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The invention of the printing press in the 15th century revolutionized the way books were produced, making access to learning possible for anyone. In the 19th century, the library became an essential part of psychiatric institutions. Bibliotherapy is developed, which uses books to help people overcome certain problems. The reality offered by digital technology has opened a new era in the history of reading, fundamentally changing the way we read. The progress in communication technology in the 20th century leads to the emergence of the electronic book, thus information is made available online to the reader in a huge virtual library. Augmented reality is discovered, which manages to combine the two mediums, traditional and online, this being an interactive version of a real-world environment, achieved through digital visual elements, using holographic technology. Thanks to the images that come to life, involving more senses, the reader can reach a better understanding of the content. When access and availability are considered priorities, there is no doubt that electronic books are preferred, even though they cause fatigue and eye irritation. The physical book, on the other hand, is remarkably durable, does not need power or internet, can be edited in several editions, and continues to be valuable. In recent years, the demand for paper copies has become increasingly high, generating more than 150 billion dollars in revenue. Thus we ask ourselves the question regarding the survival of the printed book. The answer is, perhaps, surprising, but in an age of digital saturation, the traditional book has made a spectacular comeback in recent years, remaining, it seems, the preferred reading medium of true bibliomaniacs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Annual General Meeting of the Europeana Network, held between December 6-8, 2017 in Milano, Italy, was organized by the Europeana Foundation and hosted by the National Museum of Science and Technology "Leonardo da Vinci". The meeting provided a space for the experience exchange, a discussion forum for understanding the challenges of the information explosion and for seeking new strategies for libraries. The European Cultural Forum was also an important event which included a large amount of information of the most diverse cultural themes. The article presents the succession of the events and themes debated in the annual meeting and cultural forum, detailing the aspects of the projects, best practices and directions of the future development of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article continues the presentation of the printing workshops and paper mills in Sibiu, one of the oldest centres of the Romanian book publishing and journalism, with information about the work as printers, booksellers, publishers, and cultural animators carried out by Johann, Johann Petrus and Andreas Barth; Samuel Sárdi; Martin Hochmeister and Martin Hochmeister Jr. in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, as well as the most important works printed by them and their impact at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the plagiarism, in their policies regarding the ethics and academic conduct, the universities declare themselves against any form of plagiarism and stipulate severe penalties for those who commit it. This paper aims to highlight the differences of perspective between the most prestigious universities from Europe and the United States of America on this matter. Although all the analyzed universities consider the plagiarism, a deviation from the academic conduct, a crime that must be punished, the differences regard the essence of the action and the way in which is defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes basic approaches to resource management in the archival heritage collection of the National Library of Romania. Archival resources are described using the implementation of the UNIMARC format, a format that provides sufficient tools to preserve the hierarchical structure of archival descriptions and that can provide detailed material characteristics. At the same time, the workflow is presented in the elaboration of UNIMARC records for materials from the archival collection, including the general-to-specific description, using only data appropriate to the level to avoid redundancy, creation of access points by indexing on topics and creators, following the policy developed by the National Library. The improved user search interface is also presented, which includes both traditional library and archive resources, with specific options for each type of resource. Data elements are defined for archival description levels: fund -- series -- file -- tab/article/ item. In this sens, the article contains the descriptions of the fields and the rules for their completion, in the case of bibliographic records in UNIMARC format for archive collection (Annex 1), archive collection/series (Annex 2), archive file (Annex 3) and element/archive document (Annex 4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating cultural and educational centres is a very important aspect of the development of a society. We observe the presence of these centres all over the world, especially in large cities, where there is a larger population. What happens, however, to small communities, especially those that form outside their place of origin? How do they get the information they need to keep up to date with the cultural and educational development of the country where they left off? We find a relevant answer in Spain, more precisely in cities where Romanians have formed fairly large communities, such as Madrid, Valencia or Barcelona. Although, through a brief analysis of these communities, we can see that Romanians have managed to learn Spanish, there is also a desire to have access to language, literature and culture in Romania. Therefore, several institutions such as the Cervantes Institute or the Romanian Cultural Institute in Madrid, provide Romanians on Iberian territory with books, courses and other cultural and educational activities, and the Romanian communities organize and promote these actions. Are there also libraries and other similar cultural institutions in several parts of the peninsula, which makes us wonder how these Romanian cultural funds work in Spain? This paper will answer, among others, this question and will present the system and methods applied in promoting language, Romanian literature and culture within the Romanian cultural and educational centres on Hispanic territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Book donation is the oldest method of completing a library's collections but is still considered today an act of great generosity, of great interest to libraries, especially in recent years, when the total amounts allocated to the purchase of books are in a vertiginous decline. For the Philosophy Library, branch of the Central University Library "Mihai Eminescu" Iași, an important source of completing the collections is the documents entered free of charge in the library funds following remarkable donations from individuals or legal entities: donations coming from the headquarters, from various institutions, from authors (teaching staff, PhD students, writers), from students (to the final license/master) or from retired teachers. Of great importance are the considerable donations made by families who have inherited impressive libraries of university professors or cultural personalities. Every book donated to the Philosophy Branch is important, we can consider the value of the information it contains, the existence in the library collections, the bibliophile value, the prestige of the publishing house that printed it, the quality of the paper, autographs. All donations entered in the branch's collections contain publications relevant to the library profile; these donations have helped to enrich the Philosophy Branch's collections with some rare, valuable books, but of great importance is the fact that the donated titles, in most cases, did not exist in the library's collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two world wars marked the first half of the 20th century, affecting the entire life of Romanian and European society. Aware of the importance of reading as a major element in the modernization of Romanian society, the world of books and libraries underwent a period of development, with the establishment of libraries in villages and towns. In fact, in the first three decades of the last century, libraries were established all over the country. This paper refers to the situation of books and libraries in Mureș County in the period between the two world wars, focusing on the public library of the city of Târgu Mureș, the institution that today bears the name "Mureș County Library". When the library was opened, its collections, consisting exclusively of publications in Hungarian, were made up of donations from institutions and private individuals. As a result of the numerous donations received, in 1918, shortly after the opening of the library, the number of publications reached 11.000 volumes, in 1944 it exceeded 62.000 volumes, and today it has more than 900.000 inventory units and has become a true cultural centre of the community. The attention is also drawn to the personalities who, through their dedication and hard work, have left their mark on the evolution of this institution, the first directors of the library: Molnar Gabor and Aurel Filimon. The article outlines aspects related to the establishment and development of the current library of Mureș County and highlights the efforts of past generations of librarians to preserve and promote the cultural values held by this institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 9 to 11 September 2015, the XXVIth National Conference of the Romanian Librarians Association (RLA) was held in Iaşi, an anniversary event which brought together over 400 librarians, teachers, specialists of the domain, managers of infodocumentary structures, students and guests from abroad. The RLA awards and distinctions were given and, within the five divisions and 13 professional sections of RLA, about 70 scientific papers and professional projects were presented, followed by debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 79th edition of the IFLA Conference held in Singapore was organised under the motto Future Libraries: Infinite Possibilities. Hosted by the Suntec International Convention & Exhibition Centre, the conference included sessions, workshops, satellite meetings, exhibitions (library materials, audio-visual equipment, IT systems, library equipment, and published works). The official opening addresses were made by, among others Ambassador Chan Heng Chee (Are Libraries Ready for the Big Change?), Ingrid Parent, IFLA President-in- Office, Elain Ng, president of the IFLA National Committee 2013. The paper on Romanian libraries presented during the conference was Libraries Night: A Romanian Experience - an overview of the cultural activities organized by the Romanian libraries on the occasion of this event. The paper received a symbolic award from ALA. The Romanian delegation took part in sessions such as: Public Libraries (Session 137), Young Adults and Libraries: Innovation, Involvement, Self-realization (Session 140), OCLC - Industry Symposium (Session 178), Information for Development Action: Governments, Civil Society and Libraries - Government Information and Official Publication with Government Libraries (Session 221). The programme also included a cultural evening (during which the host country offers a sample of its traditions, customs, and cultural specificity), held on one of Sentosa Island beaches, visits to libraries (National Library of Singapore, Jurong Regional Library). The presence of Romanian librarians to such professional events should become a "compulsory exercise" as it proves some key directions of the Romanian librarianship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bibliography represents the "backbone" of any writing, whether it is a doctoral thesis or a simple paper. The lack of primary or elementary documents necessary to write a paper, as well as the lack of theoretical and sometimes practical documentation on a particular topic, associated with the lack of intellectual work techniques and the lack of writing skills, lead, in almost all cases, to plagiarism and non-value. The role of a reference librarian in university libraries, those whose specific users are students, master students, doctoral students, university / pre-university teachers and researchers is, first and foremost, one of training in the use and exploration of a library's resources. The future of the library is conditioned by the 3 major challenges of the moment: open access to information, intellectual property rights and interoperability. To meet these challenges, not only the role of the library needs to be carefully re-examined, but also that of librarians, who need to assess their traditional "status quo" and discover new methods of efficient communication, valorisation and dissemination of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the activity of printing workshops and paper mills in Sibiu, one of the oldest centres of the Romanian book publishing and journalism, reviewing the most important chronicles about the Romanians by Saxon of Transylvania authors. The Saxon of Transylvania historiography works of the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries are of great importance for the history of our country, because all of them contain references to Romanians and the Romanian territories beyond the mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public libraries have a special significance for the Finnish people and the favourable public opinion of libraries is also widely shared by the Finnish decision makers. The paper looks at Helsinki's new city library, the Helsinki Central Library Oodi, which was launched by the Finnish Ministry of Culture in 1998 and has opened its doors in December 2018. Located in the heart of the city opposite Parliament House, the Library has become one of the flagship projects celebrating the centenary of Finland's independence. This paper focuses on the practices of citizen participation which have been key in the planning of the library since its very beginnings, and considers how including the citizens and library users in planning the library's new services and functions has promoted grass roots democracy, openness, and a feeling of ownership of the new library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public libraries have a special significance for the Finnish people and the favourable public opinion of libraries is also widely shared by the Finnish decision makers. The paper looks at Helsinki's new city library, the Helsinki Central Library Oodi, which was launched by the Finnish Ministry of Culture in 1998 and has opened its doors in December 2018. Located in the heart of the city opposite Parliament House, the Library has become one of the flagship projects celebrating the centenary of Finland's independence. This paper focuses on the practices of citizen participation which have been key in the planning of the library since its very beginnings, and considers how including the citizens and library users in planning the library's new services and functions has promoted grass roots democracy, openness, and a feeling of ownership of the new library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces the Association of Library and Information Professionals of the Czech Republic, known as SKIP. First of all, it provides historical background and shows that the current association builds upon a rich history. It introduces the association's mission and goals, gives a brief overview of how SKIP works as an organization and brings answers to fundamental questions regarding membership in the organization. The paper also presents major activities or projects which SKIP focuses on. It touches on the subject of SKIP's cooperation with other associations and concludes with remarks on SKIP's future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals from a scientific perspective with the role played by the voivode of Wallachia, Constantin Brâncoveanu, in translating and printing books in Romanian. More than putting in the historical context the ruler's deeds, the paper addresses from an individual and group perspective what were the factors that led to the emergence of such a personality and why it was so motivated to support the evolution of the masses in the context of uncertain times. Another important aspect approached in this research is related to the evolution of the Romanian language and the analysis of the contribution of the Muntenian leader to its development and the highlighting of a "Brâncoveanu method" through which Wallachia benefited by a necessary evolution. The essential elements in Brâncoveanu's actions, captured in this article would be: translating and printing books, developing an elite school connected to Western values, drawn by first-rate intellectuals, supporting strategic thinking towards the development of the Romanian language using all possible resources, including marital alliances. All this made the quarter of a century in which Brâncoveanu led the destinies of the people from the lands of Muntenia to remain engraved in history as one of great significance, becoming a secular model. Constantin Basarab Brâncoveanu's legacy consists in printing houses, books, schools, clergy and laity more enlightened than they were until his accession to the throne, places of worship built or renovated and, most importantly, a Romanian leadership model, as authentic as it could be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One cannot talk about the cultural activity in the city on Milcov River, about the local cultural traditions, about the spiritual emulation and the contributions due to the Focșani intellectuals, without mentioning the local publishing activity. Of the more than 250 periodicals printed in Focșani from 1859 to 1943, more than half of which had an ephemeral appearance, most presented in their pages significant aspects of local cultural life, related to the general cultural evolution of the time. Most of them recorded the literary movement of the time, which they reflected from their positions and with the most diverse means. School literary magazines have occupied an important place in modern Romanian culture. Their purpose was, from the beginning, to stimulate the literary and scientific creation of students, under the guidance of their teachers, as well as that, so important, to put a brick in building the cultural unity of all Romanians, at a time when unjust borders separated them. From the occasional or ephemeral paper, to the magazines whose significance steadily exceeded the local, provincial framework, being part of a more comprehensive cultural area, with certain orientations towards the general issue of Romanian culture, Focșani, a small provincial town, had a lively and intense editorial activity, in close connection with the events that marked its existence over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the online transparency of the reference services on the websites of the Romanian university libraries. Investigations have been carried out in order to identify the presence of a webpage dedicated to reference services and an organizational structure encompassing the reference activity, the types of reference services provided and the tools created for remote users. The data collected demonstrate a poor representation of the reference services on these websites and a slow pace of their development in line with the current requirements. The presence of web 2.0 services is also not gratifying, on the most popular social platforms we discover more the university and less the library. We have distinguished a small number of library guides, usually written in text format. In most of cases, they refer to listing steps which might solve a specific situation (creating an account, accessing the library, etc.). This analysis is an opportunity for reflection for the Romanian university libraries that must focus their efforts on reviving and rethinking the reference services, so as to align them with the users' needs and trends encountered internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academician Eugen Simion, President of the Department of Philology and Literature of the Romanian Academy, in the solemn meeting of December 12, 2019 of the General Assembly of the Romanian Academy, announced that the "Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu" Award of the Romanian Academy for 2017 is given to the work Periodicals (newspapers, magazines, journals), edited by the Romanian Academy Publishing House. Romanian periodicals (newspapers, magazines, journals) is a descriptive bibliography, including almost all categories of periodicals (literary, political, economic, social, scientific), from various fields, except only calendars, almanacs and administrative documents. The paper is structured alphabetically according to the titles of periodicals, presenting complete descriptive bibliographic elements: title, subtitle, city/town (editorial office), period of publication, frequency (periodicity), format, price (annual subscription and cost of a number), editorial apparatus (founders, directors, owners, editors, collaborators), publishing house, printing house. Bibliographic notes and references complete the information, for a more accurate identification of the publications, mentioning all the variations of the descriptive bibliographic elements by each publication during its existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most Internet users know that Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia that covers a wide range of information to which volunteers from around the world contribute. However, few know that this resource has other values. This paper presents, in summary, some experiences in which Wikipedia is used as a working tool in student education. Ranked 5th in the top of the most visited web pages, teachers from various higher education institutions in the UK and USA chose Wikipedia to teach students how to search for accurate information and how to use it ethically in writing articles. The study states that there are also some restraints from professors and librarians about the use of Wikipedia in scientific research. However, the educational projects described were successfully completed, and the reference librarians chose to use these experiences to develop information literacy programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Istros Publishing House of the “Carol I” Museum of Brăila has made available to readers interested in the field of book history an imposing “comprehensive volume” (848 pages), bearing the signature of historian and bibliologist Doru Bădără, on the occasion of reaching the age of 70. Renowned specialist in the field of old books and the history of Romanian printing, PhD in the Middle History of Romania, Mr. Doru Bădără has a rich publishing activity. The Foreword and the Word from the Publishing House belong to the friend and former schoolmate, the university professor PhD Ionel Cândea. In the volume edited by Niculae Ravici-Tătăranu, 80 articles and studies published between 1980-1919 are reproduced, mostly representing the texts of the papers presented at various scientific events which were initially printed in well-known scientific periodicals. In general, his subjects were inspired by the rich old book collection of the Central University Library in Bucharest, where Mr. Bădără has worked without interruption since 1972 and until now; since 2001, as head of the Bibliophilia Department. Manuscripts and Restoration. Created with his well-known scientific meticulousness, the articles and studies were grouped in ten thematic chapters: The History of the Romanian Book and Printing; Bibliophily; Manuscripts; Bibliology; Brăila Studies; Vary; Notes; Reviews; Prefaces; In Memoriam. The publisher’s care to print the volume in the best graphic conditions is noticeable. Due to the diversity of topics approached with a lot of professionalism, given that we do not have access to many periodicals, the anniversary volume is welcome in the Romanian publishing landscape and can be a good model to follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 19-22 April 2018, in Chișinău, took place the 22nd edition of the International Children's and Youth Book Fair of the Republic of Moldova. The event was organized by the "Ion Creangă" National Library for Children. The objectives were: supporting publishing and dissemination of books for children and youth, promoting of book with a high artistic level and supporting those contributing to create and edit publications for children. Over 150 publishers and representatives of several countries attended the event. During the book fair, the International Conference "Library and Children's Reading: Current Challenges" was also organized, at which representatives of the National Library of Romania participated with two proffesional papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This year marks the 200th anniversary of the passing away of one of the most important representatives of the last generation of Byzantine scholars, Dionisie Fotino (1777-1821). In the permanent exhibition of the Special Collections Department of the Argeș County Library there are two works belonging to Dionisie Fotino. The first is a 203-year-old code of laws; printed on watermark paper, in Romanian with Cyrillic characters, the book is bound in green leather, printed with double border and gilded floral motifs. The special attraction brought to attention is the illustration on the back of the title page that shows the coat of arms of Wallachia (9 x 9 cm), surrounded by the coats of arms of the counties, but also the accompanying note. The second work "The general history of Dacia and Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldova", in three volumes, presents, in a concentrated way, the history of these lands from the founding of Dacia to the beginning of the 19th century. The value of this work lies in the illustration on the cover page, which shows the Russian bicephalous eagle holding the two coats of arms: the coat of arms of Wallachia and the coat of arms of Moldova, all protected by divine power, as well as the ex-libris - stamp of the Phanariot prince Ioan Constantin Caradja, written in black ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thе paper summarizes the advocacy experience of the Bulgarian Library and Information Association, its development and results for the benefit of the libraries and their users. The beginning advocacy steps, the occasion and organization of the first National Library Week in 2006 and its gradual development in a traditional annual advocacy campaign are traced. The main messages, focus events and results of the more important national campaigns from the total of 11 national library weeks are traced; the development of methods for attracting the attention on libraries and inclusion of more citizens and stakeholders is pointed out. The experience so far proves that the advocacy campaigns are successful tools for achieving positive changes in the library policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents the doctoral paper authored and publicly defended by Nelly Ţurcan at the State University of the Republic of Moldova on November 21st, 2013. This paper addresses many current issues of the information age: academic communication, direct access to academic information, the role of libraries for open access and uses bibliometrics research in order to study the academic production of the Republic of Moldova. The article shows the timeliness and importance of the thesis for the development of academic communication, library services, for the policy makers at the national and institutional levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 24th edition of the Romanian Librarians' Association (RLA) National Conference was held on the 4th to 6th September in Oradea. The event brought together over 300 specialists - librarians, teachers, specialists in information science, publishers from Romania or abroad. Under the title "Library - Knowledge, Research, Culture", the conference papers and presentations, conducted during the first two days, were divided into 12 professional sections: Statistics and Assessment; Library Legislation and Professional Development; Documentalist Teachers; Acquisitions and Collection Development; Pedagogical Techniques in Libraries, Information Literacy; Automation/Computerisation; Old Books, Conservation, Restoration, Digitization; Document Circulation and Interlibrary Loan; Periodicals; References; Cataloguing, Classification, Indexing. The representatives of local authorities in Bihor County and the ones of the University of Oradea and of its library, the RLA President, Professor Mircea Regneală, the Counsellor for Foreign Affairs of the US Embassy, Bruce Kleiner delivered speeches at the opening ceremony; the general manager of the National Library, Associate Professor Elena Tîrziman and the director of the "Ion Creangă" National Children's Library in Chişinău, Claudia Balaban also presented papers. Other highlights of the conference were the launch of volumes Librarianship Treatise (Vol. 1: General Librarianship) published by the RLA with the support of the Centre for Information and Resources of the US Embassy and Ink and Souls. Aspects of Higher Education in Oradea. 1963-2013, about the university life in Oradea reflected for over 50 years in the press and in the academic work and activity of some academic figures. Several exhibitions were also organised: University of Oradea - Historical Overview; Books of the Secret Fund of the University of Oradea Library; Oradea University Journals: 1963-2013; Books and Libraries - Children's Friends; Children of Romanian Villages, and an exhibition of books published by the RLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the conditions of the informatization of today, the development of the international cataloging techniques led to FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records), developed by IFLA between 1992-1997 and revised in 2009, all the rules and principles subsequently elaborated taking into account the entities, attributes associated with, and the relationships between them specified in FRBR. In 2007, the ISBD Consolidated edition, gathering the ISBD editions for all the types of resources, was published. Usually, the attributes of the manifestation are those which conform to the ISBD, but there are also attributes of the work or of the expression which correspond to the elements of the bibliographic areas. The paper presents the correspondence between the bibliographic elements of the ISBD areas and the entity attributes defined in the FRBR for the serial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief global state-of-the-art on the publication of scientific journals is given, updated thanks to the author's participation at the 8th International Conference of Scientific Journals held at the University of La Costa, in Barranquilla, Colombia, in May 2018, conference organized by the Spanish journal "El Profesional de la Información" and the think tank in Library and Information Science Grupo ThinkEPI. The topics covered were: transition from the paper version to the electronic version, open access, quality indicators (citations and altmetrics) and the need to do marketing due to the fierce competition between the existing journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of celebrating the Great Union centenary, the "Carol I" Central University Library in Bucharest and the Romanian Librarians Association organized, on May 14th, 2018, the national conference "100 Years of History in the School Library - Tradition and Continuity". The event gathered together over 150 participants, and 22 scientific papers were presented, with topics such as: schools and school libraries with tradition; local personalities and their contribution to the development of the Romanian education; the capitalization of the local memory and promotion of the national values; identity versus modernity in the school library; educational projects in the library - school partnership; contests and essays dedicated to the Great Union centenary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article continues to present the terms that refer to the book and the writing world as they appear in the Romanian Encyclopedia, written and edited by the Association for the Romanian Literature and Culture of the Romanian people (ASTRA) in Sibiu, between 1898-1904. The terms presented in this issue are: editor, paper, printing and typography. Considering the definition from the dictionary, the author includes a historical revue of each term defined with particular reference to the Romanian space as well as the definitions of the various personalities in the field. Basically, starting from the Encyclopedia's definitions, the article is meant to be an insight into the explanation of everything related to the four terms mentioned above. For example, the paper itself emphasizes the watermark, the format, the characteristics, and its components. In case of printing, the author recalls all major printers who lived and worked in the Romanian space. Reviewing the three volumes of the Romanian Encyclopedia one can see the whole process of how Romanian bibliology evolved and has been formed, emerging within the Romanian space of the early twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian Encyclopedia, written and edited by the Association for the Romanian Literature and Culture of the Romanian people (ASTRA), between 1898-1904, may be considered the first national encyclopedia in the Eastern Europe. It involves a certain stage of development of the science, arts and culture of a people, and the existence of the personalities able to address the various areas of the terminology imposed by such a project for developing an encyclopedia. The achievement of this encyclopedia was possible through the work of over 200 Romanian scholars. Many articles regarding the book world: bibliography, calendar, dictionary, encyclopedia, paper, parchment, writing, over 190 terms appertaining to bibliology can be found in these pages, although at that time the bibliology was not an independent science. The terms existing in the three volumes show the illustrious collaborators' interest for all fields of knowledge. Because the number of the terms is huge, this article deals only with the most commonly used, following their development over the time, exemplifying and diachronically and critically analyzing the following items: alphabet, bibliography, library, book, dictionary, editor, paper, printing, and tipography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper gives a very short overview about the present situation in modern librarianship and tries to define the essentials of the future research library. After giving a short definition of the term "special collections" and depending upon the substance of a future academic library, the paper gives an impression about the relevance of special collections for the mother institution and the probable necessary strategies for their re-design. This possible and perhaps necessary enlargement of tasks and outcome of special collections is shown by the example of a big science library within Switzerland. This example clearly shows that the traditional concept of special collections will not have a future in the electronic library world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about the participation to the first meeting of Biblio-fr (Caen, 1998), about the collaboration with Jean-François Bonnin and Jean Michel (who in 2003 attended a seminar at the Iai County Library, gave interviews, has signed the forewords and the afterwords of Mrs. Marinescu's books, and facilitated her participation in the European projects: Decidoc şi Certidoc). The OCR (the Occupational Classification in Romania) and the ACNE (the Activities Classification of the National Economy) do not reflect the changes in the librarian' profession, the situation being similar in Europe. Mrs. Marinescu wrote and coordinated many specialized papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 8th edition of the "School Library - an Ideal Space for Information and Communication" National Conference took place in Buziaş on November 29, 2017. More than 100 librarians and teachers across the country attended and 54 specialized papers were presented on topics such as: professional communication; documentation in the school library and the documentation and information center: transformation and adaptation; non-formal education - normality in the library; reading - interdisciplinary perspective; the new information and documentation technologies in the library space; the didactic sphere: Romanian language and literature; the library - promoter of the intercultural communication in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the letter written on paper is an endangered species, its place being taken by the Internet and the social networks. Therefore, today, more than ever before, there is a need to return to the true values of yesteryear. An exceptional model is the great Antiochian scholar, John Chrysostoms, one of the brightest minds of the world culture and the Christian Church. St. John Chrysostoms left a huge cultural legacy (gathered in 18 volumes in the J. P. Migne collection). His letters from the years of the second exile (404-407 d.Ch) are enjoying even today the admiration of the passionate readers. The 236 letters from Patrologia Graeca represent a collection of true literary and spiritual pearls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The old book collections in the Library of the Brukenthal National Museum in Sibiu are sheltering an interesting scientific volume: Isaac Newton, Optica, in Latin, printed in Geneva and Lausanne in 1740. The second important paper of Newton, Optica presents the test results and the conclusions regarding the properties of light and colors. Before detailing the book, the article introduces us to the world of ideas of the XVIIIth century, with John Locke, the founder of empiricism, George Berkeley, a philosopher and theoretician in education and Samuel Clarke who, before translating Optica from English into Latin, had an intensive correspondence with Leibnitz, concerning the impact of Newton's book on the scientific world of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Association of Librarians and Public Libraries in Romania (ANBPR) provides librarians with the second volume of an important work in the field of cataloging, professionally developed by Dr. Constanţa Dumitrăşconiu, entitled Unimarc Bibliographic Format in theory and practice: guide for cataloguers. The paper meets the requirements of the original format in English, updated in 2019, being an indispensable training and guidance resource for librarians newly entered in info-documentary structures, as well as a fundamental tool for consolidating the knowledge of experienced cataloguers. Volume 2 is structured in two parts: Part 1: Blocks 4-6 and Part 2: Update of blocks 2-3, 7 and the introductory parts published in volume 1 (2016). The theoretical part presents and comments on the rules of the format, being accompanied by examples, as much as possible searched / found / retrieved from the Romanian databases or identified in the databases of some large libraries abroad. The presentation of the information blocks continues in the manner similar to volume 1, respectively the presentation and commentary of the cataloging rules applied in the Unimarc bibliographic format, rules related to blocks 4-6. The guide is based on the author's work experience in systems that have applications of the Unimarc Bibliographic format, but also on the experience gained from the training of many librarians belonging to various library networks in Romania. The second volume of the Unimarc Bibliographic Format in theory and practice: a guide for cataloguers is useful and necessary for all those who work in activities of processing resources from any type of library in Romania and should not be missing from any reference collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes in the librarianship field represent a constant interest of the National Library of the Republic of Moldova. The research and development activity of the library considers the recommendations on the national libraries in developing countries of the specialized international organisations such as IFLA, UNESCO, and CENL. Although the main preoccupation of the NLRM is the national documentary heritage, this institution coordinates the activity of the national library system, especially the public libraries. The paper presents the projects of the Research and Development Department of the NLRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the first attempts to organize universal knowledge was made by Henri-Marie La Fontaine and Paul Otlet - who, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, redefined the concept of museum by designing a new type, Palais Mondial - Mundaneum (1920), an international museum of human knowledge, aimed at gathering international collections of items that reflected the knowledge of mankind. Over time, Otlet's writings have sometimes been considered prophetic as to the World Wide Web of today. His vision of a large network of knowledge focused on documents and included the notions of hyperlinks, search engines and remote access, and social networks, even though these concepts were named differently. All these directories heralded, on paper, the Internet and online encyclopedias, such as Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales's creation, launched in 2001, the largest encyclopedic database in the world. Mundaneum formed around the Universal Bibliographic Repertory; similarly, Wikipedia was actually created by starting from specific articles that addressed various facts and phenomena. In recent years, its need of bibliographic references has increased. Wikipedia has become increasingly important as a resource of news and information, being frequently used as the first and sometimes only online basis of encyclopedic information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All definitions of "plagiarism", from the ones in dictionaries of neologisms or codes of conduct to the most recent, of information literacy, refer to the issue of using information ethically and/or legally. Its prevention is one of the purposes of education for information, of the process of acquiring information literacy. Plagiarism takes many shapes; there is a whole typology of the term (aggravated, performed by citing inaccurately or by using quotation marks, self-plagiarism), not all obvious to common perception, and the laws that refer to plagiarism are quite ambiguous. However, one can say that there is a universally accepted custom in contemporary society regarding observing intellectual property of written works, some guidelines which can be referred to, the academia having developed their own methodologies and tools to fight against this phenomenon. Thus, to avoid falling into the trap of plagiarism, authors have to be thoroughly informed about the rules of writing an academic paper, they have to know the appropriate methods of citation, paraphrasing, processing of information selected from the sources consulted. To this end, specific information needs to be taught during school years. Moreover, it is necessary that the provisions of universities' codes of ethics should be enforced and the education system should not favour the students' rote learning information presented ex cathedra; a will to impose another hierarchy of values is ultimately needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers and communications of this year were meant to maintain extremely collegial dialogue with participants who focussed on librarianship topics in separate professional divisions: acquisition and collection development, communication and interlibrary loan, computerization, rare books/manuscripts/digitisation, statistics and evaluation, cataloguing-indexing, information literacy, library legislation and professional training, library pedagogical techniques, periodicals, references, preservation/conservation/restauration, documentarists. The participants also discussed about the school libraries and librarians, training, status of school librarians in the context of the new education law, namely transforming and restructuring their school libraries and documentation centers. One of the core elements of the conference stressed on the importance for each individual to gain skills in information literacy. Becoming engaged in using a wide variety of information sources in order to expand onseself knowledge, each individual has to ask informed questions, sharpen his/her critical thinking for still further self-directed learning. The conclusions from this year's conference underline the growing role of the professional organizations in setting up clear targets for the development of library services and products in an ever-changing knowledge society, and to adapt these infodocumentary structures to the more demanding information needs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the UDC's class 0, based on frequent use of its classification indices, especially 004, 006, 007, 008, 009, 01, 02, 06, 09 divisions and their subdivisions, for publications on computer technology and science, standards, cybernetics, culture, humanism, bibliographies, librarianship, organizations, rare books, manuscripts, and predilection of the main divisions to be used in connection with indices of other classes. That is because Class 0 includes the generalities, science and knowledge in general. The existence of different types of classification is also highlighted, based on the following topics: Terminology (001.4), Scientific research. Research methods (001.891), Experimental research (001.891.5), Computer programming (004.42), Programming languages (004.43) and Publications for children (087.5). A paper addressing the classification methodology has to offer practical situations and patterns of use of the classification indices, and to present, from a broader perspective, the topics encountered in practice, bringing into question the correlation between subjects and different types of indices from several classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Library, a main objective for the Romanian culture and an important building for the city of Bucharest will answer to some older wishes and needs which could not be accomplished up to the present: the project of a new building. This paper serves as a practical how-to-do-it manual to give an overview of the process, step-by-step instruction, and value of the experience of someone who had been through it already. This article describes how to prepare for the task and to give the confidence that we could conduct a relocation effectively, especially when it is for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an effort to present aspects from the biographies of some great people originating from the Satu Mare County, the authors sketch the personality of a representative of the Hungarians from this region, which evidenced himself in various areas of activity: the doctor József Szabó, better known as Oroszhegyi Józsa. The Special Collections of the Satu Mare County Library have three volumes written by Oroszhegyi Józsa: Román élet from 1862, Magyar nyelvtan. Ungarische Sprachlehre from 1847 and an interesting paper on magnetism and natural sciences from 1858. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Faculty of Librarianship and Documentation of the University of Barcelona was created in August 1999. It continues the activity of the librarianship school created in 1915 by the Government of Catalonia. Over its nearly 90 years of existence, the school has counted on a large team of professors who have contributed to its prestige among the cultural and educational institutions of the country. The paper presents the study programs and the specific activities of this educational institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rajashekhar Devarai is a senior librarian and has 30 years of experience in library science. He was assistant librarian, librarian, and head librarian of different institutions. He has taken part to several national and international conferences and seminars. He has authored articles and studies in the field, 15 of which were published in Library and Information Science Journals, and is a member of several professional associations. He has published studies and papers in the field, as well as literary works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Pedagogical Library was founded on December 18, 1880, at the same time with the École Normale Supérieure in Bucharest. It is a specialized public library, of national importance, with legal personality and providing methodological guidance to the Romanian school libraries and teaching staff centres' libraries. On Wednesday, December 11, 2013, the National Pedagogical Library organized an "Open Day" on the occasion of its 133 years of existence. The programme of the event included presentations, speeches, academic papers, evocations of personalities, book presentations, exhibitions, art events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the first attempts to organize universal knowledge was made by Henri-Marie La Fontaine and Paul Otlet - who, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, redefined the concept of museum by designing a new type, Mundaneum (1920). Over time, Otlet's writings have sometimes been considered prophetic as to the World Wide Web of today. His vision of a large network of knowledge, focused on documents, heralded, on paper, the Internet and online encyclopaedias, such as Wikipedia, launched in 2001, the largest encyclopaedic database in the world. Mundaneum formed around the Universal Bibliographic Repertory; similarly, Wikipedia was actually created by starting from specific articles that addressed various facts and phenomena, yet, lately, its need of bibliographic references has increased. Wikipedia has become increasingly important as a resource of news and information. It is an online information source which is frequently used as the first and sometimes only online basis of encyclopaedic information. This article represents the second part of the material published in the last issue of the "Library" Journal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the UDC's class 9, based on frequent use of its classification indices, especially 929/94 divisions and their subdivisions, for publications on Biographical sciences and related studies. History and predilection of the main divisions to be used in connection with indices of other classes. An important aspect of the classification methodology within historical field is how distinctly can historical figures and historians be classified. There are also presented the existence of different types of classification, based on a combination of common auxiliary indicating place, time and direct alphabetical specifications. The existence of different types of classification is also highlighted, based on specific topics. For application there can be used common auxiliaries and/or alphabetical extension (Table Ih in UDC) and the author provides different examples of combination(s) for biographies, biographical presentation (092), various other literary forms (82-9), presentation in chronological/historical form (091), historical sources (093). The history of individual countries and peoples is expressed through the use of Table Ie - common auxiliaries of place, Table Ig - common auxiliaries of time, and, where appropriate, Table If - common auxiliaries of ethnic grouping and nationality. Class 94 allows great flexibility for collection organization which should be guided by users needs and established by the local indexing policy. If required, it is also possible to organize history by periods first and then by place - e.g. 94"1914/1918"(4) Europe during First World war or 94"04/14"(5) History of the Middle Ages in Asia. A paper addressing the classification methodology has to offer practical situations and patterns of use of the classification indices, and to present, from a broader perspective, the topics encountered in practice, bringing into question the correlation between subjects and different types of indices from several classes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Held under the aegis the European Association for Library and Information Education and Research (EUCLID), BOBCATSSS conference is organized annually by students of European universities. The organizing universities have to ensure that the Departments of Library and Information Science propose each year the topics for discussion. In 1993, BOBCATSSS held its 1st annual conference series. At its 20th anniversary in January 2012, the organization task went to students from 3 universities of applied sciences, namely University of Amsterdam (Netherlands), Hanze University of Applied Sciences in Groningen (Netherlands) and Stuttgart Media University (Germany). The 2012 conference focused on Information in e-motion. Romania was represented by PhD Angela Repanovici from Transylvania University of Brasov who lectured on What Challenges are Library Leaders Facing? The paper has been written in collaboration with Ane Landøy from Royal School of Information Science in Copenhagen. From the international master program Digital Library Learning, there have been, along with the author of the article, five other colleagues from five different countries. After an introduction to the symposium BOBCATASS 2012, the author presents the work carried out during the master program and presented at the conference: the poster When academia goes "E", which illustrates the results of a survey conducted at the University Library of Tromsø (Norway), a questionnaire which points to the revolutionary politics of this library, namely purchasing of books in electronic format only. The participants, professionals and students in the field of information management contributed to the programme on other subtopics of the conference as well: "E-media in Motion", "My Information", "Organisations 2.0" and "Access to Public Information. The article deals with current topics in a friendly and accessible manner even to the unfamiliar public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]