows the importance of women for family support and highlights the differences between parents and children in level of academic training, even though their incomes are similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young workers present a higher risk of leaving a job in comparison with adults as a consequence of their own characteristics, but also because of the type of jobs they work at. This high occupational instability could negatively affect their future occupational paths. This paper presents a characterization of recent occupational mobility in Argentina (2003-2010), focusing on young workers. For this, panel data constructed with the micro-data of the Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH-INDEC) has been used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the relationship between employment in ethnic niches and socio-occupational mobility among Polish immigrants residing in the Community of Madrid. Based on survey data and in-depth interviews, the study combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The data shows that both Polish males and females are concentrated in two specific ethnic niches: construction and domestic service, respectively. In this context, socio-occupational upgrading is heavily conditioned by gender and depends on the allocation of productive and reproductive roles among men and women within households, as well as on the opportunity structures available within each ethnic niche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the social conditions of Colombian immigrants to Spain. It discusses their social mobility, considers their levels of assimilation into the Spanish workforce and explores the transnational migratory networks which have shaped the flow of Colombians to Spain. The author uses statistical information from a 2007 national survey of immigrants (Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes de 2007) to track various variables including region of origin, nationality under which they entered Spain and place of residence in Spain.

The work examined the key theoretical and empirical approaches of the new economic sociology refered to the social network theory, including, among others, the study of: i) the relationship between lies strength and social resources; ii) the effect of different kinds of ties on quality and prestige of the occupational status attained; iii) the different visions about the "strength of weak ties"; iv) the relationship between employment, inequality and social ties; and v) the interaction between employment, exclusion and social resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]