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A process of depth reduction-magnetic separation technology research was introduced to pyrite cinder from Hebei. And the factors that influence the process of depth reduction and separation were systematic studied. The means of SEM, XRD were used to analyze the pyrite cinder, the roasted product of pyrite cinder and the iron ore concentrate. The results showed that the pyrite react with desulfurization agent to form metallic iron and calcium sulfide. Under optimal conditions of depth reduction, and only one stage of grinding-magnetic separation, the grade and the recovery rate of iron concentration arrived at 93.13% and 92.21%, respectively, with the sulfur content of 0.06% and it could be directly used in steelmaking after subsequent treatment, which reached the target of efficient use of solid waste, ie pyrite cinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of moderately thermophilic bacteria (A c, S.t and L f) on the surface of pyrite was studied experimentally. The bacterial adsorption on the surface of pyrite was measured at different pH values. 1. 6, 2. 0 and 2. 5) and temperatures(40 C and 45 C). Results showed that the adsorption capacity of L, f on the mineral surface is strong, when the temperature is 40 C and pH value is 2. 0, the adsorption capacity of L f reached 89. 47%. The adsorption capacity of mixed bacteria (A c : S t : L f = 1:1: 1)reached 75. 54% when pH value is 1.6. Initial temperature of solution had no significant effect on the contact angles and Zeta potentials of pyrite-grown bacteria. The contact angles and Zeta potentials decreased as the initial pH value of solution increased. The results of static microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that the bacteria were arranged in single cell or cluster on the surface of pyrite, and a large number of bacteria were adsorbed on the cracks or depressions of pyrite, which was of great significance to the leaching of minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important carrier for cultivating engineering practice ability and innovation entrepreneurship spirit of students majoring in civil engineering, the virtual simulation and numerical modeling platform for underground engineering experiment teaching is of vital necessary to its own construction. In the important strategic opportunity period of building local high-level universities, combined with the existing resources of the national equipment manufacturing virtual simulation experimental teaching center in University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, the significance for the construction of the virtual simulation and numerical modeling platform for underground engineering experiment teaching is analyzed. The current situation of underground engineering experimental teaching resources in the Department of Civil Engineering is also analyzed. The shortcomings and problems in the experimental teaching are pointed out. The necessity and urgency for constructing virtual simulation and numerical modeling platform for experimental teaching are explained. The basic ideas and methods for constructing virtual simulation and numerical modeling platform are elaborated from four aspects the platform is closely combined with numerical simulation software of underground engineering, and the three-dimensional visualization software of underground engineering, and the close integration of school-enterprise cooperation base and practical resources, and the close integration of teachers' resources and laboratory team construction, so as to promote the characteristic construction in underground engineering, and provide a solid foundation for the national and Shanghai personnel training in strategic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the representative macroscopic volume (RMV) - considering the moisture content in the pores? the black box- grey box and white box models of heat transfer in porous media were established. According to the "three-box" model and the analysis of coupled heat and moisture transfer process- the formula of thermal conductivity was derived. Taking rock wool as an example? the effects of porosity- moisture content-pore channel distribution coefficient and tortuosity on thermal conductivity were discussed by numerical calculation of the model. The results show that porosity and pore channel distribution coefficient were negatively correlated with thermal conductivity, while moisture content and tortuosity were positively correlated with thermal conductivity. The conclusion could provide some ideas and methods for improving the heat-insulating property of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cabazitaxel is a new taxane-based anti-tumor drug, which has a significant effect on hormone refractory meta-static prostate cancer patients who are ineffective to docetaxel. Although cabazitaxel is used as a second-line clinical drug, it has great application potential due to its low adhesion to P-glycoprotein and good pharmacokinetic characteristics. In recent years, researchers are paying more attention to it. Based on the research progress achieved both at home and abroad and with the pharmacological effects and adverse drug reactions as the starting point, a comprehensive review was made in the drug delivery system of cabazitaxel for treatment of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a sub-system of urban agglomeration ecosystem, the regional transport infrastructure system has the evolvement characteristics similar to the natural ecosystem. It is a nonlinear dissipative structure system. Due to the limitation of the environmental capacity, the evolution and equilibrium of the regional transport infrastructure ecosystem satisfy the Logistic model. This paper analyzes the dynamic mechanism of the regional transportation infrastructure ecosystem evolution, builds the evolution model of the regional transportation infrastructure ecosystem and the model of population symbiosis evolution, and describes the overall evolution process of the system and the evolution path of the system's multiple populations tending to different equilibrium states. Taking Shanghai's external transport system as an example, this paper verifies the accuracy and practicability of the evolvement model of regional transport infrastructure ecosystem, and reverses Logistic equation of Shanghai's external transit system evolution and forecasts its evolution trend. Taking the evolution of three transport types in Shanghai as an example, the multi-population symbiotic evolution model of regional transport infrastructure ecosystem is validated. According to the results of the model, this paper proposes the strategies for the development of regional transport infrastructure that focuses on maintaining existing facilities, developing public transport reasonably, and introducing and promoting green transport, which provide theoretical support for functional optimization and capacity improvement of urban agglomeration transport infrastructure networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the problem of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility has become increasingly serous, seriously endangering the safe operation of instruments, meters and other electronic equipment in the military and it is urgent to develop new high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials. Graphene Is a new type of two-dimension carbon nanostructured material with excellent sand chemical properties, which provides a new for the derign of flexible' thin and good service performance electromagnetic shielding materials. Staring from the basic principle of electromagnetic shielding, this review introduces the mochas of electromagnetic shielding and loss and the way of energy convertor. Furthermore' graphene electromagnetic shilling materials were systematically classified and summered. The shielding efficiency and research progress of graphene electromagnetic shielding materials in recent years were reviewed, and the challenges and development prospects of graphene electromagnetic shielding materials were prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing of extreme precipitation has been witnessed in Southwest China in the past several decades. The frequent occurrence of extreme weather has aggravated the formation of regional flood hazards in this region. As the main crop in Southwest China, rice is generally considered to be seriously threatened by flood. Nowadays, researches on rice flood however cannot be connected with disastrous weather effectively, which has brought great difficulties for rice flood monitoring accurately and timely. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish the evaluation level of rice flood based on the metrological method so as to provide a technical support for rice flood monitoring, prevention and mitigation, and agricultural disasters' insurance management. Given above background, based on a data set of daily precipitation from 1961 to 2012 in 193 meteorological stations, associated with historical disaster and phenophase data of rice in Southwest China (Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan), the evaluation of the flood related to single cropping rice based on the metrological method was conducted in this study, and meanwhile, the rice flood risk was consequently estimated according to the rice flood evaluation indicators, in order to gain detailed information of the characteristics of rice flood disaster in Southwest China. Historical rice flood disasters were represented through the coupling with precipitation data. Afterwards, 27 rainfall sets of rice flood samples were built in the context of the combinations of different growth stages (transplanting-tillering, jointing-booting and tasselling-maturity), flood levels (light, moderate and heavy) and precipitation duration days (1 d, 2 d, ≥3 d). Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) method was used in the distribution fitting of the rainfall sets, and 27 normal distribution functions were established. Each indicator of rice flood evaluation level (light, medium and heavy) was built using the statistical analysis, with the lower limit of 95% confidence interval as the critical threshold. The evaluation level of rice flood disaster has been validated by the reserved independent samples of rice flood. According to the rice flood indicators, the risk index of rice flood disaster was calculated based on the data in 193 metrological stations in Southwest China. The results were as follows: rice flood disaster caused by the rainfall was more intense in tasseling-mature stage, followed by the jointing-booting stage and transplanting-tillering stage. The precipitation threshold of rice flood in transplanting-tillering stage was 120, 130 and 150 mm respectively for the flood disaster lasting for 1 d, 2 d and ≥3 d. It became 150, 160 and 180 mm for jointing-booting stage, and 170, 200 and 230 mm for tasselling-maturity stage respectively. The rice flood level indicator could better reflect the actual level of damage caused by flood disaster in rice planting and be used in monitoring and assessing disaster damage in regional scale. The identification results based on rice flood level indicator were detected to be basically consistent with the historical occurrence levels of rice flood disasters, with 66.7% assessment of flood levels being completely consistent with the historical records, and calculation errors of all validation samples being within one level. High flood risk existed in transplanting-tillering stage and furthermore, higher rice flood risk from transplanting to tillering stage was mainly concentrated in southern area of Yunnan Province and Liuzhi Special Zone, Guizhou Province with the rice flood index of more than 1.5. Flood risk decreased in Guizhou and the northeast area of Yunnan, while it increased in mid regions of Sichuan Province in jointing-booting stage, compared to the early growth stage of rice. Southern Yunnan and mid Sichuan were detected with higher rice flood risk in tasselling-maturity stage. Overall, high-risk areas of rice flood in whole rice growth stage included south and northeast areas of Yunnan, southern Guizhou, and Chengdu, Meishan and Deyang in Sichuan Province. The evaluation level of rice flood firstly established in this paper could be used in the future monitoring and evaluation of rice flood in South China. The results of rice flood risk analysis could provide basic evidence for the prevention and mitigation of rice flood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium enriched passion fruit seed oil was prepared by supercritical CO2 extraction method with Selenium enriched passion fruit seed as raw material. Based on single factor experiment, RSM-CCD ( response surface curve-central composite design) was used to explore the effects of temperature, pressure, static extraction time, dynamic extraction time and CO2 flow rate on the extraction rate of Selenium enriched passion fruit seed oil. And the physical and chemical properties, fatty acid content and antioxidant activity of selenium-rich passionfruit seed oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction and Soxhlet extraction were investigated. The results showed that optimal process parameters of supercritical CO2 extraction for oil from Selenium enriched passion seed was found to be extraction temperature of 50 °C,extraction pressure of 34 MPa, static extraction of 109 min,dynamic extraction of 97 min, CO2 flow rate of 1.0 L/min. Under this condition, the actual Selenium enriched passion seed oil was clear light yellow liquid, and the yield was 72. 33%. The content of unsaturated fatty acids extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction was 80. 11%, which was slightly higher than that extracted by soxhlet extraction (78.71%); Acid value, peroxide value, oxidation resistance and other properties also showed that the quality of oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction was better than that extracted by Soxhlet extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For revealing the low-temperature performance of lithium-ion battery, an experimental study on the charge-discharge characteristics of a 35A . h lithium manganate battery cell is conducted under low temperature, and the consistency of battery is analyzed by voltage range. The results indicate that at low temperature, the charge-discharge performances of battery drop substantially (under -l0°t , the battery can only be charged to 60. 23% of its rated capacity at 10A; and under -40°t , only 22% of rated capacity can be discharged) , the charging and discharging internal resistances significantly increase and the consistency of battery deteriorates. So it is strongly recommended to use heating devise in lithium-ion battery pack for assuring the normal operation of electric vehicles at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model of a hybrid electric bus is established, including the models for vehicle longitudinal dynamics, engine, power battery, electric motors and energy management strategy. By using automatic code generation in MATLAB/Simulink, the above model for hybrid electric bus is downloaded, together with the energy management strategy, into hybrid control unit to validate the model by real bus test. The results show that the outputs of model are very close to the data of real-vehicle test, demonstrating the high accuracy of the model established, pro- viding a good base for the subsequent vehicle matching and energy management strategy optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the development of the hardware in-the-loop simulation (HILS) test bench for the control system of dry dual clutch transmission (DCT) is presented. Firstly, the dynamics differential equations for a serf-developed 5-speed dry DCT under different operation conditions is established, and a real-time simulation model for DCT vehicle is built with MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow/RTW and dSPACE software/hardware system. Then the hardware of transmission control unit (TCU) for dry DCT is made with corresponding software developed and loaded into TCU to realize the online calibration and signal measurement for the control parameters of TCU. Next, the dual clutch and shifting actuator for test bench is developed and integrated with the real-time simulation model for DCT vehicle, and so the construction of HILS test bench for dry DCT control system is completed. Finally a continuous acceleration test at different throttle openings is conducted on the test bench. The results show that compared with real vehicle testing, the HILS test bench developed for dry DCT control system not only has better test repeatability but also can quickly and effectively verify the control performance of DCT under different operation conditions, and provide feasible test/evaluation platform for the development of DCT control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the harmonic suppression failure and harmonic surge in workshop distribution system caused by the fault of Active Power Filter (APF) bridge arm, a model predictive fault-tolerant control strategy was proposed. By analyzing the working principle of APF fault-tolerant transformation topology, the relationship of voltage vector transformation after fault-tolerant was revealed, and the prediction model of harmonic compensation current was established. A fast harmonic detection method based on the second-order generalized integral orthogonal generator (SOGI) was designed, and the harmonic compensation current output by SOGI was used as the reference instruction of the predictive control. According to the current predictive model and the reference instruction, in the rhombus voltage vector set of the fault tolerant APF, the switching state satisfying the minimum cost function was selected to carry out model predictive control and harmonic compensation. Experiments results verifed that, in the condition of the bridge arm fault, the proposed control strategy could work continuously and suppress harmonic current. The total harmonic distortion(THD) of the power distribution line is reduced from 9. 91% to 4. 87%, which verified that the proposed method can improve the reliability and fault tolerant capability of APF equipment in the cigarette factory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vehicle control system (VCS) for a hybrid electric city bus is developed, including energy management strategy (EMS) and power coordination control (PCC). Based on the division and analysis of bus operation modes, the EMS determines the corresponding control strategy for each operation mode; while PCC uses the torque of the driving motor as compensation to realize AMT shifting without power interruption. In addition, the software of hybrid control unit (HCU) is developed using automatic code generation technology. The results of real vehicle test show that with the VCS developed, the fuel economy and power performance of the hybrid electric city bus are enhanced by around 26% and 17% respectively with emissions also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel benzenesulfonate-imidazole complex of nickel Ni(Im)6 (C6H5SO3 ) 3 was synthesized by solvothermal method with nickel sulfate, sodium benzenesulfonate and imidazole as main raw materials. The structure, composition and thermal stability of complex were characterized by single X-ray crystal diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The molecular structure was determined. The specific surface area and the pore structure were determined by N2 adsorption-desorption test. The result shows that the complex belongs to monoclinic system, P21/c space group, exhibiting a 3D spatial structure. It exhibits high phase purity and thermal stability. The cell parameters of complex are a = 8.377 3(4) Å, b = 10.151 8(5) Å, c =20.526 3(10) Å, α =90°, β =90. 292 0(10)°, γ = 90°, V = 1 745. 63(15) Å3, Z = 2, Mr = 781.52, F(000) = 812, μ = 0.737 mm-1, Dc =1.487 g·cm-3, R1 =0.042 1,w R2=0.1103. Then, the Knoevenagel reaction was used as a probe to test the catalytic performance of complex. The experimental results show that under room temperature and solvent-free conditions, the complex could complete catalytic reactions in a relatively short time and exhibit high catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the genes regulating the synthesis of sugar esters in tobacco, transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on tobacco glandular hair cells and bundle sheath cells, and RT-qPCR was used for verification. The results showed that 11 962 differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 5145 were up-regulated and 6817 were down-regulated. GO annotation of differentially expressed genes showed that the up-regulated genes mainly included biological processes (2265), molecular functions (1169), and cellular components (363), with a total of 3793 GO terms. Based on the assignment of KEGG pathway, the sequence was mapped to 122 metabolic pathways. Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis related to glycoester synthesis were highly enriched, and acyl sugar pathway in glandular hairs was significantly up-regulated. By comparing with the tobacco reference genome, 12 up-regulated acyltransferase genes were identified in glandular hair cells. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of 11 genes was higher than that of the control. The expression of gene 63826, gene 16194 and gene 37511 increased by 195.79 times, 166.23 times and 132.65 times, respectively. The above 11 genes may be involved in regulating the synthesis of sugar esters in glandular hair cells, providing a basis for further verification of gene function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Chang' E lunar rover was equipped with a passive microwave radiometer (MRM) to measure for the first time the brightness temperature from the lunar surface. The brightness temperature is the base of inversion of lunar regolith thickness and lunar regolith parameters. Based on MRM 2C-level data from Chang' E-2, the models of diurnal variation of the brightness temperature in the four channels are established separately at different latitudes. Based on these models, microwave maps of the moon were constructed using hour angle calibration. The results were combined with a comparison of CCD images and DEM data showing that brightness temperature data com-mendably reflects the lunar terrain characteristics and lunar surface reflectivity. Abnormal areas of lunar brightness temperature based on brightness temperature data were analyzed at high frequency, which shows that all are fresh impact craters from the Copernican period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the change of inflammatory factor and blood coagulation in patients with laparoscopic gastric cancer radical surgery. Methods Data of seventy-seven stomach cancer patients hospitalized in our hospital and received the surgical treatment from June 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-eight of these patients underwent laparoscopic treatment (laparoscopic group) and 39 cases received laparotomy treatment (laparotomy group). The values of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed at the time points of preoperation and 6 h, 24 h after the surgery in two groups. The levels of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), international standardization ration (INR), fibrinogen (FIB) and D dimer (D-D) were also analyzed at the same time points in two groups. The postoperative thrombosis and tumor recurrence rate were also analyzed in two groups of patients. Results There were no significant differences in the gender, age, the size of tumor, differentiation degree and TNM staging between two groups of patients. The serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly increased after surgery in two groups (P < 0.01), and which were significantly higher in laparotomy group than those of laparoscopic group (P<0.01). The levels of APTT, PT and INR were significantly lower after surgery in two groups of patients, and which were significantly lower in laparoscopic group than those of laparotomy group (P<0.05). The levels of FIB and D-D were significantly increased after operation in two groups of patients (P<0.05), which were significantly higher in laparoscopic group than those of laparotomy group (P<0.05). The postoperative recurrence of cancer was less in laparoscopic group than that of laparotomy group. But, the postoperative thrombosis was more in laparoscopic group than that of laparotomy group. Conclusion There was less release of inflammatory mediators and less effect on the body's immune function in patients with laparoscopic gastric cancer radical surgery. But, the surgery has a large influence in blood coagulation, we should pay attention to it in the clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-phase micromechanical model for the healed saturated concrete is presented, which is made up of the deposition products, water and intrinsic concrete. A multi-level homogenization scheme is developed to obtain the effective properties of the saturated concrete repaired by electrochemical deposition method based on the Mori-Tanaka method. Specifically, the properties of the equivalent inclusion are calculated by Mori-Tanaka method with modification function in the first level homogenization. In the second level homogenization, the Mori-Tanaka method is utilized to obtain the properties of the repaired concrete. The homogenized three-phase micromechanical model is utilized to predict the effective properties of the saturated concrete repaired by electrochemical deposition method. And the predicted results are compared with the experimental data and the existing models. Comparisons show that the proposed model can effectively predict the effective properties of saturated concrete repaired by electrochemical deposition method. When there is no repairing, they can predict the Young's modulus of saturated concrete. Based on the proposed micromechanical framework, it is found that the healed specimens have better performance when the deposition products exhibit higher properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the three-phase four-wire power distribution system of modern cigarette workshops, the zero-sequence current causes the midpoint voltage fluctuation on the DC side, which affects the harmonic control effect of active power filter (APF). To solve this problem, a model predictive reconstructed space voltage vector control strategy based on neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level APF was proposed. The APF harmonic control hierarchy analysis framework was constructed, the three performance indicators of midpoint voltage balance, zero sequence current compensation and space voltage vector utilization were designed, and the performance of various voltage vector indicators was evaluated. The 6 types of reconstructed space voltage vector combinations were quantitatively compared, and the combination with the highest evaluation score in the analytic hierarchy process was selected for model predictive harmonic control. Simulation and experimental results showed that compared with conventional control strategies, the proposed strategy could effectively control harmonics and balance the midpoint voltage of the DC side of the APF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluid is an innovative heat transfer fluid with superior potential for developing the heat transfer performance of fluids. Recent developments in nanotechnology showed that the nanofluid was an efficient working fluid and coolant in the solar thermal application. In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics of SiO2-water nanofluids were investigated both numerically and experimentally. Stable SiO2-water nanofluids were produced by the M-110P Microfluidizer Processor using two-step method in the experiment. The suspension stability was characterized through particle size analysis; Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity was measured by the Hot Disk Thermal Constant Analyzer, the results showed that the thermal conductivity was increased with the increase of mass fraction and temperature. The thermal conductivity of nanofluid with mass fraction 5% placed for 20 d was the least compared with other fresh nanofluids (mass fraction 5%, 3%, 1%) at the same temperatures. What's more, the transmittance of SiO2-water nanofluids with the mass fraction from 1% to 5% were tested and analyzed by the spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the transmittance of SiO2-water nanofluids was increase as the mass fraction decrease. Also, the results showed that the transmittance of SiO2-water nanofluid changed with the retention time. The transmittance of 5% nanofluid was 0.76, which is 0.09 higher than that of the nanofluid (5%) placed for 20 days at the same wavelength. Mainly for the heat transfer characteristics of SiO2-water nanofluid flowing inside the collector tube, the temperature field and velocity field distribution of distilled water and nanofluid were simulated by the finite element software ANSYS. The velocity of 5%, 3% and 1% nanofluids were 1.25, 1.14 and 1.02 mm/s after heated for 60 min, respectively. The velocity of 5% nanofluid was 1.61 mm/s after heated for 142 min, which was 0.86 mm/s faster than that of distilled water at the same position. For the experimental study, the distilled water and nanofluid with 5% SiO2 were chosen as working fluid of solar-collector vacuum tubes in the insolation experiment, respectively. The solar-collector consisted of 80 mm diameter circular tube with a length of 470 mm and was tested in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, which was divided into richer region of the solar energy resources in China. The experiment was carried out to test temperature of working fluid by thermocouples at the same positions in the solar collectors. The experimental errors of thermocouples were less than ±0.2°C after demarcated and the measurement accuracy of the data logger was ±0.3%, which made assurance to the high accuracy of the experiment. Experimental results showed that the heat transfer characteristics of SiO2-water nanofluid was higher than distilled water's and increased as its mass fraction increasing. The temperature of 5% SiO2-water nanofluid was increased by 3.0% at 8:30a.m, while it increased by 6.6% at 10:15a.m when compared with the distilled water at the same position (upper part). The results of simulation and experiments were agreed on the whole. Also, the influence of the retention time of nanofluids to its heat transfer characteristics was analyzed in the experiment. Results showed that, the longer time of nanofluid was placed, the more obvious nanofluid reunited, the lower of its heat transfer characteristics become. This work provided a reference for the nanofluids applied in the solar thermal and photovoltaic cooling application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effects of different planting tobacco soils under the same climatic condition on carbon and nitrogen metabolism indexes related to quality of middle and upper leaves in the medium and later stage of tobacco plant growth and development, and explore new ways to improve the quality of tobacco leaves, 'Yunyan 85' was used as the main test material, and the experiment of three planting tobacco soils of Tianzhu( TZ), Weining( WN) and Longgang( LG) was conducted at the breeding base in Longgang Town(107°06'40. 8"E,26°52'24. 8"N), Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province in 2010 and 2011. The results showed that the activity of nitrate reductase and invertase and the contents of total nitrogen and amino acids in middle and upper leaves of TZ and WN were higher at the medium stage of tobacco growth and development, and the effects of LG became more obviously important during the latter stage. The contents of starch in middle and upper leaves of TZ and WN were higher than those of LG and the content of soluble sugar of LG was higher in the medium and later stage of tobacco growth and development. The contents of total nitrogen, amino acid and nicotine in the middle leaves of TZ were higher, reaching 2. 07%,4. 76%,3. 75% and 2. 07%,4. 43%,3. 64%,and LG were higher in the upper leaves after first baking in 2010 and 2011,reaching 2. 31%,4. 81%,4. 07% and 2. 15%,4. 95%,3. 78%. The content of soluble sugar of TZ in middle and upper leaves was the highest, followed by WN and LG was the lowest, the differences at 0. 05 level of soluble sugar in middle and upper leaves between TZ and LG were significant. In brief, the influence of TZ and WN on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the middle and upper leaves was stronger during the middle stage, while the influence of LG was stronger at later stage. TZ and LG were conducive to the accumulation of nitrogen metabolites in the middle and upper leaves, respect-tively, but LG was not conducive to the accumulation of carbon metabolites. The quality indexes of tobacco carbon and nitrogen metabolites in TZ were more coordinate than WN and LG, and TZ is more favorable to improving tobacco qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the applicability of fracture risk prediction tool FRAX in the population in Xinjiang, and to investigate the effect of FRAX on fracture prediction with or without the availability of bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck in different nationalities. Methods A total of 103 patients (63 were Han and 40 were Uygur) with osteoporotic fractures, who were treated in our hospital from July 2012 to June 2013, were selected. The clinical data of all the patients were retrospectively analyzed. All the risk factors contained in FRAX prediction tool were collected. The data including BMD of the femoral neck were input into the FRAX prediction tool. Then, the fracture probability of main parts (the hip, the spine, the humerus, and the wrist) and the hip in the next 10 years was calculated. With the consideration of different nationalities and with or without BMD of the femoral neck, the FRAX results were compared. Results In all 103 patients with osteoporotic fractures, without BMD in the tool, the fracture probability of main parts and the hip in the next 10 years was 0. 9% - 14% and 0% - 5.2%, respectively. When with BMD in the tool, the fracture probability of main parts and the hip in the next 10 years was 1. 2% - 26% and 0% - 17%, respectively. And no significant difference of the fracture probability was observed with or without BMD (P > 0. 05). Considering different nationalities, with the Han nationality in the tool, the fracture probability of main parts and the hip in the next 10 years was 1% - 26% and 0% - 17%, respectively. As for Uighur, the probability was 0. 9% - 7% and 0% - 3.4%, respectively. And the difference of the fracture probability of main parts and the hip between Han and Uygur was significant (P < 0. 01). Conclusion FRAX fracture risk prediction tool can be used in the population in Xinjiang. Without BMD, the FRAX predicted results are also reliable. The accuracy of FRAX fracture risk prediction in Uighur population may be lower than that in Han population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the deformation principle of rigid frame under force in FEM, a novel surface modeling method is proposed. A rigid frame is created according to topological relation of mesh, so the mesh surface deformation can be driven by rigid frame deformation. Two ways are introduced to get loads that urge rigid frame to deform, that is, directly exerting loads on nodes of rigid frame and adding geometric constraint interactively to get the inverse calculation of load. Aiming at geometric constrain deformation, a constrained optimization problem is established with minimization of external load and node displacement. In deformation process, the elastic modulus of elements associating with features of mesh is increased to preserve form feature. Compared with traditional method, sophisticate equations describing geometric feature information are avoided. Experimental results show that the method is straightforward and can generate desired deformation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]