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Today's post-information world dictates the necessity of investigating the limits and objectives of compulsory teacher education. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital competency formation in teachers with different pedagogical experience through critical thinking skill assessment. The investigation relied on the TRACK-21 self-assessment tool and Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (W-GCTA). The tests were administered to fifth-year pedagogy students and teachers with various years of experience (five, 10 and 15 years). The survey was conducted in three higher education institutions in the People's Republic of China: Sichuan University of Arts and Sciences (Dazhou, China), Sichuan University (SCU), and Chengdu University of Technology. Time frame: September 2021. The study group included 103 students and 302 faculty members (401 people). The analysis of respondents' techno-pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK-21) showed the strong leading position of fifth-year students (Group A) in digital competence distribution among all the respondents. Teachers with 15 years of professional experience (Group D) generally demonstrated lower digital competence. This study can be useful for specialists and managers of higher pedagogical institutions, graduate students, teachers and centres of professional development. The paper describes the distribution of critical thinking skills between teachers with different years of experience by assessing their digital skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online press is immersed in a dynamic process, characterized by the incorporation of information technologies (IT) and search for new business models. In this context, digital media have found in mobile devices one of their main platforms of development, due to the possibilities of bringing information closer to its recipients and personalising messages according to their preferences. The object of this article is to investigate the potential of new mobile devices for information mobility, and their implementation for Spanish cybermedia. Pages audited with OJD Interactive software were used for this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clarifies Gilbert Simondon's notion of information by presenting the historical-epistemological context from which it emerges, as well as the solutions it presents to the conceptual problems of the time. I give special attention to the conceptualizations proposed by cybernetics, information theory, and biology. In addition, the conceptual changes of Simondon's notion of information are analyzed in accordance to three of the main moments of his thought (classified by Juan Manuel Heredia): a) 1944-1958, b) 1959-1968, and c) 1968-1983. This gives a fuller sense to the meaning of information in Simondon's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Commission considers a priority endowing citizens the necessary information and knowledge to guarantee the success of the digital transition towards DTT in the member states. From this point, this article examines European and Spanish policies of transition and follows the citizen's behaviour towards DTT. In the last part of this work, an empirical research has been developed measuring DTT citizen's knowledge and perception from 2006 to 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to emphasize that, as has been repeated throughout history, the progress of humanity and in general technological progress is not conceived in an arithmetic or linear way, but rather occurs exponentially. That is to say, each alteration, each change, each advance, takes less time to happen than the one produced previously, which leads us to an extremely volatile and unstable environment, in which the legislator will have to adapt to the new problems, casuistries and particularities, both social and technological, that emanate from the Fourth Industrial Revolution in which we find ourselves immersed. A good example of this can be found in the legislative challenge that the regulation of virtual currencies entailed and still entails. In this paper we will analyze its legislative evolution on the national scene, focusing on the recent regulatory changes introduced with the entry into force of Royal Decree 249/2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the application of the transparency laws of Brazil and Spain in a comparative perspective, seeking to know what mechanisms housed in these websites facilitate the access of the citizens to the information and to check, at the same time, the degree of application of transparency laws. Therefore, the type of research chosen is descriptive with a comparative approach, and as a procedure used usability tests on the institutional transparency sites of Brazil and Spain. In these tests, were evaluated criteria such as technical usability, information, communication and services. We also used the bibliographic, with the documentary research method with the intention of provoking a reflection about the object studied. From the preliminary analysis of the basic bibliographies during this paper, it could be observed that there is a relationship between transparency and citizenship, and understanding this phenomenon is important to understand if the tools that facilitate transparency are capable of influencing the practices of good governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article was to review the relationship between narrative and information inside the Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence and Non-Repetition (CEV, from its Spanish acronym). In addition, this article examines the implications of the use of narrative to build truth, specifically the truth that the CEV is seeking, and elucidate the approach of truth in which it is situated. For these purposes, we analyze the method used by the CEV to collect testimonies and upload those to the Mission Information System (SIM, from its Spanish acronym). In this paper, we identify the SIM's scope and limits, and discuss the Commission's statements about the characteristics of its final report in light of the use of information and the narrative strategy to build truth. We concluded that the relationship between the categories of narrative and information reflects the epistemological problems inherent to the social sciences regarding the tension between objectivity and subjectivity. Furthermore, the validity of the CEV's elaborations will depend on the rigor of contrasting different versions and sources, rather than the amount of information it collects. Likewise, we highlight the relevance of the role that SIM played in opening up to new technical and methodological tools for uncovering the truth and monitoring human rights in Colombia, and the rest of the world. Nonetheless, there needs to be consideration for the complexities and dilemmas that information sciences deal with when analyzing social reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the relevance of the problem and the normative acts connected with developing students civic activity and defines the role of the information and communication approach in the process of developing it. The article surveys the studies devoted to the issues of civic development, civic consciousness, civic activity and examines the key notions of the research (civic consciousness, civic education, civic activity, socialization, communication, information, etc.). It is shown that information interaction promotes civic socialization of the individual. Social involvement expresses the student's level of civic engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture is a broad concept that crosses different social sciences, especially after the cultural turn of the mid-twentieth century, before that was mainly the subject of anthropology. This paper focuses on various current theoretical principals that deal with culture and sets special emphasis on the debate on information/communication. The idea is to escape from different binary oppositions and look for complex and dialectical concepts that help us establish truly interdisciplinary debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we briefly introduce three aspects of what might be considered a Latin-American school of political economy of communication. The first aspect is an institutional history that highlights the efforts to be present at universities as well as researcher organizations and other spaces of independent discussions such as journals and observatories. Second aspect, incorporates both European and North-American theoretical and epistemological traditions, which gives a way to a Latin-American re-elaboration. The third aspect, is the making of a particular history. Such history is, nevertheless, non-homogeneous as it takes into account the specificities of Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. Finally, some categories elaborated or re-elaborated within the Latin-American camp, stand out as they contribute for a better dialog with other strands at the world level. As a conclusion remark is that, despite its internal development, the Anglo- American intellectual and academic traditions still prevail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we briefly introduce three aspects of what might be considered a Latin-American school of political economy of communication. The first aspect is an institutional history that highlights the efforts to be present at universities as well as researcher organizations and other spaces of independent discussions such as journals and observatories. Second aspect, incorporates both European and North-American theoretical and epistemological traditions, which gives a way to a Latin-American re-elaboration. The third aspect, is the making of a particular history. Such history is, nevertheless, non-homogeneous as it takes into account the specificities of Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. Finally, some categories elaborated or re-elaborated within the Latin-American camp, stand out as they contribute for a better dialog with other strands at the world level. As a conclusion remark is that, despite its internal development, the Anglo- American intellectual and academic traditions still prevail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the conceptual and historical-intellectual relationship that links Gilbert Simondon's philosophy with cybernetics and information theory. For this purpose, it deploys three lines of analysis: (a) the French reception of cybernetics and information theory, and the positioning of Simondon in that conceptual field; (b) the transcendent meaning that Simondon assigns to them, as they express a new technological era of the twentieth century; (c) Simondon's criticisms of cybernetics and information theory, which tend to dismantle the nineteenth-century remains that affect them from within and to think a new concept of genesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at providing a contribution to the comprehensive review of the impact of information and communication, and their supporting technologies, in the current transformation of human life in the infosphere. The paper also offers an example of the power of new social approaches to the use of information and communication technologies to foster new working models in organizations by presenting the main outcomes of a research project on social branding. A discussion about some trends of the future impact of new information and communication technologies in the infosphere is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term information can be used under different meanings depending on the context and the field it is inserted. More specifically in the Law field, the Brazilian Federal Constitution from 1988 gives special importance to information because it becomes a part of the fundamental rights of the citizens. This paper aims to identify and to analyze the thematic dimensions of the term information in the mentioned Federal Constitution, by means of the application of Bardin's methodology of content analysis and according to subject categories previously established by Santos (2017). It is possible to conclude that although there is a considerably low incidence of the term information, it receives a high specificity in the analyzed document, and is more directly related to the information access ant to the information freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to address the incorporation of technologies of communication and information (ICT) in the feld of education in the Latin American context. The purpose is to discuss the naive conception of ICT that understands them like politically-pedagogically neutral. We will use the theoretical framework of the pedagogy of liberation elaborated by Paulo Freire. This theoretical framework points out that education is always a political fact: we educated to form a kind of citizen and for a kind of society. The article raises four discussions of high political-pedagogical content about ICT: free software vs. proprietary software (or copyrigths vs. copyleft); web peer to peer vs. web server/customer-user; free and secure information and communication vs. mass espionage; knowledge community vs. neocoloniality of knowledge. Finally we argue in favor of the paradigm in ICT that we consider pedagogical, ethical and technically more appropriate for the feld of education especially in the countries of the Latin American context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When an outbreak appears on a rare disease in a given country, a crisis situation arises. Citizens do not know well the decisions they must make to deal with the disease and go to the media trying to obtain information. These, in turn, find it in the various sources that can provide them with data, measurements, advice, etc. In the second half of 2018 an outbreak of dengue appeared in Spain, a fact that had media repercussion because there were several people who were affected. In this paper we analyze how was the information treatment of this crisis in three newspapers. Two national, El País and El Mundo, and another regional, La Verdad, given that it was in Murcia where the most relevant cases occurred. In addition to establishing the guidelines that are carried out in a crisis communication, in general, and of a sanitary nature, in particular, the information coverage of the aforementioned media is addressed during a specific period of time. It is about checking how a health risk (dengue) is treated by the media so that citizens have the necessary keys to know how to act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wikipedia is a widely used resource by university students, but it is not necessarily regarded as being reliable and trustworthy by them, nor is it seen as a context in which to make content contributions. This paper presents a teaching and research project that consisted in having students edit or create Wikipedia articles and testing whether or not this experience changed their perceived value of the platform. We conducted our experience at Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona, Spain) and University of Niš (Niš, Serbia) with a total number of 240 students. These students edited articles and answered two questionnaires, one before and one after the exercise. We compared the pre and post experience answers to the questionnaires with a series of paired samples t-tests, through which our data showed that students did significantly change their perception of reliability and usefulness, and of likeliness of finding false information on Wikipedia. Their appreciation of the task of writing Wikipedia articles, in terms of it being interesting and challenge also increased. They did not significantly change, however, their judgement on the social value of the platform, neither in the university nor in the general context. In addition, the open questions and informal feedback allowed us to gather valuable insights towards the evaluation of the overall experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of two correlative empiric studies in which the author analyzes the role that advertising had in creating new forms of press in the late 20th century -free printed press and online press- and how these related to elements of journalistic design. The first study confirmed the central role that advertising has had in the creation of the free printed press and online press. The second study showed that both types of press have used journalistic elements in a similar way, by integrating the advertising component in page design. This research shows up the change it is happening in the press in relation to unpaid contents, with a clear bet to advertising content as opposed to news and its implications to the advertising sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we review the so-called altmetrics or alternative metrics. This concept raises from the development of new indicators based on Web 2.0, for the evaluation of the research and academic activity. The basic assumption is that variables such as mentions in blogs, number of twits or of researchers bookmarking a research paper for instance, may be legitimate indicators for measuring the use and impact of scientific publications. In this sense, these indicators are currently the focus of the bibliometric community and are being discussed and debated. We describe the main platforms and indicators and we analyze as a sample the Spanish research output in Communication Studies. Comparing traditional indicators such as citations with these new indicators. The results show that the most cited papers are also the ones with a highest impact according to the altmetrics. We conclude pointing out the main short-comings these metrics present and the role they may play when measuring the research impact through 2.0 platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The article analyses how parliaments use social media through the study of the representative chambers of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, United States, Spain, France, Italy, United Kingdom and Sweden. Methodology: Using a content analysis method developed in 2010, 2015 and 2017, the text presents the evolution and the paths of the social media use of the selected parliaments. Results and conclusions: Results show a progression in the informative parliamentary use of social media, but they highlight few advances in the creation of deliberative or participative arenas in social platforms. The paper identifies parliamentary actions oriented to integrate the changing media ecosystem, linked to social media, but the institutional intention is limited to the presence and the impact inside the media framework, more than in the promotion of the social media mediated participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the adaptation of audiovisual genres of reportage and documentary to multimedia and interactivity of the Internet. A basic methodology for building and categorizing products is developed. We compare traditional and interactive versions on our case of study and through surveys and focus groups, exploring the narrative effectiveness and satisfaction for the viewer. One conclusion is that for categorizing and producing, it is essential to discern the narrative functions of these products. And, as second finding, satisfaction of viewers / receivers is limited, although the validity of this conclusion cannot be generalized beyond the case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will present an overview of UNESCO's Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Curriculum for Teachers. This overview includes an exploration of key program areas for trainers in order to teach key issues related to MIL and the competences needed for developing programs. These program areas include: a conceptual and organizational framework; production and use of information; media texts and information sources; evaluation and analysis; media audiences; democratic discourse and social participation; approaches for curriculum adaptation, and pedagogical approaches for the classroom (textual analysis, contextual analysis, case study, translation, simulation and production). After introducing these key areas of the program, the paper will conclude by offering recommendations for the successful development, adaptation and implementation of MIL Programs. Main recommendations are: curriculums leaders have to be available for training, support and consultation, promotion of teachers network who are implementing MIL initiatives, inclusion in official papers of educational curriculums, analyzing needs of the students before implementing modules of the curriculum, facilitating online resources for teachers, professionalizing MIL teachers, promoting collaboration between community members (family, teachers, students, other stakeholders), and finally research to identify best practices and new trends to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Although Spanish adolescents recognize that reiterative alcohol abuse has negative consequences over consumers and society in general, the percentages of teenagers who get drunk during the weekends keep alarming high. Young people are exposed to a wide range of messages about the externalities related to alcohol consumption whose connotation and importance are divergent. Our main goal is to analyze which channels are the most effective to reduce alcohol abuse. To that end, we focus on a theoretical framework which combines the forming of risk perceptions with the decision of consuming alcoholic beverages. We focus on young people because alcohol consumption patterns consolidate in adolescence and adolescents are also highly sensitive to peerpressure, and in general, to social forces. Materials and methods The main contribution of this paper lies in analyzing how the different sources of information (relatives, friends, teachers, official organism, mass media, seminars, hooked people and publications) configure risk perceptions. To address the issue of endogeneity between risk perception and risky behaviors, we consider a simultaneous equation system, and to analyze the robustness of the results, we carry out two more different specifications: a model in which these endogenous variables are included but treated as exogenous and a model in which these variables are excluded. We have drawn sub-populations of 21344, 26530 and 25521 high-school students from the Spanish National Surveys on Drug Use in the School Population 2000, 2002 and 2004. We have also used the Harmonised Consumer Price Indexes (HCPI) as a proxy of the alcoholic beverages' prices. These indexes, provided by the Spanish National Statistical Institute, are statistical measures which summarize the evolution of the acquisition capacity of the resident population in Spain to buy alcoholic drinks across Spanish provinces (n=50). Because these indexes also compute for geographical and temporal differences (for example, some Spanish provinces are important wine producers or some years have been specially good or bad for the agricultural sector given weather or economic conditions), we have introduced time and geographical dummy variables in order to control for these two dimensions. Results Our results validate the theoretical framework. The riskier the students consider the consumption of alcoholic beverages, the lower is their alcohol demand. This empirical evidence is fundamental in justifying the design of public polices oriented to inform young people about the real risks of consuming drugs. This paper also brings to light that the most effective channels to inform young people are official organisms, parents and siblings, mass media, talks and seminars, and teachers. The other way around, friends seem to exert a negative influence. The main conclusion we draw from these results is that alcohol consumption is a social issue. To design effective anti-drug policies, we have to take into account adolescents' social environments: families, friends and schools, among others. It is fundamental to inform parents and teachers, and in general to reach the highest population section as possible. The good piece of news is that people who surround adolescence are getting more and more involved with their education; parents and teachers are sharing the responsibility of informing adolescents about drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global crisis of the traditional press, some regional and local newspapers have been able to survive and get stronger thanks to adequate strategies that have been planned during the past few years and that now are beginning to bear fruit. This paper aims at analysing one of these models, exploring the keys of a particular case such as the North American newspaper The News & Observer, in North Carolina. This newspaper, that belongs to the McClatchy group, has gone for a hybrid paper-online model, with meticulous spaces for citizen participation, and for a hyperlocal press with a character all of its own. A comparative analysis of that model with the Spanish daily newspaper Información is also carried out. This newspaper is published in Alicante and belongs to the Prensa Ibérica group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries from its inception as been a power house of knwowledge, without it, no living organism can grow. This has made its role grown exponentially bridging the digital divide through provisioning of information resources through Internet tools and other computer facilities to its users. The ever increasing availablity and access to information, both virtually and traditionally as charge libraries with the role of provisioning equal access to information, for all members of the communities and its surrounding environment, The value of. Information Literacy is an essential skill in the 21st century which every information and library professionals must acquire in assisting its library's user groups/information consumers to develop and acquire relevant, qualittative information resources to meet their information needs, as these cannot be achieved without the acqusition of basic information literacy skills. This paper focuses on providing an overview on the role of libraries in promoting literacy skills among peers and lifelong learning opportunities which can be available for all age brackets from elementary to adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science, technology and innovation are fundamental to economic and social development of the country, requiring, each time more, to give significant resources in order to prepare the personnel and make them more competitive, where the information exchange, knowledge and learning generated by this process, will contribute to achieve a better performance in the organization. The purpose of this paper is the development of a organizational learning model and its phases, based on information and knowledge of scientific and innovation project team members, which will allow to evaluate the capacity of organizational learning and also contribute to a better organization performance. In this model is highlighted the integration of the main trends in the study of organizational learning, providing technical tools to develop learning ability and performance evaluation of the organization from indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we develop a case study, focused on Spain and the European Union, on the controversy over the labelling of transgenic foods. This paper fi rstly compares the social discourses that conceive labelling essentially as being a problem or a solution. Secondly, an analysis is provided of the main legislative responses, together with the specifi c issues that remain controversial in this fi eld. Thirdly, the limits of the cognitive defi cit model and the problem of establishing what information is relevant or irrelevant are discussed. The research concludes by showing the presence of the rhetorics of safety and risk, and proposes an outline of social positions around the consumption of transgenic foods, their differential labelling, and the endeavour of science in our societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discursive perspective of the research in Library and Information Science. Research practices are addressed in this paper, based on the analysis of discourse expressed in the presentations and conclusions of two major events in the field of Library and Information Science. Both events reflect the discursive discussions about setting up and maturity of the Library and Information Science in recent decades. The core of the discussion focuses on the inclusion of research and training, with the very powerful issue of visibility within the field of Library and Information Science. As a result of the discussions at the meetings of headmasters and teachers of Mercosur and the Meetings of Education and Research in Latin America and the Caribbean, the most urgent weaknesses of the region as curricula, postgraduate and research are identified. It concludes by highlighting that the most significant step has already been taken from the recognition of a necessary change to research practices that integrate: critical thinking, theory, interdisciplines, social and cultural context, and the need for joint knowledge, in order not to become neutralised because of technology reason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The links between knowledge, information and decision making in tourism industry have been addressed mainly at the level of tourist destinations, however there have been described deficiencies in the study of these relationships at the level of business organizations that interact in those destinations. The fact is shown in the weak production of academic articles that help to explain the decision-making and knowledge management in these entities, where although its importance is recognized there are factors that affect the development and implementation of both processes such as the lack of systemic approaches, models and methodologies. In this paper a theoretical analysis of the research topics is done, showing its evolution and current trends, which supported the development of a conceptual framework, and dimensions from which a procedure is proposed to study the alignment of decision making with knowledge management in business organizations related to tourism. The procedure is applied in entities placed on Holguin Tourist Destination located to the east of Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic Law 10/2011 of 27 July amending Articles 31a and 59a of the Organic Law 4/2000 of 11 January, on Rights and Freedoms of Foreigners in Spain and their Social Integration (LO 10/2011, 4/2000), is a step forward in the consolidation of citizenship rights of foreign women in an irregular situation, victims of gender violence in intimate relationships or former partner. This paper aims to make a differentiated analysis between the current and previous Law regulating the legal status of these women, as well as exposing the rights that have been granted by various existing laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the specific type of relationship that establishes terrorism as journalism to build its own reporting system in order to target the information on terrorism. The aim of the regime is to complete classical purposes of terrorism through information. This paper proposes an exegetical model built from the information-propagandistic elements of the concept of terrorism, which aims to develop a practical guide to interpret the reporting relationships of terrorism, no guidelines for journalists covering terrorism. The model helps to detect whether they are terrorists who manage information, rather than journalists, and the procedures used to achieve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper was the development of software to contribute to the control of documents generated during the implantation process of an Information Security Management System (ISMS). The software allows receiving, managing and organizing the documents generated on the process of implantation of ISMS. To support this software, a model that defines the management actions that are necessary for approval, review, update, states and readability of documents through the life cycle of the ISMS was designed and implemented. As a result, a document management module that allows the control on documents during the implementation process, working under the standard ISO 27001 was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patent information is an indispensable source of scientific and technical information technological development. This information must be analyzed, filtered, summarized and grouped so that it can be useful in the pharmaceutical field. Colloidal systems (mesophases), are one of the most important for the development of nanotechnology, new formulations and treatments as well as to achieve increased bioavailability and stability of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional supplements topics including because its particle size is characterized by physicochemical properties of classical physics and quantum physics. This paper aims to set priorities for the development of colloidal systems for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries, from the trend in this area identified from patentability studies of microemulsions. The main variables used in this study are the number of patents filed and granted, principal inventors and applicants or holders and key applications. Patentscope® data base was used. The correlation of variables was performed using a random sample of the total population of evaluated applications between the findings patents was determined that there is an upward trend in the number of requested and granted microemulsions related patents in the selected period. The study allowed the management of a strategy of technological development in the pharmaceutical field microemulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While notions of citizen security and political governance of security turned out to be political formulations with relative consensus in the region, it is well known that the processes through which these notions are embodied in the institutions are not linear. Decisions and practices in the process of register and production of information present various types of obstacles: some related on the nature of the data; others are customary practices of the participating agencies, and finally, there are cases of more or less explicit political and/or institutional resistance. In this paper we want to discuss about consultancy services that against the standardized models are able to produce reflections about state bureaucracies and the design of public policies as well as information and knowledge on the subject of citizen security and human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the information society where the volume of data grows exponentially, the blossoming of the big data has had an impact on several fields. The popularity of the expression has blurred the outlines of the concept that not only insists on the size but also on the value of the collected and processed data. Social media, which are characterized by a rapid expansion and by the diversity of interactions and contents that circulate in them, have been incorporated to the big data studies to become resource of useful data for researchers, organizations and companies. This paper observes the typical singularities of the social media analysis inside the big data and, after scrutinizing existing measuring tools, reflects on the opportunity and the necessity of a solution to examine trends and the impact of the profiles that get to set extensive networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the fundamental problems that libraries face in terms of long-term preservation of digital information, demonstrating the need to take action to protect the digital heritage against threats to which it is exposed. A summary of the most important technological solutions is performed, which are points of reference in terms of what is being done in the field of digital preservation systems. In general, it is valued the current state of digital long-term preservation in libraries and major software alternatives [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's context of media proliferation and increasing access to diverse media content, it becomes necessary to address young people's motivation to consume information. Researching this age group is relevant given that adolescence is a key period in people's civic socialization. This study explores how 13 to 17 year old Chileans consume news, in a multiple-platform, convergent and mobile media context. There are few studies that focus on the information habits of this particular age group. Using a quantitative self-administered questionnaire applied to 2,273 high school adolescents from four different regions in the country, this paper analyses participants' news consumption habits, their interest in news, their perception about the importance of different topics, and their motivations to being informed. The results show that surveyed teenagers access information mainly via social media like Facebook, to the detriment of traditional media. These adolescents are least interested in traditional politics, but they think this is the most prominent topic in the news. Their motivations to consume news have to do with their wish to be able to defend their points of view and deliver information to others. Also, they think that their portrayal in the news agenda is both inadequate and negative. These findings suggest that the news industry has a pending debt with young audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines what is the strategy of incentives that takes two people to achieve the advantages of an efficient breakdown, based on the assumption that the marriage is, since the marriage market, inefficient and, therefore generates in the relationship and in the family environment more harm than good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of information is of special importance in municipal institutions because citizens hear about their local government's achievement of political objectives through messages identified as public communication. The municipal communication structures are essential in these processes, which are designed to shape positive perceptions of government action. However, these structures have undertaken very few initiatives to examine the treatment of news events in the press. In this paper we present a tool to analyze the media agenda concerning municipal affairs, based on political and administrative management of municipalities, in a context in which the management and evaluation of information is added to the standard functions of the communications office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage constitutes a set of cultural expressions, artistic, scientific, technological, and other, developed historically and contemporaneously to contribute to the development of societies. As part of the cultural heritage include manifestations printed and documentaries, which are testament to the thought of societies, in their capacity as relevant media to transmit knowledge and to have valuable particularities. The aim of this paper is to review, analyze and compare concepts, legislations and treatment of cultural heritage worldwide both as bibliographic and documentary heritage for those mainstream approaches to substantiate reason for information and social perspectives on education bibliographic and documentary heritage. This document is divided into two main sections: first, cultural concepts, institutional protection of cultural heritage and cultural heritage legislations, and second, concepts of bibliographic and documentary heritage, world documentary heritage protection, legal aspects of documentary heritage, and documentary heritage education. Finally, concluding remarks are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-government plans are helping to transform the way we understand the relationships among the stakeholders involved in the implementation of public policies. As part of the countless transdisciplinary contributions to this process of change, literature has reserved a wide space to the development of approaches aimed to improve the devices offered via the Internet and, in particular, those which are mainly hosted in web portals. Based on a study focused on health policy, one of the most visible areas of progress, the main objective of this paper is to suggest a method (a combined implementation of an accessibility test, an expert test and an e-mystery user experiment) that qualitatively and comprehensively analyzes the service delivery and the attention to citizens within a territorially decentralized system, considering the accessibility, usability and service capabilities as well as the range of information and communication mechanisms offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-government plans are helping to transform the way we understand the relationships among the stakeholders involved in the implementation of public policies. As part of the countless transdisciplinary contributions to this process of change, literature has reserved a wide space to the development of approaches aimed to improve the devices offered via the Internet and, in particular, those which are mainly hosted in web portals. Based on a study focused on health policy, one of the most visible areas of progress, the main objective of this paper is to suggest a method (a combined implementation of an accessibility test, an expert test and an e-mystery user experiment) that qualitatively and comprehensively analyzes the service delivery and the attention to citizens within a territorially decentralized system, considering the accessibility, usability and service capabilities as well as the range of information and communication mechanisms offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological progress has profoundly changed the way personal data are collected, accessed and used. Those data make possible unprecedented customization of advertising which, in turn, is the business model adopted by many of the most successful Internet companies. Yet measuring the value being generated is still a complex task. This paper presents a review of the literature on this subject. It has been found that the economic analysis of personal information has been conducted up to now from a qualitative perspective mainly linked to privacy issues. A better understanding of a quantitative approach to this topic is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a result of a research project entitled "Analysis, design and development of a social network prototype as an observatory at Universidad Militar Nueva Granada" in order to show the recognition that academic community has regarding social networks and how users may project this application for teaching-and-learning processes through a prototype virtual environment to let information storage, communication and dissemination among members of Nueva Granada community facing educational process in order to promote users' academic training. This is an exploratory study using a sample of teachers, students and staff- and a survey was applied and published at virtual classroom of Distance Learning School data qualitative analysis. So we studied a complete database to provide the relevant elements and purposes of the analysis of the ICT and social networks using PivotTables Excel to chart and analyze results. Respondents wanted to participate in a social network that promotes learning and research, a comprehensive training and a social outreach at the University, and thus to develop the teaching-learning processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a brief historical reflection on technology, information, communication and the information and communication technologies (ITC). It is approached in the context of social economic and cultural interactions, of deep, quick and continuous changes occurred throughout history. In addition, this paper is supported in bibliographical sources that have contributed to the successful development of this topic. The purpose is to elaborate an theoretical explanation which contributes to build knowledge about them, given current requests. Moreover the intention is to show some applications and benefits offered to us by ITC's, as well as certain gaps that have arisen in the digital society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will analyse the peculiarities of the right to information in the area of health care. It will study the figure of the patient as a holder of this right and it shows the relationship between the right to information and to the provision of consent for all actions that have to do with the health of individuals. In the light of the Spanish Law of Patient Autonomy, some basic international texts and the application of bioethical principles, it will present a Sentence of the Spanish Constitutional Court, confirming some of the ideas defended in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spreading of dietary nutritional issues usually lacks a specific space, but the public's continuous interest in nutrition has triggered more and more dietary nutritional content in the media. In this paper, we aim at carrying out a descriptive analysis of the nutritional content published in a random two-week sampling of the daily Spanish written press, namely "El País", "El Mundo", "ABC", and the local "La Voz de Almería". Thus, out of 4,954 pages which have been scanned, only 18.5 offered their readers dietary nutritional content. Much of the information was included in the cultural section ("Cultura"), and the resulting overall average has been 0.5. It is concluded that the Press still shows both a lack of sufficient interest in these issues, and a failure in giving authority to the dietary reports and discussions, as the name of the author or reporter is frequently missing and his/her medical or nutritional training is not mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the pillars of the educational voucher system is that competition between schools to attract students would improve the quality of the education provided. Surveys in Chile have suggested that parents are not aware of the performance of their children's schools. In this paper, we assess the effect of public information of school quality on the school choice by parents. We use a data set which includes measurements of the distance between homes and schools, and the performance of the school measured by a standardized tests and the school fee for two distinct periods (1996 and 2003). Whereas in 1996, information regarding school performance was scarce, it was widespread in 2003. We conclude that regardless of these considerations, school performance is an important determinant of school choice. Thus, parents appear to act "as if" they knew it when choosing a school. Nevertheless, making public the information regarding the performance of the schools has made it a more important factor in choosing a school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of standardized systems of policy evaluation on government transparency and official's accountability. More specifically it discusses the impact of program evaluation and program assessment systems in the promotion of increasing levels of information transparency and the enhancement of mechanisms of accountability in the Public Sector. The exam of Saresp (Scholl Assessment System of São Paulo State) and the Monitoring and Evaluation System of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and Aids program in the same State suggests that evaluation systems have a positive impact on transparency and accountability, but that this impact is related not only to characteristics of the policy evaluation systems -- particularly to the pattern its data and results are presented to the public -- but also to the participation of stakeholders in the evaluation process and in the public policy itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]