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Aim To explore the correlation between coronary artery calcification score (CACS) and retinal arteriosclerosis using artificial intelligence assisted analysis software. Methods 511 examinees who underwent physical examinations in the Department of Health Medicine of General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command in 2022 were selected as the research subjects, they were divided into a coronary artery calcification (CAC) group ( >0, 261 cases) and a non CAC group ( = 0, 250 cases) based on the Agatston score, the clinical data of the two groups of examinees were compared using independent sample t-tests and chi square tests. According to the condition of retinal arteriosclerosis, the examinees were divided into three groups: normal retinal artery group, weakened retinal artery elasticity group and retinal arteriosclerosis group. Kruskal Wallis H test was used to compare the quantitative indicators of CACS and retinal microvasculature among the three groups; Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between CAC grading and clinical indicators, as well as quantitative indicators of retinal microvasculature; binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between retinal arteriosclerosis and CAC. Results The age, number of smokers, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine ( SCr), blood uric acid (BUA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG) in the CAC group were higher than those in the non CAC group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0. 05). There were statistically significant differences in total CACS and AVR among the three groups of normal retina, weakened retinal artery elasticity and retinal arteriosclerosis ( all P<0. 05), while there was no significant difference in CRAE and CRVE (all P>0. 05). The CACS level and total score were positively correlated with age, smoking status, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, BMI, systolic blood pressure, BUN, SCr, BUA, homocysteine (Hcy), FBG, 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2h PBG), HbA1c, TG (all P<0. 05), and negatively correlated with gender, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDLC; all P<0. 05), but not with diastolic blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDLC; all P > 0. 05 ). The degree of retinal arteriosclerosis was positively correlated with age, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, calcification scores of left main artery (LM), left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), right coronary artery (RCA), total CACS, BUN, FBG, 2h PBG, HbA1c and TG (all P<0. 05), and negatively correlated with TC, HDLC and LDLC (all P<0. 05), but not with gender, smoking status, pulse, SCr, BUA and Hcy (all P>0. 05). CAC level was negatively correlated with AVR (r = -0. 166, P<0. 05), and positively correlated with retinal arteriosclerosis level (r = 0. 199, P<0. 05), but not significantly correlated with CRAE and CRVE (all P>0. 05). There was a correlation between CAC and retinal arteriosclerosis (P<0. 001). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, WHR, BMI, systolic blood pressure, FBG, SCr, BUA, BUN, and HDLC factors, the correlation between CAC and retinal arteriosclerosis still exists (P= 0. 048). Conclusion AI assisted analysis of retinal vascular diameter and degree of retinal arteriosclerosis is related to CAC, which plays a positive role in risk assessment of atherosclerotic heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the levels of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), and to discuss their relationships with coronary artery calcification (CAC). Methods: The clinical materials from 102 MHD patients (MHD group) were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, 74 volunteers underwent routine health examination at the same time (health examination group) were selected. The CAC scores (CACs) of the patients in MHD group were detected by multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT), and the patients were categorized into non-calcification group, mild calcification group, moderate calcification group, and severe calcification group. The general data and serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and SOD activities of the subjects in two groups were compared. The levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and SOD activities in serum of the patients with different degrees of calcification were analyzed. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between the levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and SOD activity in serum of the MHD patients and CACs. Results: Compared with health examination group, the levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in serum of the patients in MHD group were significantly increased (P<0. 01), and the SOD activity was significantly decreased (P< 0. 01). Compared with non-calcification group, the levels of PTH, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 in serum of the MHD patients in mild, moderate, and severe calcification groups were significantly increased (P< 0. 05), and the SOD activities were significantly decreased (P<0. 05); the levels of P in serum of the MHD patients in moderate and severe calcification groups were significantly increased (P<0. 05). Compared with mild calcification group, the levels of P, PTH, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 in serum of the MHD patients in moderate and severe calcification groups were significantly increased (P<0. 05), and the SOD activities significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Compared with moderate calcification group, the levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and P in serum of the MHD patients in severe calcification group were significantly increased (P<0. 05), and the SOD activity was significantly decreased (P<0. 05). The SOD activity in serum of the MHD patients was negatively correlated with CACs (r =-0. 484, P<0. 01), while the levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were positively correlated with CACs (r =0. 441, P< 0. 01; r = 0. 561, P<0. 01). Conclusion: The levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and activity of SOD in serum of the MHD patients are abnormal. With the decreasing of the SOD activity and increasing of the levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1, the degree of CAC in the MHD patients is aggravated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To investigate the correlation between blood lipid level and the severity of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods 205 CKD patients treated with PD in our hospital from June 2018 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects, according to the CAC scores, they were divided into calcified group (n =152) and non-calcified group (n =53), and the patients in calcified group were divided into mild calcification group (n =61), moderate calcification group (n =50), and severe calcification group (n =41). The differences in clinical data and laboratory indicators were compared through univariate analysis. The restricted cubic spline fitting Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between blood lipid levels and CAC. Multiple Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to explore the predictive value of blood lipid levels for the severity of CAC. Results Compared with the non-calcified group, the age, diabetes ratio, body mass index(BMI), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC), and blood phosphorus levels increased significantly in the calcified group, the levels of uric acid(UA), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC), blood magnesium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25-(OH)-VitD3) were significantly reduced (P<0. 05); Logistic regression showed that adjusted TC (OR=1. 79, 95%CI:1. 56 ~2. 10), TG(OR=2. 13, 95%CI:1. 86 ~2. 41), HDLC(OR=0. 67, 95%CI:0. 42 ~0. 84), LDLC(OR=2. 01, 95%CI:1. 78 ~2. 32) were still a risk factor for the occurrence of CAC after adjusting for age, diabetes and other factors, and as the levels of TG, TC, and LDLC increased, the levels of HDLC decreased, and their correlation effect values also increased correspondingly (Ptrend <0. 05). Compared with the mild calcification group, the age, TG, and TC of the moderate and severe calcification groups significantly increased, HDLC significantly decreased, UA significantly increased in the moderate calcification group, LDLC and blood phosphorus significantly increased in the severe calcification group, while blood magnesium and 25-(OH)-VitD3 significantly decreased; Compared with the moderate calcification group, the severe calcification group showed a significant increase in TC and LDLC, while UA and HDLC decreased significantly (all P<0. 05). And the multiple Logistic regression model showed that older age, higher levels of TG, TC, LDLC, and lower level of HDLC were independent risk factors for severe CAC in CKD patients after PD treatment (P< 0. 05). Restrictive cubic spline regression analysis showed a significant correlation between blood lipid levels and the severity of CAC. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of TG, TC, HDLC, and LDLC combined detection was 0. 897, with a sensitivity of 0. 899, and a specificity of 0. 826. This indicated that the predictive value of TG, TC, HDLC, and LDLC combined detection for the severity of CAC in CKD patients undergoing PD treatment was higher than any single indicator. Conclusion The increased levels of TG, TC, LDLC and decreased level of HDLC were significantly associated with the risk of CAC in CKD patients undergoing PD treatment, they were also involved in the occurrence and development of CAC, and their predictive value can be improved through joint examinations in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To diagnose coronary artery stenosis by using the postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA), and to explore the diagnostic value of PMCTA in sudden cardiac death. Methods Six death cases were selected, and the contrast medium iohexol was injected under high pressure through femoral artery approach with 5F pigtail catheter to obtain coronary image data and then the data was analyzed. The results of targeted coronary imaging and coronary artery calcium score (CaS) were compared with the results of conventional autopsy and histopathological examination. Results The autopsy and histopathological examination of cases with coronary artery stenosis obtained similar results in targeted coronary angiography, with a diagnostic concordance rate of 83.3%. Targeted coronary angiography could effectively show coronary artery diseases, and the CaS was consistent with the results of conventional autopsy and histopathological examination. Conclusion Targeted coronary angiography can be used as an effective auxiliary method for conventional autopsy in cases of sudden cardiac death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of coronary artery calcification (CAC) by low dose chest CT in asymptomatic middle-aged male patients, and to explore the value of low dose chest CT in early screening of cardiovascular diseases. Methods 2 571 asymptomatic male participants aged 40 ~65 were selected who underwent health examination at General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from January to December 2022. General data, blood indicators, chest CT and other data were collected, and participants were divided into CAC group (n =422) and non-CAC group (n =2 149) according to whether chest CT indicated CAC. The differences between the two groups and the risk factors of CAC were analyzed. Results Among 2 571 asymptomatic middle-aged male patients, the positive rate of CAC was 16. 41%. The age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, waist circumference, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were higher in CAC group than in non-CAC group, and the red blood cell count (RBC) was lower in CAC group than that in non-CAC group (all P<0. 05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the effects of age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, waist circumference, RBC, ALT, AST, BUN, TG, FBG, and HbA1c on CAC were statistically significant (all P< 0. 05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, RBC, and AST were independent risk factors for CAC (all P<0. 05). Conclusion Age, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, RBC, and AST are independent risk factors for CAC in low dose chest CT, and physical examination chest CT is valuable in cardiovascular disease screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To construct a nomogram model for predicting the risk of coronary artery calcification in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and evaluate its predictive efficiency. Methods The data of DRYAD database were analyzed by the R software. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent predictors of coronary artery calcification risk in patients with COPD, and a personalized nomogram prediction model was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive effect of the nomogram model. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male, advanced age, use of statins and use of ACE inhibitors or ARB antihypertensive drugs were independent risk factors for coronary artery calcification in COPD patients (P<0. 05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the constructed nomogram model was 0. 779, 95%CI: 0. 725 ~0. 834, suggesting that the nomogram had good discrimination. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that there was no significant difference between the predicted probability of nomogram and the actual frequency of coronary artery calcification (χ2 =6. 240, P =0. 621), that is, the nomogram model had good calibration. The DCA curve showed that when the threshold probability of coronary artery calcification in COPD patients was between 0. 26 and 0. 96, the net benefit of patients using the nomogram model was significantly better than that of the "full intervention" and "no intervention" measures, suggesting that the nomogram model has good clinical applicability. Conclusion The nomogram prediction model constructed in this study can be used to assist clinical staff to screen out COPD populations with high risk of coronary calcification, formulate individualized targeted intervention plans, and reduce the incidence of coronary calcification in COPD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an effective treatment for coronary heart disease in cardiology. A variety of complex lesions are faced during PCI, among which coronary artery calcification (CAC) increases the difficulty of PCI, immediate postoperative risk, short-term and long-term postoperative risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Early identification and assessment of CAC is important to improve surgical success rate, reduce postoperative complications and adverse cardiovascular events risks and improve prognosis. Objective To explore the influencing factors of CAC in patients with coronary heart disease, so as to provide evidence for early prevention, diagnosis and PCI of CAC. Methods From January to December 2021, 353 patients with coronary heart disease admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital for chest pain or chest tightness and diagnosed with coronary artery disease by coronary angiography (CAG) . A total of 196 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected and received intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) . The included patients were divided into 73 patients in the non-calcification group (median calcification index = 0) , 62 patients in the low-calcification index group (0.000 1≤median calcification index≤0.216 6) , 61 patients in the high-calcification index group (median calcification index > 0.216 6) . Spearman rank correlation and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of the severity and incidence of CAC. Results There were significant differences in age, sex composition ratio, history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, glutamyl transferase, albumin-to-globulin ratio, triglyceride-glucose index, triglyceride, phosphorus and glycated hemoglobin among the non-calcification group, low-calcification index group and high-calcification index group (P

Aim To investigate the correlation between urinary albumin (UAlb) level and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods 186 CKD patients hospitalized in Xianyang Central Hospital for PD treatment from February 2020 to June 2022 were selected as research objects and included in the training set; according to Rumberger CAC grading method, they were divided into noncalcification group (0 ~ 10 points, 80 cases) and calcification group (>10 points, 106 cases); according to the same criteria, 62 CKD patients hospitalized in Xianyang Central Hospital for PD treatment from July 2022 to November 2022 were included in the validation set. The clinical data of the two groups were compared and analyzed. The threshold effect of UAlb was determined by curve fitting and threshold effect analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the occurrence of CAC, and an nomogram prediction model was constructed and evaluated. Results When UAlb>30 mg / L, the risk of CAC increased with the increase of its level. Age>50 years old, dialysis time>20 months, diabetes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)≥3. 5, phosphorus≥1. 8 mmol / L, and UAlb>30 mg / L were independent risk factors for CAC (P<0. 05). The evaluation results showed that the discrimination, accuracy and effectiveness of the nomograph prediction model were high. Conclusions When UAlb>30 mg / L, the risk of CAC increases with its level. Age>50 years old, dialysis time>20 months, diabetes, NLR≥3. 5, phosphorus≥1. 8 mmol / L, UAlb>30 mg / L are all independent risk factors for CAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation between coronary arterial calcification (CAC) and osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into coronary artery calcification group and control group according to the coronary artery calcification score. General data were recorded, and detected blood glucose, blood lipids, calcium, phosphorus, ALP, N-MID, B-CTX and other biochemical indices. Meanwhile, bone mineral density (BMD) and Coronary artery enhanced CT, to explore whether there is correlation between BMD, bone metabolism indexes and CAC and other indexes, on this basis, correlation analysis of related indexes in patients with coronary artery calcification group was further conducted. According to the result of enhanced coronary CT, the patients were divided into coronary stenosis group and non-coronary stenosis group to further explore the relationship between coronary stenosis and osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes patients. Results Age, ALP, waist circumference, BMI and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the coronary artery calcification group were higher than those in the control group, and there were statistical differences (P < 0.05), but no statistically significant differences in bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes between the two groups (P > 0.05) . Correlation analysis; P, 25(OH) D + B-CTX, PTH were negatively associated with lumbar spine and hip BMD (P < 0.05) . Previous history of coronary heart disease were positively correlated with lumbar BMD P < 0.05 ) and menopause years were negatively associated lumbar BMD (P < 0.05), while age, menopause years, systolic blood pressure, HDL-C and HOMA-IS were negatively associated with hip BMD (P < 0.05) . Logistic regression analysis of CAC and each index: Coronary artery calcification was correlated with coronary artery stenosis, history of coronary heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis (P < 0.05) . Logistic regression analysis of coronary artery stenosis and each index: There was significant correlation between coronary artery stenosis and coronary artery calcification and history of coronary heart disease (P<0.05). Conclusion This study confirmed that coronary artery stenosis is correlated with lumbar BMD, coronary artery calcification is significantly correlated with coronary artery stenosis; Coronary artery stenosis, previous history of coronary heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis were independent risk factors for coronary artery calcification and CAC was independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. Controlling blood glucose and osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes may 20 reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To analyze the clinical characteristic of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and search for noninvasive serological markers for evaluating CAC. Methods 148 MHD patients were selected as the research subjects. The coronary artery calcification score (CACS) was evaluated by multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) to judge the CAC status. According to CACS, patients with MHD were divided into three groups (CACS<100 group, 100≤CACS≤400 group, CACS>400 group). Compare the differences of serum irison, sclerostin (SOST), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), fetuin A and general clinical data in the three groups. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the degree of CAC and each index. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factor of CAC in MHD patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to search for non-invasive serological indicators for diagnosis and evaluation of CAC in MHD patients. Results The prevalence of CAC (CACS>100) in 148 MHD patients was 62. 8% (93/148). There were statistical differences in irisin, SOST, serum phosphate, age, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and uric acid among the three groups (P<0. 05), while there were no differences in HIF-1α and fetuin A (P>0. 05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the degree of CAC was positively correlated with SOST, age, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product (P<0. 05), and negatively correlated with the level of irisin (P<0. 05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum triglyceride, SOST and irison level was independent risk factor for CAC(P<0. 05). ROC curve analysis showed that irisin and SOST had high diagnostic value for MHD patients complicated with CAC. Conclusion Serum irisin and SOST are expected to be non-invasive serological indicators for the diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of CAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effect of Lanthanum Carbonate Chewable Tablets Combined with calcitonin on coronary artery calcification and blood phosphorus level in patients with hemodialysis hyperphosphatemia. Methods: 120 patients with hemodialysis hyperphosphatemia received by our hospital from August 2019 to March 2021 were selected. The patients were divided into the control group (60 cases, calcitonin treatment) and the observation group (60 cases, Lanthanum Carbonate Chewable Tablets on the basis of the control group treatment) by double color ball method. The curative effects, blood phosphorus, blood calcium, calcium phosphorus product, intact parathyroid hormone (i PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and coronary artery calcification score (CACS) of the two groups were compared, and the adverse reactions of the two groups were observed. Results: The total clinical effective rate of the observation group (91.67%) was better than that of the control group (70.00%) (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, blood phosphorus, i PTH, blood calcium, FGF-23, calcium phosphorus product and CACS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Lanthanum Carbonate Chewable Tablets combined with calcitonin can delay coronary artery calcification and effectively reduce blood phosphorus level in patients with hemodialysis hyperphosphatemia, which is safe and effective [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the CT flow reserve fraction (FFRCT) in evaluating myocardial ischemia induced by left anterior descending branch (LAD) myocardial bridge (MB) and the risk factors of FFRCT abnormality in the LAD mural coronary artery (MCA) segment with MB and calcified plaque. Methods A total of 124 patients diagnosed as LAD MB (60) or middle LAD MB with proximal MCA calcified plaque (64) by CT coronary angiography were selected. The Kappa test was used to compare the consistency between the criteria for diagnosing myocardial ischemia with the FFRCT of MCA segment ≤0.8 and the clinical criteria for myocardial ischemia. 64 patients with MB and calcified plaque were divided into abnormal FFRCT group (FFRCT≤0.8) or normal FFRCT group (FFRCT>0.8). Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of abnormal FFRCT of MCA segment in MB with calcified plaque. Results The Kappa consistency test between the criteria for diagnosing myocardial ischemia and the criteria for clinically diagnosing myocardial ischemia was better (Kappa value=0.773, P<0.001) when FFRCT of MCA segment was ≤0.8. MB combined with calcified plaque was significantly (P=0.005) more likely to have myocardial ischemia symptoms (43.75%) than MB without plaque (20.00%). When MB was combined with calcified plaque, logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of coronary artery stenosis at the calcified plaque (OR=3.428, P=0.040), the plaque calcification score (OR=1.022, P=0.027), and the degree of MCA constriction and stenosis (OR=1.171, P=0.012) were risk factors for abnormal FFRCT values in the MCA segment. Conclusion Myocardial ischemia induced by LAD MB can be assessed by monitoring the FFRCT of the MCA segment of the LAD. In middle LAD MB combined with proximal MCA calcified plaque, the degree of coronary artery stenosis at the calcified plaque, plaque calcification score, and the degree of MCA stenosis are risk factors for abnormal FFRCT value in the MCA segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor 23（FGF23）, alkaline phosphatase（ALP）and fetuin-A（FA） levels and coronary artery calcification（CAC） in patients with coronary heart disease（CHD） and to explore their predictive value for CAC. Methods: 165 patients with CHD who were admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected, and they were divided into CAC group（n=73） and no-CAC group（n=92） according to whether they were accompanied by CAC or not. Clinical data of the patients were collected, and serum FGF23, ALP and FA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The influencing factors of CAC in patients with CHD were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression, and the predictive value of serum FGF23, ALP and FA levels on CAC in patients with CHD was drawed by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves. Results: Serum FGF23 and ALP levels in the CAC group were higher than in the no-CAC group, and FA level was lower than thae in the no-CAC group（all P<0.01）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that that age（older）（OR=1.220, 95% CI:1.087～1.369）, hypertension（OR=1.461, 95%CI:1.062～2.010）, blood calcium（higher）（OR=1.532, 95%CI:1.042～2.251）, blood phosphorus（higher）（OR=1.209, 95%CI:1.097～1.333）, FGF23（higher）（OR=1.012, 95%CI: 1.007～1.018）, ALP（higher）（OR=1.046,95%CI:1.023～1.070） were independent risk factors for CAC in patients with CHD, FA（higher）（OR=0.827, 95%CI:0.750～0.912） was independent protective factor（all P<0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve（AUC） of serum FGF23, ALP and FA were 0.790, 0.773, 0.786 and 0.915, respectively, and the AUC of serum FGF23, ALP and FA in combination with CHD was greater than that of each indicator alone. Conclusion: The serum FGF23 and ALP levels increased and serum FA level decreased are closely related to the occurrence of CAC in patients with CHD, which can be used as auxiliary predictors of THE occurrence of CAC in patients with CHD, and the combined prediction value of the three indicators is high in the risk of CAC in patients with CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the relationship between serum zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), sclerostin (SOST) and fetal globulin A (FA) levels and coronary artery calcification in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and its diagnostic value. A total of 203 patients receiving MHD in hospital from January 2018 to April 2021 were included in this study. According to the difference of coronary artery calcification score, the patients were divided into calcification group with 133 cases and non-calcification group with 70 cases. The differences in baseline data and laboratory indicators levels between the two groups were analyzed, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the influencing factors of coronary artery calcification in patients with MHD. In addition, the efficacy of serum ZAG, SOST and FA in the diagnosis of coronary artery calcification in patients with MHD was determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis. Age, serum phosphorus and SOST levels in calcification group were higher than those in non-calcification group, while serum ZAG and FA levels were lower than those in non-calcification group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, serum phosphorus and serum SOST, ZAG and FA were influence factors for coronary artery calcification in patients with MHD (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of serum ZAG, SOST and FA in the combined diagnosis of coronary artery calcification in patients with MHD were higher than those of the above three indicators alone. Serum ZAG, SOST and FA are closely related to coronary artery calcification in patients with MHD, and may be used as possible biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of coronary artery calcification in patients with MHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze t he degree of vascular stenosis at the site of severe coronary artery calcification(CAC) by using coronary computed tomography ang iography(cCTA ), and to evaluate its diagnostic value for coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods A total of 100 patients with severe CAC, receiving cCTA and coronary angiography(CAG) within one month from Jan. 2016 to May. 2019,were e nrolled. Vascular site of severe CAC wasiden tified by using cCTA,and the degree of vascular stenosis at t he same site was evaluated by using CAG. The relationship between severe calcium score and vascular stenos is, total calcium score and severe calcium score, Gensini score were statistically analyzed, and the independent influence factors of total calcium score were also studied. Results The severe calcium score was positively correlated with vascular stenos is (r = 0. 150, P<0. 05). Total calcium score was positively correlated with severe calcium score(r 0.889, P < 0. 05) and Gensini score(r = 0. 214, P<0. 05). Age was an independent influence factor of total calcium score. As for the severe CAC segments identified by cCTA, CAG indicated that the hig hest proportion of mild stenosis was 60. 8S .%, and CAD accounted for 39. 15 % . Conclusion For patients with severe CAC, the d iagnostic value of cCT A for CAD might be limited, and CAG examination should be further performed to assess the degree of vascular stenosis . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the relationship between plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) level and coronary artery calcification in patients with hypertension and the relationship between OPG and angiotensin II (AngII). Methods A total of 348 patients with hypertension were enrolled in this study. Coronary calcification was determined by 64-row coronary CT. Patients with hypertension were divided into coronary calcification group and non-coronary calcification group according to their coronary calcification score. We compared the clinical and laboratory indications of the two groups. The odds ratio (OR) value of risk factors for coronary calcification and the correlation coefficient between OPG and AngII levels were calculated. Results The OPG and AngII levels in patients with coronary calcification were higher than those in patients without coronary calcification (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that OPG level (OR 3.728, 95% CI 1.314-7.714) and AngII level (OR 2.385, 95% CI 1.281-4.836) were both independent risk factors for coronary calcification (P <0.001). Moreover, OPG and AngII levels were both correlated with the severity of coronary artery calcification. In patients with coronary calcification, OPG level was positively correlated with AngII level (r=0.509, P<0.001), while in patients without coronary calcification, OPG level was not correlated with AngII level (P>0.05). Conclusion OPG is an independent risk factor for coronary artery calcification in patients with hypertension and is related to the severity of coronary artery calcification. In hypertensive patients with coronary artery calcification, OPG and Ang II levels are positively correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in postmenopausal women. Methods Participants included 120 postmenopausal women older than 55 years. Clinical data of each participant was collected. Serum total glyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), calcium, and phosphate were measured. BMD of the hip and lumbar vertebrae 1-4 was detected using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. CAC was measured with high-definition computerized tomography. Results There was a significant negative correlation between age and BMD of the left femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae 1-4 (P<0.05). For CAC, there was a moderately positive correlation between age and volume and mass scores. CAC was present in 66% of participants. There was no significant correlation between all kinds of CAC scores including calcification and volume and mass scores, and BMD of all scanned body parts including lumbar spine 1-4 and femoral neck (P>0.05). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the relationship between CAC scores and BMD remained no statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Age is an important factor for decrease of BMD and development of CAC detected by HDCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association of serum soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) to coronary artery calcification (CAC) in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Sixty HD patients and thirty healthy volunteers were involved in the study. The levels of sTWEAK were determined by ELISA. Coronary artery calcification score (CACs) was evaluated by multislice computed tomography scans. The levels of sTWEAK and CACs in two groups were compared. Spearman analysis was used to assess correlations of sTWEAK levels with CACs and other variables. The stepwise regression analysis was used to study the predictive factors for CAC. Results: The levels of serum sTWEAK in HD patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls [186.23 (148.35, 220.74)pg/mL and 265.13 (210.91, 298.22)pg/mL, respectively P<0.01]. The levels of serum sTWEAK increased significantly in patients with CACs>400 than those in patients with CACs≤ 400 [220.73(189.70, 251.67)pg/mL and 146.07 (138.43, 180.11)pg/mL, respectively P<0.01]. sTWEAK level showed an positive correlation with CACs (r=0.482, P＜0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that independent risk factors associated with severe CAC were levels of sTWEAK, age, time on hemodialysis and diabetes (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The levels of serum sTWEAK are decreased in maintenance HD patients. However, within the HD patients' range, higher sTWEAK was associated with severe CAC. Serum sTWEAK may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAC in HD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided rotational atherectomy (RA) combined with cutting balloon for pretreatment of severe calcified lesions in the coronary artery before stent placement., Methods: A total of 120 patients with severe coronary artery calcifications detected by IVUS that required percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were recruited from our hospital between January, 2016 to January, 2019. The patients were randomized into two groups for pretreatment of the lesions with semicompliant balloon (SB group, 60 cases) or RA combined with CB (RA+CB group, 60 cases), and drug-eluting stents were implanted after the procedure. The immediate success rate of PCI, vascular parameters detected by IVUS after PCI, and the rates of residual stenosis < 10% were compared between the two groups. The incidences of intraoperative complications and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 24 months after the surgery were also observed in the two groups., Results: The immediate success rate was significantly higher in RA+CB group than in SB group ( P =0.032). After pretreatment and stent placement, the minimum stent lumen diameter ( P =0.035), minimum stent lumen cross-sectional area ( P =0.029), immediate lumen acquisition, immediate lumen cross-sectional area acquisition and the rate of residual stenosis < 10% were all significantly higher in RA+CB group than in SB group ( P < 0.001). The patients in RA+ CB group showed obviously less residual stenosis of lumen cross-sectional area than those in SB group after the surgery (χ 2 = 7.859, P =0.005). The incidences of intraoperative complications (χ 2 =5.997, P =0.014) and MACE within 24 months after the operation (χ 2 =4.285, P =0.038) were significantly lower in RA+CB group than in SB group., Conclusion: For patients with severe coronary artery calcifications eligible for PCI, RA combined with CB angioplasty can significantly improve the success rate of immediate PCI, expand the lumen diameter and cross-sectional area of the stent after PCI, enhance immediate lumen gain, and reduce the incidence of intraoperative complications and MACE after the operation.