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Copyright of Journal of Northeastern University (Social Science) / Dongbei Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) is the property of Dongbei Daxue and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the process of pursuing a Chinese path to modernization that advocates the promotion of harmony between humanity and nature, dealing with the synergy of multi-target environmental regulation policies is an important task towards the modernization of China's governance system and capacity. In this context, can synergistic environmental policies more effectively promote industrial transformation and upgrading when facing the two strategic tasks of building a beautiful China and achieving the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality? Existing research has no answer to this question. This study used the policy of establishing ' acid rain and SO2 pollution control zones' and the low-carbon city pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment of environmental policy synergy and combined the influences of the effective government and the efficient market within a unified analytical framework. Using the panel data of 282 prefecture level cities and above in China from 2003 to 2020, this study used the difference-in-differences model to examine the impact of the constraints of the dual environmental objectives, i.e., pollution control and carbon reduction, on the transformation and upgrading of regional industries. The results showed that: (J) Comparing with a single environmental regulation, the synergistic effects of the pollution control and carbon reduction policies were better at promoting regional industrial transformation and upgrading, and the conclusion consistently held through a series of robustness tests. © The mechanism analysis showed that under the dual environmental objectives, the effective government could stimulate regional industrial transformation and upgrading via the regulatory effect of fiscal expenditure. Simultaneously, the efficient market could motivate micro-enterprises to generate relocation and innovative compensatory effects to realize the transformation and upgrading of regional industries. Further research revealed distinct heterogeneity in the transformation and upgrading of regional industries under the dual environmental objectives. The zones with the two pilot policies had a more pronounced impact on the industrial transformation and upgrading of eastern regions, non-traditional industrial bases, regions with heightened environmental consciousness, and areas with superior environmental infrastructure. This study suggests that: ( Local governments should coordinate the overall situation and avoid the blind development of energy-intensive and highly polluting projects. © They should maximize the financial sector's role as a mainstay, attracting and directing more social capital towards green and low-carbon industries. © They should divide and implement national targets for reducing pollution and carbon emissions based on local conditions, and explore experiences and models that can be popularized and replicated. ® They should increase innovation incentives to encourage the synergy of low-carbon technology and low-pollution emission control technology. ® They should also deploy tailored policies that cater to specific regional conditions, foster the profound integration of regional resources, and maximize the potential advantages of each region's synergistic development in pollution control and carbon reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource allocation efficiency is one of the most important themes of economic research, so research on environmental policy and resource allocation is an important aspect to evaluate the economic effects of environmental policies. This paper first briefly reviews the research context of the theory of resource reallocation and resource misallocation and then analyzes the conceptual implications and accounting methods of resource reallocation and resource misallocation. Secondly, this paper takes the theoretical assumptions and mechanisms of different models as the main line, systematically sorts out the relevant literature on the impact of environmental policies on resource reallocation and resource misallocation, summarizes and reviews relevant theoretical and empirical research, and puts forward the shortcomings of the research and future direction of expansion. Finally, this paper makes a brief comment on the research status of China’ s environmental policies and resource allocation and puts forward their research prospect. This paper finds that: ① From the perspective of resource reallocation, environmental policies affect the reallocation of resources across firms or within firms by changing the entry and exit conditions, inhibiting the degree of product market competition, and changing product mix. By distorting factor prices, these policies lead to the deviation of the equilibrium allocation of factors from the optimal allocation of firms, thereby causing resource misallocation. ② The conclusions on how the initial distortion affects the resource reallocation effect of environmental policies, or whether environmental policies can mitigate the resource misallocation caused by the initial distortion, differ de⁃ pending on the form of the initial distortion. ③ The existing literature on environmental policies and resource allocation is insufficient in terms of research perspectives, research methods, and research scenarios, and the research conclusions on the impact of environmental policies on resource allocation efficiency usually depend on the relevant assumptions and research scenarios of benchmark models. The theoretical analysis results and the degree of influence under different frameworks of benchmark models are different. This paper believes that, based on the Chinese scenario, theoretical breakthroughs in the measurement of the micro-mechanisms and effects of environmental policies affecting resource allocation, environmental policies and industrial transformation and upgrading, environmental policies and resource space mismatches, etc., may be a marginal contribution of China’ s research on development economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The river chief system is a policy innovation to deal with water pollution implemented by local governments from the bottom and the central government from the top in China. It is of theoretical and practical significance for preventing water pollution, protecting the water environment, and building ecological civilization to comprehensively review the diffusion mechanism of the river chief system and empirically test its implementation effect and influence mechanism. We used the DID model to evaluate the impact of the river chief system on water pollution based on the micro-enterprise data of the Yangtze River Delta matched with the statistical database of in‑ dustrial enterprises and the green development database. We found that the result did not satisfy the common trend hypothesis, so we used the multi-period DDD model to identify the implementation impact of the river chief system on the discharge of water pollutants in enterprises and to examine the transmission mechanism of its impact on pollution discharge. The results showed that: ① The river chief system had a significant impact on the reduction of water pollutants in the water pollution industry and could significantly prevent water pollution in the Yangtze River Delta. ② The implementation of the river chief system could improve corporate environmental perfor‑ mance by increasing investment in environmental innovation and reducing production, while reducing their total factor productivity in the short term. ③ The implementation impact of the river chief system had a heterogeneous ownership and policy motivation, which had a stronger regulatory effect on private enterprises. State-owned enterprises with stronger environmental awareness had a greater selfdrive for emission reduction, but the regulatory effect on state-owned enterprises was weak. The enterprises in the region that actively implemented the river chief system had better emission reduction and pollution control effects, while the implementation of the river chief system at the request of the superior government weakened the impact of the river chief system policy. In the process of fully im‑ plementing the river chief system, local governments should continue to fully implement the policy, guide enterprises to continuously in‑ crease innovation investment to improve their pollution control ability through technological upgrading, enhance their environmental awareness through strengthening social supervision, and actively carry out appropriate innovation on the environment protection system so as to improve the motivation and subjective initiative of governments at all levels to strictly implement the river chief system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Smart cities are a product of the integration of the new urbanization process and information technology development in China, while inclusive green growth is an important strategic concept for economic development transformation. Whether the smart city pilot policy can promote inclusive green growth in China still needs to be tested. Based on panel data from 210 prefecture level and above cities from 2009 to 2020, this study used the multi-period difference-in-differences method to learn the impact of the smart city pilot policy on inclusive green growth in China, followed by a series of robustness tests. In addition, the sub-system path, location heterogeneity, and spatial spillover effects of policy effects were also examined. The results showed that: (J) The construction of smart cities would have a significant positive impact on inclusive green growth, and the policy effects would gradually increase over time. The construction of smart cities had a significant promoting effect on both economic growth and green growth, but the impact on inclusive growth was not significant. © There was significant regional heterogeneity in the impact of smart city construction on inclusive green growth. There was a significant positive impact in the eastern and western regions, a significant negative impact in the northeast region, and an insignificant impact in the central region. © The policy effects of smart city construction had significant spatial spillover characteristics. Smart city construction could significantly promote economic growth and green growth in adjacent non-pilot areas but could only significantly promote economic growth in adjacent pilot areas. Therefore, in the critical period of China's economic transformation and upgrading, in order to enhance the promotion of the pilot policy on inclusive green growth, on the one hand, the construction of smart cities should focus on promoting inclusive growth and formulating reasonable pilot goals according to local conditions based on the resource endowment of each region. On the other hand, it is necessary to promote the exchange of piloting experience and innovation resources among regions and arrange the investment level of innovation resources reasonably to avoid the occurrence of ' depression effect' and ' siphon effect.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental protection tax is an important tool for China to deal with environmental problems when the country' s environmental governance faces severe challenges. China' s current environmental protection tax system is largely an extension of the sewage charging system. There are some problems, such as the need to adjust the tax base, unreasonable tax rates, imperfect preferential policies, and the need to improve the efficiency of tax collection and management. Comprehensively evaluating the impact of environmental protection tax and optimizing the design of the environmental protection tax rate from the perspective of economic, environmental, and innovation synergy is of great value to improving China' s environmental governance system and realizing the transformation of the green economy. This study theoretically analyzed the impact of environmental protection tax on enterprise development; constructed a simulation model to analyze the impact of environmental protection tax; and numerically simulated the comprehensive impact of different environmental protection tax implementation intensity (IEPT) from 2006 to 2019 by using the mixed data of Chinese micro-enterprises and provincial panels and the scenario analysis method to predict the multi-dimensional impact of environmental protection tax in 2030. The results showed that: ① From 2006 to 2019, China' s environmental protection tax rate was at a low level, which was less than the optimal IEPT. The relationship between the optimal IEPT and the synergy index was 'inverted-U' shaped; that is, with the continuous rise of IEPT, the synergy index also showed the trend of rising first and then fluctuating and declining. ② Over time, the optimal IEPT showed an overall upward trend. ③ When the development level and demands of the economy, environment, and innovation became different, the optimal IEPT would also change. Finally, this study puts forward policy suggestions for China' s environmental protection tax reform: ① After fully investigating the operation status and innovation development status of regional inter-industry enterprises, we should consider further refining regional and industrial heterogeneous pricing strategies within the scope of regional environmental carrying capacity. ② A dynamic adjustment mechanism for the tax rate of environmental protection tax should be established to gradually increase the tax rate and give full play to the policy effect of environmental protection tax. ③ The environmental protection tax should be used to establish a special fund for innovation support, to avoid bringing higher environmental costs to innovative enterprises due to the increase in the environmental protection tax rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production, transportation and use of chemicals can lead to the exposure of emerging contaminants to the environment. Emerging contaminants bring great risks to ecological environment and human health. The meaning, classification and hazard of emerging contaminants are briefly introduced. The distribution characteristics and pollution status of emerging contaminants in domestic are analyzed. And the environmental management policy development and monitoring treatment technique status quo of emerging contaminants are summarized. In view of the existing problems, suggestions are put forward from environmental management, monitoring and analysis technique, and treatment technique of emerging contaminants to provide reference for the realization of risk control of emerging contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China' s goal of achieving peak carbon emissions by 2030 is the fundamental foundation for its scheduled achievement of carbon neutrality by 2060. Taking 280 prefectural-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019 as the research object and the achievement of the carbon peak goal by 2030 as the rigid constraint, this study proposed the logic of 'symbiosis-co-governance-sharing' and focused on the characteristics of symbiosis on carbon emissions and air pollution. On the basis of the quantitative decomposition of the annual goal of reaching peak carbon emissions and the identification of the profit and loss deviation on both carbon emissions and air pollution, this study examined the co-governance synergistic effects of carbon and air pollution and the sharing paths. The results showed that: (1) The goal of reaching peak carbon emissions played a significant synergistic role in reducing pollution and carbon emissions, which could promote the development of cities from deviation to balance and optimization and promote the urban function of making ' bad to good, good to better, and better to best, (2) The synergistic effects of the carbon peak goal on reducing pollution and carbon emissions showed a significant heterogeneous selection effect. In China' s western cities, resource-based cities, environmental protection key cities, and first-mover cities, these effects played a more important role and had a stronger influence. (3) The sharing paths of the synergistic effects lay in the dual perspectives of 'internal' and 'external' source management-process control-end-of-pipe blocking and the dynamic matching of external environmental policy uncertainty. In the continuous promotion of the ' dual carbon' goals, close attention should be paid to carbon reduction and the optimization of the design of multiple sharing paths to enhance the synergistic effects of carbon and pollution reduction. In specific, we should: (1) strengthen source management, control total fossil energy consumption at the source, adjust industrial structure, and focus on energy saving and consumption reduction; (2) strictly control process management, investigate the pollution transfer phenomenon caused by differences in environmental regulation levels and the consequences of profit and loss deviation, and promote the construction of green transportation system through multi-wheel drive; (3) highlight end-of-pipe blocking, implement the whole process of governance, monitoring, and emission reduction, enhance green innovation and fully utilize carbon reduction and sink increase; (4) use dynamic adjustment to achieve internal and external matching and timely implement environmental policies according to local conditions so as to achieve adjustment and precise regulations on time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern ecology is an analytical method and philosophical concept to solve major resource, environmental and ecological issues encountered during global sustainable development. In the long-term development processes, ecology constantly absorbed and integrated knowledge from related disciplines, forms a system of modern ecology and ecosystem science that closely related to climate system, biological system and socio-economic system, and raises ecosystem principles that directly support the practices of regional ecological restoration and environmental governance. The national needs in the new stage have given ecology a new mission. It is urgently needed to summarize and condense the principles of macro-ecosystems and apply them to regional ecological restoration and environmental governance with the aim to promote the high-quality development of society and economy. Against the background of the multiple severe challenges faced by global sustainable development, we comprehensively elaborated the logics and scientific mission of ecosystem science, organized the principle system of ecosystem science related to ecological restoration and environmental governance, and discussed major academic problems in regional ecological restoration and environmental governance of China. Finally, we emphasized that China has several regional macro-ecosystems of global significances. Conducting theoretical and practical research on macro-ecosystem is not only an urgent need for the construction of ecological civilization, but also the forefront of ecosystem science research, which is expected to make new contributions to theory development of ecology, and global ecological and environmental governance.

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plastic pollution is a global concern and an issue in environmental governance. Based on the updated "Plastic Prohibition/Restriction Order" issued recently in China, the present study systematically reviewed the implementation effectiveness of the "Plastic Prohibition/Restriction Order" since 2007. Furthermore, we summarized plastics in China and plastic waste management progress policies. Additionally, three deficiencies of the updated "Plastic Prohibition/Restriction Order" were discussed:policy formulation, implementation, and supervision. Some positive recommendations were provided based on the available reports, such as integrating plastic pollution into national basic laws and regulation systems, building a network platform for public attendance, and coordinating the publicity of the "Plastic prohibition/Restriction Order" with the public interest. Besides these measurements, some points about plastic waste management in the future were also highlighted, such as the "blind area" in small retail stores, the rational sharing of environmental protection responsibility, new materials and processes, and recycling and disposal systems for plastic wastes. Most importantly, the present study could provide ideas for policy-makers to address plastic pollution at its sources.

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As urban agglomerations have become the main spatial organization form in China, it is of great significance to carry out environmental cooperative governance based on urban agglomerations. Research on the interaction of environmental regulation enforcement among cities can provide a new explanation for the competition and cooperation in terms of pollution control in urban agglomerations. This article selected three types of environmental regulation policy tools: market-incentive, command-and-control, and their combinations, and analyzed the interaction pattern of environmental regulations based on the theoretical mechanism derivation and the two zone spatial Durbin model by using the panel data of 103 cities in China. Then, the SLX model was used to explore the impact of the interaction of environmental regulations on the cooperative governance of pollution in five urban agglomerations. The results showed that the market-incentive environmental regulation was not fully implemented, which meant that some cities adopted a 'race to the bottom' strategy in response of the competition with their neighbors. After combining market-incentive environmental regulation with command and-control environmental regulation, the pattern of environmental regulation interaction between cities changed from ' race to the bottom' to 'race to the top'. This interactive characteristic was particularly significant in the Yangtze River Delta and the Chengdu Chongqing urban agglomerations. However, the 'racing to the top' characteristic of these two urban agglomerations had different effects on the intercity environmental cooperation: there was a synergy effect caused by strong spillover effect of environmental regulation implementation in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration rather than in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to provide scientific basis for developing more reasonable and effective environmental standards (ESs), China has taken its own environmental criteria (EC) research strategy in recent years. For the purpose of developing a transformation mechanism from EC to ESs suitable for China, current EC and ESs in China were compared with those in some developed countries, such as the USA, Canada and Australia. Four common characteristics of transformation from EC to ESs in developed countries and corresponding problems in China were drawn through the comparison, based on which a framework for transformation from EC to ESs was established. The framework was composed by three parts: (1) relevant national and local agencies and responsibilities; (2) steps for transformation including affecting factors and their interactions; (3) and policies for solving current problems in China.

Clarifying the direction and strategy of water eco-environment protection in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is of great significance for realizing the water eco-environment protection and high-quality, coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, as well as the goal of building a beautiful China by 2035. From the perspective of "Three Waters" overall planning, based on the urban scale of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, this study constructed six dimensions of water resources, water environment, water ecology (Three Waters), socio-economic development level, pollutant emissions, and environmental governance efforts. The water eco-environment protection strategy analysis system provided a logical framework for quantifying the current status of the water eco-environment. The ideal value was compared in each city, the PROMETHEE method was used to quantify the gap between each city and the ideal value of water eco-environment protection, and the current situation of the water eco-environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities was evaluated. Additionally, water eco-environment protection strategies were formulated according to local conditions. The ranking of the comprehensive level of water eco-environment protection from high to low was Beijing>Tianjin>Qinhuangdao>Hengshui>Zhangjiakou>Langfang>the mean value of net flow value (Phi)>Handan>Chengde>Cangzhou>Baoding>Tangshan>Shijiazhuang>Xingtai; a large gap remained between the level and the ideal value. The hierarchical analysis showed that the advantages and disadvantages of each city's water eco-environment protection were different from dimensions to indicators, and they had the characteristics of local water eco-environment protection. Future efforts should determine the water ecological, environmental protection indicator level of each city in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, conduct a separate analysis for each city, and propose protection strategies for future development, as well as continue to help the water eco-environmental protection in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

By using CLUE-S model, a scenario analysis was made on the land use/cover change in the upper reaches of Minjiang River from 2000 to 2020, based on the historic development trend and the regulations of policies "natural forest protection" and "grain for green". In 2000-2020, according to the historic development trend, the forestland area (landscape matrix) in the study region would have a continual decrease while the shrub land and grassland areas would be increased, and the landscape pattern would be more fragmental. The implementation of the policies "natural forest protection" and "grain for green" would effectively increase forestland area, being able to reverse the trend of landscape fragmentation and more optimize the landscape pattern.

Clarifying the regional natural capital utilization and its spatial effects and influencing factors has important theoretical and practical significance for regional sustainable development. Here, we used a three-dimensional ecological footprint model, exploratory spatial data analysis, a spatial Markov chain, and a spatial panel Durbin model to explore the spatial effects and influencing factors of overall and subcategory natural capital flow and stock occupancy of 112 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2018. The results showed that the total, per capita, and subcategory natural capital flow and stock occupancy increased during the study period. Most of the regions with low overall and subcategory natural flow occupancy were located in the East, whereas most of the regions with high overall and subcategory natural flow occupancy were mostly located in the Central and Wes-tern area. However, their stock occupancy behaved differently. Except for farmland stock, the overall and subcategory natural capital flow and stock occupancy showed spatial agglomeration. The traditional and spatial Markov chain presented a "Matthew effect" and a "spatial spillover effect" in natural capital flow and stock occupancy. Economic growth and industrial structure positively affected natural capital flow and stock occupancy. Population growth positively affected natural capital flow occupancy. Urbanization rate negatively affected natural capital flow occupancy, and positively impacted natural capital stock occupancy. Government intervention negatively affected the farmland flow and fossil fuels land stock occupancy. Environmental governance negatively affected the natural capital flow occupancy, but positively affected the natural capital stock occupancy. Environmental pollution positively affected natural capital flow and stock occupancy.

Baiyangdian Lake is the largest shallow lake in the North China Plain. Due to the increases in upstream water consumption in recent decades, the amount of natural water entering the lake has decreased, resulting in a significant drop in the water level of Baiyangdian Lake. Severe eutrophication has occurred in Baiyangdian Lake owing to the discharge of domestic sewage around the sub-lakes. With the establishment of the Xiong'an New Area in 2017, the importance of environmental governance and protection of Baiyangdian Lake has been unprecedentedly increased. The implementation of ecological water supplement from upstream reservoirs and other basins has significantly increased water level of Baiyangdian Lake. Moreover, domestic sewage from surrounding rural areas was collected. In order to understand the current state of water quality in Baiyangdian Lake, and to evaluate the effects of the previous water replenishment and pollution control projects, we investigated water physicochemical variables and aquatic organisms of Baiyangdian Lake in August 2019. We evaluated water quality status of Baiyangdian Lake based on water quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton and macrozoobenthos, by comparing with the evaluation based on the survey data in 2010. In addition, submerged macrophytes were used to evaluate the water ecological status. The results showed that the water quality state of Baiyangdian Lake in 2019 was greatly improved compared with 2010. Among them, total phosphorus concentration decreased by 88.6%, total nitrogen concentration decreased by 83.9%, chlorophyll a concentration decreased by 47.8%, and the Seechi depth increased by 43.4%. The diversity of zooplankton and macrozoobenthos were significantly increased, the density of phytoplankton was significantly reduced, the dominant species of phytoplankton changed from a general highly eutrophic type to a eutrophic type, and the distribution of the clean-type submerged macrophytes was narrowed. The evaluation methods based on submerged macrophytes species and based on zooplankton diversity were not suitable for water quality evaluation in Baiyangdian Lake. In the early stage, the pollution source of Baiyangdian Lake was concentrated in the west, which led to lower water quality. Nowadays, due to the water replenishment from the west, north and south, the hydrodynamic conditions changed significantly. In the west, pollution control projects were carried out, and the spatial distribution of water quality in Baiyangdian Lake are showing a characteristics of homogenization.

Copyright of Journal of Southern Yangtze University: Humanities & Social Sciences Edition is the property of Jiangnan Daxue and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Co-driven by environmental change and human activity, global ecosystem has been experiencing rapid changes, with cascading effects on resources and environment. The changes of ecosystem status and its spatiotemporal evolution drivers, and the related resource and environmental effects have been recognized as the long standing topics of large-scale terrestrial ecosystem science. The coordinated observation networks distributed across different continents and the globe provide the valuable tools for observing and evaluating ecosystem state change, for revealing and elaborating mechanisms underlying ecosystem response, for cognizing and understanding ecosystem evolution, and for predicting and early-warning of ecosystem change. Committing to serving the continental-scale ecosystem science and supporting regional ecological environmental governance, this review first comprehensively analyzed the current status of ecological environment observation research networks, then proposed their development directions. This review advocated to develop a collaborative observation system with characteristics of multi-element, multi-interface, multi-medium, multi-process, multi-scale and multi-method, and to establish the new generation of continental ecosystem observation-experiment research network composed of high technology integration, regional distribution network, network management intellectualization, long-term observation & experiment, multi-functional model simulations, and remote data integration and resource sharing. We elaborated on the function orientation, design philosophy, design scheme, construction objectives and technical system of the research network. We hoped provide references for the development of terrestrial ecosystem observation network in China.

Due to its vulnerability and anthropogenic disturbance, ecological problems in karst areas are prominent, such as vegetation destruction, soil erosion, and rocky desertification. Comprehensive analysis of ecological vulnerability and influencing factors in karst areas can provide scientific support for regional ecological restoration and environmental governance. With Guangnan County, a typical karst region in southeastern Yunnan, as an example, we constructed a karst regional eco-environmental vulnerability assessment index system from the perspective of natural and factitious factors. We used SPCA to assess the ecological vulnerability in 2000, 2010 and 2018. We further analyzed the temporal and spatial variations and explored its influencing factors by using geographic detectors. From 2000 to 2018, the changes of overall fragility were small, but the degree of fragility had been intensifying. The grade of ecological vulnerability was mainly slight fragile. The area with mild, moderate and severe fragility was increasing, while the area of extremely fragile showed no change. Guangnan County had a higher ecological vulnerability in the south of "Zhetu-Liancheng-Yangliujing-Banbang", and lower in the north. The spatial agglomeration effect of vulnerability was strong in this county. The north part of Guangnan was vulnerable low-low agglomeration areas, while the southwest and southeast parts were in high-fragility-high agglomeration areas. The implementation of ecological engineering was conducive to the improvement of regional ecological fragility, while the disturbance of human activities further deteriorated ecological fragility. The area proportion of rocky desertification and stratum lithology had stronger influence on ecological fragility of the karst area. The most important influencing factor of the karst ecological fragility was the development of karst carbonate rocks.

Terrestrial ecosystems are the core components of the biosphere, supporting human life, production and social and economic activities. With the development of human civilization and the progress of science and technology, the continued expanding resources utilization in terms of scale and intensity has caused environmental problems, including global climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental pollution, resource depletion and ecosystem degradation, which threaten the sustainable development of our society. The public expects ecological research providing scientific theories and systematic solutions for the utilization and protection of ecosystems at the continental and global scale, and the maintenance of sustainable development of human society as well. This study aimed to serve the ecological civilization construction in China, ecological security pattern construction, regional ecological and environmental governance, and the development of macrosystem ecology. We reviewed the effectiveness and experience of regional ecological and environmental governance in China, analyzed the scientific requirements and the characteristics of the times of China's eco-civilization construction towards large-scale ecological research, and proposed using a new philosophy, i.e ., nature-based macroecosystem approach, to improve the ecological and environmental governance and ecological security pattern construction at the regional scale. Based on the above-mentioned expounding, we discussed the strategic plan, technical approaches and technological support system of large-scale ecological security pattern construction and ecological and environmental governance in China. This review could provide theoretical references for safe, healthy and beautiful land spatial construction and the progress of eco-civilization of China.

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The key ecological function area plays an important role in providing ecosystem service. As the main players of economic activities in this area, the excessive dependence of local farmers on environmental resource will seriously influence ecological environment quality, and thus impair the ecosystem service. At present, it is urgent to explore the dependence of farmers' livelihoods on environmental resource and its influencing factors in key ecological function areas, which would provide reference for the formulation of environmental friendly regional development policies. We selected the Gannan Plateau as study area. Based on 581 survey data, we analyzed the dependence of farmers' livelihood on environmental resource, and used the ordinal multi-class Logistic regression model to identify its key impact factors. The results showed that local farmers were highly dependent on environmental resource in Gannan Plateau, which was mainly reflected in three aspects of food self-sufficiency, daily energy consumption and income source, with the dependence of 57.3%, 56.9% and 37.4%, respectively. There were significant differences in the dependence of different types of farmers' livelihoods on environmental resource, in that farmers with higher levels of education and higher non-agricultural levels had lower dependence and the farmers with high dependency ratio were more dependent on environmental resources. The factors including family dependency ratio, labor education level, proportion of migrant workers in labor force, family member leadership, ecological policy, and altitude had significant impact on farmers' environmental resource dependence. Among them, family dependency ratio and altitude had positive impact on it, while the proportion of migrant workers in labor force, labor education level, family member leadership, ecological policy had negative impact.

The industrial development in western China and the industrial structure adjustment in eastern China are both closely related to inter-regional industry transfer. During the process of regional industrial development and inter-regional industry transfer, environmental problems related to differences in environmental policies have become increasingly prominent. It can be observed that, on the one hand, the issue of environmental pollution in the western region is more severe than that in the eastern region on the other hand, the ratios of high-tech industry and GDP of the eastern region have been increasing year by year compared with those in the western region. It can be demonstrated to a large extent that the phenomenon and trend of "pollution moving westward, high-tech industry shifting eastward, and the value of industrial output agglomerating in the eastern region" have emerged. In response to this "phenomenon and trend, the existing literature has attached more attention to pollution moving westward" rather than make any integrated analysis of the relevant phenomenon like "high-tech industry shifting eastward." However, this paper, based on the New Economic Geography (NEG) paradigm, offers a unified explanation for this phenomenon by looking at the differences in regional environmental policies and regional industry transfer and taking full account of agglomeration economy and transport cost. For this purpose, this paper constructs a two-region, two-department and two-factor model, and further divides the manufacturing sector into high-pollution and low-pollution industries. This research shows that as long as the differences in environmental policies exist between the less-developed region and developed region, even if the difference is minor, there is only one stable equilibrium form: low-pollution industry agglomerates in the developed region while high-pollution industry is distributed in both regions, but mainly in the less-developed region. In other words, the regional industrial structure is very sensitive to differences in the environmental policy. The reason for this is that low marginal cost drives high-pollution industry to agglomerate in the less-developed region where the environmental policy is loose. The agglomeration of high-pollution industry in turn eventually drives low-pollution industry to agglomerate in the developed region through inter-industry demand substitution effects, even though "the low-pollution industry is not in an inferior position in the less-developed region. However, due to the relatively small proportion of environmental costs in the production costs of enterprises, the geographical distribution of the manufacturing sector is not sensitive to the differences in environmental policies. Further welfare analysis indicates that owing to the presence of the agglomeration economy, the developed regions have enjoyed a higher level of welfare while the less-developed region has to accept most of the high-pollution enterprises in the regional industrial transfer caused by the differences in environmental policies and has to suffer the welfare losses related to environment pollution. The policy implication of this paper is very clear. On the one hand the low-threshold environmental policies in the less-developed region will dramatically change the industrial structure of the two regions, "strongly expel low-pollution clean" industry, and at 'the same time attract a large number of high-pollution "contaminative" industries to agglomerate in less-developed regions. On the other hand, the regional policy of lowering the environmental standards in exchange for value of industrial output is actually of no help in increasing the regional share of manufacturing production or promoting local economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the impact of governmental low-carbon environmental policy on manufacturing/remanufacturing technology choice and to promote resources recycling and reusing, an automotive parts manufacturing/ remanufacturing system dynamics model of technology choice with the consideration of government incenting low carbon policy like carbon tax and subsidies is built. Based on simulation analysis of carbon tax and subsidies scenarios, we find that it is necessary to strengthen the government environmental policy enforcement to guide and promote the auto parts companies to choose low-carbon remanufacturing technology and to promote the development of China's automobile manufacturing industry. Among them, the combination of carbon taxes and subsidies policy may be a good policy to lead enterprises to choose remanufacturing. But the remanufacturing industry in China is just at the preliminary stage, the government need to strengthen environment conservation education and to standardize the recycling market in order to speed up the healthy development of Chinese auto parts remanufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initial Allowances allocation is an essential tache in the carbon trading system. The allocation mode and method will have influence on the efficiency of carbon market. According to the experiences in EU, U. S., New Zealand, Australia and Japan, the auction mode of allocation will enhance the market efficiency, while free allocation mode is superior in encouraging enterprises' participation. Furthermore, among different free allocation methods, grandfathering requires relatively simple data accumulation, while benchmarking is more effective in motivating enterprises with better emissions reduction performance. Since China is lack of experiences in emissions trading, in the initial phase of establishing an emissions trading system, the gradual hybrid mode starts with mainly free allocation would be a suitable choice; and the free allocation is better to use grandfathering at first, at the same time taking the emission reduction performance of enterprises into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing an appropriate regulatory system is a prerequisite for the development of carbon finance. Recently, the progress made in the field of financial supervision theories, including the demand, the system and the effects have provided valuable guidance for the establishing of regulatory system for carbon finance. From the practical experiences of EU ETS, we can conclude that it is essential to involve the spot and derivative instruments simultaneously to the existing financial regulatory system in the short term before setting up one more suitable mechanism in the future. It is advisable to combine the macro-prudential and micro-prudential regulations, that is, building a macro-prudential regulatory commission with the People's Bank of China as a leader, which takes the responsibility of identifying, monitoring and controlling the systematic risks, at the same time, founding up a specific sector in the People's Bank of China, which accounts for the micro-prudential regulation of carbon finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU ETS is now in its third phase starting from 2013. The revised directive approved in 2009 reforms the structural design of the EU ETS for Phase III, which is significantly different from Phase I and Phase II. The major change is the abolishment of the previous "national allocation plan", which is replaced by a single, EU-wide cap and more auctioning. Besides, other changes are as follows: expanding and streamlining the scope, limiting on the use of offsets and reinforcing the power at EU level. In conclusion, EU ETS is far more harmonized than before because of this reform which can provide reference for China's carbon emissions trading pilots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though there are comparatively complete environmental protection policies in present China, the environment is increasingly polluted and the ecology is increasingly destroyed, mainly because the macro-managerial system of environmental protection is not perfect, policies fail to be complemented, the concerned departments lack coordination in environmental protection, the environmental policies are not appropriate, and the wrong value orientation is adopted. So, the environmental policy must be adjusted, some administrative devices should be exerted, to improve the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an obvious disparity between different regions in our country, which is well reflected in our empirical study on the relationship between the environmental regulation and the economic growth in the eastern, middle, and western parts of China through giving an econometric analysis to the panel data of 30 provincial regions from 1998 to, 2006. In the long run, there is a causal relationship between the level of environmental regulation and the economic growth in these regions. In the short run, the influence of environmental regulation on the economic growth in the eastern region is significant and that in the middle region is weak; but in the western region, to some extent the economic growth promotes the environmental regulation. Therefore, it is necessary to take some effective measures to enhance the productive interaction and coordinated development of the environmental regulation and the economic growth in different regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish a paradigm for the studies on the Environment Law is not only crucial for building the theoretical system of the Environmental Law but also for guiding us to solve the environmental problems. At present, the revolutionary paradigm of "the integration of the subject and the object" , strongly advocated by some scholars, has not only demonstrated their clear awareness of the necessity of paradigm construction but also enabled the theory of the Environmental Law to develop in a pluralistic fashion. With human existence in the order of values ignored to some extent and with a focus on theoretical construction at the cost of its feasibility, this paradigm, however, encounters a lot of difficulties especially when it comes to coping with the environmental problems in practice. Therefore, the paradigm change in the studies on the Environmental Law should make a shift to the practice-orientedness under the guidance of the principles of "people-orientedness" and "balanced development". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The settlement of environmental disputes depends increasingly on a host of non-litigation devices including negotiation, mediation, administrative settlement, arbitration and other derivative methods. However in light of the unique character of the environmental disputes, litigation that still holds an unshakable prior position in settling environmental disputes should be acknowledged as the ultimate and most authorative way to seek remedy. But due to the inadequacy in the relevant legal system, litigation has been playing a marginal role in settling the environment disputes; the year-on-year increase of the environmental disputes in our country fails to bring about a corresponding growth of the environmental litigations. Therefore, in order to give an effective protection to people's environmental rights, among others, it is quite necessary to loosen the restrictions on the qualification of the plaintiffs, to encourage the litigation for the public interests, to improve the procedural regime for environmental disputes, and to accept group litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exhaustive exploitation of natural resources in the surrounding areas of a city led its whole area to face dangerous ecological condition and geological disasters, such as goaf caving taken place frequently. How to provide an ecological compensation mechanism for the city has become a hard task to cope with the local difficulties including financial deficits, lots of workers in poverty, unitary industrial mix, low GDP and especially the greatly diminished coal resource. To set up the ecological compensation mechanism of the city, what are needed include not only the governmental control means such as the financial transfer payment, administrative compensation for environmental disruption due to coal mining with taxation, charging or penalty for those persons who were responsible for the environmental pollution and disruption and developing alternative industries, but also the market control measures such as raising funds via BOT and issuing lottery for ecological compensation, guaranty funds for mining environment restoration and improving the market of prospecting/mining rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the flocs from cadmium pollution emergency treatment of Longjiang River in Guangxi province as the research object, the stability of the flocs in the simulated static reservoirs and acidic floods was investigated based on the effects of disturbance and pH on the stability of the flocs. The results indicated that disturbance and pH had great effects on the stability of the flocs, and the concentrations of Cd2+ followed the order of pH 5.0 >> pH 6.0 > pH 7. 0 approximately pH 8.0 > pH 9.0 with the original pH of water. When the original pH of water was 5.0, the concentrations of Cd2+ in samples were 19-58 times higher than the national standard limit, and when the original pH of water were 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0, respectively, the concentrations of Cd2+ in samples varied from below to 11 times higher than the national standard limit. The release of cadmium from the flocs was higher in the disturbed water, with the concentrations of Cd2+ in most samples higher than 5.0 microg x L(-1), and the highest was double of the national standard limit. In contrast, there was little release in the simulated static reservoirs, with the concentrations of Cd2+ in all samples below 5.0 microg x L(-1), which was lower than the national standard limit. Therefore, the flocs had good stability in the simulated static reservoirs. But it had poor stability in the simulated acidic floods, with higher release of cadmium, and the concentrations of Cd2+ in samples were 14-25 times higher than the national standard limit. Therefore, the monitoring of cadmium concentrations in the floods should be strengthened in the post project analysis for eco-environmental impact of Longjiang River.

As the whole society gradually realizes the scarcity of nature resources and environmental value, countries all over the world have evolved and improved the system of environmental damage assessment through the practices of pollution prevention and ecological environmental protection. On one hand, in the research prospective, the practices of environmental damage assessment brought new challenges to environmental law, environmental economics, environmental science, environmental engineering, etc. On the other hand, they constantly promoted and developed relevant laws and regulations, techniques, working mechanism, and guidelines on procedure in practice. On the hasis of comparison and analysis of international practices and experiences from US, EU, and Japan, etc., this article identified relevant concepts, content, and scope of environmental damage assessment, and presented its scientific positioning and development direction. At present, both theory and practice of environmental damage assessment in China are in their infancy period. Considering current environmental situation and socioeconomic development features of China, learning international practices and experiences and raising the orientation of environmental damage assessment have great meaning in exploring the suitable environmental damage assessment system.

In order to deal with the water pollution accident and take emergency measures effectively, water pollution forewarning decision support systems (DSS) is important to be established and water quality forewarning model is one of the hard points of DSS. Miyun Reservoir is the most important surface water sources of Beijing. Baihe River, which is the upstream river of Miyun Reservoir, is selected as the case study in this paper. The three-layer frame of the water pollution forewarning DSS is proposed with the core of mathematical model; then model development and parameterization are studied. Finally, a typical accident of NaCN pollution is taken for instance; the scenario of the accident is simulated and analyzed by DSS. The case study shows that the DSS could precisely analyze and forecast the pollution development trend, and simulate the different impact of emergency proposal. The result could support the primary decision of the emergency proposal to meet the functional requirement of the system.

Objective To summarize the key elements and shortcomings of relevant policies in the field of mental health in China, so as to provide reference for the formulation and improvement of follow-up policies in the field of mental health in China. Methods Using NVivollPlus software and content analysis method, a two-dimensional analysis framework of "policy tool-policy object" was constructed to quantitatively analyze 141 relevant policy texts in the field of mental health at the national level from 1999 to 2023 in China. Results China has paid growing attention to mental health, and the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs were the core departments of policy formulation. The internal structure of supply-oriented policy tools was out of balance, and the application of environmental policy tools was insufficient. Demand-based policy tools were the least used, accounting for 49.96%, 28.36%, and 21.68%, respectively. The policy object was concentrated in the whole system, health system, and education system, accounting for 32.81%, 24.59%, and 21.94%, respectively. Conclusion It is suggested that the policy design balance the structure of policy tools, increase the supply of resources, apply strategies and measures, strengthen mental health education and promotion, strengthen community grass-roots mental health services, and standardize the development of social mental health service institutions so as to improve mental health and mental hygiene policy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy-consuming right trading system is a market-oriented environmental regulation policy based on source control in China, the implementation of which aims to help the realization of the goal of controlling total energy consumption and energy intensity and to promote green development. Based on the panel data of prefecture-level cities from 2012 to 2019, this article theoretically analyzed the mechanism of the action of the energy-consuming right trading system; applied the multi-period PSM-DID method to empirically test whether the energy-consuming right trading system had achieved win-win development for both the environment and the economy; and tested the robustness of the findings by replacing variable settings, adding control variables, and applying placebo tests. In addition, the short-term and long-term impact paths of the environmental and economic effects of the energy-consuming right trading system are theoretically analyzed and empirically tested respectively. The findings were as follows: (1) The implementation of the energy-consuming right trading system effectively reduced the total emission and emission intensity of energy pollutants and realized positive benefit for the environment. Besides, the reduction in emission intensity was more significant. (2) The energy-consuming right trading system not only increased the quantity of economic development, but also pulled up the economic growth rate, thus realizing a positive benefit to the economy. (3) The results of the dynamic effect analysis showed that the energy-consuming right trading system did not have a persistent effect on the total amount and intensity of pollution emissions. But it had a more significant and persistent effect on the rate and level of economic development. (4) Since the energy-consuming right trading system was in the early pilot stage, it mainly achieved environmental and economic dividends through the short-term path of improving energy efficiency and not the long-term path of industrial structure upgrading or energy structure adjustment. Based on this, we should further build and improve the energy-consuming right trading market and improve the design of the system to ensure standardization, convenience, and transparency during the operation and enhance the degree of marketization. It is also of great importance to accelerate the development of new energy, new technologies, and new industries to promote green transformation and decarbonization in the energy industry. Furthermore, we should build a comprehensive and coordinated environmental policy system by promoting the coordinated implementation of the energy-consuming right trading system with other environmental regulation policies based on emission control, realizing the benefits of ' 1 + 1 >2.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green credit policies are effective tools to promote green and low-carbon transitions, but green credit limits the commercial bank credit lines of high-polluting industries, which are an important part of the local industrial economy. Therefore, green credit poli⁃ cies will cause local governments to resort to industrial trade-offs between economic development and environmental policy require⁃ ments in the implementation of environmental regulations, which could influence the development of green credit. Under the back⁃ ground of the implementation of green credit policies, this article firstly used the evolutionary game model to analyze the impact of local government environmental regulation intensity on the development of green credit by analyzing the game between local governments and highly polluting enterprises. Secondly, based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2019, this article empirically examined the impact of environmental regulation intensity on the development of green credit. Finally, the influencing mechanisms and regional heterogeneity were discussed. The results showed that: ① There was a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between local government environmental regulation and green credit development. Among them, public supervision had a certain moderating effect. ② Corporate environmental information disclosure, financing constraints, government subsidies, and tax levels were the main influencing mechanisms. ③ Further heterogeneity test results showed that environmental regulation could not effectively improve the development of green credit when the region was dominated by energy-intensive industries, and the impact of environmental regulation on the development of green credit was more significant in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. The results also showed that in order to further promote the development of green credit, the intensity of local government environmental regulation should be appropriately strengthened and the leading role of government-oriented policies in green finance should be further enhanced. It is suggest⁃ ed that we should improve public environmental awareness and promote the positive moderating effect of public supervision on environ⁃ mental regulation in the process of green credit; enhance corporate social responsibility awareness; strengthen corporate environmental information disclosure; increase the degree of financing constraints of financial institutions on high-polluting enterprises; and accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of high-polluting enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a public good, government's tourism marketing plays an important role in promoting national tourism images and tourism destinations. However, promotion level of Chinese tourist destinations is relatively low in terms of scientific and professional perspective, when comparing to other countries or other developed destinations. Therefore, it becomes a key issue to strengthen the scientific guidance of the government in tourism destination marketing and enhance the public marketing performance. This research adopts a grounded theory approach to explore the implementation mechanism and path selection of Chinese government's tourism marketing efforts. The annual reports of overseas offices of China National Tourism Administration were analyzed. The results showed that four main factors have significant effect on government's tourism marketing, including motivation, market investigation capacity, synergy capacity of external network, and environmental policy interventions. Motivation refers to factors that prompted the government to develop internal motive or desire of public marketing, such as market force, technology thrust and internal factors. Market research ability refers to the investigation capability, especially focuses on market entry, tourists' consumption habits and enterprises. It is mainly composed of research objects, research methods, research efforts, research subjects, research scope and other factors. External network coordinative ability refers to the ability of government coordinates and cooperates with other different stakeholders in the external networks, mainly composed of embedded type coordination, support collaboration, compact collaboration and interactive coordination. Environmental policy intervention refers to external factors that affect the public government tourist marketing, such as the annual tourism theme, tourism policies and regulations, international disputes, etc. By influencing market research capabilities and external networks to facilitate collaboration capabilities, Government's marketing motivation promote the conducting of marketing activities, hence it is the predisposing factor of government tourism marketing. Market research capabilities and external network interoperability are core factors influencing the ability of government marketing. Market research capabilities and external network interoperability are mediating variables (mediators), playing a significant role in influencing motivation on government tourism marketing. As a moderator, the variable of environmental policy interventions has an impact on the direction and strength of the relationship between "Motivation - Choice". Using the grounded theory approach, this research developed a theoretical model of the government tourism marketing mechanisms and path selection based on the logic of "motivation - context - ability - route choice model". The model continues the previous researches on the necessity of the government's public marketing, as well as fills the research gap with regard to the factors influencing government public tourism marketing. Moreover, this paper firstly introduces environmental public policy intervention into the tourism government marketing framework. As a standard tourism government marketing instrument, the framework could promote long-term effective marketing performance regardless of changes on destination marketing organization staff, advertising agency, other stakeholders and budget. This study contributes to the national or regional tourism destination marketing, and has practical significance for the government to formulate effective management policies in improving the performance of government's tourism marketing, and also provides a new perspective for theoretical study of destination marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of achieving the 'dual carbon' goals of peaking carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, meeting emission reduction targets while ensuring stable economic growth is the economic development model China is seeking now. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of environmental regulation in China's economic growth, especially on technological progress, will help to analyze the mechanism of environmental policy on sustainable economic development. In this article, we used the SBM model to measure the green total factor productivity in the subdivided industries of the manufacturing industry in China from 2003 to 2018, and decomposed technological progress to examine the factor preference characteristics of biased technological progress, and finally used a panel regression model to empirically test the mechanism of environmental regulations on green total factor productivity and technological progress and their decomposition terms. The results showed that: 1 Green total factor productivity in China's manufacturing industry was generally increasing year by year, and technological progress was the main source of its growth. Environmental regulation showed an inverted U shaped relationship with green total factor productivity and technological progress, and the intensity of regulation was currently on the left side of the inflection point, and the increase in environmental regulation intensity helped to promote the growth of green total factor productivity and technological progress in China's manufacturing industry. 2 From the internal influence mechanism of technological progress, the results of biased technological progress factor preferences showed that the characteristics of input-biased technological progress factor preferences changed with the stage of economic development, and output-biased technological progress was more biased toward CO2 output, but it showed an improving trend year by year. The effects of environmental regulations on input-biased technological progress, output-biased technological progress, and scale technological progress were all significant, and the increase in the intensity of environmental regulations helped to enhance input-biased technological progress and reduce output-biased technological progress so as to save the input of production factors and reduce CO2 output. 3 The degree of opening to the outside world, capital intensity, and government subsidies all had positive effects on green total factor productivity and technological progress, and strengthening these factors could help to improve the economic development of the manufacturing industry. The study found that current technological progress had a certain 'carbon lock-in' effect on carbon emissions, and environmental regulations were not effective in reducing coal use. By measuring the current situation of China's manufacturing economy and the effect of environmental regulations, this study provides theoretical support for promoting China's green and high-quality economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]