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Beef is rich in nutrients and is one of the favored meats among consumers. Market price, consumer willingness to buy and satisfaction are affected by the quality of beef, so it is important to test the quality of beef. At present, traditional beef quality testing methods have the problems of time-consuming, sample damage and complex operation. Recently, non-destructive testing technology has been widely used in beef quality testing because of its advantages of rapidity, high efficiency, non-destructive and environment-friendly. This paper summarises the progress of non-destructive testing technology in beef quality analysis (sensory quality, nutritional quality and other quality), and systematically describes the principles of non-destructive testing techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, E-tongue and E-nose. The progress of non-destructive testing techniques in beef quality analysis within the last five years is discussed in detail. The existing problems of non-destructive testing technology in beef quality analysis are put forward, and the future application prospect is prospected. It hopes to provide a reference for the research and application of non-destructive testing technology for beef quality.

Bee products are gaining increasing popularity among consumers for their high nutritional value and various biological activities. However, adulteration is becoming a prominent problem in the production and sale of bee products, and the mechanisms underlying their biological activities have not been fully elucidated. Proteomics and metabolomics can provide complete and comprehensive descriptions on the overall characteristics of proteins and small-molecular metabolites. In recent years, these two omics approaches have been widely used in the field of bee products, and become a powerful means to solve the problem of adulteration in bee products and elucidate the mechanisms underlying their biological activities. This paper reviews the research progress in the application of proteomics and metabolomics in bee products. Based on an overview of the advantages of proteomics and metabolomics in simultaneous identification of whole components and screening of characteristic markers, the paper also summarizes their applications in the identification of components, discrimination and authentication, and elucidation of mechanisms for biological activities of bee products in detail. In addition, the existing problems are analyzed and the future research directions are proposed. The paper is expected to provide a reference for extensive and in-depth application of omics technologies in the research of bee products.

Phylogenetic relationships of Scrophulariaceae s. l.（sensu lato）and the closely related groups were explored with 129 plastid genomes representing 107 genera. Plastome sequences were downloaded from the GenBank. Based on coding sequences (CDS), phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum likelihood（ML）and Bayesian inference（BI）approaches. The ML and BI analyses shared the same topology and the main clades were consistently recovered with high support. Of the 129 total nodes, 123 were supported by ML bootstrap value ≥70%. The result were as follows：（1）Scrophulariaceae s. l. was confirmed as polyphyletic. Fifty-one species with representatives of 37 genera from the Scrophulariaceae s.l. were assigned to seven families. These were Orobanchaceae, Paulowniaceae, Wightiaceae, Mazaceae, Linderniaceae, Scrophulariaceae s. s.（sensu stricto）, and Plantaginaceae.（2）Scrophulariaceae s.s. was a monophyletic group. In addition to the recognition of eight genera（including Bontia, Calamphoreus, Diocirea, Eremophila, Glycocystis, Leucophyllum, Scrophularia and Verbascum）comprised primarily of former members of Scrophulariaceae s.l., Buddleja which was originally placed in Loganiaceae, and Myoporum, traditionally placed in the Myoporaceae had been demonstrated to belong to this clade.（3）The Lamiales was monophyletic. Fourteen well-supported monophyletic clades were obtained corresponding to each family (Wightiaceae and Pedaliaceae for which only one species had been contained were not included). The relationships among the families were well resolved. Oleaceae formed a well-supported clade that was distinct from core Lamiales. Within the core Lamiales, four clades (Gesneriaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Linderniaceae) diverged before the remaining families grouping in two sister clades. Within one clade, two moderately to highly supported subclades were recovered. Lentibulariaceae was resolved as sister group to Acanthaceae, and Pedaliaceae was sister to Verbenaceae + Bignoniaceae. The other clade contained six families, with Lamiaceae, Mazaceae, Wightiaceae + Phrymaceae, and Paulowniaceae successively sister to Orobanchaceae. The results of our analyses indicate that the traditional Scrophulariaceae are an unnatural assemblage of plants distributed throughout the phylogenentic tree of Lamiales. Phylogenomics analyses based on plastid organelle have shown good potential for phylogenetic inference in Scrophulariaceae, more taxonomic sampling are needed to enhance our understanding of phylogenetic relationships of Scrophulariaceae in future studies.

In order to study the optimal conditions for ultrasonic assisted extraction of polyphenols from Cistanche tubulosa by deep eutectic solvents (DES), the optimal DES (proline:glycerol=2:5) was first selected. Further, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction processes based on the single factor experiments. The extraction kinetics and antioxidant activity were further studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: Ultrasonic temperature of 40 ℃, liquid to solid ratio of 45 mL/g, water content of 40%, extraction time of 28 min. The extraction rate at this condition was 37.76 mg/g DW. Ultrasonic assisted extraction of polyphenols from Cistanche tubulosa conformed to the second-order reaction kinetics. The IC50 values of polyphenol extracts on DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates were 0.875 and 0.501 mg/mL, respectively. The results would provide a theoretical basis for green extraction and application of polyphenols from Cistanche tubulosa in Xinjiang.

The present study aims at clarifying the quality differences of Cistanche deserticola (CD) from different areas. The contents of bioactive compounds extracted from different parts (root, middle and top stems) and their antioxidant activities were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the contents and antioxidant activities of bioactive components were significantly affected by origins and parts. The samples from the southern Tengger desert (D) showed high concentrations of total polyphenols (17.66 mg GAE/g DW) and verbascoside (6.98 mg/g DW). These compounds showed high scavenging abilities against ABTS+ (IC50=1.48 mg/mL) and DPPH (IC50=0.38 mg/mL) free radical. Samples from the southern Gurbantunggut desert (E) showed the highest content of total flavonoids (16.58 mg RE/g DW). The highest content of total triterpenoid appeared in the sample from Badangirin desert (A) (18.63 mg OAE/g DW). Samples from the Gurbantunggut desert (F) had polysaccharides and procyanidins at levels of 31.18 and 4.71 mg PCE/g DW, respectively. The samples from the northern Tengger desert (C) had the highest echinoside content (17.75 mg/g DW) and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (IC50=3.05 mg/mL). Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA) with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 85.43%. Through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the samples were divided into three groups. The four producing areas (A, B, C and D) of the first and second groups were distributed in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, and the comprehensive score was the top four. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for quality evaluation, product development and standardization of Cistanche deserticola in China.

Objective: To investigate the application value of normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) in category 3 Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2.1 lesions when the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is in the grey zone of 4～10 ng/mL. Methods: From January 2018 to June 2022, 58 patients with PI-RADS v2.1 scores of 3 and PSA values of 4~10 ng/mL were selected. According to the pathological results, the patients were divided into the PCa (20 cases) and non-PCa (38 cases) groups. The clinical data of the patients were collected, including age, PSA, prostate volume (PV), and PSAD (PSA/V) calculated by formula. Meanwhile, the ADC values of the lesion area and the normal tissue in the peripheral zone were measured on the ADC image, and the standardized apparent diffusion coefficient value was calculated, namely ADCn (ADC lesion/ADC peripheral zone). Statistical software was used to determine the statistical significance of the differences of ADCn and PSAD between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of the two for PCa in lesions with PI-RADS v2.1 score of 3. Results: Age and PSA did not differ significantly between the two groups. Compared to the non-PCa group, the PCa group showed lower ADCn (0.52 vs. 0.69) and higher PSAD (0.28 vs. 0.18). The area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of ADCn and PSAD in the diagnosis of PCa were 0.849, 85.2%, and 81.6 % and 0.813, 85.0%, and 78.4%, respectively. For an optimal diagnostic threshold of 0.373, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of PCa were 0.962, 90.0%, and 89.5%, respectively. Conclusions: ADCn and PSAD can assist in PCa detection in lesions category 3 PI-RADS v2.1 lesions in the PSA gray area. The combination of ADCn and PSAD can significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

The antioxidant peptides were prepared from Volvariella volvacea protein by protease hydrolysis. Based on the single-factor test, the extraction conditions of antioxidant peptides from V. volvacea protein were optimized using response surface methodology. At the same time, peptides with different retention molecular weights were isolated by ultrafitration, and their antioxidant activity were detected through 2,2-dipheny1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelating ability and reducing power. The results showed that the optimum enzyme for enzymatic hydrolysis was neutral protease, and the optimum process for antioxidant peptide was as follows: The enzymatic hydrolysis time was 3.70 h, the enzyme dosage was 3.81%, and the substrate mass concentration was 3.11 g/100 mL. Under the optimal enzymalysis conditions, DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the optimal hydrolysis products was 69.85%±2.52%. The F1 fraction with the lowest molecular weight (

In order to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of phenylethanol glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa (Ct) in Xinjiang, box-behnken design was used to optimize the extraction conditions based on single factor experiments. Optimal conditions were the temperature of 40 ℃, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:41.7 g/mL and the ethanol concentration of 51%. The extraction yield under the optimal conditions was (14.36±0.12) mg/g. The extracts were mainly composed of echinacoside and verbascoside, the contents of which were (12.96±0.33) mg/g and (1.19±0.09) mg/g, respectively. The phenylethanoside extracts showed strong scavenging ability to hydroxyl radical and DPPH free radical, and the semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were 60.196 mg/mL and 0.875 mg/mL, respectively. This study provides basic data for the extraction of phenylethanoside from Cistanche tubulosa in Xinjiang.

In this paper, the bioactive components and antioxidant activities of Cistanche tubulosa (CT) cultivated in Qinghai Province were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the bioactive components in different parts of Cistanche tubulosa were significantly different (P

BACKGROUND The Huayangchua polymetallic deposit is a super-large mineral deposit that has economic endowments of uranium and rare earth resources. The deposit is characterized by the unique ore types and complex mineral assemblage. Systematic mineralogical studies can reveal the main rare-earth minerals and the occurrence of REE, providing an important reference for the comprehensive utilization and metallurgical technology of rare earth elements. OBJECTIVES To provide new insight for mineralogy using the in-situ observation and analysis technology. METHODS The field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were used to systematically study ore minerals of the Huayangchuan deposit. RESULTS The rare earth elements in the Huayangchuan deposit mainly occurred in two states. Independent rare-earth minerals included allanite (La2O3 6.49%-7.61%, Ce2O3 11.50%-14.00%), monazite (La2O3 16.30%-21.21%, Ce2O3 32.06%-39.18%), bastnasite (La2O3 12.86%-14.20%, Ce2O3 36.67%-39.90%), fergusonite (La2O3 1.19%-2.11%, Ce2O3 1.29%-2.30%, Y2O3 22.67%-25.88%), and xenotime (La2O3 2.29%-3.58%, Ce2O3 1.89%-2.37%, Y2O3 39.77%-42.80%). REE also occurred as isomorphism in apatite, pyrochlore and sphene. CONCLUSIONS REE occurs as rare-earth minerals in the Huayangchuan deposit, including allanite, monazite, bastnasite, fergusonite and xenotime, as well as isomorphism in apatite, pyrochlore and sphene. The REEs in the Huayangchuan deposit are dominated by light rare earth elements, such as La and Ce, with minor heavy rare earth element Y.

Underground gas storage, which serves as the auxiliary facility of the nature gas pipeline network, is veryimportant to maintain the stability of gas supply. In recent years, the construction of underground gas storage developsrapidly in China. However, due to the late construction, the underground gas storage cannot satisfy the growing demandof nature gas, and gas shortage has happened occasionally in winter. In view of the large investment and long constructiontime required for gas storage construction, generally 4 years required from mining to put into service, an accelerated miningmethod is put forward herein. Definitely, it is to inject gas while mining and to take the injected gas as the protective blanketof the cavity roof. In this way, not only the cost of blanket material can be reduced, but also the construction time can beshortened significantly. As shown in the simulation analysis, it is feasible to store gas while the underground storage isconstructed.

For trajectory tracking control of a dual-arm space robot with uncontrolled base position and controlled base attitude in task space， an optimal control method based on state dependent Riccati equation （SDRE） is proposed. Firstly， based on the kinematics equation and fully driven dynamics equation of dual-arm space robot in joint space， the underactuated dynamics equation and the Jacobian relationship between the joint and the end of the manipulator are derived. Then， the SDC （state dependent coefficient） matrix is constructed by increasing the state variables， and the optimal tracking controller is designed based on the SDRE control theory， thus the trajectory tracking of the end grab and the base attitude of the dual-arm space robot is realized under the premise of optimizing the output torque energy. Finally， the Lyapunov method is used to prove the asymptotic stability of the system， and the effectiveness of the designed controller is verified by simulation experiments.

Objective To develop an analytical method for determination of seven trace neonicotinoid pesticides in milk by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Methods The samples were extracted, enriched and cleaned up using acetonitrile-water based on cold-induced liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) method. The chromatographic separation of analytes was conducted on an HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) using acetonitrile-water system as the mobile phase with gradient elution. The analytes were detected by high resolution mass spectrometry using target single ion monitoring mode and the internal standard method was used as the quantitative analysis. Results Seven neonicotinoid pesticides showed a good linearity in a certain concentration range with relative coefficient of R2>0.999. Limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 3-7 ng/L, and limits of quantitation (LOQs) were between 8 and 20 ng/L. At the spiked levels of 20, 100, 1 000 ng/L, the average recoveries of analytes in milk were between 89.4%-105.7%, with the intra-day precision (RSDr) of 0.8%-6.4% and the inter-day precision (RSDR) less than 11.0%. Conclusion Cold-induced LLE and DSPE method allows one-step sample preparation. This method demonstrates a rapid, simple and low-cost pretreatment with high sensitivity and good reproducibility, which is suitable for trace analysis of neonicotinoid pesticides in milk.

It is widely believed that amyloid β⁃protein (Aβ) plays a core role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus A β is one of main targets in the therapeutic explorations for AD. Currently, clearance of A β by passive immunotherapy is an important strategy for the treatment of AD. However, no consistent conclusions have been obtained from various clinical trails. We summarize the current situations of A β⁃directed passive immunotherapy for AD, and speculate that the failure of A β⁃directed passive immunotherapy for AD may be related to the intrinsic characteristics of A β⁃IgG glycosylation. Therefore, modifications of N ⁃ glycosylation on the Fc domain of A β⁃IgG and using a sequential administration mode of proinflammation⁃antiinflammation may be an effective strategy for passive immunotherapy for AD. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2019.12.014

Homogenization heat treatment on the as-cast Mg-13Gd-3.5Y-2Zn-0.5Zr magnesium alloy was carried out with the temperature range of 505-525℃ and the time range of 4-24h. Optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and universal material experiment machine were used to analysize the changes of microstructure evolution and mechanical property before and after homogenization. The results show that the reticular eutectic compounds in initial grain structure are transformed into discontinuous bulk-shaped LPSO (long-period stacking ordered) phases at the grain boundary and the discrete distribution of the square-shaped rich rare-earth phases dissolved. The mechanical properties test results show that the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the cast magnesium alloy are 172.9MPa and 1.8%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the alloy are improved after homogenization, the ultimate tensile strength of room temperature is 212.3MPa and the elongation is 3.1% under the homogenization of 515℃/16h. At the same time, the ultimate tensile strength of high temperature at 200℃ reaches the highest 237.2MPa and the elongation is 9.7%. The fracture microstructure of as-cast alloy indicates that the fracture is cleavage brittle fracture dominated by tearing edges and cleavage steps, small and shallow dimples occur in the alloy after homogenization treatment, but is still quasi-cleavage fracture dominated by cleavege steps, and limited plasticity is improved. Meanwhile, LPSO phase can be the crack initiation source.

Based on the image detection of steel ball surface defects，the accuracy and efficiency of detection are seriously impacted by the effective area selected improperly. Firstly，the surface detection of steel ball optimal range is studied to determine the ideal arc length;secondly，in view of the sphere zone theory establishes effective area and zonal overlapping relationship model，in order to restrict detection times by reducing the overlap area; finally，the formula of effective arc covering efficiency is utilized to directly control arc length redundancy caused by the overlap area to improve the detection efficiency and laid the important theoretical basis for system development of ball diameter series detection.

The spaceborne sodium Doppler lidar can be developed to measure global wind, temperature and sodium number density in the mesopause and lower thermosphere region. In order to analyze the feasibility of the lidar, simulation calculations about backscattering signals and measurement accuracy have been done in this paper. The analyzed result shows that the line-of-sight wind accuracy, horizontal wind accuracy and temperature accuracy are 0.8 m/s, 1.5 m/s and 2.5 K when the height of satellite orbit is 400 km, observational angle is 30.0°, laser power is 9.0 W, receiver diameter is 1.0 m, vertical range resolution is 2.0 km, and signal integrated time is 30.0 s.

Objective To review preliminary experiences in glioma resection in an integrated operating room equipped with 1.5T intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and neuronavigation. Methods Clinical data of 49 cases of gliomas located in deep brain or eloquent areas were retrospectively analyzed, focusing on the influence of iMRI and neuronavigation on the surgical strategy, the extent of resection and preservation outcomes of patients' neural function. Results iMRI scan were performed in each case for 1 to 3 times, averaging (1.57 ± 0.68) times. First iMRI of 49 cases revealed that 17 cases of gliomas were completely removed, and 32 cases had different residual tumors, indicating that iMRI frequently affected or modified the surgical strategy of glioma (32/49, 65.31%). Tumors in 9 cases were not completely removed because diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) navigation and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring found that the lesions were close to the eloquent areas or deep anatomical structures. Twenty three patients with residual tumors underwent further resection guided by iMRI (23/49, 46.94% ). As a result, the complete resection rate of tumors increased from 34.69% (17/49) to 81.63% (40/49). Compared to preoperative situation, follow⁃up study 6 months after the operation found that neural function of 19 cases were improved, and another 30 cases were equal or close to preoperative level without any tumor progression. Conclusion The integration of 1.5T iMRI and neuronavigation helps to maximize the safe removal of the tumors and minimize dysfunction, increasing the accuracy and safety of glioma surgery. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.06.008

With the advance of medical imaging, multimodality image fusion emerged to combine the advantages of anatomical imaging including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), B Ultrasonography (BUS), etc. and functional imaging including functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), positron⁃emission tomography (PET), etc., and has made great progress. Accordingly, the neurosurgical concept has changed dramatically. In recent years, functional neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI (iMRI) based on image fusion have made revolutionary progress in neurosurgical procedures, especially for cerebral parenchymal lesions. With the help of multimodal functional neuronavigation, neurosurgeons can intraoperatively mark and protect the brain functional structure. This new technology improves the surgical effect a lot in brain functional areas, reduces postoperative complications, and maximally ensures high quality of life and long survival of patients after operation. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.06.004

For lack of equipment management and maintenance of the six systems of non-coal mine, the paper proposed design scheme of online equipment monitoring system of non-coal mine, and introduced structure, function and specific implementation method of the system. The system uses file protocol method and inspection protocol method to access data, achieves functions of real-time monitoring and self- diagnosis of operating status of online equipment, and provides guarantee for the normal operation of the six systems.

For problem of complex configuration, needing to change firewall or net brake setting existing in OPC data integration mode based on DCOM configuration, a data interaction middleware based on OPC UA was designed, and structure and function of the middleware were introduced. The middleware realizes plug and play, and can achieve security data interaction with OPC server across firewall/net brake by simple configuration, which can be applied to data integration of OPC server of most coal mine automation subsystems.

For problems of inaccurate drawing and poor visibility of mine LED electronic display board using vector technical to draw graphics, the paper proposed a design scheme of dot-matrix drawing software which can be applied in different types of electronic display boards, and introduced overall design and graying steps of BMP image of the software. The dot-matrix drawing software achieves functions of WYSIWYG drawing, text and dot-matrix conversion, BMP pictures import/conversion, ICO icons import/export, analog display and external common interface. Comparison result shows that both the original graphics and their actual display effects of the graphics drawn by the dot-matrix drawing software are significantly better than the graphics drawn by vector technical.

Fixed wing UAV takes off and lands on the ground with high requirements，which limits the application and development of fixed wing aircraft. Therefore，a scheme of four-rocket boosting drone to realize short-range takeoff and landing process is proposed，and the takeoff and landing control algorithm of rocket boosting drone is studied. In the process of research，the control strategy of rocket boosting drone takeoff and landing process is designed；The mathematical models of UAV aerodynamic force，booster rocket force，engine thrust and control law are established；The dynamic equation of the takeoff and landing process of UAV is constructed；A control algorithm based on PID control is designed to control the target UAV to complete the take-off and landing process safely and stably under various interference environments. MATLAB software is used for programming and simulation calculation. The simulation results show that the control algorithm and control law designed meet the control requirements of the target UAV during takeoff and landing.

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 139 patients with AMI and 146 patients with non coronary atherosclerotic heart disease admitted to the China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from September 2017 to April 2019 were selected as the research objects. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the level of SAA1 in plasma. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of AMI, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of SAA1 in the diagnosis of AMI. Results The level of SAA1 in the AMI group was lower than that in the control group [2.62 (2.08,3.21) ng/mL vs 5.18 (3.24,8.27) ng/mL, Z=10.169, P

As graph neural networks continue to develop, knowledge graph embedding methods based on graph neural networks are receiving increasing attention from researchers. Compared with traditional methods, they can better handle the diversity and complexity of entities, and capture the multiple features and complex relationships of entities, thereby improving the representation ability and application value of knowledge graphs. This paper firstly outlines the development history of knowledge graphs and the basic concepts of knowledge graphs and graph neural networks. Secondly, it focuses on discussing the design ideas and algorithm frameworks of knowledge graph embedding based on graph convolution, graph neural networks, graph attention, and graph autoencoders. Then, it describes the performance of graph neural network knowledge graph embedding in tasks such as link prediction, entity alignment, knowledge graph reasoning, and knowledge graph completion, while supplementing some research on commonsense knowledge graphs with graph neural networks. Finally, this paper makes a comprehensive summary, and future research directions are outlined with respect to some challenges and issues in knowledge graph embedding.

Mycotoxins have proven to be harmful substances to human health. Edible vegetable oils contain a variety of mycotoxins that are carcinogenic， mutagenic， and genotoxic to the human body. This paper comprehensively discusses the research progress on mycotoxins in edible vegetable oils， covering aspects such as their sources， harmful effects， detection methods， limit standards， pollution status， and pollution control.

Objective To summarize the clinical and EEG features of patients with different ages of Rasmussen encephalitis to evaluate the efficacy of different surgical methods. Methods and Results According to the age of onset, the patients with Rasmussen encephalitis were divided into 2 groups, one group was under 6 years old (≤ 6 year group, n = 18), the other group was over 6 years old (> 6 year group, n = 18). The medial duration of advancing to actue phase was 5 (2, 11) months in ≤ 6 year group and 12.00 (5.50, 24.00) months in > 6 year group, respectively (P = 0.014). Nine months after onset, 15 cases advanced to acute phase in < 6 year group, and 6 cases advanced acute phase in > 6 year group (P = 0.006). EEG showed persistent/intermittent slow wave activity over the affected hemisphere (35 patients). Nine months after onset, 2 groups of patients with multi-region epileptiform discharges have advanced to acute phase from prodromal phase (10 cases in ≤ 6 year group and 2 in > 6 year group; P = 0.036). The prognosis of functional hemispherectomy was Engel I in 21/27 cases (11 cases in ≤ 6 year group and 10 in > 6 year group), anatomic hemispherectomy Engel I in 8/8 cases (4 cases in both ≤ 6 year group and > 6 year group, respectively). Conclusions The earlier the onset age of Rasmussen encephalitis patients, the faster the disease progresses. The EEG shows continuous slow wave and multi-epileptic discharge in the affected side hemisphere. Anatomic hemispherectomy and/or functional hemispherectomy still remains of be the only cure for the seizures caused by Rasmussen encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of fuzzy design constraints and incompleteness of key information in conceptual design stage, a conceptual design method based on product genes was proposed, overcoming some blindness in design process and improving the feasibility of designed schemes. Firstly, a conceptual design process model was established. Based on this, a new definition and composition of product genes was put forward. Then, a product gene coding method based on functional elements was proposed. Finally, a genetics-based conceptual design method was described with an unmanned probe car as an example. The results show that this method can clarify the key information of products in the conceptual design process, and reduce the blindness of design so as to improve the feasibility of design schemes and the design efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at how to retain 3 seconds power for the reactor coolant pump motor after the shutdown of steam turbine, because of canned-motor pump being applicated as the reactor coolant pump in AFIO(X) nuclear power, with small inertia and short running down time, the characteristics were analyzed under extreme conditions, such as "island operation", "full power operation", "full power operation + 500 kV power lose", "full power operation and external power lose", combined with the inherent characteristics of AP1000 nuclear power plant. The electrical system response and the reactor coolant system response were analyzed according to the simulation results of the power-grid stability and the reactor core DNBK. The research results indicate that the "3 seconds power" of reactor coolant pump after the shutdown of steam turbine can be satisfied to increase the forced circulation time of coolant and shut down safely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the inferior product gas quality and frequent equipment troubles due to the increase of acidic components content in natural gas in recent years, the process of desulphurization system after the increase of MDEA solution circulation flow rate was simulated by Aspen HYSYS software. The simulation result demonstrated that it was necessary to increase MDEA solution volume flow rate gradually from 63. 25 m³/h to 102. 85 m³/h to satisfy national standards when the volume fraction of CO2 and H2S was increased from 5. 280% and 0. 028% to 6. 280% and 0. 052% respectively. Key facilities were implemented a series of optimization by the professional softwares of FRI-Tray Rating, and HTRI Xchanger Suite, etc. The fluid mechanics performance of amine absorber and regenerator were qualified for different volume flow rates of MDEA solution after calculation. When the volume flow rates increased, it was feasible schemes to add the same model of lean/rich amine heat exchanger in series and simultaneously change the specification of heat exchange tube to meet the demand and resolve block. Optimized two-level flash device could greatly relieve frequent fluctuation and fixing the high-efficiency corrugated plate demister at inlet could avoid system foaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For wear-out failure problem of synchronizer sliders in the tracked vehicle,the wear experiment and reliability estimation are developed to study in the paper. Firstly,Partial Least Squares（ PLS） Algorithm is used to process the test data and fit the mathematical expression between the wear rate and the influencing factors. The wear safety margin equation of slider is established based on the above expression. Moreover,a new hybrid reliability model and its convergence iteration algorithm are proposed based on the case that truncated random variables,fuzzy random variables,and interval variables are coexisting is studied. Finally,the example of wear reliability of synchronizer slider shows that the good convergence results can be obtained by the iterative algorithm,the hybrid reliability index has better adaptability,wear hybrid reliability index declines with the increase of the number of gear shifting. The approach proposed in the paper also provides a reference for the wear-resisting reliability design of synchronizer slider as well as giving the time of preventive maintenance.

As a special method of assigning the burden of proof, the presumption against the defendant affects the whole criminal procedural structure as well as the evidence system and to some extent is in potential conflict with the principles like the presumption of innocence and avoiding self-incrimination. So it should be applied under reasonable restrictions. Although our criminal code and judicial interpretations stipulate the application of such kind of presumption in a few related terms, no special provisions are made in the criminal procedural law and little research has been conducted in terms of its theoretical basis and legal consequences. This results in the misuse and even abuse of the presumption against the defendant. Therefore, it is necessary to fully analyze the theoretical basis of the principle of presumption against the defendant and define its application conditions, scope and legal effects. Only by so doing can we avoid the potential risk of infringing human rights and the institutional barriers to its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the field observation on the Tamarix ramosissima populations in the lower reaches of Heihe River, the relationship models between the aboveground biomass of T. ramosissima and its morphological features (basal diameter, height, and canopy perimeter) were built. In the mean time, the land use/cover of the study area was classified by the decision tree classification with high resolution image ( QuickBird) , the distribution of T. ramosissima was extracted from classification map, and the morphological feature ( canopy perimeter) of T. ramosissima was calculated with ArcGIS 9. 2. On the bases of these, the spatial distribution of T. ramosissima aboveground biomass in the study area was estimated. Finally, the spatial distribution of the water consumption of T. ramosissima in the study area was calculated by the transpiration coefficient ( 300) and the aboveground biomass. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of T. ramosissima was 69644. 7 t, and the biomass per unit area was 0. 78 kg ∙ m-2 . Spatially, the habitats along the banks of Heihe River were suitable for T. ramosissima, and thus, this tree species had a high biomass. The total amount of water consumption of T. ramosissima in the study area was 2. 1×107 m3 , and the annual mean water consumption of T. ramosissima ranged from 30 mm to 386 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For multi-system fusion requirement in Technology schemes of upgrading of coal mine safety monitoring and control system(exposure draft), construction contents of multi-system fusion for coal mine safety monitoring and control were analyzed. A realization scheme of multi-system fusion platform for coal mine safety monitoring and control was introduced as well as its main functions. The platform collects data by fusion mode on the ground as well as unified data procession and comprehensive analysis, displays data by Web mode, and realizes fusion function of monitoring system and GIS by GIS graph software as well as multi-system linkage function and emergency linkage function.

In order to improve the problem of design calculation complex and manufacturing difficulty of non- circular gear pair,taking the high order elliptic non- circular gears as the research object,according to the principle of non- circular gear meshing,the method of calculation and design of the pitch curve of non-circular gear. Taking Solid Works as a development platform,the high order elliptic gears pitch curve design system is developed in the VB 6. 0 environment,the system includes a parameter calculation module,the pitch curve concavity and convexity check calibration module and pressure angle,root cutting,curve plotting module and so on. Finally,by cubic spline curve fitting,the computer aided design of high order elliptic gear pitch curve is realized,and the efficiency and precision of the elliptical gear drive design are improved.

Phosphoric acid is commonly used to react with carbonates to generate carbon dioxide for determining the carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonates by using online reaction device, for example, GasBench coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). During the measurement, oxygen isotope fractionation will arise due to various factors, which can result differences between the measured oxygen isotope values and the actual ones. In this study, a series of carbonate standard materials (international standard materials IAEA-603, NBS18, and national standard materials GBW04416 and GBW04405) and modern marine planktonic foraminiferal samples were determined to explore the contribution of acid fractionation on the oxygen isotope values under different conditions. The effects of acid fractionation on the oxygen isotope values for each standard material, and the underlying mechanism were investigated and discussed. The results showed that: 1) The acid fractionation effect is mainly caused by the exchange of oxygen isotopes between the sample CO2 gas and the evaporated gas phase water in the headspace bottle (at high temperatures) or by the liquid water in the acid (at low temperatures); 2) The acid fractionation coefficients of oxygen isotope in carbonate reference materials with different characteristics show significant differences and are related to their oxygen isotope compositions; 3) The degree of deviation of oxygen isotopes is related to the factors such as reaction temperature, sample quantity, water content of phosphoric acid, and the difference between the oxygen isotope composition of liquid and gaseous water in the acid and the oxygen isotope composition of the samples; 4) The acid fractionation effect on oxygen isotopes is significantly correlated with signal intensity. It is recommended to effectively correct the oxygen isotope fractionation of acid by accurately weighing reference materials and samples, following the principle of peak intensity matching and adopting linear correction method for determination of oxygen isotopes in carbonates. Besides, a lower reaction temperature (25 ℃) generates slighter degree of oxygen isotope fractionation. This study provides a useful reference for the accurate determination of carbon and oxygen isotope composition in carbonates, and is of great significance for improving analysis accuracy.