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Many more pseudomorphs are nucleated from the azurite matrix interface than nucleated from the azurite crystal surface. In conclusion, the analysis of these pseudomorph illustrations suggests the following: Azurite can continue to grow on azurite while malachite pseudomorphs are growing within. The four azurite crack surfaces have conchoidal fractures on one surface, complete coverage of new secondary azurite on a second surface, and two vertical surfaces with mixed conchoidal areas and new azurite. The governing reaction for malachite growth is: Two azurites plus one water yields three malachites plus carbon dioxide. [Extracted from the article]

Most of the micromineral inclusions generated by the RMR process in Schickler apatite appear to be REE minerals; an example EDS spectrum of a typical REE inclusion is shown in figure 2. The I T i I O i I T i modules within these minerals can be used to derive many mineral properties by first principles, e.g., habit, cleavage angles, and symmetry/polytypism (fig. 1). Among other minerals, striking red-brown apatite crystals, to 10+ cm, can be found hosted within the dissociated calcite-fluorite carbonatite matrix. However, the diversity of these modular rock-forming minerals results in complexity in terms of the crystal structures and crystal chemistries of this mineral family. [Extracted from the article]

PHOTO (COLOR): RMS Program Cover by Susan Robinson THE THIRTY-SEVENTH TECHNICAL SESSION of the Rochester Mineralogical Symposium was cancelled this year due to the COVID-19 virus. By experimenting with the addition of mica of varying thickness to the optical path when viewing a flattened gahnite and garnet in crossed polars, we found that the observed interference figure was the result of the mica even when exceedingly thin. Multiple flattened almandine crystals have also been extracted from muscovite books from Avondale, Pennsylvania. White included the results of optical analyses performed by our research group on a flattened gahnite, which showed that the crystal exhibited a distinctly biaxial interference figure despite being an isometric mineral. [Extracted from the article]

When the ginseng collector is also a mineral collector, new exposures of interesting minerals occasionally turn up. This has led to a long and fruitful collaboration between amateur collectors and professional mineralogists who have described more than four hundred different mineral species and sixty-six new or type-locality minerals from this small quarry in Quebec. The minerals found at this exposure are distinct from those found a mere 90 meters south at the Wollastonite Skarn (WSK), the classic mineral occurrence at Rose Road. The mineral specimens recovered in the years that followed the discovery of the PDM have conveyed a fascinating and complex paragenesis involving numerous different types of pseudomorphs and mineral textures. [Extracted from the article]

One spodumene crystal exceeded 11 meters in length, and crystals in excess of 2 meters in length are common. It is spodumene-rich with more than 50 percent spodumene in some of the upper portions of the pegmatite. These spodumene and montebrasite crystals are comparable in size to the famous crystals from the Etta and Hugo pegmatites in South Dakota, where 14-meter spodumene crystals and 7-meter amblygonite (likely montebrasite) occur (Rickwood [1]). [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on Spanish Mineral artist Alexandre Pascual i Nogués. According to the author, Pascual has captured the essence of minerals in his art by presenting remarkable images of crystals using charcoal and graphite. The author adds that Pascual works in the gems and jewelry trade which introduced him to the world of minerals and crystals.

A B FLUORITE FOCUS: b It was a pleasure to plan and put together this issue with its several articles featuring I fluorite, i Denver's show theme (Denver dates are 18-20 September). PHOTO (COLOR) PHOTO (COLOR): Two watercolor paintings on hot press paper of fluorite specimens from the United Kingdom, by Ksenia Levterova. See the In Memoriam column in the May/June 2019 issue for a tribute to Via, and the Museum Notes column in this issue for further details on the museum. [Extracted from the article]

B GOING GREEN: b I Rocks & Minerals i has inadvertently jumped on the "green" bandwagon with this issue. During his nearly fifty years of collecting and studying minerals, Dunning has written or coauthored fifty papers pertaining to mineralogical subjects, eight of which involved descriptions of new minerals. PHOTO (COLOR): Gail E. Dunning, recipient of the 2019 Pinch Medal, shown with photos of his namesake mineral, gaildunningite. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides information on several events related to mineral events in the U.S. in 2008. It includes the Copper Country Mineral Retreat which will be conducted in August 3-10 with various activities, East Coast Gem, Mineral & Fossil Show from August 8-10, and the South East Gem & Mineral Show from August 15-17.

Ksenia Levterova (b. 1986), Ukraine; her art was published in the July/August 2020 issue of Rocks & Minerals, pages 372-374. Fred Wilda (b. 1941), United States; his art was published in the March/April 2002 issue of Rocks & Minerals, pages 124-125. Tama Higuchi (b. 1999), United States; her art was published in the May/June 2021 issue of Rocks & Minerals, pages 248-250. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information related to mineralogy. It offers an obituary for writer Arthur E. Smith of Houston, Texas. It features several awards recipients, such as John H. Betts for the Best Paper in 2009 Rocks & Minerals Award from the Friends of Mineralogy (FM) and Dr. Peter Megaw for the 2009 Carnegie Mineralogical Award. Moreover, it presents photographs of gems and minerals from the article "U.S. Gemstones: An Overview," by John White in the January/February 2010 issue.

Dorris became a full-time miner and mineral dealer in 2006 as proprietor of the family business, Pinnacle 5 Minerals. B AND THE AWARD GOES TO b : Traditionally, the end-of-the-year awards in the mineral community have been presented in conjunction with the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show. His articles and photographs of his specimens have appeared in every major mineral magazine, including I Rocks & Minerals i (for example, see his article on Ohio's Delphos quarry in the November/December 2020 issue of I Rocks & Minerals i , pages 498-514), and he coauthored two chapters in I American Mineral Treasures i . [Extracted from the article]

Iconic Specimens Doubtless, these large almandine garnets will become known as classics, similar to the almandine crystals from Russell, Massachusetts. Large, sharply formed almandine crystals from Mt. Marie were first recovered in May 2017. The pegmatite units, exposed between overburden-concealed areas, are sufficiently discontinuous to prevent determining whether the mountain crest is one pegmatite or a swarm of several pegmatites. These garnets are late crystallization products, which formed near the end stage of the primary pegmatite crystallization, as indicated by the crystals' location in contact with quartz core segments, which usually (but not always) is the last crystallized part of the pegmatite (London [13]; Roering [16]). [Extracted from the article]

Tourmaline mining in Maine began with the first find of gem-quality tourmaline at Mt. Mica in 1820 and continues today at numerous localities. In October 1972, on the eastern slopes of Plumbago Mountain in Newry, Maine, the largest single discovery of gem-quality tourmaline in North America was unearthed - more than a ton in all. Mt. Mica, the Havey quarry, and the quarries at Mt. Marie are all notable contemporary locations for gem tourmaline in Maine. [Extracted from the article]

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles including "Mineral Oddities" by Robert Cook in the January/February 2009 issue and "Spessartine from Navegadora Mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil" by John White in the January/February 2009 issue, and one which calls for papers for the Gem and Mineral Show on February 13, 2010.

In the late 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s he focused extensively (though by no means exclusively) on Tsumeb (fig. 2), during which time he and his business partner, Frederick "Rick" Ludlow Smith, were responsible for bringing vast quantities of Tsumeb specimens to collectors in the United States and beyond. At the Tucson Gem and Mineral Society (TGMS) Show in 2014, and again in 2015, I had the enormous privilege of sitting down with Charlie to discuss some of his memories of visits to Tsumeb and his role in bringing so many Tsumeb specimens from southern Africa to the United States. B M. S.: I read somewhere that you have estimated that the value of dioptase from Tsumeb exceeded the value of all other Tsumeb collector minerals combined? Charlie was much more than a successful mineral dealer; his knowledge of specimen mineralogy was quite extraordinary, and he had a willingness to share that knowledge in a friendly, modest, and relaxed manner. [Extracted from the article]

Even though beryl mining in New Hampshire has rarely been economically viable, the mineral clubs of New Hampshire proposed beryl as the state mineral because it is essential for a modern economy and because there are notable occurrences in the state. Bertrandite in LCT pegmatites is an alteration product of beryl, and in some cases, it completely replaces beryl or lines the cavities left by dissolved beryl crystals. Beryl is a beryllium aluminum silicate, Be SB 3 sb Al SB 2 sb Si SB 6 sb O SB 18 sb , containing approximately 5.3 weight percent beryllium in ideal beryl with slightly less in common beryl, a sufficient concentration for beryl to be considered an ore of the metal. Beryl: Be3Al2Si6O18 Beryl is the most widespread beryllium mineral and was the most important ore of beryllium until superseded by bertrandite in the early 1960s. Bob Janules, a New Hampshire mineral field collector, reviewed the first draft, and his experience in collecting New Hampshire beryllium minerals greatly contributed to this article. [Extracted from the article]

Penetration Twins Penetration twins of the sort seen in neptunite are composed of two individuals that are identical (ideally) and cross at an angle that is determined by the twin law and described by the Miller indices of the twin law. Comparison with figure 11 shows that the correct twin plane is (10 Graph HT ht ), not (90 Graph HT ht ). One of these planes is the true twin plane - it has the same Miller indices as the twin law; the other one, at right angles, has different and in most cases irrational indices and is referred to as a contact plane but not a twin plane. The crystallographic "law" of simple rational indices states that major planes on crystals, including both faces and twin planes, typically have Miller indices involving small integer values (usually 5 or less). [Extracted from the article]

Cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements from a few single crystals and fragments of Pulsifer apatite in general showed areas of bright yellow-green CL emission corresponding to pale purple or white parts of the apatite. Purple apatite is a rare variety of fluorapatite that is widely distributed in many rock types. Description of the Roebling Apatite The Roebling apatite is considered by many mineral collectors to be one of the finest specimens of fluorapatite ever discovered. The best purple apatite specimens were mined from the Pulsifer quarry and include the world-famous Roebling apatite, which currently resides in the mineral collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (fig. 1). [Extracted from the article]

It certainly has the longest history of exploitation of all other minerals in the region and perhaps is even the oldest mineral/gemstone exploited by man since the Neolithic Period (Wyatt, Bariand, and Filippi [26]). Identified in the gemstones were inclusions of calcite and pyrite, two minerals known to occur in lazurite but not common in afghanite. Afghanite, (Na,K) SB 22 sb Ca SB 10 sb (Si SB 24 sb Al SB 24 sb O SB 96 sb )(SO SB 4 sb ) SB 6 sb Cl SB 6 sb (fig. 1), is a member of the cancrinite group of feldspathoid minerals with a crystal structure defined as an eight-layer member of this group (Ballirano et al. [5], [2]; Ballirano, Maras, and Buseck [4]). Geology, Gems, and Minerals of Afghanistan The regional geology of Afghanistan has been succinctly summarized by the British Geological Survey (BGS) (https://www..bgs.ac.uk/AfghanMinerals/geology.htm; accessed May 2021). [Extracted from the article]

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the articles in the previous issues including "Belvidere Mountain Asbestos Quarries, Lowell/Eden, Vermont," about a water-clear Herkimer quartz with a suspended smoky Herkimer quartz, and "U.S. Gemstones That Are Blue."

An examination of specimens suggests the sand-calcite crystals formed in a deposit of fine-grained loose quartz sand into which a mixture of rounded pebbles, from crystalline rocks unrelated to the original sand deposit, was added. Changed conditions cause crystallization to stop or it would cement the loose sand and sand crystals into a mass of sandstone; evidence of this is noted at several sand-calcite localities. Reproduced with permission Single sand-calcite crystals are found near the bottom of the sand layer, and with increasing height the number of crystals increases from doublets and triplets until they became crowded clusters (Barbour [1]). When minerals such as calcite (CaCO SB 3 sb ), gypsum (CaSO SB 4 sb -2H SB 2 sb O), and baryte (BaSO SB 4 sb ) form in sand beds, grains of sand are generally incorporated into the crystals. [Extracted from the article]

Although the quote is specific to the orebody of the now-abandoned marble quarry, it also suggests the potential for contact metamorphism and metasomatism that impacted and altered the actinolite and the specular hematite into nephrite and magnetite. Mineralogy/Petrology of the Nephrite Nephrite jade is essentially a monomineralic rock composed of amphiboles from the actinolite-tremolite series with occasional other impurities (Ling et al. [8]). B For well over half a century b , Southern California collectors have known about and tried to collect black nephrite jade with sparkling rosettes of magnetite from a unique deposit adjacent to the Verde Antique Marble quarry (Sec. 28, T. 7 N., R. 2 W., San Bernardino base and meridian). Magnetite in nephrite has been identified in many other nephrite jade deposits worldwide. [Extracted from the article]

Franklinite was named by Pierre Berthier (1782-1861), a chemist and mineralogist at École des Mines, Paris, France, in 1819. In about 1848, the mineral rights to the Mine Hill properties were split from the surface ownership into two deeds, one for franklinite ore and the second for zinc[ite] ore. In January 2017, New Jersey State Senators Steven V. Oroho and Joseph M. Kyrillos Jr. introduced a bill, NJ S2890, to designate "franklinite" as the official mineral of the state of New Jersey. The published summary of the bill stated that "In a poll conducted by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection with several thousand national participants, 96 percent voted in support of Franklinite as the New Jersey State mineral. [Extracted from the article]

B I first learned of plans b for the University of Arizona (U of A) Alfie Norville Gem and Mineral Museum while attending a meeting of the Arizona Minions (a local group of mineral enthusiasts) in May 2017. Selecting the Paint When testing paint samples for a fluorescent mineral display, it is vital to check them both under white light and then under all three wavelengths of UV light. [Extracted from the article]

Mike was active around the world - I would see him in Munich or Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, but it is certainly Mexico that brought Mike to the attention of the collector world. Along with Sandra, Mike collected at Jerome, Arizona, where he made a find that plunged him deep into the mineral business - the azurite rosettes recovered were snapped up by collectors, and a mineral dealer was hatched. Mike's son, Jason, had been working for his father for many years as comanager, which would free up Mike to go collect the next new find. [Extracted from the article]

Adamite microcrystals and/or mixed iron-oxide pseudomorphs after adamite or legrandite are common on Ojuela matrix, but although adamite is known from Flor de Peña, it is not known in association with legrandite there, so this may be a diagnostic Ojuela indicator. Isolated freestanding crystals are common as are sheaves, sprays, and bundles of fibrous crystals to 8 cm long. Ojuela legrandites occur on a rich, red-brown vuggy gossan matrix, commonly with tiny adamite crystals in the vugs. The relationship between legrandite and adamite (and paradamite?) is apparently not a happy one as shown by groups of goethite pseudomorphs after robust legrandite crystals to 3 cm across and 12 cm long, and 5-cm-diameter (fig. 8) adamite balls with hollow internal molds where legrandite crystals 1.5 cm across and at least 3 cm long once resided. Orange-yellow crystals of legrandite associated with scalenohedral crystals of pink smithsonite, 4 cm, from the so-called zinc pocket, 44 level, in the third oxidation zone of the Tsumeb deposit. [Extracted from the article]

The Emmons pegmatite, noted for its many phosphates, is Maine's most species-rich pegmatite. The Emmons pegmatite (fig. 1) is an example of a highly evolved boron-lithium-cesium-tantalum-enriched pegmatite. The Emmons pegmatite, one of Maine's major micromineral locations, is not the only pegmatite on Uncle Tom Mountain: the highly evolved Dumper Dew pegmatite ([29]) and the larger but less evolved Tiger Bill pegmatite are two of the other pegmatites. In the Emmons pegmatite, "biotite" occurs only in the wall zone as platy to elongated crystals to 8 cm. This mode of occurrence is typical for more evolved pegmatites worldwide. The Emmons pegmatite is a highly evolved boron-lithium-cesium-tantalum-enriched pegmatite formed by anatexis of migmatites ([27]; [31]) as a result of postorogenic, prerifting extension and decompressional melting about 250 Ma. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the amethyst clustera found in the waters in Thunder Bay districts in Ontario, Canada. It tells about the hematite after coming in contact with the amethyst crystal turns the crytal's colour red. It tells about the mineroligy studied in Canada to understand the changes in the amethyst crystal.

The article focuses on tattoo as mineral art which refers from Polynesian culture that means to mark or write on something. It mentions the increase in number of mineral collectors who expressed their love on minerals by choosing mineral design for their tattoo. It cites mineral collector Rory Boyan whose tattoo shows the structure of a tourmaline molecule. It adds Bruce Jarnot whose tattoo represents as a celebration for his years of collecting pegmatite minerals for more than forty years.

The article focuses on the qualities and characteristics of wulfenites from Tsumeb, Namibia. Discussion of the history of the first discovery of wulfenites through different mines in the area that lead to the growth of collections in various museums is offered. Description of the different specimens, crystallography, habit and color of wulfenites that were produced in the area is also mentioned.

The article discusses the quartz scepters found at the Little Gem amethyst mine in Jefferson County, Montana. Topics including the history of the mining, geology, and resumption of mining operations, are also discussed. The area around the Little Gem is said to have hosted several pegmatites that have produced quartz crystal specimens.

The article offers information on gem collector Jeffrey Edward Post. Topics discussed include is his educational and professional qualifications, and the awards and honors won by him. Also being discussed are postite, and crystal of postite from the Blue Cap mine, Lyon Canyon Creek, San Juan County, Utah.

The article reports that precious metals like gold and silver have been used for currency around the Mediterranean since at least the third millennium BC. The wire form is an unusual and relatively rare mineral habit characterized by elongate hairlike growths with longitudinally parallel striations and wiry, sometimes contorted, tendrils. Silver is a highly malleable and ductile metal with a brilliant white luster, a result of its excellent reflectance across the entire visible spectrum.

The article presents the blue gems that will be featured at the 2016 Tucson Gem and Mineral Show to be held in Tucson, Arizona. These includes the Star Blue Quartz which displays light-reflecting starlike lines after polished and oriented into cabochon. It notes the copper-bearing phosphate mineral turquoise. It mentions the Blue Topaz crystal that features a dark blue color and sharp crystal form.

The article discusses the mineralogy of the pegmatite such as beryl discovered at the Aldrich quarry in Stoneham, Oxford Hills, Portland, Maine. It states that beryl crystals are found in pegmatite and cavities and is the result of hydrothermal crystallization. It mentions that the pegmatites in Maine are the source of the finest gems in North America.

The article features prominent earth science aspects of several states in the U.S. which have imposed laws designating their choice of iconic earth science symbols such as minerals, fossils, rocks, and gemstones. The 2015 Denver Gem and Mineral Show will highlight minerals, rocks, and fossils from Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada. An overview of several mineral specimens is presented.

The article presents apatite gemstones produced in several localities with gemological details. Among the discussed localities include areas in Africa such as Kenya, Madagascar and Namibia with different color stones and the described as cat's eye, areas in Asia such as India, Kazakhstan and Myanmar with yellow-green color cushion cut apatite and exhibits alexandrite effect, and in areas in North America such as in Canada, California, and Mexico with the octagonal step cut flourapatite.

The article focuses on the classic occurrence of danburite crystals near the Russell village in Lawrence County, New York. Information about the different danburite species found in the area, including allanite- (Ce), chalcocite (Cu2S), and pyrite (FeS2), are provided. Significance of the danburite collection is also discussed.

The article reports on the look at the University of Michigan Mineral Collection in Ann Arbor, Michigan. According to the author, the mineralogy collection contains about 15,000 mineral specimens as of July 2013. The author adds that the collection also contains several thousand cut gemstones and related materials, meteorites, and a collection of rocks from early expeditions to Antarctica.

The article examines some representative fossils and minerals of the Prairie du Chien Group in the Upper Mississippi Valley. According to the author, the rugged terrain in counties that border the upper Mississippi River Valley from St. Paul, Minnesota to Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin provides many productive collecting opportunities. The author adds that bluffs, quarries, and stream valleys expose rich natural and artificial sections of Paleozoic formations.

The article discusses the locations where the mineral tourmaline can be found. According to the author, although many localities in the U.S. have produced very large tourmaline crystals with most approaching or meeting the crystal definition of one dimension being at least 1 meter are schorl. The author adds that Brazil has produced some exceptionally large schorl crystals.

The article focuses on the different localities in Montana which are rich in minerals and gemstones. It notes that there are several deposits located in Beaverhead County such as anderson, argenta pyrophyllite, and black rock. At the Big Horn County, it mentions that crystals of barite and calcite can be discovered in concretions in the north of the county.