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This experiment established a relative quantitative detection method for bovine derived components in milk powder based on Real time PCR. The specificity, sensitivity, and stability of cattle-specific primers and probes were tested. By simulating mixed samples of cow’s milk powder and horse’s milk powder with different concentrations, linear fitting was performed based on the functional relationship of their △Ct values, and a standard curve was drawn to establish a relative quantitative detection of bovine derived components in milk powder. The results showed that the minimum detection limit of this method was 0.000 01 mg/mL. The recovery rate was 91.11%~119.2%, with an inter group coefficient of variation of ≤0.58% and an intra group coefficient of variation of ≤1.44%. This method is suitable for detecting the adulteration of bovine derived components and content in milk powder in terms of specificity and stability.

The basic structure, working principle, and the development process and research status of resistive random access memory (RRAM) were outlined. Material systems, including dielectric materials, electrode materials, and substrate materials, as well as broad trends and recent researches of flexible RRAM were summarized; the performance characteristics of flexible RRAM, including storage performance and mechanics performance, were analyzed. The significance and challenge of developing flexible RRAM were explicated. Problems existing in this area and possible approaches to the problems were also put forward. It was concluded that the highly conductive stretchable electrode and the steadily stored stretchable dielectric are primary direction in the future.

It is difficult to simulate the explosive detonation of multi-lighter points and describe the assembling energy of detonation waves with the existent finite element methods. Particularly, computational efficiency and precision of the finite element methods are limited due to mesh distortion. Therefore, the explosive detonation of 2 lighters and even more lighters was numerically simulated with the material point method based on the explicit integration algorithm, to give results fitting the theoretical solution well. The proposed method not only avoids the remeshing procedure for distorted elements, but also makes an effective way to the numerical simulation of the explosive detonation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The instrumental analysis experiment is a compulsory course for students of applied chemistry, pharmacy, and food science. Based on the practice and exploration in instrument analysis experimental teaching, this paper introduced the formation of the " trinity " training mode with the basic experimental teaching as the core, the open experiments as expanding, and the production practice as the extension. Two platforms were constructed which included the teaching network and the cooperative practice-teaching. The new instrumental analysis experimental teaching system had been built with the characteristic of union management, module tuition, and extension practice. Teaching practice has proved that this experimental teaching model is more helpful not only in cultivating students ' comprehensive practice ability, innovation consciousness, and team cooperation spirit, but also in inspiring students ' interest in learning and arousing their enthusiasm for scientific research. It also lays a good foundation for students' flow-up graduation theses and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the causes of aggravation of microcirculation disorders in the process of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and the clinical outcomes. Methods The clinical data of the aggravated signs and symptoms of 13 cases treated by alteplase were reported, and the onset characteristics and clinical outcomes were analysed to summarize emergency experiences. Results There were 13 patients with stenosis of intracranial large arteries occurred perforating branch infarctions caused by the blocking of carried arteries (8 cases in internal carotid system, 5 cases in vertebral-basilar system). In the process of thrombolytic therapy, main aggravated presentations including cortical ischemic symptom, quadriplegia, exacerbated disturbance of consciousness were seen. Imaging examinations showed multiple new petechial ischemic foci in cortex and watershed region or increasing of infarct foci in cerebellum and brain stem. The prognosis was favorable after expectant treatment. NIHSS score was 8.69 ± 3.42 at 24 h after treatment, and mRS score was 0.94 ± 0.37 at 3 month-follow-up. Neurologic deficit and quality of life were evidently improved. Conclusion In the course of intravenous thrombolytic therapy with alteplase. Aggravated clinical signs and symptoms may be related to various factors. Emboli disintegration inducing microcirculation disorder is inferred to be the main cause. For patients presenting aggravated signs and symptoms in thrombolysis process, favorable outcomes may occur as long as intensive care and timely treatment are performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The incidence of stroke in China has been growing year by year and has become the first cause of death exceeding cancer and heart disease. However, non-standard thrombolytic drug dose and therapeutic time window have seriously affected the treating effect of acute ischemic stroke. This study aims to explore the effect of intravenous alteplase with standard dose and reperfusion injury of ischemic brain tissue and prognosis of patients receiving thrombolytic therapy within therapeutic time window. Methods Clinical data of 86 patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving thrombolytic therapy with alteplase were retrospectively analyzed. Efficacy at 24 h and 3 months after thrombolysis was evaluated according to the multi - modal MRI, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NHISS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were used to identify the extent of neurological function improvement and prognosis of patients. Results Among 86 patients, 56 cases were anterior circulation ischemia, and 30 cases were posterior circulation ischemia. At 24 h after thrombolysis, 62 cases with favorable neurological function outcome accounted for 72.09%, and 24 cases with poor outcome accounted for 27.91%. The NHISS scores before and after thrombolysis were statistically different (P = 0.023). Based on multi-modal MRI of 42 cases at 24 h after thrombolysis, there were 18 cases with complete vascular recanalization (42.86%), 6 cases with partial recanalization (14.28%) and 18 cases with occlusion (42.86%). The difference before and after thrombolytic thearpy was statistically significant (P = 0.073). In the follow- up of 3 months, 78 patients with favorable function outcome accounted for 90.70%, and 8 cases with poor outcome accounted for 9.30%, which were significantly different from that before thrombolysis (P = 0.008). Conclusion Cerebral vascular recanalization and reperfusion of brain tissue are reliable indicators of clinical efficacy for intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the protrusion and the orbital volume using Hertel curve in the fresh cadavers. METHODS: An inflatable balloon was inserted between the periorbita and orbital floor in 5 fresh human cadavers. Hertel measurements were taken for each millimeter over a total 7ml volume increment. Eighty data points were achieved and analyzed statistically using SAS6.12 software package. RESULTS: There was a high linear correlation between the protrusion and the orbital volume using Hertel curve in the fresh cadavers Y=8.57-0.96X (r=-0.86, P=0.0001⩽0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The inflatable balloon is an effective instrument for measuring the orbital volume. There is a linear relation between the protrusion and the orbital volume increments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the Simplant analytic software for orbital volumetric measurement. METHODS: The volume of 10 orbits from 5 skulls was evaluated with the Simplant analytic software, and compared with the volume obtained by direct measurement using the water displacement method. The accuracy of volume measurement using Simplant software was assessed statistically by paired t test with SAS6.12 software package. RESULTS: The mean volume was found to be (28.82±1.65)ml by direct impression and (28.81±1.65)ml by the Simplant analytic software. There was no significant difference between the two methods (P>0.05). The correlation between the techniques was found to be high (r=0.971). CONCLUSION: The Simplant analytic software for orbital volumetric measurement is a simple and accurate method. Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.Y0203). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To study the feasibility, and clinical effect of repairing important branches of facial nerve (zygomatic and marginal mandibular branches) with unimportant ones (upper buccal and cervical branches). METHODS: The defect of zygomatic and marginal mandibular branches was repaired with upper buccal and cervical branches, respectively. After the length of facial nerve defect was measured, the distal part of the upper buccal and cervical branches with peripheral tissue was used to repair the defect. Under operating microscope, nerve anastomosis was performed with 9--0 suture. 5 cases suffering from defect of marginal mandibular branches were repaired with cervical branches, and 7 cases with defect of zygomatic branches were repaired with upper buccal branches. RESULTS: In 5 cases suffering from defect of marginal mandibular branches. 2 cases recovered in 3 months, and 3 cases recovered in 6 months; In 7 cases suffering from defect of zygomatic branches, all recovered in 3-4 months. CONCLUSION: Repair of defect of zygomatic and marginal mandibular branches with upper buccal and cervical branches is feasible and the result is acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil moisture factor is one of the important parameters in the study of wind and sand fixation functions of ecosystems. Traditional methods often use potential evaporation, rainfall, and irrigation observed by meteorological stations to estimate soil moisture, which has significant limitations in terms of spatial continuity and data availability. Based on the development of remote sensing technology in soil moisture detection, we selected four remote sen-sing indicators for soil moisture (MODIS evapotranspiration ratio method, SMAP soil moisture ratio method, visible shortwave infrared drought index method, and remote sensing humidity index method) to improve the estimation of soil moisture factor in the modified wind erosion equation model (RWEQ), and used the improved algorithm to analyze the spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of wind prevention and sand fixation services in the northwest region of Liaoning Province from 2001 to 2021. The results showed that the MODIS evapotranspiration ratio method had the highest correlation with traditional meteorological methods in calculating soil moisture. The formula obtained by fitting the two could be used to improve the calculation of soil moisture factor in the RWEQ model. From 2001 to 2021, the wind prevention and sand fixation capacity in the northwest region of Liaoning Province showed strong spatial distribution characteristics in the northern and eastern regions, while weak in the central and western regions. According to Mann-Kendall trend testing, 72.7% of the regions in northwest Liaoning Province were showing an upward trend in their ability to prevent wind and fix sand. The application of geographic detector models for driving factor analysis showed that the change in wind and sand fixation capacity was a process of multiple factors interacting with each other, greatly influenced by soil type, annual wind speed, and economic development level. Moreover, the interaction between various driving factors had a higher impact on wind and sand fixation than that of single factors. The results could improve the RWEQ model estimation and provide technical support for the long-term analysis of ecological function formation mechanisms and driving forces in the northwest region of Liaoning.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with decitabine (Dec)-conditioning regimen in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and MDS transformed acute myeloid leukemia (MDS-AML)., Methods: The characteristics and efficacy data of 93 patients with MDS and MDS-AML who received allo-HSCT in our center from April 2013 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were administered by myeloablative conditioning regimen containing Dec (25 mg/m 2 /d×3 d)., Results: Among the 93 patients, 63 males and 30 females, were diagnosed as MDS（ n ＝77）, MDS-AML（ n ＝16）. The incidence of I/II grade regimen-related toxicity (RRT) was 39.8%, and III grade RRT was only found in 1 patient (1%). Neutrophil engraftment was successful in 91 (97.8%) patients after a median neutrophil engraftment time of 14 (9-27) days; Successful platelet engraftment was achieved in 87 (93.5%) patients, with a median engraftment time of 18 (9-290) days. The incidence of acute graft versus host disease（aGVHD） and grade III-IV aGVHD was 44.2% and 16.2%, respectively. The incidence of chronic graft versus host disease（cGVHD） and moderate-to-severe cGVHD was 59.5% and 37.1%, respectively. Of the 93 patients, 54 (58%) developed posttransplant infections, among which lung infection (32.3%) and bloodstream infection (12.9%) were the most common. The median follow-up after transplantation was 45 (0.1-108) months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate, disease-free survival (DFS) rate, treatment-related mortality, and cumulative incidence of relapse were 72.7%, 68.4%, 25.1%, and 6.5%, respectively. And the 1-year graft-versus-host disease/relapse-free survival rate was 49.3%. The patients in different group of relative high-risk prognostic scoring or low-risk prognostic scoring, with or without poor-risk mutation(s), with mutations number ≥3 or <3 had similar 5-year OS rate (more than 70%). Multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was the independent risk factor affecting OS（ P =0.008）and DFS ( P =0.019)., Conclusion: Allo-HSCT with Dec-conditioning regimen is feasible and effective in the treatment of patients with MDS and MDS-AML, especially those in high prognostic risk and with poor-risk mutations.

Objective: To find and identify HLA-A*0201 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes from epidermal growth factor pathway substrate number 8 (Eps8) for specific immunotherapy based on Eps8-derived epitopes in clinic., Methods: Online biological softwares involved C-proteasomal cleavage, MHC class I binding affinity and TAP transport efficiency were used for prediction of HLA-A*0201 restricted epitopes from Eps8. Then, T2-binding assays and peptide/MHC complex stability tests were used to further verify the predicted epitopes. Specific secretion of IFN-γ from human CTL was assayed using the IFN-γ ELISPOT kit, and cytolytic activity was measured by a 4-h lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Finally, the functional effects in vivo were measured in HLA-A*0201/Kb transgenic (Tg) mice., Results: Four natural epitopes were designed through online biological softwares. Of the four epitopes selected, p360-368 was found to have the high binding affinity to HLA-A*0201, while p101-109 and p276-284 showed moderate affinities. DC50 of peptide/MHC complexes of the natural epitopes mentioned were all longer than 8 h. In functional assays with human PBMNC in vitro and in HLA-A*0201/Kb transgenic mice in vivo, CTLs primed by each epitope (p101-109, p276-284 and p360-368) secreted IFN-γ and were toxic to cancer cells from a variety of tissue types in an HLA-A*0201-restricted and Eps8-specific manner., Conclusion: Natural epitopes (p101-109, p276-284 and p360-368) may be the HLA-A*0201 restricted epitope derived from Eps8.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcomes of composite lateral arm free flap to reconstruct soft tissue defect after oral cancer ablation., Methods: Fifteen cases of soft-tissue defects were reconstructed using composite lateral arm free flap from January 2011 to December 2013. Color Doppler ultrasound blood flow detector was used to avoid variation of posterior radial collateral artery (PRCA). Composite flaps were designed according to the direction of PRCA, shape and area of the soft-tissue defect, which were over condylus lateralis humeri, with areas ranged from 4 cｍ×5 cm-11 cm×5 cm and an average vascular pedicle length of 10cm. Primary closure was achieved on all donor sites., Results: Fourteen flaps survived while vascular crisis was found in one flap 1 day post operation. The flap was replaced after an invalid salvation. All patients were followed up over 12 months, no recurrence was found. All patients achieved good recovery of morphology and functions with only 2 reporting local numbness of donor sites, which were relieved after 6 months., Conclusions: Composite lateral arm free flap, with consistent anatomy, suitable thickness and reliable blood supply, is a proper method to reconstruct postoperative soft tissue defect of patients with oral carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for treating relapsed high-risk leukemia patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)., Methods: The data of 15 leukemia patients who had received DLI and 13 leukemia patients who had not received DLI in Zhujiang Hospital from 2000 to 2014 were studied retrospectively, and their 1 and 3 year overall survival rate (OS) were compared between the two groups., Results: In 15 patients received DLI, the 1 and 3 year OS were 58.3% and 46.7%, the 1 and 3 year disease-free survival (DFS) were 22.0% and 11.0%, respectively. The main death cause in these patients included relapse (n = 5) and acute GVHD (n = 1), whereas in 13 patients who had not received DLI, the 1 and 3 year OS were 29.9% and 15.0% respectively, their 1 year DFS were 11.2%. The main death cause in these patients were relapse (n = 9). The 1 and 3 year OS of patients who had received DLI was higher as compared with the patients who had not received DLI. but this difference was no statistically significant (P = 0.069)., Conclusion: DLI is an effective method for treating patients with relapsed leukemia, and may improve the therapeutic efficacy of DLI by combining other methods or alternating the types of the donor lymphocytes.

Objective: To investigate the effect of chronic endurance exercise on microcirculatory reserve capacity of biceps brachii in Chinese rowers and provide a certain basis for the date standard foundation of monitoring of functional status and the foundation of database of reserve capacity of blood of Chinese rowers., Methods: Empty stomach in the morning, 77 rowers from different groups and 24 common health people were noninvasive tested by using PeriFlux System 5000, the test indexes include the microcirculatory reserve capacity and other related indexes of biceps brachii. The test sites of all athletes were the same space in biceps brachii of the right side of body, there was no space differences of all athletes . All athletes were tested in the relatively stable functional status, common people were healthy. The test value included basic values and heating values, put the before and after heating of microcirculatory blood perfusion (MBP) as the microcirculatory reserve capacity., Results: Heavyweight female (198. 97 ± 98. 81) > heavyweight male (183. 45 ± 64. 31) > lightweight male (151. 01 ± 65. 96) > lightweight female(140.53 ± 43.22) > common male people(127.21 ± 56.38) > common female people(103.54 ± 33.41), the microcirculatory reserve capacity of each group athletes were higher than common people, except the comparison between lightweight female and common male people, and there was no significant difference among the different group athletes., Conclusion: Chronic endurance exercise can improve the microcirculatory reserve capacity of rowers, especially the heavyweight rowers; the normal value of microcirculatory reserve capacity of heavy weight rowers should be more than 160, and lightweight rowers should be more than 120. There was no significant difference among different sex athletes, if the value of microcirculatory reserve capacity is significant lower than normal, it shows that athletes are in the state of fatigue.

ZnMgO films were deposited on quartz glass substrates by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at different substrate temperatures (450-550 degrees C). The structural, surface morphological and optical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the substrate temperature has important effect on structural and optical characteristics. All the films have hexagonal wurtzite polycrystalline structures and the c-axis preferential orientation has an optimum temperature of 530 degrees C. The sample prepared at this temperature owns uniform grain size, smooth surface morphology and better crystalline quality. The width of deep-level emission decreases and the near band edge (NBE) ultraviolet emission peak appears with the increase in temperature by the PL spectrum. When the temperature arrives to 530 degrees C, a distinct NBE emission peak can be observed at 374. 5 nm, while the deep level emission is almost undetectable.

Objective: To investigate the influence of timing, operative method and perioperative sequence treatment on the therapeutic effect of one-staged correction of lip and nose deformities in complete unilateral cleft lip., Methods: Seventy-six patients with unilateral complete cleft lip, aged from 3 to 12 months, underwent one-staged correction of lip and nose deformities, based on the Salyer, Noordhoff method. Sequence treatment was performed before and after operation., Results: The patients were followed up for 3 months to 20 years with excellent results in 39 cases (51.3%), good in 33 patients (43.4%), unsatisfied in 4 patients (5.3%)., Conclusions: Good results can be achieved when the one-staged correction of lip and nose deformities, combined with perioperative sequence treatment, is performed. The operative technique of plastic surgeon or maxillofacial surgeon is also important for less morbidity and scar.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of one-staged repair of unilateral cleft lip an nasal deformity with modified Mohler., Methods: The unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity were repaired in one stage with modified Mohler. The nasal retainers were kept for at least 6 months. The patients were followed up at 3 months and 12 months after operation., Results: From Sept. 1998 to Aug. 2008, 103 cases, aged from 2.5 m to 12 m, were treated. 3 months after operation, 97 of 103 patients had good appearance of both lips and noses, which included unobvious scars, symmetric Cupid's bows and nostrils, intermedial nasal columellae and eminentia nasal tips. 6 of them had good appearance of noses only with a little malposition of Cupid' s bows. 89 patients were followed up for 12 months with no deterioration of nasal deformity and delayed growth of greater alar cartilages. 3 patients who had malposition of Cupid's bows also got better., Conclusions: The one-staged repair of unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity with modified Mohler is very practical.

Boron carbon nitride thin films were deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique using a 50 mm-diameter composite target consisting of h-BN and graphite in an Ar-N2 gas mixture. The composite target was composed of two semi disks: one of h-BN and the other one of graphite. The distance between the target and the substrate was kept at 50 mm. The chamber base pressure was below 5 x 10(-4) Pa. During the deposition, the mixture of Ar (80%) and N2 (20%) was injected into the vacuum chamber and the total pressure was 1.3 Pa. The films were grown on silicon substrates at different deposition parameters, including sputtering power of 80-130 W, deposition temperature of 300-500 degrees C and deposition time of 1-4 h. The chemical bonding state of the samples was characterized by Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). The results suggested that all of the films deposited at these deposition parameters are atomic-level hybrids composed of B, C and N atoms. Besides BN and carbons bonds, the boron carbide and carbon nitride bonds were formed in the BCN thin films. And the deposition parameters have important influences on the growth and inner stress of BCN thin films. That is the higher the sputtering power, the larger the inner stress; the higher or lower the deposition temperature, the larger the inner stress; the longer the deposition time, the larger the inner stress. So changing deposition parameters properly is a feasible method to relax the inner stress between the films and substrate. In the conditions of changing one parameter each time, the optimum deposition parameters to prepare BCN thin films with lower inner stress were obtained: sputtering power of 80 W, deposition temperature of 400 degrees C and deposition time of 2 h.

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features of microscopic polyangitis (MPA), and to compare the differences in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-positive and ANCA-negative patients, as well as in ANCA-positive cases with or without glomerular immunoglobulin deposition., Methods: Thirty-four biopsy-proven cases of MPA were retrieved from the archival files of the Department during the past 7 years. The clinicopathologic characteristics between ANCA-positive and negative patients, as well as between ANCA-positive cases with and without glomerular immunoglobulin deposition, were compared., Results: Amongst the 34 MPA patients studied, about one-fifth to one-half were accompanied by various extrarenal symptoms. Serum ANCA was positive in 26 patients (76.5%). A slight to moderate increase in urinary protein was demonstrated in 31 patients, while 3 patients had nephrotic syndrome. Elevated serum creatinine was detected in 32 cases. Renal biopsy revealed crescentic glomerulonephritis in 24 cases, focal segmental glomerulonephritis in 8 cases, vascular fibrinoid necrosis with inflammation in 7 cases, intimal thickening of arterioles in 24 cases, interstitial inflammatory cells, including neutrophil infiltration (21 cases), in 29 cases. Crescentic formation was more common in the ANCA-positive group than in the ANCA-negative group (P < 0.05). Amongst the 26 ANCA-positive cases, 10 had glomerular immunoglobulin deposits (including 1 case with IgA nephropathy). In general, these cases had a greater degree of proteinuria than those without glomerular immunoglobulin deposits (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The diagnosis of MPA relies on histologic examination of renal biopsy and clinicopathologic correlation. Serum ANCA seems important for glomerular crescent formation. Glomerular immunoglobulin deposition may also play a significant role in the exacerbation of proteinuria.

Objective: To introduce the therapy of malformation caused by naso-orbito-ethmoidal (NOE) complex and adjacent craniomaxillofacial fracture., Methods: Seventy-six cases with NOE complex and adjacent craniomaxillofacial fracture underwent surgical replacement and internal fixation, using several cosmetically favorable incisions. At the same time, nasal reconstruction was performed to correct nasal deformities and defect through the coronal access during the exposure for the treatment of the NOE fracture. If larger nasal fragments were present, they were reduced and fixed by microplates or wires. If there was lack of septal support, dorsal nasal bone grafting was used to reestablish the height and anterior projection of the nose. Synthetic material (Medpor) was chosen for restoration of the orbital defects. Transnasal reduction was used for canthopexy., Results: After 3 - 6 months follow-up, the outcomes of these patients were satisfactory functionally and esthetically. Posttraumatic nasal malformation and enophthalmos were corrected in most cases, and residual enophthalmos occurred in 3 cases, diplopia in 2 cases, insufficient prominence in 5 cases which underwent secondary correction with good results. Transnasal reduction of canthal realignment in the type III fracture was also satisfactory. There was no complication in this group., Conclusions: Comprehensive pre-operative evaluation of the patient and careful examinations should be taken to workout an appropriate operation plan. Simultaneous restoration for this type of complicated fracture is critical to obtain good results.

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), a member of IL-1 family, is a naturally occurring IL-1 inhibitor as "receptor antagonist", which blocks biological responses mediated by IL-1. Recombinant human IL-1ra (rhIL-1ra, Kineret) was introduced in clinical trials involving patients with RA. Between 2001 to approximately 2002, rhIL-1 ra was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicine Procedure. Unfortunately, 10,000 to 100,000-fold excess amounts of IL-1ra are needed to relieve disease because minimal IL-1 can induce complete biological responses, and the dosage of 100 to approximately 150mg/day in a RA patient is so big that it greatly influence patients' physical, psychological and economical situation. In this study, IL-1ra mutants were established by site-specific mutagenesis to improve its stability. The sites of mutagenesis included R6 K7-AA,R93 K94-AA and K97 R98-AA. IL-1ra and its mutants were expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using pTIG-Trx expressing system with the induction of IPTG. The recombinant proteins were purified by Ni2+ chelate chromatography and Sephadex G75 gel filtration chromatography. The activity of mutants is as high as IL-1ra. We characterized the pharmacokinetic profile of IL-1ra and its mutants. The third mutant's half life is 2.26 times than wt IL-1ra. The study has provided some approaches and experience for further research to improve the metabolism stability of IL-1ra.

BCN, BC2N and BC3N thin films with transmission increasing properties in the ultraviolet region were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering with different sputtering power (80-130 W). Fourier transform infrared absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggested that the films were atomnic-level hybrids composed of B, 'C and N atoms. The compositions and transmission increasing properties of samples in the ultraviolet region were strongly influenced by sputtering power, which determined the transmission increasing properties in the ultraviolet region by changing compositions. And the lower the atomic number of C in the thin films, the better the transmission increasing properties in the ultraviolet region. The BCN thin films deposited at the sputtering power of 110 W possessed the lowest atonic number of C and the best transmission increasing properties in the ultraviolet region. And the increase in average transmissivity from 200 to 350 nm was about 40% compared with glass.

Objective: To investigate osteogenesis and integration of osteointergrated dental implants with marrow stromal osteoblast and cancellous bone matrix compound artificial bone (MCCAB) when embedded subcutaneously., Methods: Osteointergrated dental implants (3 mm in diameter) were inserted into cancellous bone matrix (CBM) columns (5 mm in diameter). Marrow stromal osteoblast (MSO) were cultured and expanded in the column and on the surface. The osteointergrated dental implants loaded MSO-Alginate-CBM compound was formatted. This compound was then implanted subcutaneously in nude mice, and the osteointergrated dental implants loaded Alginate-CBM compounds were implanted as control. The compound was in the mice for 4 to 8 weeks and then harvested and assessed by means of gross observation, X-ray examination, histologic observation and computerized histomorphometry for evaluation of bone formation., Results: The osteogenesis of the osteointergrated dental implants loaded MSO-Alginate-CBM compound was better than that of the the osteointergrated dental implants loaded Alginate-CBM compound. Both intramembranous and cartilaginous osteogenesis was seen but the former was predominant. A large amount of new bone formed around the implant and integrated well with the implant. In the control, only slight cartilage osteogenesis was seen and no integration was found., Conclusions: The results suggest that the new bone forms in the scaffolds and on the surface of the implant, and integration between the implant and artificial bone also occurs when they are implanted in the nude mice.

Objective: To investigate the influence of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of cultured dendritic cell progenitors (DCPs) and to evaluate the efficacy of pretreatment of donor dendritic cells (DCs) with MMF in tolerance induction in allograft recipients and its possible mechanism., Methods: DCPs of Balb/c mice were cultured in culture fluid containing recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and then divided into 4 groups: control group, MMF group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and MMF + LPS group. Seven days later, flow cytometry was used to analyze the phenotypes of the DCs. ELISA was used to examine the level of IL-12 in the supernatant. T cells from the spleens of C57/BL6 mice were cultured together with inactivated DCs from Balb/c mice, and added with [(3)H]-TdR. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was analyzed. The DCs and MMF-DCs cultured for 5 days were co-cultured with T hybridoma cells of the line MF2.2D9 in culture fluid containing ovalbumin (OVA). Twenty-four hours later, the supernatant was collected and ELISA was used to measure the level of interleukin (IL)-12 so as to reflect the antigen-presenting ability of the DCs. OVA immunized C57/BL6 mice for 4 times. 21 days after T cells were collected from the spleens and co-incubated with DCs and MMF-DCs, [(3)H]-TdR was added and the values of counts per minute (cpm) were calculated so as to analyze the antigen-specific proliferation. Twenty-four Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A (without treatment), group B (treatment with intravenous injection of untreated DCs of Balb/c mice), and group C (treatment with intravenous injection of DCs of Balb/c mice treated with MMF), and then transplanted with the hearts of C57/BL6 mice. The functions of the transplanted hearts were evaluated by touching the arterial pulse and histological examination. ELISA was used to detect the levels of Th1 cytokines, such as IL-12, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2, and IFN-gamma, in the cultured DCs and in the sera of the recipients 7 and 14 days after culture or transplantation., Results: The immunophenotypic analysis showed that in comparison with those in the control group and the LPS group the expressions of the costimulatory molecules, Ia(d), CD80, and CD86, of the DCPs were significantly weaker in the MMF-group and MMP + LPS group. The IL-12 levels in the supernatant of the MMF and MMF + LPS groups of DCPs were significantly lower than those in the other groups (P < 0.01). The IL-12 level of the MF2.2D9 cells treated with MMF-treated DCs was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.01). The ability to stimulate proliferation of T cells of the same genotype in the MMF-DC group was significantly inhibited (P < 0.01). The survival time of the transplanted heart was 30.50 +/- 3.25 days in the C57/BL6 mice injected with untreated DCPs of Balb/c mice (21.25 +/- 2.12, P < 0.01) and that in the control C57/BL6 mice (8.63 +/- 1.06 days, P < 0.01) and with a significant difference between the latter 2 groups too (P < 0.01). The levels of, such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma, 7 and 14 days after heart transplantation of the group B were all significantly lower than those of the group A (both P < 0.05). The IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels 7 days after the heart transplantation were similar to those in the group B (both P > 0.05) and even lower than those of the group C (both P < 0.05). The IL-10 level in the groups B and C were all higher than those in the group A (all P < 0.05) with a significant difference between the group B and group C. The level of IL-4 was not significantly different among the 3 groups., Conclusion: MMF has a significant suppressive effect on the maturation and function of DCs, which leads to a donor-specific tolerance in transplant recipients.

Objective: To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the renal tissues of rats with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) at early stage and its role in CAN., Methods: Orthotopic transplantation of left kidney was performed between 10 male LEW rats and 10 male F344 rats with the formers as recipients. Small dose cyclosporin A was used to suppress acute rejection. Ten days after the operation the right kidneys of the recipients were resected. Ten LEW rats and 10 F344 rats with their single kidneys resected were used as controls. Twelve weeks after the operation the rats were harvested to take out the transplanted kidneys to undergo histologic examination. Immunochemistry was used to examine the expression of MMP-9 protein and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 . RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of MMP-mRNA in the kidney tissues. At the same time 24 h urine samples were collected to examine the urinary protein. The relationship between the expression of MMP-9 and TGF-beta1 and the quantity of SMCs and mononuclear cells., Results: The 24 h urinary protein level of the experimental group was not significantly different from those of the F3244 control group and LEW control group. The serum inosine level of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the F334 control group and was not significantly different from that of the LEW control group. The degrees of pathologic change degree (Banff score) and fibrosis of kidney interstitium, and the number of inflammatory cells infiltrating into tubulointerstitium, arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in renal cortex, and SMCs in vascular wall of the experimental group were all significantly higher than those of the 2 control groups. The expressions of MMP-9 protein and TGF-beta1 in the kidney interstitium and vascular wall and the expression of MMP-9 mRNA were all significantly higher than those of the 2 control groups. The expression of MMP-9 mRNA in kidney tissues was positively correlated with the degree of infiltration of interstitial mononuclear cells. The MMP-9 mRNA expression level was positively correlated with the number of interstitial mononuclear cells. The MMP-9 protein expression level was positively correlated with the TGF-beta1 expression level in the tubulointerstitium and in the renal arterial wall., Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a key role in CAN at early stage. Its expression may be induced by TGF-beta1.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of fungi invasion into the mucosal tissue, and to analyse the clinical-pathological relationship., Methods: The clinical data of 16 patients with invasive mycosis in the nose and paranasal sinus proved by pathologic examination between Apr, 1984 and Aug, 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 7 males and 9 females with an average age of 48.6 years. The pathologic morphology of fungi found in these patients was investigated. Fourteen of 16 tissue samples from the paranasal sinuses obtained by endoscopic operation were cultivated for the fungi. One sample of invasive mycosis was observed under electron-microscope., Results: Fourteen cases were found to have following underlying conditions, including diabetes (n = 4), malignant tumor (n = 5). The infected sites were as follows: 7 cases presenting in unilateral maxillary sinus, 6 cases involving over two nasal sinuses, 8 cases invading the orbit. Of all 16 patients, 15 were positive (93.7%) for the culture. The positive rate of aspergillus was 62.5% and mucoraceae was 25.0%. The overall mortality rate was 50.0% after investigation from 6 months to 5 years. From 16 surgical specimens, hypha were proved in all cases for histopathologic methods. All of the 16 granulomatous and crumbley materials from the paranasal sinuses were found that inflammatory responses were predominantly neutrophilic leucocytes invasion (100%), suppurative granuloma formed in 15 cases (93.7%). Invasive diseases were characterized by prominent infarcts (27.8%), angio-invasion (100%), and surprisingly, prominent optic nervous invasion (16.7%) in biopsies., Conclusions: The incidence of invasive mycosis is correlated with patients who suffered from diabetes, malignant tumor and other basic diseases causing depression of immunological function. The pathologic study shows that the fungi which invade the tissue are mostly aspergillus or mucoraceae, and the fungal vasculitis is the direct reason for tissue damage.

Purpose: To develop submandibular gland acellular matrix and observe its structure and analyze its histological ingredients., Methods: The fresh submandibular glands of SD mice were cell-extracted by chemical detergent and histological ingredients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry., Results: Submandibular gland cells disappeared, matrix ingredients appeared network structure under microscopy. I, II and III type collagen proteins of submandibular gland before and after cell-extracted were positive under immunohistochemistry., Conclusions: The main ingredients of submandibular gland acellular matrix were I, II and III type collagen proteins.

Objective: To study a new method for repair of facial depression and facial nerve defect after parotid carcinoma resection., Methods: 12 patients with parotid carcinoma and peripheral bone invasion were treated using facial nerve canal dissection and radical resection of the tumor, the parotid gland and the involved facial nerve and bone, including the mastoid, stylomastoid foramen, styloid process and the rear part of the mandible. A sternocleidomastoid muscle flap was elevated and transferred to repair the facial depression. The great annular nerve in the flap was anastomosed with the severed end of the facial nerve in the canal., Results: The depressed deformity of the parotid area was well corrected in 9 patients. The aesthetic results were compromised in 2 patients because of tumor recurrence and reoperation. The depressed deformity was not corrected in 1 patient because of infection. Postoperatively, the function of the facial nerve recovered to a normal level. The recovery time ranged from 12 to 20 weeks ,with an average of 16.3 weeks. The local control rate of tumor was improved., Conclusions: Immediate transplantation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle-great auricular nerve flap and facial nerve canal dissection in radical parotidectomy can repair the depressed deformity of the parotid area, restore facial nerve function,and decrease tumor recurrence. The method is an ideal operation with functional recovery.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into skin appandence., Methods: Porcine MSCs were isolated from porcine marrow and grown in vitro. After labeling with BrdU, MSCs were engrafted to porcine skin. At 1, 2, 4 weeks after the transplantation, immunohistochemical examinations were carried out to detect the positive staining of BrdU and cytokeratin., Results: A few sebaceous duct cells, which expressed cytokeratin, were also BrdU positive, and these cells were considered may to be transplanted MSCs-derived cells., Conclusion: Porcine MSCs might have the potential to differentiated into sebaceous duct cells in skin.

Objective: To study a new method of simultaneous repair of alveolar cleft and the deformity of the nose and lip., Methods: 42 patients with cleft of alveolar process were included in this study. We filled the cleft of alveolar process with iliac cancellous bone and covered the depression of piriform aperture and the nasal side with iliac cartilage. Simultaneously, we corrected the nasal deformity using V-Y plasty of a mucosa-cartilage compound flap at the nasal vestibule., Results: In the patients aged 9 approximately 11 years, the mean height of the repaired alveolar process was 86.7%; the mean thickness was 89.6%; the contour and function of the alveolar process was grade I or II. The canine erupted at the place of bone grafting. The depression of the piriform aperture and alae nasi was repaired. The contour of the nares was symmetrical. In the patients over 12 years, the mean height of the alveolar process was 70.1%; the mean thickness was 71.7%; the contour and function of the alveolar process was grade II or III. The deflexion of nasal dorsum and nasal dome was not ameliorated in 2 patients of 18 years old., Conclusions: The application of iliac cancellous and chondral bone to simultaneously repair cleft of alveolar process and the nasal deformity is an ideal plastic method. It can recover the height of alveolar process and the continuity of dental arch, ameliorate the nasal deformity, and redress the deflexion of nasal dorsum and nasal end. It can also eliminate the psychological obstacle of the patients at an early stage.

Objective: To explore the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the quality of healing of porcine skin wounds after burn injury so as to provide a new method for clinical skin repair in the future., Methods: Seventy-two deep-partial thickness burn wounds were produced on the back of 6 minipigs and then the pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups: saline control, MSCs treatment, MSCs plus basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment, MSCs plus epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment, bFGF treatment or EGF treatment only. MSCs were isolated from porcine marrow and cultured in vitro. After labeling with BrdU, MSCs were autografted onto the skin wounds. 7, 14, 21 and 42 days after the injury, the area of the wounds were measured and the histological examination was performed to evaluate the velocity and quality of wound healing.1, 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation, immunohistochemical examinations were carried out to detect the positive staining of BrdU, cytokeratin and S-100 to evaluate the wound healing quality., Results: The area of wounds was decreased at day 7 and most of these wounds were healed on day 21 after injury. Although there was no significant statistical difference in the contraction rate among these six groups, however, the reduced wound areas in the MSCs plus bFGF treatment group was 15% to 20% more than that in the other 5 groups. Histological examination and semi-quantitative analysis demonstrated that the number of vessels and the expression density of S-100 in the MSCs plus bFGF treatment wounds were significantly enhanced than that in the other groups., Conclusion: MSCs autografting may benefit to enhance the wound healing quality in porcine skin, which may open a new way to reach a "perfect repair" after skin injury.

Objective: To study the recovery method of facial nerve function and to compare the clinical effect after operation of parotid carcinoma, which invades stylomastoid foramen and peripheral bone in deep lobe., Methods: Three operation methods were taken: (1) The tumor, parotid, invasive facial nerve and bone around the tumor were resected with transplantation of facial nerve. (2) Tumor parotid and facial nerve were resected without transplantation of facial nerve. (3) Tumor and parotid were dislocated from facial nerve, keeping the continuity of facial nerve., Results: For the first method, facial nerve function of 68.2% patients came back to the patients without facial paralysis before operation, while facial nerve function of 16.7% patients came back to the patients with facial paralysis before operation. There was obvious difference between them (P < 0.05). To the patients with facial paralysis before operation, the first and the second method were taken. The ratio of local control was 33.3% and 10.0% respectively. And survival for 5 years were 25.0% and 10.0% respectively. There was no obvious difference between the two methods (P > 0.05). To the patients without facial paralysis before operation, three methods of operation were taken. The ratio of local control was 77.3%, 48.0% and 33.3% respectively. And survival for 5 years were 86.4%, 52.0% and 41.7% respectively. There was obvious difference between the first method and the other two (P < 0.05). There was no obvious difference between the second and the third methods (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Facial canal dissection in operation of parotid carcinoma with recovery of facial nerve can not only resect tumor completely, but also fit for development of functional surgery. It is an ideal method for surgery operation.

Purpose: To explore the mechanism of facial nerve recovery after radiotherapy by simulating surgical treatment of parotid gland carcinoma with reserving facial nerve and studying the ability of aerobic metabolism, transmission of neurotransmitter, variation of ultrastructure of motor end and mitochondrion after radiotherapy during operation., Methods: Animal models of treatment group(15Gy) and lethal dose group(17Gy) were established. Succinic dehydrogenase(SDH) and acetylcholine lipase(AchE) of orbicularis oris were measured after radiotherapy. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis., Results: The activity of SDH and AchE declined after radiotherapy. There was significant difference between treatment group and lethal dose group. One month later, there was a significant improvement in the activity of SDH and AchE in treatment group, while that of lethal dose group continued to decline., Conclusion: After radiotherapy during parotid gland surgery, the activity of SDH and AchE, transmission of neurotransmitter, and the ability of aerobic metabolism decreased. The ultrastructure of motor end and mitochondrion was destroyed. The variation returned to preoperative levels in treatment group, while did not in lethal dose group.

Purpose: To develop nature acellular submandibular gland scaffold materials and observe its ultrastructures., Methods: The fresh submandibular glands of SD rats were cell-extracted by chemical detergent and observed with transmission and scanning electron microscope., Results: Submandibular gland cells were dissolved and destroyed under transmission electron microscope. Normal submandibular gland cells were ball, but the shape of cells disappeared after cell-extraction under scanning electron microscope. Collagen fibers were arranged as net structure., Conclusions: Submandibular gland cells disappeared and the arrangement of collagen fibres were normal by Triton X-100 cell-extraction.

Purpose: To study the effects of EGF on Ca(2+) and cAMP in the ductal cells of rat SMG., Methods: Fluorometric technique and radioimmunological technique were used to investigate the dynamic changes of Ca(2+) and cAMP in the ductal cells. The data were analysed statistically by t test., Results: After an momently latent period, intercellular calcium increased rapidly, then began to decline. This period could last 5 minutes. After 3 minutes, cAMP showed a rapid decrease, and then increased slowly. Its concentration could restore 90 minutes later., Conclusion: EGF may regulate intercellular calcium and cAMP, which results in the proliferation of the ductal cells.

Objective: To study the effect of autogenous vein cuff and injection of cerebral cell growth peptide on the recovery of the injured facial nerve., Methods: The injured facial nerve was anastomosed and covered with an autogenous vein cuff. Cerebral cell growth peptide was then injected to it. The different repairing methods were evaluated and compared with electromyography and observing functional recovery of the mimetic muscles., Results: The new repairing method accelerated the recovery of the injured facial nerve. The recovery period of mimetic muscle function was significant shorter than the traditional method (P < 0.01). The recovery period of I-stage repairing was significant shorter than that of II--stage repairing (P < 0.01). The conduction velocity of the repaired facial nerves had no obvious differences between the new repairing method and the traditional method (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Application of the autogenous vein cuff to cover the nerve anastomosis and injection of cerebral cell growth peptide is a promising method for facial nerve repairing.

Objective: In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the complex fracture of the orbit region and adjacent cranio-maxillofacial fracture., Methods: 73 cases with blowout fracture of the orbit and adjacent cranio-maxillofacial fracture in recent years were retrospectively analyzed and comparied with different methods of treatment. All cases had undertaken CT examinations., Results: The positive rate of the CT examinations with blowout fracture of the orbit and adjacent cranio-maxillofacial region were 100%. Operating repositioning, rigid fixation and artificial material placement were used to treat this kind of deformities., Conclusions: With the progress of modern photographic methods, blowout fracture of the orbit and adjacent cranio-maxillofacial fracture can be diagnosed clearly and help the operation procedure. Operations with reduction, rigid fixation and filling materials can be used to restore this kind of fracture and appearance.

Objective: To establish a method for the isolation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow and to demonstrate their differentiation ex vivo into various mesenchymal tissue cells., Methods: MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and purified by centrifuge and in vitro. The proliferation and growth characteristics were observed in primary and passage culture. Cell cycle was analyzed by measuring DNA content with FAC-Scan flow cytometer and cell multipotent was identified with specific staining., Results: The adherent, fibroblast-like cells were confluent in single layer after plating for 12-14 days. The cultured MSCs in vitro differentiated into osteoblasts. The cell cycle analysis showed that 80% of MSCs were in G0/G1 phase., Conclusion: Porcine MSCs can be isolated from postnatal bone marrow through their adherent ability. Porcine MSCs may be introduced as a valuable model system to study the mesenchymal lineages for basic research and tissue engineering.

Objective: To discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic criterion and treatment principle of acute fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AFFS)., Methods: Six patients were diagnosed as AFFS based on history, nose, especially eye symptoms with or without fever, sinus CT and MRI, endoscopic and cytological findings in the nasal cavity. Surgical debridement was performed on 5 of 6 biopsy proven AFFS patients, one of them being amputated of the orbital content. With the original disease controlled simultaneously, 4 of 5 patients were prescribed with systemic amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B (1 case) and one with Itraconazole orally. One patient had not been involved with any of the anti-fungi measures., Result: Mucor (Zygomycetes) was identified on culture in 1 patient, Rhizopus species in 2, Aspergillus in 1, Alternaria in 1 and mixed Mucor and Rhizopus in 1. All patients were proved of tissue invasion histopathologically through biopsy. One patient died without any anti-fungi therapy on the 7th admission day, 3 patients survived for 88 days, 32 and 6 months respectively and died of original diseases (diabetes 1, leukaemia 2). One patient survived 9 months and lost for follow-up, 1 patient survived 11 months after treatment., Conclusion: A high index of suspicion and early endoscopic investigation through nasal cavity with fungal investigation should highly be strengthened for recognition of this disease. MRI findings should be considered as, or even more, important as that of CT scan on the early diagnoses. Extensive and aggressive surgical debridement, prompt and enough dosage of antifungal therapy intravenously, together with serious controlling of the underlying disease, all take important roles in the complete control of the disease.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into vascular endothelial cells and the mechanism of its involvement in wound healing., Methods: Porcine MSCs were harvested from porcine marrow, and they were isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation. After being cultured and amplified in vitro, the MSCs were labelled with BrdU (5-bromodeoxy-uridine). Full skin loss wound was created on the back of the mini-swine whose bone marrow was obtained. The labelled MSCs with fibrin glue as the vector were regrafted back to the donor animal wound. The wound tissue specimens were harvested at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 post-operation weeks and were immunohistochemically stained by BrdU and factor VIII (FVIII) for comparative study., Results: Most BrdU positive cells aggregated around small blood vessels in the granulation tissue of the wounds. Only individual vascular endothelial cells were BrdU positive. There was FVIII expression in the cytoplasm of BrdU positive cells., Conclusion: MSCs were closely correlated with the formation of small blood vessels in granulation tissue during wound healing process. The porcine MSCs possessed the potential to differentiate into vascular entoehelial cells and to participate in wound healing under the micro-enviroment of the wound.