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The supply chain plays a critical role in any sector as it's the core link between the organisation and the supply of resources. It impacts the profitability and reaches of services to consumers. It calls for actions to improve the supply chain by improving the performance and dependence of the supply through the adoption of technology; big data analytics. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's private healthcare can benefit from adopting the technology. The study sought to critically explore previous literature on Big Data Analytics, Supply chain management, and the private healthcare sector and develop recommendations for the KSA case study. The literature review analyzed the available data on SCM, big data analytics, and the private healthcare sector. The behaviours and policies that are needed for the proper adoption of technology were identified and showed the gaps that the technology can solve the adoption of technology issue. Th findings of the study found that some of the factors affecting the adoption of BDA include a shortage of professionals qualified to operate big data analytics in the supply chain, lack of transparency and accountability contributing to environmental barriers and legal constraints, resulting in delays in receiving approvals and permits from laws and regulatory agencies. The opportunities posed include demand forecasting, safety, quality assurance improvement, and indoor monitoring of the process. The results show that utilisation of BDA in KSA private healthcare has more excellent opportunities than challenges. Implementing BDA technology in the supply chain can revolutionise the sector and create room for significant developments. The recommendations include developing primary research by interacting with the managers and experts in the field to find out the current challenges in implementation, analysing the return on investment of focusing on big data analytics, and the duration it will take to make all the changes come to be. KSA's private healthcare supply chain has a more significant opportunity in the supply chain and can benefit from the government's Vision 2030 push toward digitalisation.

The role of a leader is to be the conductor of an ensemble, an individual who sees the larger picture and puts the pieces of the puzzle together to obtain that picture. The positive leader finds the hidden talents of those they employ and provide the best footing for those talents to prosper and add to the overall value of the product being produced. When it comes to a negative or toxic leader, keeping employees engaged and in their roles long enough to achieve a final product becomes much of an effort and expense. In this dissertation, toxic leadership refers to a leader who displays traits such as abusive supervision, authoritarian leadership, narcissism, unpredictability, and self-promotion. This type of leader is associated with creating a hostile work environment that leads to employee dissatisfaction, disengagement, demotivation, and ultimately the intent to leave their role. This quantitative cross-sectional non-experimental study explored the relationship between the five toxic leadership traits, employee turnover intentions, and whether that relationship is affected by different cultural typologies. This study garnered a total of 613 survey respondents who were at least 18 years of age and in their role for more than one year. The study findings show a significant relationship between all five toxic leadership traits with turnover intention and that the relationship is so significant that it negates any influence by the cultural typologies on employees’ turnover intentions. The study results are of interest to human resource managers, organizational managers, and future leaders when developing training, policies, and recruiting leaders and managers.

In recent years, scholars have recognized the importance of innovation for corporate performance as well as business performance. Innovation is increasingly popular and expected in modern day outsourcing relationships. In this review, this emerging phenomenon of innovation will be examined in the context of business process outsourcing (BPO). The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors of evolution of innovation in BPO sector. This study was driven by the lack of studies on the source of innovation in BPO sectors despite the importance of innovation as one of the primary sources of competitive advantage. Furthermore, as BPO organizations are serving various business processes, it could be expected that each organization could pursue and emphasize different aspects of innovation comparing to others. Therefore, the pursuit in exploring the source and factors in making innovation evolves in an outsourcing organization becomes the priority in this research. A survey questionnaire was sent, and data was gathered from 70 employees in Accenture, a BPO organization in Malaysia. Several findings were found through data analysis using SPSS tool. First, there is a significant number of respondents agree that scope of innovation and client’s expectation contributes to the evolution of innovation. The second finding indicated that there is a stronger correlation between the evolution of innovation with client’s expectation than for scope of innovation.

Project Management/COVID-19

This study aims to evaluate the practice of selling and financing real-estate projects before completion in Saudi Arabia during the period 2009-2019. The practice is called off-plan sales or financing, which is first regulated by resolution no. 73 of 2009, modified in 2012 resolution no. 47 and last resolution passed on 2016 resolution no. 536. The policy restricted and governed off-plan practice in the country and created new licensing requirements for off-plan development activities. The market implication with the implementation of the policy is the focus of the study. The policy regulated new requirements and stakeholders to implement the policy. The mechanism that Saudi Arabia has applied had progressed in the study period with several implications of the market performance. The role of public policy evolution is to understand the implication of the policy in the market. Saudi Arabia, with low ownership rates, thrives on increasing the affordability of real-estate. Off-plan, as a strategic solution for housing in Saudi Arabia, was used by regulators to promote off-plan activities by bridging the voids in the supply and demand, also enhance off-plan policy practice in the country. Managed by an off-plan policy committee named “Wafi” program in the Ministry of Housing, a set of requirements and development procedures were passed by the committee, which had its implication on the market and real-estate development practice in Saudi Arabia. The research was conducted using a descriptive methodology and a survey. Qualitative research was conducted using close-ended survey questions. Twelve participants were selected with four different groups of off-plan policy users. The first group of 8 buyers, 3 developers, 2 bankers and 2 regulators were recruited. The buyers were selected on different project statuses. The other groups were selected with experience with the off-plan policy covering the first period of the policy implementation and the last period of the policy implementation. The hypothesis was developed to evaluate four aspects regarding the policy, which are economic perspective, buyer perspective, development perspective, and market perspective. The questionnaire was developed to answer the research question of evaluating the implication of off-plan policy in Saudi Arabia between 2009 and 2019. The findings show that respondents believe that off-plan financing confirms the first hypothesis H1 off-plan Stimulating entrepreneurial market dynamics. The results show that Off-plan policy contributed in increasing investment in the market by local and foreign investors, which encouraged banks and developers to utilize Off-plan policy financing. The second hypothesis is confirmed by the H2 Off-plan policy alleviate development risk for developers. The finding shows an agreement on the role of the off-plan policy to govern the development practice in the country. Result show participants agree on the role of the policy helping developers complete on time and access to fund. On the third hypothesis H3 buyers’ rights were protected by the off-plan policy finding confirm the hypothesis. The participants view confirm the role of policy protecting buyers right, project specification and help buyers chose trusted developers. On the last hypothesis H4 Off-plan policy application reduced property price finding shows confirmation of participants view on the role of policy reducing property price. The result shows participants agreement on the role of the policy to increase affordability and reduce property price. The results confirm the literature on the role of public policy in the market. It is also an area of research that is not researched in academia widely. The literature confirms the importance of the results regarding the implication of the policy in the market. The literature also explains the results background on the policy implications in Saudi Arabia during the period 2009-2019. This study is the first focused research on off-plan policy in Saudi Arabia. With fewer attempts on off-plan policy from a legal perspective. The study answers the implication of off-plan policy on several dimensions related to the professional practice of off-plan property development in Saudi Arabia. The finding answers viewpoint of off-plan users, which policymakers can use to evaluate the policy implication and used as a reference for off-plan practice across the globe.

Based on the industrial revolution model, the informational and service age’s main challenge, also falsely named the digital revolution, is to generate economic and social value and reinvent business models. Unfortunately, Solow’s paradox is still valid despite the work of Brynjolfsson, who has tried to prove the contrary generating a kind of Halo effect among the research community. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to understand better the arguments put forward and conceptualize the real stakes of this new revolution, which impacts almost every organization. The reasons why Solow’s paradox is still valid could be found among three primary syndromes: technology fantasy, IT engineering approaches instead of IS engineering, and a lack of executive governance, fueled by a poor understanding and mastering of the critical building blocks of this new Age. On one side, they are the raw material: data-information-knowledge, and on the other side, the tool and its usage. Therefore, clarifying the concepts of IT, digital, and information systems is vital. Compared to traditional IT budgets, assessing digital and IS budgets gives a brand-new perspective and provides three main levers to optimize and reinvent current organizations: information technologies, data, and new digital concepts. Based on different cases, we describe how to design the optimized digital company by distinguishing the machine (“M”) on the “producer side” from the “consumer side” with its different types of usage: Machine to Machine (“M2M”), Human to Machine (“H2M”) and Human to Human (“H2H”). The results are presented in both the form of conceptual reasoning and with practical exploratory cases and models. Finally, we introduced the theory of nanoeconomics, which, together with mesoeconomics fostered by GAFAM, could well marginalize traditional macro and microeconomics.

In current highly competitive business environment, having well performing and inspired employees are the main success factor for any organization. In realizing that, in one hand researchers argue well-designed reward strategy plays the major role through enhancing the performance of employees. In the other hand, other scholars claim that rewards have nothing to do with employees’ performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of reward management system on employee performance in the case of IE Network Solution PLC. in Addis Ababa. This study was conducted through a mixed research approach with in both a descriptive and explanatory research design. A total of 80 self administered questionnaires were distributed to the all staff members of the company. 77 questionnaires were returned which gave response rate 96.25%. It was valid to run the data analysis. Therefore the descriptive, correlation and multiple regression analysis were computed through SPSS version 23. The correlation analysis result shows that promotion and employee recognition positively and moderately associated with performance of employees. However work condition salary have a positive but weak relation with employee performance. The multiple regression analysis revealed promotion (β=0.313), employee recognition (β=0.319), work condition (β=0.256), and salary (β=0.189) has a significant effect on employee performance. However benefit packages have no significant effect on performance of employees. Additionally the regression analysis shows, (𝑅 2 = 0.579, p

Purpose - There is plenty of existing literature on strategic performance measurement and management (SPMM). However, most of them concentrate on the private sector. This thesis trilogy explores the subject primarily from the rarely tackled lens of the public sector, and especially in fragile periphery countries. The first paper assesses conceptualisation and application of SPMM in the ‘New Public Management’ (NPM) context through pursuing four SPMM dimensions. The second paper explores strategic alignment as a sine qua non for successful SPMM systems as contained in gluts of literature by critically assessing architecture and institutionalisation of SPMM in the public sector of a fragile periphery country from NPM perspective. The third and final instalment further investigates application and evolution of SPMM practices in public entities (PEs) in a resource constricted, fragile and disruptive external environment. Design/Methodology/Approach – This thesis mixes two protocols for field research and also adopts a systemic literature review. The first paper is based on a systematic literature review protocol while the second and third papers utilised a comprehensive web-based survey to obtain and analyse quantitative and qualitative data from 21 public entities. This was complemented by a one-day post-survey workshop in which survey participants discussed the preliminary results and unanimously validated the research results. Findings – The first paper revealed that SPMM experienced phased parallel evolution starting with private sector around 3rd century, then the public sector around 1900 and finally third sector around 1960s. SPMM convergence in the three sectors then occurred around 1990s with implementation of contemporary multi-dimensional systems based on “adoption and adaptation” to the various sectoral, organisational and country nuances and in response to supervening environmental and contextual trends. The second paper established the existence of a strong SPMM architecture and concluded that public sectors have strong fundamentals for institutionalisation of SPMM systems. However, overall, the systems fall short of realising levels required for the classic high performance organisation due to some key attributes which have potential for improvement. The third paper further confirmed that public sector SPMM practices followed literature recommendations and are fairly aligned to international best practice. The study country’s fragile status, notwithstanding, implies that public service executives must review their SPMM systems more regularly and rigorously compared to their counterparts in “normal” countries to cope with both global external discontinuities and country-specific challenges of operating in a country facing severe developmental challenges due to unembellished socio-political turmoil and economic instability considered the most catastrophic economic collapse for any country outside a war zone in global history. Research Limitations – The study was confined to one jurisdiction (country) which, based on traditional criticisms of case study strategy, may constrain generalisation of results on SPMM practices in fragile periphery countries. Some dimensions such as culture and other behavioral aspects are not considered and may impact the SPMM and strategic objectives of the public sector and this could have hindered some anticipated study outcomes. Practical Implications – SPMM is a highly practitioner dependent field and this research attempts to provide a fair balance in bridging the gap between public sector SPMM theory and practice. Despite the country’s fragility, the study revealed that the public sector can use its current strong progress as a spring-board to the next level on the SPMM journey to build robust, more effective and adaptive systems once the country’s challenges are addressed. Originality/value – The first paper is, perhaps, one of the most comprehensive and unique papers covering progression of SPMM from the pre-industrial age through the modern digital age. The second and third papers constitute arguably the first and largest study on public sector SPMM practices in fragile periphery countries, if not the entire sub-Saharan Africa region, which adds to scant literature and advances the theory on public sector SPMM. Paper type(s) – Paper I is a theoretical paper and Paper II and III are empirical studies

This nonexperimental correlational research examined the extent to which a relationship exists between Crowdfunding (CF) adoption amongst nations and national culture dimensions. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita was the moderating variable in the study. The goal of the research was attained by comparing the difference of CF adoption to nations’ national dimensions of culture. Datasets for four of Hofstede’s national culture dimensions, CF, and GDP per capita were tested for any predictive power. This study examined the relationship between each of Hofstede’s dimensions and the number of successful CF projects per capita in 69 nations. The results of this study suggest that the dimensions Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV) and Power Distance Index (PDI) correlated with CF adoption while the dimensions Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) and Long-term Orientation versus Short-term Normative (LTO) did not correlate with CF adoption. This study tested the moderating effect of economic wealth using GDP per capita and revealed a significant moderating effect on the relationship between PDI and LTO dimensions of culture and CF adoption.

The purpose of this qualitative multi-case study was to investigate the strategic planning phases, the strategic planning processes, and how implications of these processes enhance long-term sustainability and performance of non-profit Historically Black College and University (HBCU)-affiliated Community Development Corporations (CDC). More specifically, this multiple case study seeks to determine if a strategic planning tool, “HBCU Community Development Action Coalition (CDAC) Strategic Framework” has helped other non-profit HBCU-affiliated CDCs enhance long-term sustainability and performance during periods of funding difficulties. The research questions asked: 1) how are the planning, documentation and dissemination, implementation, and monitoring phases of the strategic planning process conducted at an HBCU CDC?; 2) what methods have been used to implement the HBCU – CDAC Strategic Framework’s Action Items or strategic plan?; 3) what methods have been most effective in implementing the HBCU – CDAC Strategic Framework’s Action Items or strategic plan?; 4) what are the biggest challenges an HBCU CDC must overcome to successfully implement the HBCU – CDAC Strategic Framework’s Action Items or strategic plan?; 5) how is strategic planning monitored? (What is the evidence of the impact in the organization’s activities?); and 6) how are the patterns of commonalities of strategic planning between each organization? A qualitative research in the form of a case study was used to gather the data. Selected participants were Executive Directors of HBCU-affiliated CDCs. Three participants were used for the study. Each of the participants were interviewed. The results suggest that each case successfully implemented the HBCU-CDAC Strategic Framework’s Action Items or strategic plan. Each case was able to identify how they incorporated the framework and its benefits. Each case found a way to sustain their operations during funding difficulties. Furthermore, the results indicate that the proposed HBCU CDAC Strategic Framework has led to the success and sustainability of the participating non-profit HBCU-affiliated CDCs. Implementing aspects of the HBCU CDAC Strategic Framework and its Action Items could help organizations articulate their case for funding support and collaboration, not only to the HBCU-centric community but non-profit organizations across the United States.

Existing information systems (IS) studies have investigated how senior IS executives’ leadership and knowledge can influence information technology (IT) assimilation. Other studies have investigated how various factors influence IS implementation. Yet even other studies though scarce and limited, have explored and attempted to determine those factors or capabilities that contribute to IS success. This research intends to extend the body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence of the positive role IS leadership plays in IS success. A conceptual model was developed and used to further advance the theoretical foundations for IS leadership and IS success as previously established in the available literature. An empirical test of the model was conducted. Data for the study were acquired through sampling the target population of IS executives and professionals. Through the use of path analysis and the underlying multiple linear regression, the results indicated that IS leadership directly and indirectly through certain IS competencies serving as mediating variables, positively and strongly influences IS success. Implications for future study as well as for practical application were also suggested.

Turnover intention in public servants is one of the most critical and emerging issue being faced by the public sector organizations in both the developed and developing countries across the globe. Pakistan is one of the developing countries where the public servants are frequently leaving their jobs and switching to the other organizations. Consequently, the public sector organizations face issues regarding the routines and working procedures of the organization as well as bear the expenses of the recruitment, training and development of the newly appointed public servants. The aim of this research is to answer the recent calls regarding the turnover intentions of public servants. It resolves its inconsistent relationship with the transformational leadership behaviors. This research also examines the turnover intentions of the public servants and the underlying mechanisms behind such behavior. To do so, a sample of 385 respondents was collected from the various public sector organizations across Pakistan. The data was analyzed to derive the results by using the SPSS V21 tool and Regression analysis technique. The proposed relationships among the studied variables are tested and verified on the grounds of the two relevant theories, i.e. the motivated information processing theory and the social exchange theory. These theories support this research to the best, on the grounds of their description and explanations. The findings of the research illustrate that turnover intentions of public servants are negatively associated with the transformational leadership behaviors. This negative relationship is mediated when the leader member exchange is practiced and results in minimization of the turnover behavior among the public servants. Additionally, in order to increase the understanding of these relationships, the moderating effects of perspective taking are incorporated and are found useful in decreasing the turnover intentions of the public servants. This dissertation concludes that turnover intentions can be reduced to minimum by improving the transformational leadership behaviors of the leaders, practicing the leader member exchange and perspective taking. By doing so, the leaders and the public servants can develop and maintain good working as well as social exchange relationships with each other and create a motivation for the public servants to retain their current positions.

Employees encounter negative emotions, such as frustration and anger, which often affect the expression of their voice. However, the same emotions can hinder performance and communication between the leader and followers by compromising their ability to assert themselves and express themselves constructively. Based on the theories of leader interpersonal emotions management and leader-member exchange, I developed a model that explains the role of the leader who manages the negative emotions of the followers to speak and help the status quo. The empirical survey included experts in human resources, consulting services for organizational behavior management and different organizations in Hangzhou China. Based on a sample of 318 participants in Hangzhou, China, a snowball sampling technique was used and multi-time survey to collect data. Data was collected through a questionnaire and statistical analysis software such as SPSS, AMOS and EXCEL was used to analyse the data to check the reliability, validity, and test the proposed hypotheses. This article examines the mechanism used by the leader in the emotional management of interpersonal emotions and voice behaviour, including the moderation mediation effect. The results suggest that the management of the interpersonal emotions of the leader is positively related to the behavior of the voice. High promotion focus encourages the follower to speak up, low promotion focus employees can discourage the voice practices of the follower. Promotion focus moderates the mediating effect of Perceived insider status on the relationship of LIEM and voice behaviour .Such that the mediating effect is stronger when the level of Promotion focus is high than low. This research contributes to knowledge in several ways. Most importantly, it defines the definition of LIEM and discovers the mechanism of how PIS affects voice behavior. In addition, it discusses the moderation effect of Promotion focus from the perspective of leader-member exchange theory. Implications for theory and practice are discussed

In this study, we attempted to adapt the Mundell-Fleming model to the Algerian economy during the period 1970-2015 by looking for a long-term equilibrium in the balance of payments simultaneously with the equilibrium in the commodity market and the money market (IS-LM-BP), the economic literature examines the general economic equilibrium  in order to absorb the potential internal and external shocks, whether due to free market mechanisms or the intervention of the state through active financial or monetary policies, but the integration of two contradictory economic trends passed by Algeria in one model has to be effective econometrics techniques, so we used the polynomial functions and the dummy variables to accommodate the structural breakpoint witnessed by Algeria since 1987, the results were statistically and economically good. The causal tests also demonstrated the ability of the model to predict and analyze, allowing us to simulate scenarios to assess the economic policies adopted since 2000 until now.

Technological innovation is one of the biggest blessings in health service sector by which the sector has to embrace today’s advanced form of growth and innovation. This study tends to explore the impact of technological innovation in the health service delivery in NHS UK. NHS is the public health service provider of the UK that provides quality and free health care services to its citizen expect charges in some cases. The main objectives of this study are to analyse the technological innovations employed in in NHS, its features, its impacts on health service delivery along with findings ways to improve quality of health care. In the study, both primary and secondary sources of data and information are collected. A literature review was conducted by including literature from 2000 AD and onwards. A conceptual framework has been developed basing on the literature review. Likewise, an online survey (questionnaire) was conducted among the 60 participants that include patients and staffs of NHS (31 service user and 29 service provider). The participants were selected the through the use non-probability purposive sampling method. The major findings of the study depict that technological innovation has a positive impact on the health service delivery in NHS UK. The findings reveal that easy and fast diagnosis and treatment, enhanced quality and standard, improved efficiency and service, reduction in medical errors,  better research and development, improved efficiency and better communication within and outside are the impacts that technological innovations. However, few of the negative impacts like a high cost for the service user and mistakes due to technical defects have been found in this study. Towards the end some of the recommendations are provided basing on the findings of the study.

Africa seem to have taken centre stage among G20 nations with Germany championing the Marshall plan with Africa which if implemented properly, will witness a shift from donor-recipient relationship to partnership. The African Diaspora contributes annually $34 billion of remittance inflow to Sub-Sahara Africa according to World Bank; figures that outweigh foreign direct investment. Unfortunately, a tiny percentage of the remittances go into entrepreneurship considering the fact that Africa possesses wealth of entrepreneurial opportunities with a young population hence in the best interest of Sub-Sahara Africa to attract more Diaspora Direct Investment. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to examine how the entrepreneurial gap between Africa and the rest of the world could be narrowed with the encouragement of Diaspora Africans interested in entrepreneurship. To achieve that I three groups of entrepreneurs who were interviewed comprising African Diaspora entrepreneurs, Successful African entrepreneur based in Africa and Non-African entrepreneurs with interest in Africa. This exploratory qualitative thesis employed the philosophy of interpretivism in order to answer the research questions and interviewed respondents using semi-structured interviews and observations. Data obtained from 10 interviews painted that only small number of Diaspora and into any productive entrepreneurship and if Diaspora is to have any meaningful effect on Africa the mind set has to change and Governments should more to create the enabling environment and specifically incentivize Diasporas to invest. The findings are by no means exhaustive and represent portion of the under researched area of African Diaspora entrepreneurship. It is envisaged that findings may be of interests to companies, organizations, learning institutions, individuals who might be interested in collaborating, engaging or working with African Diasporas to foster entrepreneurship in Africa.

Bu çalışmanın amacı: (a) turist rehberlerinin paket turların gerçekleşme aşamasındaki yönetsel fonksiyonlarına yönelik mevcut yazında tespit edilen eksiklikleri tamamlamaya yönelik katkıda bulunmak; (b) tur yönetiminde turist rehberlerinin karşılaştıkları sorunları tespit etmek; ve (c) bu sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle mevcut yazın taraması yapılarak yazındaki bilgiler doğrultusunda konu bütünsel olarak ele alınmış, daha sonra ise konuya yönelik birincil veri elde etmek amacıyla anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Anketler, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı’nca Ankara, Antalya, İstanbul, İzmir ve Nevşehir illerinde Aralık 2003’te düzenlenen “Turist Rehberliği Hizmetiçi Eğitim Seminerleri”ne katılan turist rehberlerine uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırmada, turist rehberlerinin yönetimin fonksiyonu olan planlama, örgütleme, yöneltme ve etkileme, koordinasyon ve denetim ile ilgili yaşadıkları yönetsel sorunlar ile bu sorunların olası sebepleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada, turist rehberlerinin karşılaştıkları yönetsel sorunların, turist rehberlerinin tecrübelerine, tura çıkma sıklıklarına, rehberlik hizmeti verdikleri turların sürelerine ve tura katılan kişi sayılarına göre birtakım farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, araştırma bulguları doğrultusunda, turist rehberliği eğitimi veren kurumlarda standart bir program uygulanmasının gerekliliği ile seyahat acentaları ve tur operatörlerine yönelik denetimlerin sıklaştırılmasının önemi vurgulanmıştır. Anahtar Kavramlar: turist rehberi, paket tur, yönetimin fonksiyonları.

The importance of service quality has been growing day by day. The studies that have been under taken in this field are also increasing periodically. Increasing importance of service quality has made imperative to find on effective way to measure service quality it. The’ service sector, determining this necessity in the light of "You can not make it better unless you can measure ", it tries to measure service quality in a more effective way. In fact, there has been substantial body of research on this field. Among these studies, the most popular one is Parasuraman, Zeithaml and SERVQUAL model developed by Berry. Reduced-to-one-type-service-features of SERVQUAL, limits its applicability in measuring service quality of libraries. Nitecki and Hernon, making their researches on librarianship sector, used a SERVQUAL-based instrument they formed, to measure quality service in libraries. This thesis adapt the model developed by Nitecki and Hernon and applied it in a university library in Turkey. The questionnaire was prepared and administered to a sample of 470 users and only 237 users were eligible for assessment. The reliability of known factors was tested first and after that the quadrant and difference analysis were applied. In that way, the applicable and non-applicable features for library users were determined. The results gained were presented visually in quadrant analysis and numerically in difference analysis. Considerable differences were found between expectations and perceptions of service quality. Detailed quadrant analysis was made for different user groups of the library. This analysis showed that there are differences of expectations and perceptions between user groups. For SERVQUAL criteria, the results of the previous studies that were obtarwed from similar studies conducted in librarian for librarianship sector before, were compared to our findings. The similar and different points of this comparison were determined. Physical conditions were found to be the most important determinant of service quality for the users of Beykent University Library.determined. were The research, established a very important communication channel between library users and library management. The open-end questions on the questionnaire form and the complaints written on these forms created an opportunity to share information about the potential problems and searching for ways to solve them.

The past decade, has been measurement of the effective impact of advertising stimuli on the activity of the automatic nervous system; specifically, on electrodermal activity, pupillary responses, and heart rate. There is a verified method for differentiating between the two types of responses using measures of skin potential response, an electrodermal technique which measures the activities of the eccrine sweat glands. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of measurements of skin potential responses as a predictor of attitude changes resulting from exposure to threatening advertising stimuli.

Much has been written about the managerial functions of organizing, staffing, influencing, and controlling. However, academics have not written so extensively on the managerial planning process. In as much as there is a need for better planning and planning integration, there is a need for more study of the planning process. Considering that planning may be the least developed function, this thesis is a basic study of planning and to provide a measure of guidance for the study of the management of organizations.

Insurance companies which play a significant role in the pension industry administrating plans correlate employee mobility and age, but they have very little information concerning the reduction of employee mobility by the use of pension plans. Therefore, a survey was conducted to determine the attitudes of employees concerning pensions and the effect of a retirement pension on reducing his or her likelihood of changing jobs.

The draft version of a testing instrument developed within the last two years by Harvard professor, author, and researcher David McClelland and his associates at McBer and Company, Boston, Massachusetts, was utilized by the author of this thesis in an attempt to profile the strengths and weaknesses of 13 entrepreneurial competencies or characteristics plus levels of need for achievement, affiliation, and power in successful American businessman, Robert O. Anderson, retired Chairman of the Board at Atlantic-Richfield Oil Company.

From the development of organizational structure there comes an inherent and unavoidable relationship which we have come to recognize as conflict. This relationship has, at times, been given credit for the birth of ideas and innovations which have greatly enhanced the positions of various enterprises. More often, however, conflict has been accused of causing dissension and loss of harmony within the constraints of an enterprise. One important aspect of conflict analysis is the perception of conflict between constituencies of organizations. This study focuses on this aspect of organizational conflict.

The purpose of this study was to trace the development of the air cargo industry in the United States.

The purpose of this study was to present an analysis of the current practices being used in the teaching of elementary accounting in the colleges and universities of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. This analysis was made in order to determine the manner in which the colleges and universities in the designated areas were handling the common problems so that suggestions could be made for the improvement of the teaching of elementary accounting.

It was the purpose of this survey to determine those community resources which are available to teachers of general business subjects in the high schools of Roosevelt County, New Mexico, and to determine to what extent those community resources which are available are being utilized by teachers of general business in the high schools of Roosevelt County, New Mexico.

It was the purpose of this study to determine the status of business arithmetic in the secondary schools of New Mexico; to analyze administrative procedures and instructional methods of the business arithmetic course; and to define major objectives of the teaching of business arithmetic in the various New Mexico high schools.

This study was concerned with an analysis of some methods and procedures used in the teaching of first-year bookkeeping in the high schools of New Mexico. The following items were considered significant to the main problem: 1. factors related to bookkeeping; 2. procedures and devices used in teaching bookkeeping; 3. teaching approaches; 4. specific methods; 5. business papers related to the teaching of bookkeeping; and 6. personal-use bookkeeping. Furthermore, this study was intended to furnish teachers and administrators with practical information that may be of benefit in improving the present status of bookkeeping in the high schools of New Mexico.

The primary purpose of this study was to discover the major qualifications and duties expected and required by business employers of office workers in Bailey, Cochran, Hockley, and Lamb Counties, Texas. Furthermore, the investigation was undertaken in order to suggest recommendations to aid business education teachers and administrators in the training of business students in secondary schools.

In recent years, research in the area of regional economic development has become a subject of serious public interest. This interest has developed through the recognized need for economic planning at the community level. Assessment of economic progress at the regional level has been attempted with various analytical methods. One of the more successful of these methods has been the input-output technique. This study has been an attempt to abridge the significant facets of the input-output technique and to provide a take-off point from which one may perform an input-output study on a regional basis.

The purpose of this investigation was to attempt to stimulate co-operation between the school and the local businesses and to secure data which will help in the planning of a program designed to provide the students of Curry and Roosevelt Counties, New Mexico, with better preparation for clerical positions.

This study was prepared to show the relation of the credit bureau, the consumer and the credit granter, through the interchange of information between the three. A study of this nature should be of much value to many credit consumers. With the ever expanding need of credit in the daily lives of many Americans, it becomes more important to understand the basic principles of credit.

The main purpose of this study was to discover situations that promoted business education in the intermediate grades of the elementary schools of Roosevelt and Curry Counties, New Mexico. Furthermore, the material was collected to aid intermediate grade teachers in planning their programs.

The credit and collection procedures of business place the businessmen in direct contact with the customer. In this relationship, what methods would be best for extending credit, making collections, and maintaining good will? It has been the purpose of this thesis to collect published writings concerning credit and collections, to collect information regarding the credit and collection procedures of some leading business firms throughout the United States.

The purpose of the study was to present factors in personal injury and automotive accidents involving geophysical crew members for the purpose of securing data that would be useful in organizing an accident prevention program designed to decrease personal injury frequency and severity rates and automotive accident rates.

The problem in this study is threefold; to review the economic conditions in Roosevelt Count, New Mexico, from 1929 through 1938; to determine just how the depression affected this area, its business, businessmen, farmers, ranchers, and the ordinary working people; and to inquire into the Government's methods of ameliorating this condition.