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The goal of this study is to carry out an experimental investigation and make a comparison between the temperatures of the exhaust gas produced by a diesel-fueled compression ignition engine with or without a ceramic coated piston. This will be accomplished by conducting the investigation and making the comparison. The Constituents and the Methods involved: Within the purpose of this inquiry, the temperature of the exhaust gas is analysed for a diesel-powered internal combustion engine (CI) that is being investigated. The thickness of the ceramic coating can be adjusted to 100, 200, or 300 microns in order to achieve this goal. In each of the groups, twenty different experiments are carried out independently. It was found that a total of forty experiments were used for both the control group and the experimental group. This was determined by their respective numbers. For the purpose of carrying out the computation, the minimum G power is established at 80 percent, the alpha is established at 0.05, and the confidence level is established at 95 percent. When compared to the temperature of the uncoated piston, which was found to be 428.09 degrees Celsius, the exhaust gas temperature of the novel ceramic coated piston was found to be 397.22 degrees Celsius. This was discovered as a consequence of the testing that were conducted. Taking into account the fact that the p-value for the current study is 0.000 (p<0.05) and the confidence interval for the study is 95 percent, it can be concluded that the study is statistically significant. When the two groups of people with coated pistons and those without coated pistons are compared, there is a difference that may be considered statistically significant between them. In diesel-powered CI engines, it has been found that the utilisation of novel nichrome ceramic coatings as a potential option for lowering the temperature of the exhaust gas is a promising approach. This conclusion was reached based on the outcomes of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air intake path of a commercial diesel engine is designed for maximum airflow rate under high load conditions. At part load, the excessive intake airflow might cause a higher formation rate of oxides of nitrogen (NOX), this is especially true for biodiesel with inherent oxygen content. Thus, air intake throttling coupled with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) might be a reasonable approach to reduce intake airflow during engine part load conditions. In this study, a common-rail direct injection diesel engine has been integrated with an in-house made electronic control unit (ECU) capable of customizing multiple injection strategies. The effect of intake air throttling and EGR on double split injection with B60 palm biodiesel blend has been investigated. The result showed that without EGR, intake throttling was able to reduce NOX and soot simultaneously, but with a minor penalty in fuel economy. On the other hand, under the engine operation with EGR, the intake air throttling has been found to enhance the positive effect of EGR by inducing more exhaust gas flow through the EGR path. Besides, Gaussian distribution was constructed to study the effect of intake throttling on combustion characteristic of cycle-to-cycle variation of indicated effective mean pressure (COVIMEP). In most cases, intake air throttling has affected the COVIMEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles are environmentally friendly vehicles because they do not produce exhaust gas or carbon emissions. Of the several types of batteries, lithium-ion is a type of battery that is generally used in electric vehicles. When an electric vehicle operates, the battery will produce heat, when the battery temperature is high, this can result in the performance of the battery decreasing and can even be exploded. Therefore, a method is needed to control the temperature of the battery. This article will discuss several types of methods of battery thermal management system, one of which is direct or immersion liquid cooling. In this method, the battery can make direct contact with the fluid as its cooling. Increasing the fluid flow rate can also increase the performance of the cooling fluid, but under certain conditions, this does not happen. With this article, it is hoped that it can help academics and industry in developing better electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizer at micro level, exothermic in nature, is known as micro-combustion is studied, as well as the flame stability and characteristics of combustion of a lean and premixed methane and air combination in a micro combustor with different heat production and chemical species conversion. Shapes of bluff bodies (half ellipse, crescent, wall-blade, and triangle) under different physical and chemical conditions are examined by solving governing equations in two dimensions. For intake mixture velocities of 10 m/s and 20 m/s and 0.59 equivalence ratio, blow-off limit of various bluff bodies, emitter efficiency, effect on flame structure and exhaust gas temperature of micro-combustor are investigated. The micro-combustor is made out of steel with 20 W/m.K conductivity. Existing literature suggests that geometry of wall blade produces the highest flame temperature for non-hydrocarbon - air mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the optimum working space temperature for manufacturing motorcycle exhaust to increase production and reduce worker fatigue, production errors, and work accidents. The Firefly Algorithm was used to determine the optimum temperature value. The results showed that the Firefly Algorithm outperformed the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, with the optimum temperature value of 30°C resulting in a production output of 21 units compared to 19 units at 31°C. The implication of this study is that optimizing workspace temperature can improve production output and worker safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of industry in developing countries that could not be avoided in harmony with the increase in air pollution resulting from the rest of the combustion flue gas industry, one of which is a Coal Fired Power Plant that also be a source of emissions, in addition, the high demand for fossil fuels in the future so there will be scarcity of fuel, then it takes the innovation of the use of biomass fuels (renewable energy). Experiments and simulations were performed at PLTU Pangkalan Susu on Load 135 MW with the testing of Co-Firing biomass rice husk on 3 (three) testing models, namely the mixing of biomass 3%, 5% and 7% with coal. From the results of experiment testing and simulation of ansys fluent comparison between pure coal combustion and co-firing, a decrease in boiler efficiency was obtained by 0.8%, a decrease in specific fuel consumsion by 1.15%, an increase in the efficiency of force draft fans by 0.45%, an increase in primary air fan efficiency by 0.35%, a decrease in the use of the mill itself by 2.26%, a decrease in net plant heat rate by 1.89%, a decrease in SO2 exhaust emissions by 29.22%, a decrease in CO exhaust emissions by 0.57% and an increase in CO2 exhaust emissions by 1.99%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of racing or free-flow exhaust has become a trend among the public. Free-flow exhaust has been considered to increase vehicle performance. However, free-flow exhaust has a noisy sound, disturbs the environment, and causes noise pollution. Based on previous research, the HPLPM (high-performance pollution muffler) exhaust with a cone-shaped silencer can reduce exhaust noise but performs close to a free-flow exhaust. This study aims to determine the effect of cone angle variations on exhaust gas flow and pressure in the HPLPM exhaust compared to the free-flow exhaust. The computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method simulates the free-flow and HPLPM exhaust designs. The variations of the cone angle in this study were: 90o, 100o, and 110o. The simulation is adapted to the condition of a motor vehicle with a capacity of 150 cc. The result showed that there was an effect of cone distance on exhaust gas velocity and pressure. The variation of the cone angle of 100 and the cone distance of 30 mm has the highest average fluid velocity value of 58.030 m/s, the lowest velocity decrease compared to the free-flow exhaust of 13.5%. The variation of cone angle of 110o and cone distance of 30 mm has the highest average fluid pressure value of 20.79 MPa. The biggest pressure increase in the HPLPM exhaust variation compared to the free-flow exhaust was 152.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of hydrogen catalytic oxidation is applied in various industrial applications; for example, afterburning of fuel cell exhaust gases, removing of hydrogen residues from electrolysis gas, catalytic drying processes. Since the reaction rate is directly proportional to the surface area of the coating material, a number of small lattice slots is augmented. However, the slots also cause the increment of pressure losses on the system. In this study, CFD simulation is applied to investigate the physical and chemical phenomena in catalytic burners. Multiple slotted afterburners are modeled with slot densities of 1xC to 4xC cells per square inch (cpsi). The air mass flow rates vary from 20 to 100 g/s. The outlet velocities are validated using the experimental data. In parallel, the alternative simulation method using the porous media model is also employed. In order to simulate both homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation, the chemical kinetics of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in Chemkin format are implemented. The calculated results are compared with the correlated experimental data. Furthermore, the variations of inlet pressure and temperature are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the number of motorized vehicles as a common transportation has an impact on increasing air pollution. Air pollution from motorized vehicles that exceeds the threshold will result in health problems and even death in certain cases. This is because motor vehicle exhaust emissions contain harmful pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC). One of the technologies that can be used to reduce motor vehicle exhaust emissions is a catalytic converter which is installed in the exhaust duct of motorized vehicles. Catalytic converter is a tool to HC and CO emissions by using oxidation and reduction catalysts. One alternative material that can be used as a catalyst is copper (Cu). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a catalytic converter with a copper (Cu) catalyst on the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydro carbon (HC) gases in the exhaust gas of a 150cc 4 stroke motorcycle. The method used is experimental, namely designing and designing a copper catalytic converter with a perforated spiral shape. Furthermore, testing and comparison of exhaust gas emission results without and using Catalytic is carried out. Based on the research results, the copper catalytic converter in the form of Swirl Blades can reduce HC gas by 41 ppm, CO by 28% and CO2 by 32%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current investigation, a 3.5kw compression ignition (CI) engine was fueled with behada, chicken fat, and turmeric oil methyl ester. The purpose of the current research was to explore the parameters of combustion such as cylinder combustion pressure, rates of pressure rise, net heat release rate, mean gas temperature, combustion duration, and combustion event time (crank angle). CI engine was modified by changing the piston head (square and tangential groove top) for methyl ester diesel blend operations. In the study diesel fuel is designated as B00 and methyl ester as B20. The influence of compression ratio (CR16 and CR18) with exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR 0% and EGR 10%) on combustion parameters was studied. Tangential groove top piston with compression ratio 18:1, EGR10%, and methyl ester B20, shows significant controlled and homogeneous combustion. Notable findings revealed a maximum cylinder pressure of 80 bar occurred at 40 milliseconds (ms) after the top dead center (aTDC) and the rate of pressure increases to 5.8 bar/deg when the piston is at the top dead center (TDC). Also, considerable heat release of 60 J/deg and a maximum mean gas temperature of 1750oC was recorded. The rise in the rate of pressure results in decreased ignition delay and combustion time. In addition, this method efficiently using B20 fuel with slight engine modification resulted in homogenous and clean combustion which will be helpful to reduce pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Out of the alternative fuels for spark ignition (SI) engines, natural gas (NG) is one of the best substitutes for gasoline. To show the full ecologic potential of NG, based on a current turbocharged diesel engine, a so-called "monovalent" SI engine was developed at the University of Pitești. In other words, to properly make use of the NG high-octane number, the prototype engine features an 18.25 compression ratio. Therefore, the compromise usually made to allow the SI engine to run in bi-fuel mode (either fueled with gasoline or with NG) is not present in this case. This being the context, the paper presents experimental results obtained at the engine test bench when using NG. As it is a highly compressed SI engine, gasoline could not be used because of the knocking issues. So, to be able to perform a comparison of the NG effects, liquified petroleum gas (LPG) was also used. The operating point used is 2000 rpm and 2 bar of BMEP. Since during engine testing, the exhaust gas analysis was not available, to obtain information about the chemical species that resulted while burning NG and LPG, a 1D model was developed in AVL Boost, which was calibrated and validated based on the available experimental data issued from the test bed. Thus, this paper presents an analysis of the engine-out emissions while using NG and LPG, showing a significant decrease in NOx and HC for the NG case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a fundamental approach to the reduction in the nitrogen oxide emissions from engines that operate on lean fuel mixtures, particularly diesel engines. However, the return of a fraction of the exhaust gases back into the engine's intake manifold, is likely to produce an adverse effect on the engine performance by degrading its power and economic indicators. To address this issue, therefore, the paper develops a more practical approach to optimize the diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation flow rate in order to reduce the nitrogen oxide content with minimum loss of power. A specific optimality criterion was established, and a three-input-factor experiment was successfully conducted. The optimization problem was solved allowing for the achievement of a minimum NOх content under all operating conditions in the selected mode of the engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information technologies for numerical simulation of physical processes are of great importance in natural sciences and technologies. A critical role for solving environmental problems that have become more acute in the course of intensive development of technologies is played by the process of cleaning industrial exhaust gases from dispersed suspensions. One of the most effective methods of gas purification is ultrasonic coagulation with nonlinear physical effects (vortex acoustic flows are the most intense effects of the 2nd order). The previously proposed model of ultrasonic coagulation, taking into account vortex acoustic flows, does not consider potential forces. They can arise in a real physical process due to various factors - gravitational attraction, the Archimedes force, as well as the force arising from momentum transfer phenomena, can have both potential and vortex components. It follows from the Navier-Stokes equations with an equivalent body force that the vortex component is able to cause an annular motion of the medium even under zero Dirichlet boundary conditions for the velocity or stream function (depending on the form of the equations), and the potential component is only capable of creating a pressure gradient. The presence of a pressure gradient can cause additional movement of particles, since each particle has a finite size. The authors proposed a model that made it possible to take into account the effect of potential forces on the transition of particles from vortex to vortex and, consequently, on the efficiency of coagulation. The results obtained indicate that the presence of potential forces satisfying the condition of the negative integral of the potential energy Laplacian contributes to additional compaction of particles and, consequently, to an additional increase in the efficiency of coagulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to a situational assessment and analysis of emerging environmental risks from the impact of freight transport unregistered in the Samara region and passing through it. Data on the number of vehicles registered in the region were analyzed, and the main factors of the negative impact of transport on the ecological situation in the region were identified. A methodology for accounting for transit freight transport passing through the territory of the Samara region is given and an assessment of the negative impact of car exhaust gases on the environment is made Based on the results of the study, quantitative indicators of pollutants from mobile sources were obtained, conclusions were drawn and measures were offered to reduce emissions of harmful substances through the introduction of new ways of interaction between road and rail transport, introducing the organization of piggyback transportation everywhere, using the environmental friendliness of rail and mobility of road transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution from automobiles both commercial and passenger vehicles push the research to make changes in catalytic convertor. Most of the commercial vehicles like coal transport and mineral transport trucks relay on diesel fuel. As a result, the emission levels of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are taken into account. As a result of incomplete combustion, alcohols, aldehydes, and other partial oxidation products are released into the air. The whole process of this research work is done with the help of CFD approach because it will reduce the material waste and we can optimize according to our desired results. During this project, a numerical study has been carried out on the catalytic converter by varying the coating materials. Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Platinum with Palladium was selected as coating materials. For comparison purpose, normal catalytic converter without coating was analyzed using CFD software. Different output characteristics of a catalytic converter like, velocity, static temperature and turbulent kinetic energywere compared with each other. Outcomes of the numerical analysis shows that the catalytic converter which is coated with Magnesium Oxide (MgO) particles coated catalytic converter yields the better performance behavior than that of normal, Platinum and Palladium particles coated catalytic converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basically, two categories of supersonic nozzles exist: conical contour nozzle (CCN) and thrust-optimized contour nozzle (TOCN). Conical nozzles are easier to design/manufacture, with little complexity whereas TOCN (bell-shaped nozzles) require more attention. However, the TOCN design allows for better expansion of exhaust gases even over shorter lengths. The present work explains method for designing the contour of a supersonic thrust-optimized nozzle using the method of characteristics (MOC). The design is based on the exit Mach number and specific heat ratio. Furthermore, this study deals specifically with the divergent section of the nozzle by implementing assumptions and/or calculations to the throat. The exit Mach numbers of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 with 100 characteristic lines are computed using method of characteristics and MATLAB. The expansion area ratio is compared with the ideal value and the respective error percentage is calculated for the given exit Mach numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IC engines are major source of noise pollution due to exhaust noise. Diesel engines are noisy as they run on high compression ratio and the fuel molecules are larger than petrol, which produces more exhaust noise as the fuel ignites. In or der to reduce the exhaust noise, mufflers are developed which minimize the sound transmissions by the exhaust gases. The reduction of noise is influenced by the characteristics of mufflers and its working features. The mufflers are also responsible for influencing other characteristic of vehicles such as efficiency of fuel and emissions. There are various properties which determine the performance of the muffler. These include insertion loss, transmission loss, back pressure and perforations. In this paper, double expansion chamber reactive muffler is designed with variations in placement of extended inlet and outlet inside the muffler and acoustic analysis is carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software for maximum transmission loss. The result of Numerical analysis of model giving broadband transmission loss are validated with experimental analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental investigation was carried out to examine the combustion, engine performance and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine running on biofuel derived from Jojoba raw oil and its blends with diesel fuel. The biofuel was prepared by a transesterification method using a volume ratio of 1:1 for raw Jojoba oil: Methanol to produce different grades of biodiesel fuels. Transesterification of raw jojoba oil, mixed with methanol and with a catalyst of NaOH, resulted in Jojoba Methyl Ester as the biofuel used in the present work. The physiochemical properties of biofuel were analysed including density, viscosity and distillation date. The engine used is a single cylinder diesel engine equipped for measuring all performance parameters and exhaust emissions including different exhaust gas analysis and exhaust gas opacity. The test parameters included the engine speed in the range of 1000 to 1950 rpm, the Jojoba/diesel blend ratio and varied as 0 (pure diesel), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (pure Jojoba biofuel). Using more Jojoba biofuel in the blend (up to 100% biofuel) increased the brake power output of the engine, decreased the brake specific fuel consumption, increased the exhaust gas temperature, increased oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust, decreased the hydrocarbons and smoke opacity was almost similar to diesel fuel case. Maximum combustion pressure has slightly increased in the cases with more Jojoba biofuel in the blend. The engine could run successfully at 100% Jojoba biofuel without any modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the decreasing availability of fossil fuels, coupled with a better awareness of the negative effects of burning fossil fuels, has made room for substitute fuels from sustainable sources. As a sustainable fuel source, biodiesel can be applied directly to diesel engines without modifying the engine. The effect of using biodiesel on diesel engines requires a more in-depth study, especially B20 and B100 fuels derived from Crude Palm oil (CPO) which have different physical and chemical characteristics from other biodiesel. Therefore, this study will determine the effect of biodiesel use on exhaust gas emissions which include emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and smoke opacity. The fuel used was B100 (100% palm oil biodiesel) and B20 fuel (20% palm oil biodiesel+80% diesel) as a comparison. The test was carried out for 300 hours of operation, with a constant load of 4 kW halogen lamps. Based on the study results, overall engine with B100 fuel produces better emissions than engine with B20 fuel. At under no-load conditions for engines with B100 fuel, CO exhaust gas emissions were 16% lower than B20, and HC exhaust gas emission was 41% lower than B20. In contrast, at full load conditions, HC exhaust emission was 34% lower, and CO2 exhaust gas emission was 36% lower, and the opacity of the smoke produced was 11% lower when compared to a B20 engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nozzle is considered as one of the most important parts of the rocket propulsion system. The thrust Produced by the Nozzle will determine the performance of the nozzle i.e., the amount of load that can be lifted by the nozzle against the gravity. Heavy rockets have nozzles that can lift higher loads. The thrust produced by the nozzle will depend on parameters such as velocity at exit of the nozzle, pressure at the exit of the nozzle and etc. The thrust produced by the nozzle will also depend on the type of the nozzle indirectly as various nozzles will have various properties. The exhaust gases produced after combustion when they pass through the nozzle the pressure energy of the flue gases will convert into the kinetic energy resulting the thrust required for the lift off. In this paper we designed the nozzles using Rocket propulsion analysis software and modelled using Solid works and analysed using ANSYS to determine the optimum nozzle design and the material is optimised by using the structural Analysis of the nozzles designed. The geometry parameters such as area expansion ratio, throat diameter and type of nozzle will influence the performance of the nozzle. The effect of the area expansion ratio on the performance will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a new approach to solving the optimization problem for a system of processing technogenic waste of the oil and gas industry. The optimization problem is formulated as an integer mathematical programming problem for the maximum of the objective function considering the constraints. The objective function in the optimization problem is determined using a set of efficiency assessments of environmental safety, resource, and energy consumption in the waste processing system. These assessments are obtained via multi-factorial analysis based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. As the constraints to the problem solution, the limitations on the maximum operating time of the technological plant for the recycling of the waste placed in the storage facility are considered. Special software is developed for the numerical solution of the optimization problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research is aimed to investigate the influence of evaporation and puffing characteristics on the exhaust gas emissions of waste plastic oil and desired blends with petro diesel. Different volumetric proportions of plastic oil blends such as P20, P40, P60 and P80 are prepared and their thermo-physical properties were measured. The evaporation rates of prepared blends were evaluated in a convective environment and compared with the non-blended plastic oil, traditional petrol diesel. These were supplied to a test engine for evaluation of combustion and emission characteristics. The results are shown that the puffing is formed specifically at 773K to 873K at fluctuation evaporation phase in the prepared blends whereas P20 and P80 possess similar specific fuel consumption with huge variation in CO formation at exhaust emissions. The increase in temperature is reduced the time for the formation of bubble and puffing at higher volume blends but the phenomena of incomplete combustion increased the emissions rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A city's overall emissions are greatly influenced by the number of cars on the road. Measurements of four-wheeler emissions in the lab and in the real world have been employed in many research investigations. The real-world emissions from two-wheelers, on the other hand, have gotten less attention than they deserve. People in developing countries such as India rely more on motorbikes for personal mobility than they do on automobiles. nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC) emissions from a typical motorbike using real-world emission measurements (MC-1). With the help of sensors like MQ-2, MQ-7, MQ-135 and MG-811 we designed and built a real-time sensor-based exhaust emission detecting system. G H Raisoni College of Engineering, in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, housed the study's energy conversion facility. An investigation of the performance of a sensor-based emission device is the primary goal of this work. The device is tested under a variety of conditions, including but not limited to load, speed, and biodiesel use. The average percentage error for CO, NOx, and HC has been found to be 6.96 percent, 7.89 percent, and 8.04 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two stroke engines is comparatively small, simple in operation with less cost because of absence of valve mechanism. The performance of the engine is such that it has low brake thermal efficiency and higher exhaust emission because of incomplete combustion which results into high emission and fuel consumption. Scavenging is important for improvement of the engine performance by removing the exhaust gases from the engine. The paper details the modification in the engine for enhancing the scavenging process so that performance of engine in terms of brake power and thermal efficiency will increase. The modification in the two stroke engine is done by providing hole in transfer port for air aspiration. The general concept in using external air aided scavenging is to improve scavenging characteristics of base engine by reducing short-circuiting phenomenon. Investigation of the modified engine were done by evaluating the brake power and thermal efficiency of two stroke engine using the mathematical tools such as mathematical modeling, sensitivity and optimization. The paper highlights the modification in the engine to enhanced the performance of engine and the formulation of mathematical model. The formulated mathematical model predicts the performance of engine with the help of indices of each pie term formed with input variables. The positive indices of the pie term indicate the most influencing pie terms responsible for variation in the output variable such as brake power and thermal efficiency. The negative indices of the pie term indicate the inverse effect on the output variables as it is inversely proportional to the output variables brake power and thermal efficiency. Thus the exact mathematical model help to investigate the performance of the engine at lower cost with less time involved in experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In countries with a car fleet of over 15 years of age and insufficiently effective control of the content of toxic components in the exhaust gases, a common practice is to change the basic algorithm for managing the power performance of the car. This is usually done without environmental control for compliance with the standard which the particular car must meet. The article assesses the environmental effect of such actions, taking into account the higher emission of nitrogen oxides in unregulated car tuning compared to standard settings. The most severe mode of sharp acceleration up to 50% and 100% of the possible load was carefully studied. A variant of a compromise change of the law of fuel supply is proposed in order to reduce the thermodynamic prerequisites for the formation of nitrogen oxides during the boost of the engine at medium effective pressure. Measures are proposed to control the process of unregulated impact on the basic settings of the car. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a technology for the recovery of diesel particulate filters (DPF) by means of an oxyhydrogen gas flame. The technology is developed and implemented by New Energy Corporation. The technology is carried on a disassembled DPF from engine exhaust system. The technological process involves activities such as: control of the initial technical condition of the contaminated DPF and preparations for recovery procedure; procedure for DPF recovery; control of DPF technical condition after recovering. The effectiveness of the applied technology has been tested in the laboratory base of the Technical University of Sofia, Department "Combustion engines, automotive engineering and transport". The experimental test includes a quantitative assessment of the change in exhaust gases opacity and other indicators of a single-cylinder diesel engine operated without DPF, with contaminated DPF and with DPF after recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current phenomenon in the centers not only of historic cities but also in urban areas not older than 50 years is that pipeline networks such as water supply, sewerage, or gas pipeline are in a state of disrepair and are practically at the end of their life. Due to frequent accidents, it is, therefore, necessary to repair and replace these existing networks. If the pipeline is replaced by the classic method of open excavation, there are traffic complications and restrictions, congestion, increased emissions of exhaust gases, noise, restrictions of movement and supply, and the resulting increased costs and financial losses. Trenchless technologies are being developed to address these issues. These progressive methods are becoming more and more important due to lower traffic restrictions but also due to comparable costs, in some cases even with lower costs compared to standard excavation methods. These new trenchless pipeline construction and renovation technologies are used primarily in urban areas, but there is an increasing trend in use in rural areas, especially when crossing roads, watercourses, leading routes through protected areas, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impact of aircraft on the atmosphere studied specifically their effect as a source of air and water pollution and how they contribute to the transmission or spread of diseases such as Covid 19. Aircraft engines generate various gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), including around 70% of the exhaust, and water vapor (H2O), which provides about 30%. Lower than 1% of this exhaust is consists of pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), monoxide of carbon (CO), and especially combusted or unburned hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter (PM), and other components. In addition, many pollutants formed in combustion convert when they are emitted into the atmosphere. All these emissions are a significant source that contributes to environmental pollution. Also, in our current days, we notice the spread of Coronavirus significantly with the increasing cases of travel and movement between governorates and countries, which makes transportation in general one of the causes of its spread as this virus travels through the air and thus affects human health in a very negative way. Statistical analysis of the impact of aircraft on air and water pollution and the problems of COVID 19 have been investigated. With the rapid development of equipment and technologies used in airplanes, and therefore current-days, airport transmission has been widespread attention with a focus on social and economic well-being, environmental activity, and protection towards sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of catalysts for automobile exhaust gases based on cerium oxides, the physicochemical properties of cerium oxides, and the mechanism of CO oxidation on these catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental comparative research is included in this review paper in order to establish the influence of additive on biodiesel fuel combustion and performance. as well as measures to reduce emissions. Biodiesel has a number of drawbacks, including increased density, lower heating amount, more fuel utilization, and more nitrogen oxides. Emissions from diesel engine vehicles are very dangerous for human being animals and earth environment. The gases are responsible for various diseases. These emissions are also responsible for increase in temperature of earth atmosphere. For eliminating these type problem the researcher derived the Alternating fuel which is Biodiesel.the biodiesel has effective Combustion characteristics.but biodiesel have drawbacks like high viscosity high NOx emission. The exhaust gases also include carbon monoxide hydrocarbon dense particulate. To overcome these types of disadvantages we use "diethyl ether, ethanol, methanol and n-butanol" can be used as biodiesel additive for their more oxygen avaibality. Additive made the engine run better and cut the BSFC at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of using hydrogen as an additive to the main type of fuel on special vehicles with a diesel internal combustion engine, in order to improve environmental safety, is considered. As an example, several Tector 4 engines are considered, with a capacity of 160 (117.68 kW) and 180 (132.39 kW) h.p. and Tector 6, with a capacity of 220 (161.81 kW) and 280 (205.94 kW) h.p. Theoretical and experimental methods for studying the technical parameters of the internal combustion engine when using hydrogen impurities are presented, as well as a summary table and graphs reflecting the effectiveness of using a hydrogen additive based on the results of an experimental study. The use of a hydrogen additive on cars with a diesel internal combustion engine reduces the combustion time of the fuel-air mixture by 1-3 times due to the homogeneity of the mixture due to the presence of hydrogen in the composition. Reducing the combustion time, in turn, has a positive effect on the completeness of the main fuel combustion, which improves the environmental safety of vehicles by increasing the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases by 10-20% and reducing CO (carbon monoxide), CO2 (carbon dioxide), NOx (nitrogen oxides) and solid particles by 48 – 52%, 22 – 28%, 18 – 22% and 75-81%, respectively. In addition to the environmental parameters of the engine, the use of the additive slightly increases the power and torque of the engine. On the basis of theoretical and experimental dependencies and data, the environmental safety of special vehicles in large cities with a population of more than 1 million people can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas turbines are used to generate electric power and exhaust gas (which drives turbine) when fired by Naphtha, Diesel, or a better clean fuel like Regasified Liquified Natural Gas (RLNG). Gas turbines are also used in aircraft. It is important to know their Control system which we are going to focus here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A decrease in vehicle weight affects decreasing fuel consumption, so automotive manufacturers are competing to make vehicles as light as possible. This is in line with vehicle exhaust gases government regulation that increases significantly. This research aims to produce components of package tray made by homogeneous PP which has lighter mass but have a performance which approximates the component package tray made of PP+Wood by considering the effect of thermal stress that occurs when at high temperature. This research uses an engineering approach to estimate the maximum deflection that occurred by high temperature and is supported by CAE (Computational Aided Engineering). The deflection requirement of the package tray at 110°C must be under 12 mm at central point. This research shows that the homogeneous PP material and PP honeycomb structure deflection are greater than 12 mm. In the other hand, homogeneous PP with additional reinforcement has a deflection of approximately 4 mm. Hence, all types of homogenous PP material in the market are not able to stand at 110°C without additional reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor vehicles are a significant source of PAH (PAH) emissions. A better understanding of the relationship between fuel composition and PAH emissions is needed to determine whether fuel reformulation is a viable approach to reducing PAH emissions. The content of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons contained in the fuel with the largest concentration is as follows: types of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, Pyrene. This study aims to 1. Determine the Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutant emitted by the exhaust of city vehicles in the area of Pondok Labu, South Jakarta, through direct absorption from the exhaust at a certain time and speed of gas flow. 2. Passive PAH determination by placing Polyurethane Foam (PUF) adsorbent at the Pondok Labu market intersection, which is an area where 8 public transportation routes pass and road conditions are relatively congested. LMW type PAHs that can be adsorbed by PUF adsorbents are PAHs that have 2-3 benzene rings consisting of Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene. While the PAH type HMW with 4-6 benzene rings consisting of Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benzo (a) anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo (b) fluoranthene, Benzo (a) pyrene, and Benzo (ghi) perylene. Direct absorption of PAHs in the exhaust of city vehicles with time variables of 1, 3, and 5 hours, obtained the total concentration of PAHs which have 5 and 6 aromatic rings was 2.3269 ppm, 2.3998 ppm, 4.0929 ppm which increased with increasing time. While the absorption of PAH at the intersection on the 7th and 14th-day variables was 5.7317 ppm or 46.94% and 6.4749 ppm or 53.0569%. Two-and three-ringed PAH particle fractions were not detected, while only 2.68% of the four-ringed PAHs were fluoranthene. Studying the experimental PUF adsorbent for direct and indirect PAH absorption, it was found that two types of PAHs which have 5 and 6 aromatic rings that are carcinogenic can be absorbed with the largest concentration at 20 grams of PUF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogeneous Charge CI Engine is a capable new engine technology which has gained a lot of attention in recent times. This is because of the relatively lower stages of nitric oxide and particulate matter emissions and higher thermal efficiency as equated to conventional SI and CI engines. This investigation focuses on the conversion of a 4-stroke 1-Cylinder Diesel Engine into an HCCI Engine. The trial set up consists of a 4-stroke single cylinder water cooled and direct injection Diesel Engine. It is modified to work as an HCCI Engine by using two alternative methods. First one involves pre-heating the induction gases before entering the combustion chamber using a pre-heater. The next one is circulation of the exhaust gases to pre-heat the air. A mixture of ethanol and diesel (E-diesel) is used as fuel along with air to obtain homogeneous charge. Results show superior combustion and emission characteristics when operated in HCCI method. Pre-heating of induction gases improve the brake thermal efficiency. Exhaust gas recirculation shows better ignition timing control and causes lesser NOx emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides the analysis of regulatory requirements and description of the actual state of emissions of harmful substances in exhaust gases of the modern series-produced traction rolling stock of Russian railways. The trend for the strategy of reducing harmful substances emissions of exhaust gases and greenhouse gases of OJSC "Russian Railways" transport infrastructure for the prospective period up to 2030 is provided. The assessment of reduction of negative environmental impact of traction rolling stock with natural gas driven power units is provided. Estimation of carbon footprint in conditions of container transportations through the East-West Transport Corridor is performed. Ways to minimize carbon footprint and reduce the level of harmful substances emissions are specified. Environmental advantages of railway transport, including the possibility of using transportation process provision technologies with zero carbon footprint, are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AERMOD is a Steady State model that assumes the distribution of emissions in horizontal and vertical directions using a Gaussian concentration distribution. This research aims to determine the distribution pattern and concentration level of Carbon Monoxide (CO) pollutants produced by the Tonasa Cement Factory PLTU chimney. This type of research is a survey using quantitative descriptive methods of field data collection, field data processing, and the procedure of mapping to see the distribution pattern of PLTU exhaust emissions at the research location. The results showed that the dominant emission distribution pattern is directed towards the East to Southeast. The highest hourly level of CO concentration after the release of the PLTU is 4.3699 µg/m3 and has decreased with increasing time. The results of the CO concentration in each model are below the quality standard governed by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number PP.15 of 2019, which states that the quality standard for CO is 550 µg/m3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A boiler is one of the crucial plants in the industry used to the combustion process. Due to its significant use, this boiler is designed on a workshop laboratory scale which aims for learning facilities. Three things that must be present in the combustion process are fuel, air and ignition. This boiler mini plant uses kerosene as fuel. Kerosene as a fuel in the combustion process has some disadvantages. The first, these disadvantages are the kerosene has a high price because of its rare existence. Second, kerosene is a liquid fuel that has lower heat energy than gaseous fuel, with HHV (High Heating Value) is 46,2 MJ/Kg and LHV (Low Heating Value) is 41,5 MJ/Kg. This fuel and air mass must be control to optimize this combustion process, commonly known as AFR (Air Fuel Ratio). Unbalanced values between air and fuel can be detrimental to this process, such as unreachable temperature to generate steam or hazardous exhaust gases. Based on this weakness of the boiler system, this research will propose the control design optimization of the boiler mini plant-based on ratio control. Boiler mini plant designed on the workshop laboratory scale. Due to the aim of the boiler mini plant as the combustion process, the control system must be designed in this plant. The control design optimization is the aim of this research based on ratio control. There are two methods in this research, use the calculation and simulate in HYSYS software. The result of the validation of the two methods proposed is 0.83%. The dynamics parameters from this response are 31.52 seconds of settling time, 7.03 seconds of rising time and 10.49% of maximum overshoot. From that result, the ratio control of the boiler mini plant has been successfully designed with AFR 21.9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scarcity of fuel oil is caused by the increasing demand for fuel oil, and production at the refineries begins to decrease. Making researchers look for solutions, one of which is new and renewable energy. New and renewable energy can be produced sustainably, such asbiodiesel Crude Palm Oil (CPO), and hydrogen gas. The use of CPO biodiesel is known to be low in emissions, high in oxygen content, and cetane number. However, the use of biodiesel without engine modification can lead to decreased thermal efficiency and increased smoke emissions in the engine. The addition of hydrogen gas in small amounts can improve the performance of diesel engines. This study aimsto determine the performance and emissions of diesel engines using CPO biodiesel and hydrogen gas as fuel. The engine used is a single-cylinderdiesel engine, direct injection, with a constant speed of 2000rpm. The load variation is 1kW to 4kW with 0.5kW increment interval, and the hydrogen flow variation is (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) Liters per minute. At high load, the results obtained thermal efficiency of 78.75 percent without hydrogen flowand decreased to 24.09 percent with 10lpm hydrogen flow. Increased biodieselfuel consumption and soot emissions along with the addition of hydrogen flow, at full load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Compression ignition engine's operation mainly depends on following parameters: (a) Heat energy produced; (b) Heat energy dissipated. In need to study the losses of heat, heat balance test has been carried out in the engine. In a conventional heat balance test, the gases from the exhaust manifold and the mislaid ruin possess more heat. The present study investigates about the estimation of optimum flow rate of water inside the engine as coolant for obtaining minimum exhaust gas temperature. The experiment has been conducted on a CI engine with twin cylinders operating on four stroke cycle as well as the parameters related to the heat balance test are measured. The flow rate of water supplied to the engine has been varied with the help of rotameter at 2m3/min, 4m3/min, 6m3/min and 8m3/min. The load in the engine has also been varied from 20N to 60 N. The results of experimental investigation shows that the heat carried away by exhaust gas was minimum at 6 m3/min of water flow rate supplied to the engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical study was created and developed to evaluate the engine performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust gas emissions of a spark-ignition engine by using gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and ethanol fuels at different cylinder head temperature (150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 °C) at engine speed 2500 rpm (revolution per mint) and constant engine load. Four-cylinder four-stroke, water cooling system spark ignition engine was used in this study. The results were collected and appear that the brake power and effective torque were decreased when the cylinder head temperature increased, whereas there is no noted alteration in brake specific fuel consumption for all tested fuels. The peak fire pressure reductions while the peak fire temperature slightly growths when transfer from low to higher cylinder head temperatures. LPG and ethanol produced lower brake power and effective power compared to that of gasoline fuel with about 4.62 % and 31.57 respectively lower than gasoline fuel. The carbon monoxide CO and oxide nitrogen NOx emissions were increased, while the unburned hydrocarbon emission dramatically decreases when the cylinder head temperature increases. LPG and ethanol emitted lower exhaust gas emissions than that of gasoline fuel at all operating situation with about 27% and 64% lower of unburned hydrocarbon than gasoline fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is aimed at solving an important problem – the regeneration of catalytic converters for the diesel engine porous block exhaust gases obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. Techniques and methods for regenerating porous walls of particulate filters and converters of diesel exhaust gases have been considered. It has been found that impregnating a ceramic block with a catalyst allows simultaneously reducing the content of the incomplete fuel combustion products CO and CxHy in the exhaust gases. It has been established that soot and coke particles can be removed from the catalyst surface by periodically feeding an aqueous or alcoholic carbamide (urea) solution to the converter or particulate filter inlet and adding antismoke additives to the fuel. A technique for reverse and direct purging of converters with compressed air from car receivers and back-purging with exhaust gases to activate the regeneration of catalytic converters and particulate filters is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These undertaking objectives in re-planning a ventilation system through deciding the warm anxieties and avoidances displayed under different working circumstances with un mistakable materials and temperatures. The goal is to make certain the appropriateness of the plan for two different textures from the view point of unwavering quality and usefulness. Imperfections in present complex are breaks typically happen due to delayed exposure to extreme temperatures, deserts in projecting and rehashed warmness cycling. Welded locales and the bended profiles are the fundamental areas of failure approach is created to guarantee the most appropriate plan and material for the given working conditions, Manifold conduct is broke down on two distinct materials like pure steel and dim cast iron. Upgrading the bended profiles can decrease the choppiness impact of the exhaust gases on the welds. Top of the line CAD/CAM programming, for example, SOLIDWORKS 2016 and ANSYS 16.0 are utilized for displaying and examination. Ventilation system is plan by utilizing solid works programming and move to ANSYS programming, Computational liquid unique investigation is performed to study stream attributes, for example, compel speed and temperature to contemplate its exhibition and back pressure elements, and temperature after convection by encompassing air , than the equivalent temperature after CFD examination is applied on body in static primary investigation module to contemplate its strength on warm burden that is to discover its anxieties and deform at particle on working warm burden conditions , the material which give great solidarity to weight proportion will close the best material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Central Bureau of Statistics data as of 2019, the number of motorcycles recorded is 112,771,136 units or about 84 percent of the total vehicles. Moreover, the pollution caused by motor vehicle exhaust has a very bad impact on air quality in Indonesia, and innovation is needed to overcome this wider impact. Electric bicycles are environmentally friendly transportation because they do not cause exhaust gas and pollution. This study aims to assemble lithium-ion batteries as a power source for electric bicycles and analyze the power consumption of batteries used in electric bicycles with several variations of speed. This study uses an experimental method with the data obtained in the form of battery capacity, battery voltage, the maximum speed of the bicycle, and the distance of the bicycle from full battery to exhaustion. The test was carried out on an electric bicycle with a Brushless DC 48V 500Watt motor drive. The battery used is an assembled lithium-ion type with a total capacity of 48 Volt 15Ah. After three tests, it was found that there was an effect of speed conditions on battery consumption. The initial voltage of the battery is 48V, the lowest voltage is at 41V, and the battery will be discharged at a voltage of 39V. This test concludes that there is an effect of speed conditions on battery consumption, where at high speeds it requires a larger battery voltage than at lower speeds, the higher the speed, the more the battery voltage will drop to move the electric bicycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Increasing the quantity of people's needs for motorized vehicles raises various problems, including causing pollution or air pollution. Motorized vehicles can emit exhaust gas, including SOx, NOx, CO, HC, and dust particulates. These exhaust emissions play a role in environmental damage and include gases that are harmful to humans. This research was conducted to determine the effect of adding a ceramic honeycomb catalyst with monoethanolamine solution as a catalytic converter system in the exhaust in order to reduce exhaust emissions. The research method uses a gasoline-fueled pick-up vehicle with an engine capacity of 1493cc using a gas analyzer, by varying the area of the ceramic catalyst contact area (75680 mm2, 151360 mm2, 227040 mm2, 302720 mm2) and the percentage of MEA-water solution is 20% of CO and HC exhaust emissions. The results showed that the extensive use of the ceramic catalyst contact area used in the catalytic converter system had an impact on reducing exhaust emissions. By using a large contact area ceramic catalyst can reduce exhaust emissions of CO and HC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to analyze the initial temperature treatment of Biodiesel fuel before entering the injection pump on the performance of the diesel engine. The parameter of engine performance testing was the produced exhaust gas opacity using a smoke tester. The test was performed by varying the temperature of 30° C -100° C and engine speed of 2000-4500 rpm. The fuel was Biosolar, produced by PT. Pertamina with a composition of 80% diesel fuel and 20% biodiesel fuel. The test showed an effect of the initial temperature of the fuel on the opacity of the exhaust gas. The higher the given temperature, the lower the exhaust gas opacity value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the experiment was to verify the possibility of nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction by iron compounds dosed into the flue gas stream under different combustion conditions. The motivation for conducting the experiment was to find cheap and available compounds that could streamline the process of existing denitrification methods in use. Such substances could be, for example, iron scale. The possibility of the catalytic ability of iron compounds in the reduction of nitrogen oxides under certain optimal combustion conditions is also confirmed by some foreign studies. Laboratory combustion tests were carried out on an experimental combustion plant, a periodically operating two-chamber furnace for waste incineration. The experiment was divided into two parts. In the first part, measurements of nitrogen oxide emissions were made when only natural gas was burned and gaseous ammonia (NH3) was simultaneously dosed with iron compounds. In the second part, measurements of the emission composition and the effect of the dosed iron additives on the amount of contained nitrogen oxides during the combustion of refuse derived fuel (RDF) with simultaneous combustion of natural gas in the supporting burner were carried out. The highest and comparable NOx conversion was achieved when two different additives, namely siderite and dried scale, were used under almost identical conditions in the refuse derived fuel combustion regime. The results of the present research confirm that the use of additives in the form of iron compounds can, with appropriate combustion process configuration, reduce the amount of NOx emissions produced, which can thus be crucial in meeting the increasingly stringent legislative requirements for reducing emission limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of air pollution in various big cities in Indonesia currently increases concern. The facts show that air pollutants such as Particulate Matter and 5 elements such as HC, CO, CO2, O2 and NOx exceeded the ambient air quality standard threshold. In countries that have strict vehicle exhaust emission standards, those 5 elements must be measured, but Indonesia only measured 4 elements of the exhaust gas, without NOx. Most of the existing smoke detector tools are very inefficient to be used because of their large shape. Therefore, an exhaust emission detector test instrument was made on vehicles, in order to determine the level of emission threshold value. This study used a circuit consisting of a microcontroller block, input/output block, programmer block and Sensor block. In the microcontroller block, there are three important parts, including the oscillator circuit, the reset circuit, and the voltage circuit. In this paper, the tool was designed to read the value of exhaust emissions on the vehicle and make a comparison with that in Poltrada Bali workshop emission test equipment. Results showed that this design tool detected in real time and could show the air quality from the detection results. The measurement of exhaust emissions can be done in a short time and obtain definite results. The gas sensor can be calibrated by providing the desired value through a serial programming interface to the computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the content of ethanol from Balinese wine can reach above 50%. The ethanol content of Balinese wine can reach 90% if the evaporation temperature is appropriate. The combustion of high-concentration Balinese wine produces exhaust gases such as high carbon dioxide, low carbon monoxide, low oxygen and hydrocarbon gases. The combustion of the Balinese wine on the carburetor type machine shows a large specific fuel consumption level while torque and engine power are low. This study was conducted with the use of Balinese wine as a fuel and its effect on power, torque, specific fuel consumption and the residual precipitation characteristics of the combustion chamber components. Research method by carrying out Balinese wine test on 4 step engine to know and analyze its influence to performance, engine emission and sediment characteristics in combustion chamber. The results of the study that the Balinese wine has characteristics as an alternative fuel. The precipitate formed on the combustion chamber components is more than the premium, shows the components of the combustion chamber more easily corrode. Balinese wine fuel produces as many as 165 compounds while the premium fuel produces 171 compounds. The use of Balinese wine produces 7.15 Nm of engine torque and 5,606 kW of power and specific fuel consumption is 0.1172 kg / kWh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different catalysts are having an important key role for production (synthesis) of biodiesel. The heterogeneous catalysts are economically and commercially used especially in biodiesel industries. These catalysts are produced from the waste materials at a minimum cost. There is an interesting research area to find such waste materials for the preparation of the catalyst. Such materials are having a wide source and low cost. These eco-friendly waste catalysts can also use in some other organic reactions. Here Castor oil is used for biodiesel production through transesterification process. Castor oil biodiesel and its blends are used for testing of the IC engine. The analysis of results for performance and emission are discussed here. The results of different Castor Biodiesel blends are compared with petrodiesel. From the observations and results, this is concluded that the Castor biodiesel blends up to 20% by volume with diesel fuel can be replaced the pure diesel for existing diesel engine running. There are fewer emissions of exhaust gases without any drastic changes the conventional engines and with not losing any power outputs. This may help a large for reducing exhaust gas air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]