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Background and purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the main markers affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients and the most important reference factor for the pathological classification of breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of breast cancer with low expression of HER2 and its correlation with therapeutic effect and prognosis in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: The patients with HER2-negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2009 to 2018 were retrospectively included. Clinicopathological information was collected, and the patients were divided into groups with low expression of HER2 (HER2-low) and no expression of HER2 (HER2-0), and their characteristic differences were analyzed. The independent influencing factors of pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated by univariate and multifactorial methods, and the prognostic differences among different HER2 expression groups were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: In the 772 patients enrolled in this study, the proportion of HER2-low was significantly higher in hormonal receptor (HR) positive patients than in HR negative patients. Multivariate analysis of logistic regression model showed that tumor size (P＜0.001), HR (P=0.026) and HER2 expression (P=0.018) were independent predictors of pCR. Subgroup analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in pCR rates between HER2-0 and HER2-low triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (P=0.598). In Luminal breast cancer, the pCR rate of HER2-low patients was 9.4%, which was significantly lower compared with HER2-0 patients (19.3%, P=0.003). In the survival analysis of non-pCR patients, the prognosis of HER2-low patients was significantly better compared with HER2-0 patients (P＜0.001), and the 5-year survival rate was 72.2%, while the 5-year survival rate of HER2-0 patients was only 56.0%. Conclusion: HER2-negative patients with different expressions of HER2 protein have different clinicopathological characteristics, which are related to the chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women and the main cancer causing death in females. Breast cancer therefore seriously threatens women's health and life span. Although there are a variety of comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatments for different types of breast cancer, the overall prognosis of advanced breast cancer remains unsatisfactory. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing year by year, and the age of onset is gradually decreasing, making the discovery of a breakthrough in breast cancer treatment a major problem that needs to be solved urgently. A large number of studies have shown the growth of breast cancer cells can be inhibited by inducing ferroptosis. Acid sphingomyelinase has also been confirmed to be involved in cell death induced by ferroptotic agonists. This article reviews the progress in the use of acid sphingomyelinase and ferroptosis in the treatment of breast cancer, and summarizes the mechanism of ferroptosis in breast cancer cells and its correlation with acid sphingomyelinase. This review will provide a theoretical foundation for seeking new therapeutic targets for breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The novel centrosomal regulatory protein Sec23 homolog B (SEC23B) regulates autophagy in cells, thereby providing energy and nutrients that contribute to tumor growth and distant metastasis. However, whether this role is involved in the mechanism of infiltrative metastasis in breast cancer is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which SEC23B promotes breast cancer infiltration and metastasis. Methods: The association between SEC23B expression and breast cancer prognosis and metastasis was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter database and HCMDB database. MCF-7 cells were divided into vector group (control) and SEC23B overexpression plasmid group (SEC23B), and MDA231-LM2 cells were divided into SEC23B knockdown group (sh-SEC23B) and control group (sh-NC). Western blot was used to detect the expressions of SEC23B, autophagy-associated proteins [dead bone fragment 1 (SQSTM1, p62), microtubule-associated-protein light-chain-3 (LC3)] and extracellular-regulated protein kinases (ERK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins in breast cancer cells. Cell migration was assessed by transwell assay and wound healing assay, and autophagic granules in cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining. In addition, an in vivo intraperitoneal tumor model was constructed to study the effect of SEC23B on breast cancer cell metastasis in vivo. Results: The overall survival of breast cancer patients with high SEC23B expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with low SEC23B expression. The expression of SEC23B in metastatic breast cancer was significantly higher than that in breast cancer without metastasis. SEC23B protein levels were lower in primary breast cancer cells (MCF-7, BT-549, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-453) than in metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA231- LM2 and ZR-75-30). Compared with the control group, the SEC23B group significantly accelerated cell migration (P<0.001). Compared with the sh-NC group, the sh-SEC23B group significantly reduced cell migration (P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the expression level of LC3A/B and the formation of autophagy particles in the SEC23B group were significantly increased, while the expression of p62 protein and the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and ERK were decreased. Compared with the sh-NC group, the LC3A/B expression level and the formation of autophagy particles were significantly decreased in the sh-SEC23B group, and the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and ERK were increased, especially under starvation conditions. In in vivo experiments, tumor weight was significantly lower in the sh-SEC23B group compared with the sh-NC group (P<0.01), and there was an increase in necrotic tissue and a decrease in tumor metastasis in lung tissue in mice. sh-SEC23B group mice had a significantly lower number of lung metastatic tumors and LC3 immunohistochemical staining than the sh-NC group (P<0.01). Conclusions: SEC23B induces breast cancer autophagy and promotes cancer cell metastasis by inhibiting ERK/mTOR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the difference between the positive and negative immunohistochemical markers in the morphological features of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM), and analyze its clinical significance. Methods 88 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer underwent CESM and immunohistochemical marker detection including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermis growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and cell proliferation antigen markers (Ki-67). The morphological features of lesions on CESM including the size, margin, morphology, microcalcification, and degree of contrast enhancement were retrospectively analyzed. Correlation analysis with immunohistochemical markers was performed. Results The 88 lesions were invasive carcinoma (64), intraductal carcinoma-in-situ (10), invasive carcinoma with intraductal carcinoma-in-situ (10), invasive carcinoma with papillary carcinoma (2), and intraductal carcinoma with papillary carcinoma (2) . The positive rates of immunohistochemical markers were 61.36% ER+, 50.00% PR+, 70.45% HER-2+, and 84.09% Ki-67+. There was significant correlation between tumor size and Ki-67positive expression (P=0.003) ; morphology and PR (P=0.031) and HER-2 (P=0.001) positive expressions; microcalcification and Ki-67positive expression (P=0.009) ; “burr sign” and ER positive expression (P=0.020) ; the degree of enhancement and HER-2 (P=0.014) and Ki-67 (P=0.030) positive expression. Conclusion Morphological characteristics of CESM correlate with immunohistochemical markers and are valuable in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is a serious threat to human life and health. Tamoxifen is a common treatment for breast cancer patients after surgery. However, patients still face the risk of recurrence or metastasis after treatment, so effective prognostic methods are needed to predict efficacy. In order to explore a method for prognostic analysis of postoperative tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer based on molybdenum target X-ray image. In this paper, the model for mammographic density extraction from molybdenum target X-ray image is studied by using the Squeeze-and- Excitation Convolutional Neural Network (SE-CNN) method. A prognostic imaging marker, mammographic density change rate (MDCR), was proposed and survival analysis was performed to study its prognostic ability for postoperative tamoxifen treatment of breast cancer. The results show that the threshold absolute error of SE-CNN is 9.92±4.78, and the determination coefficient is 0.77. The results show that this method can accurately extract the threshold. The progression-free survival was HR 2.654(95%CI,1.102-6.395), P =0.030.Patients with high MDCR had a better prognosis, while those with low MDCR had a worse prognosis. It is concluded that the rate of mammographic density change can be used as a prognostic imaging marker of postoperative tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Currently, several studies have demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) is a prognostic factor in breast cancer. The study aimed to assess the association pattern of BMI with mortality risk among patients of different age groups. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included the clinical characteristics and survival status of 25 629 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and subsequently hospitalized in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2016. The association between BMI and prognosis of breast cancer patients in different age subgroups was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with restricted cubic splines adjusting the main prognostic factors. Results: BMI and age were both influencing factors of breast cancer prognosis, and there was a significant interaction (P=0.011). The pattern of association between risk of death and BMI differed among different age groups. A "J-shaped" association between risk of death and BMI was observed in the patients younger than 35 years, with a BMI of 20.16  kg/m² corresponding to the lowest risk of death. In the age group of 35-60 years, no significant change in the risk of death was observed in patients with BMI below 23  kg/m², and the risk of death in patients with BMI above 23  kg/m² increased with increasing BMI; A "U-shaped" association between risk of death and BMI was observed in the patients older than 60 years, with a BMI of 23.86  kg/m² being the lowest. The risk of death was more sensitive to changes in BMI in patients aged less than 35 years than in those aged 35-60 years and those aged more than 60 years. Conclusion: BMI and age have a significant interaction in the prognosis of breast cancer when adjusted for potential confounding factors. The association pattern between the risk of death and BMI of patients in different age groups is different. For patients under 35 years old, the lowest risk of death corresponds to BMI at diagnosis of about 20  kg/m², while for patients over 60 years old, the lowest risk of death corresponds to a BMI at diagnosis of about 24  kg/m² . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation between preoperative MRI signs and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast cancer, and to provide reference for the prediction of VEGF. Methods The preoperative MRI of 73 patients with breast cancer was retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into VEGF over expression (28) and VEGF low expression (45) groups. Clinicopathological and preoperative MR data of the two groups were analyzed by univariate analysis, and a multivariate diagnostic model was established by logistic regression equation. Independent predictors of the model for the diagnosis of VEGF in breast cancer were calculated. Results The results of univariate analysis showed that the expression of VEGF in breast cancer was closely related to the molecular subtype, histological grade and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF was not correlated (P>0.05) with the type of tumor, apparent diffusion coefficient value and time signal curve, but was closely related to tumor diameter, ring enhancement, intratumoral hyperintensity and peritumoral edema (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic :regression analysis showed that histological classification (OR=I0.296, P=0.005), peripheral rim enhancement {OR=I0.819, P=0.030), and peritumoral edema (OR= 15.297, P=0.012) were independent predictors of VEGF in breast cancer (Hosmer-Lemeshow X²=S.224, P=0.733). Conclusion The expression of VEGF is closely related to many malignant biological behaviors of breast cancer. Preoperative MRI sign of peripheral rim enhancement and peritumoral edema can be independent predictor of VEGF expression in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the value of preoperative differential diagnosis of triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer based on multi-parameter MRI radiomics features. Methods The multi-parameter MRI of 106 breast cancer patients was retrospectively analyzed. 73 cases were in the training group and 33 cases were in the verification group. According to the pathological molecular classification, the patients were divided. into triple-negative (24) and non-triple negative (82) groups. ITK software was used to manually outline the volume of interest (VOI) of the lesion. and the imaging radiomics features were extracted and screened in A.K software to construct radiomics labels. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to construct 4 prediction models of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), '12-weighted imaging (12WI), dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), and combined feature sets. Using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value, the sensitivity and specificity of the radiomics labels in the differential diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer were calculated in the training group and verification group. Results In the training group) the AUC value of T2WI (0.993) was higher than that of ADC (0.964), DCE (0.866), and combined (0.973) feature sets. In the validation group, the AUC value of T2WI (0.885) was higher than that of ADC (0.837), DCE (0.810), and combined (0.880) feature sets. The sensitivities of T2WI and DCE feature sets were up to 96%. The specificity of ADC feature set was highest at 81.5%. Conclusion MRI radiomics features are valuable in distinguishing triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer. The radiomics label based on T2WI feature has highest sensitivity and may be a potential biological marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tumor stem cells are a small number of types of tumor cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different types of tumor cells. Oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells are highly tumorigenic and play a role in tumor differentiation, treatment resistance, recurrence and metastasis. Simultaneously, tumor stem cells have great similarities with normal stem cells, so it is necessary to establish effective and accurate tumor stem cell identification methods; and corresponding targeted treatment strategies are designed to help the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current methods used in the literature to identify and isolate oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells, analyze potential targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells, and summarize the potential research progress on targets. METHODS: Computers were used to retrieve the CNKI and PubMed databases for relevant literature published since its establishment to 2020. The English key words were “oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC, cancer stem cells, HNSCC, head and neck squamous carcinoma cell”. Chinese key words were “oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells, oral squamous cell carcinoma, tumor stem cells, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma”. Retrieval results were summarized and analyzed to exclude low-relevance, duplicate, and obsolete documents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Targeted intervention of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells has important clinical significance. CD44, CD133 and ALDH are currently the most suitable biomarkers for the identification and isolation of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells. They are the same as Oct3/4, Nanog, Sox2, Bmi1, EGFR signaling pathway, SHH signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Let-7 family, MicroRNA-200 family and natural compounds together as potential targets for targeted therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: HER2 status assessment is an important biological index for the treatment and prognosis of invasive breast cancer. Pre-treatment of tissues such as immobilization, dehydration, transparency and dewaxing is a necessary procedure for HER2 protein and gene detection after pathological paraffin sections, and also an important factor affecting immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of environment-friendly biological tissue sample preparation kit in fluorescence in situ hybridization detection of HER2 protein 2-positive invasive breast cancer. METHODS: 402 invasive breast cancer specimens were collected from Shantou Central Hospital from January 2015 to March 2019. The same specimens were semi-dissected and randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated by traditional reagent formaldehyde immobilization-ethanol dehydration-xylene transparency and dewaxing, and paraffin sections were made. The experimental group was treated with formaldehyde immobilization-ethanol dehydration-xylene transparent dewaxing. Environment-friendly biological tissue sample preparation kit (including environmentally friendly stationary fluid, dehydration fluid, transparent liquid, dewaxing fluid) was used to make slices. The expression of HER2 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. The amplification of HER2 gene was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 131 invasive breast cancer specimens with positive HER2 protein expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of HER2 protein in both experimental and control groups was specific and cell localization was correct. There were no significant differences in HER2 protein positive rate, uncertainty rate, and negative rate between the two groups (P > 0.05).The coincidence rate of HER2 protein expression between the two groups was 99.00%. The background of HER2 gene was clear in both groups, and the signals of HER2 and Ch17 double probes were clear. There was no cross-reaction and the double probe signal was precisely located in the nucleus of cancer cells. There was no significant difference in the number of successful cells between the two groups [P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate and negative rate of HER2 gene amplification between the two groups [P > 0.05). The coincidence rate of HER2 gene amplification between the two groups was 97.71%. The average signal number of HER2 gene and the ratio of HER2/cells in both groups were all equal. There was no significant difference in the mean number of Ch17 signal, Ch17/cell ratio and HER2/CM7 ratio between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total positive rate of HER2 between the two groups (P > 0.05). The results showed that compared with the traditional reagents, the invasive breast cancer samples prepared by environment-friendly bio-tissue sample preparation kit had no effect on HER2 protein expression. The expression of HER2 protein does not affect the amplification of HER2 gene, which can meet the needs of clinical detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast carcinoma is one of the most malignant tumors. severely influencing the physical and mental health of people The latest epidemiological and clinical studies have found that breast tumor and inflammation were determinate relationships with each other Inflammation is an essential component of the tumor microenvironrnent, and the change of inflammatory cell might influence tumor progression. such as neoplastic cell proliferation, migration, invasion, collapse of antitumor immunity. metastasis and so forth. Peripheral blood tests at the time of diagnosis and treatment can reflect inflammatory conditions within the neoplasm. Evaluation of peripheral blood parameters including white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet counts, as well as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR) (neutrophil count divided by the result of white blood cell count minus neutrophil count), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), which are indicators of systematic inflammatory response, have been widely proposed as prognostic factors for many malignancies. To intensive study the relationship between the common markers in peripheral blood and the treatment or prognosis of breast cancer will have critical clinical significance and application prospect, and can provide useful information for the clinicians. Here we review the research progress in the prognostic role of the peripheral blood in breast cancer, and to provide a new method for the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the differential expression of CELF6 in breast cancer and normal tissues and its prognostic significance in breast cancer. Methods: The expression of CELF6 in breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues was analyzed by GEPIA. The clinical samples of breast cancer were used to study the expression level of CELF6 protein in breast cancer tissues compared with nomal tissues. KM-plotter was used to study the relationship between the expression of CELF6 and the prognosis survival of breast cancer patients. The effect of different CELF6 expression levels on the growth and proliferation of breast cancer cells was analyzed by CCK8 cell counting assay. Results: GEPIA online software analysis showed that CELF6 expression was significantly lower in breast cancer than in normal tissues (P<0.001). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive expression of CELF6 in breast cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues adjacent to cancer. The survival curve of KM-plotter online analysis showed that the survival prognosis of patients with high expression of CELF6 was significantly better than those with low expression (P<0.001). The CCK8 assay showed that the expression of CELF6 in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was knocked down, the cell proliferation rate was significantly faster, and the proliferation rate of MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing CELF6 was slowed down.Conclusions: CELF6 may be a potential tumor suppressor gene, which is lowly expressed in breast cancer tissues and is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Expression and clinicopathological significance of S100 calcium binding protein A14(S100A14) in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer were explored to provide reference for identifying new molecular typing markers. Methods:Breast cancer tissues were taken cases for radical mastectomy patients from January 16, 2013 to 22 May 2014 at the Cancer Hospital Affiliated to the Xiangya Medical College of Central South University & the Cancer Hospital of Hunan province. Using immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of S100A14 in 254 breast cancer tissues, with emphasis on differences expression of the protein in different molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological factors, Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied for the relationship between S100 A14 expression and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Results: The positive expression of S100 A14 in four molecular subtypes of ER+/PR+/HER2+, ER+/PR+/HER2-, ER-/PR-/HER2+ and ER-/PR-/HER2-breast cancer was 38.5%, 47.1%, 75.5%, 80%, respectively. The expression of the 4 groups was the highest in the ER-/PR-/HER2-type and the lowest in the ER+/PR+/HER2+ type, and the difference between the 4 groups was significant(x2=32.997, P <0.001). The relationship between S100A14 and clinicopathological characteristics of 254 cases of breast cancer was analyzed. The expression of S100A14 was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of ER and PR(all r=-0.353, P<0.001), and was significantly positively correlated with postoperative recurrence of liver metastasis with breast cancer(r=0.134, P=0.040). There is no significant correlation between the expression of S100A14 and the clinicopathological features of type ER+/PR+/HER2+ and ER+/PR+/HER2-type breast cancer(P>0.05).In ER-/PR-/HER2+ type breast cancer. The positive expression rate of S100 A14 in axillary lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that without axillary lymph node metastasis group(x2=6.768, P=0.013), and S100A4 expression has a negative correlation with postoperative pulmonary metastasis(r=-0.272, P=0.044). Conclusion: The expression of S100A14 in breast cancer with different molecular subtypes is different, and its high expression is associated with metastasis or recurrence of breast cancer with different molecular types. It may be used as a candidate marker for molecular typing of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NOP56 is a nucleolar protein that closely relates to the expression oncogene. In this paper， the differential expression gene analysis of the data from online database revealed that NOP56 is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. The expression of NOP56 was used as a phenotype to analyze the difference between different phenotypes and clinical prognosis. Results showed that the high expression of NOP56 was closely related to the poor clinical pathological parameters and prognosis of breast cancer. The protein interaction network of NOP56 was obtained by differential gene enrichment analysis，and the semantic similarity of co-expressed genes was calculated. Finally，the clinically targeted drug actinomycin D (dactinomycin) of NOP56 and its co-expressed genes were obtained from an online database. These results provide potential new predictive indicators for breast cancer prevention and treatment， improve the molecular mechanism of clinical targeted drug use， and provide evidence and clues for the clinical use of targeted drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the prognosis of breast cancer patients during pregnancy and lactation and its influencing factors. Methods: 60 cases of breast cancer in pregnant lactation period of Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University and Guizhou Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to December 2012 were selected as the study group. 60 cases of breast cancer without pregnancy and lactation were selected as control group. The 5 year survival rate and the clinicopathological features of the two groups were compared, and the single factor and multiple factor Logistic regression were used to analyzed the factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Results: The 5 year survival rate of the study group was 61.67% (37/60), and the 5 year disease-free survival rate was 46.67%(28/60), which were significantly lower than 81.67%(49/60), 73.33%(44/60) of the control group (P<0.05). The maximumdiameter of the tumor, the rate of axillary lymph node metastasis, the ratio of TNMstage to III stage, the positive rate of estrogen receptor and the positive rate of Ki67 cells in the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of progesterone receptor between the two groups(P>0.05). Single factor analysis showed that the total survival time of breast cancer patients in pregnancy lactation period was related to the maximum diameter of the tumor, TNM staging, the ratio of Ki67 cell positive rate more than 20%, and the axillary lymph node metastasis rate (P<0.05). Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis showed that TNMstaging was III stage, Ki67 cell positive rate was more than 20%, axillary lymph node metastasis was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients in pregnancy (P<0.05). Conclusions: The prognosis of breast cancer patients in pregnancy lactation period was poor, TNM stage is III stage, Ki67 cell positive rate is more than 20%, axillary lymph node metastasis is a risk factor affecting the prognosis of the patients, which has important implications for clinical prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor in women, it is of great significance to early diagnosis, rational treatment and prognosis of breast cancerprogesterone receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and other immunohistochemical markers in breast cancer to determine the clinical type, metastasis and prognosis plays an important role. With the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging, such as proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and so on are more and more used for the examination of the breast. To study the correlation of functional magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis factors of breast cancer, and to guide the clinical treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. In this paper, the related progress were summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]