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The moisture content of black soldier fly biotransformation pig manure organic fertilizer can reach 40%~ 60% under natural condition, but the flow parameters are difficult to obtain by conventional means. In order to explore the effect of moisture content on the bonding flow of organic fertilizer, the effects of different water content (41.21% ~ 60.52%) on the flow and bonding ability of organic fertilizer particles were quantitatively analyzed by the method of accumulation angle measurement and discrete element simulation. The results showed that the organic fertilizer-steel collided restitution coefficient,organic fertilizer-steel static friction coefficient and organic fertilizer Johnson-Kendall-Roberts(JKR)surface energy significantly affected the accumulation angle of organic fertilizer. With the rising of moisture content from 41.21% to 60.52%, the organic fertilizer-steel static friction coefficient firstly decreased and then increased,especially, which reached the maximum value 0.39 when the moisture content was 56.56%, the surface energy changed from 0.22 to 0.47 J·m-2. The direct shear test of organic fertilizer showed that when the moisture content was greater than 40%, the internal friction angle between the organic fertilizer particles gradually decreased, the cohesion between particles increases with the increase of JKR surface energy, organic fertilizer particles were easy to agglomerate, which would restrict the flow movement of organic fertilizer to some extent, and the repose angle increased. The study was expected to provide numerical parameter reference for the black soldier fly biotransformation pig manure organic fertilizer application and development of mechanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proline accumulation is an important metabolic adaptative mechanism of plants under biotic and abiotic stress. P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH are key enzymes in the glutamate-dependent proline biosynthesis pathway. Rapeseed, an important oil crop in the world, is often subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses during its growth and development. However, no systematic analysis of these proline metabolic gene families has been reported in Brassica napus so far. In this study, 10 BnaP5CSs, 6 BnaP5CRs, 8 BnaPDHs, and 3 BnaP5CDHs were identified by using the genomic annotation information of 'Zhongshuang 11'. Phylogenetically, these gene families were divided into different evolutionary branches, and members of the same subgroups had similar physical and chemical properties, gene / protein structure, and conserved motifs. Evolutionary pressure analysis showed that these genes were subjected to strong purification selection. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that there were common and specific transcriptional regulatory mechanisms among the four kinds of gene families. In this study, rapeseed seedlings were respectively treated with salt stress, low potassium (K), low phosphate (P), and ammonium toxicity, and both shoots and roots were respectively sampled for transcriptomic analysis. The results indicated that the relative expression levels of genes related to proline synthesis were generally up-regulated under the above-mentioned four stresses, whereas the relative expression levels of genes regulating proline degradation were down-regulated under salt and low P stresses. Gene co-expression network analysis demonstrated that BnaC4.P5CS1a and BnaA5.P5CS1 might play central roles in the proline-mediated stress responsive networks in rapeseed. Through bioinformatics identification of proline metabolism gene family and analysis of transcription characteristics under various abiotic stresses, this study will provide a theoretical basis for further study of proline-mediated stress resistance, and will also provide excellent gene resources for genetic improvement of abiotic stress resistance mediated by proline metabolism in Brassica napus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica napus L. is one of the important oil crops in the world. However soil salt stress severely inhibited its growth and development. Previous studies have shown that under salt stress, plants increase their own salt stress resistance by expressing some miRNAs and regulating the expression of their target genes. In this study, rapeseed was cultured under 200 mmol⋅L-1 NaCl treatment and control, and took the shoot and root to construct 12 small RNA libraries for high-throughput sequencing. Through the differential expression analysis of miRNAs in the whole genome, a total of 26 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and 171 corresponding target genes were predicted. Combining the differential expression of genes in the early transcriptome and the results of the differential expression of miRNAs in this study, it is speculated that miRNA156-SPL15-WRKY, miRNA397-LAC12-xylogen, miR169-NFYA5 and miR399-UBC29-ubiquitination pathways might be involved in the regulation of salt stress resistance in B. napus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the serum expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) in type II diabetic rats with atherosclerosis and to undermine the interventional mechanism of simvastatin. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal diet (NC) group (n=8), high-fat diet (HFD) group (n=8), high-fat diet intervention (HFD+S) group (n=8), model (M) group (n=18) and model intervention (M+S) group (n=16). The diabetic atherosclerosis model was established by streptozotocin (STZ)+ Vitamin D3 (VitD3)+High-fat diet. The group HFD+S and group M+S rats were administrated with simvastatin at 20 mg/(kg⋅d)intragastrically as intervention while distilled water [20 mL/(kg⋅d)] were given to other groups. Serum levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood lipid, fasting insulin (FINS), VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were compared between each groups. Results Characteristics of atheromatous plaque were seen in group M and group M + S whose pathological change were markedly attenuated compared to group M. Serum levels of VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly higher in rats from Group HFD than those in rats from group NC. Serum levels of VEGF and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in rats from Group M than those in rats from group NC. Serum level of VEGF was significantly higher in rats from Group M than it in rats from group HFD. Serum level of CTRP3 was significantly lower in rats from Group M than it in rats from group HFD. Moreover, serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly higher in rats from Group HFD+S than those in rats from group HFD after the intervention with simvastatin. Serum level of VEGF was significantly lower in rats from Group M+S than it in rats from group M, and serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly higher in rats from group M+S than those in rats from group M after the intervention with simvastatin. Conclusion VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 may participate in development of diabetic atherosclerosis. In addition to its hypolipidemic role, Simvastatin can also down regulate serum level of VEGF and up regulate serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 to exert a significant protective effect on diabetic atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the OR values of the risk factors that are associated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by aspirin. Methods: 100 cases of patients who had taken aspirin orally as the only NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and hospitalized at Digestive System Department and Cardiology Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were selected, 49 cases of whom had upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by medicine were selected as research group, and the other 51 cases were used as control group. History of present illness, past medical illness, smoking history, coagulation routine, HP testing and gastroscopy were collected to screen out risk factors that led to upper gastrointestinal hermorrhage caused by aspirin through single factor statistical analysis, and to work out the independent risk factors through multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results: Patients at age over 60 or with history of Hp infection, ulceration, diabetes, and smoking took an apparently higher rate in the research group that in the control group, with statistical significance. Through multiple Logistic regression, it was indicated that there was statistical difference among age over 60 or with history of Hp infection, ulceration, diabetes, and the OR value of upper gastrointestinal hermorrhage caused by aspirin. Conclusions: Age over 60, history of Hp infection, ulceration, diabetes are risk factors which lead to upper gastrointestinal hermorrhage caused by aspirin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of arsenic trioxide plus amlodipine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human liver cancer HepG2 cell line in vitro. Methods: Different concentrations of arsenic trioxide (4.0, 2.0, 1.0 μmol/L) and amlodipine (27*#215; 10³, 18× 10³, 12× 10³ mg/mL) were treated on human hepatoma HepG-2 cells in vitro, the changes of cell morphology were observed, CCK-8 method and flow cytometry were used to test the proliferation and apoptosis of HepG-2 cell respectively. Results: Arsenic trioxide and amlodipine significantly increased the growth inhibition rate and apoptotic rate ofHepG2 cells in a concentration dependent manner, and the combination of two drugs was more significant(P<0.05). Compared with the arsenic trioxide and amlodipine alone, combinati on of two drugs significantly blocked the HepG2 cells in phase G2 and S. Conclusion: Arsenic trioxide and amlodipine could significantly inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of human liver cancer HepG2 cell line in vitro, which had a synergistic effect by combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the distributions of Haemophilus aggregati-bacter (H. aggregatibacter ), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis ), Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia), Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis ), and Treponema denticola (T. denticola) in subgingival plaque and different periodontal conditions of chronic periodontitis. Methods Twenty patients (80 sites) with chronic periodontitis and ten healthy subjects (20 sites) were included. The study sites were distributed into different groups according to the differences in their pocket probing depths (PD). The groups were described as follows: group A, PD⩽4 mm; group B, 4 mm6 mm. Semi-quantification of the subgingival microorganism samples was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse hybridization assay. Results The prevalence rates and quantities of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola were significantly higher in groups B and C than in the healthy group. Higher prevalence rates and quantities of P. gingivalis were detected in group A than in the healthy group. The quantities of T. forsythensis and T. denticola were also significantly higher in group C than in group B. However, the prevalence rates and quantities of H, aggregatibacter showed no significant difference among the groups. Conclusion The prevalence rates and levels of P, gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola possibly increased as the depths of the periodontal pockets increased. The quantity of P, gingivalis was correlated with the early stage of chronic periodontitis. The quantities of T. forsythensis and T. denticola were associated with local development of moderate or severe chronic periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical values of alveolar ridge augment of atrophic posterior mandible using modified sandwich technique with immediate implantations. METHODS: Three patients with atrophic posterior mandible were enrolled in this study. A sandwich osteotomy was performed using a piezosurgery device, and 2 submerged implants were placed in approximal locations simultaneously to support and stabilize the osteotomy segments. Some xenografts were inserted into sandwich region and a GBR membrane was applied during operations. After 6 months, definitive prostheses were completed. RESULTS: No dehiscence of the mucosa was observed in all patients. 2 patients' swelling gradually disappeared after a therapy with antibiotics and dexamethasone for 3 days. Six months later, newly formed bones were observed near the osteotomized segments, and peri-implant area showed osseointegration. The mean height of augmentation was about 5ram. CONCLUSION: Augmentation of alveolar ridge with immediate implantations using modified sandwich technique is applicable. Supported by Science and Technology Plan Project of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province (201103306). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of personality traits in patients with orthognathic surgery. METHODS: Thirty-six patients were enrolled in this study. All patients received orthognathic surgery between June 2008 and March 2009 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. The Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire made by Raymdond B.Cattel was used to evaluate the patients' personalities before and after operation. Statistical analyses were performed with Student's t test using SPSS 10.0 software package. RESULTS: Factor A (warmth), factor F (liveliness ) and factor L (paranoia) were increased in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery compared with the normal group (P<0.05). 3 months after surgery, the patients got significantly higher scores of factor A and factor L than before. CONCLUSIONS: The patients undergoing orthognathic surgery have the personalities of tongueless, solitary, cold, selfish,who like to stay in charmed circle with little communion, wild, fun loving, taking things as they come, having no particular interest in others, sensitive, over suspicious, haggling over every ounce and disregarding avail of others. Meanwhile, the patients asked the process and effect of operation time after time during the chat before surgery. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81070818) and Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province(2008B030303007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on 1991, 1998, and 2006 TM images, the areas of different land use types and the landscape indices of three catchments (catchment a, b, and c, which represented upper, middle, and lower reaches, respectively) in Dongjiang watershed were analyzed, aimed to study the differences in urbanization process along Dongjiang River, and their effects on landscape pattern. The results showed that the degree and speed of urbanization increased from the upper to the lower reach of Dongjiang River. Urbanization had significantly effects on water and vegetation. Urban land area was positively correlated with water body area, and negatively correlated with forest land area. However, to some extent, urbanization stepped into a relatively high degree might benefit forest recovery. The landscape pattern of catchments a and b kept complicating from 1991 to 2006, while that of catchment c was getting complex from 1991 to 1998 and then becoming simple from 1998 to 2006, indicating that with the development of urbanization, landscape pattern presented a "simple-complex-simple" tendency. Understanding the change patterns of the landscape pattern along Dongjiang River would benefit the management and sustainable development of the watershed as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract [Objective] Callose is a beta-1, 3-bonded glucan that forms a wall structure, which occurs only in certain tissues. When degrading prematurely or delayed, it may lead to pollen abortion. Examining the dynamics of callose deposition is important for understanding the mechanism of male sterility and its application. [Methods] The fertile line ‘Ningqi No.1’ and sterile line ‘Ningqi No.5’ of Lycium barbarum L. were studied using semi-thin section technique, and callose was labeled with aniline blue and periodic acid- Schiff stain (PAS). The dynamic characteristics of callose in fertile and sterile anthers of L. barbarum at different developmental stages were compared under optical microscope, and the influence of callose on anther abortion of sterile line was analyzed. [Results] In the microspore mother stage, the extracellular deposits of fertile and sterile anthers formed an uneven thick callose wall, and the fluorescence reaction showed that the callose wall gradually was thickened after meiosis forming a tetrad. With the further development of anthers, the extracellular callose wall in fertile anthers gradually disintegrated and disappeared, releasing 4 microspores. However, in sterile anthers, the callose wall outside the tetrad was thickened continuously, and there was no sign of degradation. Until flowering, the small spores in the anther chamber still existed in the state of tetrad, and the callose wall was still wrapped around the deformed and disintegrated tetrad. [Conclusion] Abnormal callose degradation was the structural cause of pollen abortion in Ningxia wolfberry. This study further analyzed the reason why the callose wall of the sterile line tetrad did not degrade, and provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the male sterility mechanism of L. barbarum L..

The senile patients with lung cancer are more likely to be complicated with pneumonia, atelectasis and even respiratory failure after operation. The perioperative airway management is closely related to the postoperative pulmonary complications, and high-quality airway management helps to improve the recovery of postoperative pulmonary function and quality of life. This article reviews the contents and progress of airway management in elderly patients with lung cancer in recent years, in order to provide reference for clinical medical workers to carry out airway management in perioperative period. (老年肺癌患者术后易发生肺炎、肺不张甚至呼吸衰竭等并发症。围手术期的呼吸道管理与术后肺部并发症的发生密切相关, 优质的呼吸道管理措施有助于提高患者生活质量, 改善患者术后肺功能。本研究对近年来我国老年肺癌患者围手术期呼吸道管理的内容及进展进行了综述, 旨在为临床医务工作者开展老年肺癌患者围手术期呼吸道管理工作提供参考。)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important method for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant refractory hematologic diseases. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the main complications, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. By reviewing of related studies, this paper summarized pathogenesis, clinical classification, prevention and treatment and nursing measures of acute skin graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD) following allogeneic HSCT, and put forward relevant management advice, in order to provide reference for clinical nurses in the early period of prevention, early detection and timely intervention on aGVHD. (造血干细胞移植是目前治疗恶性及非恶性难治性血液病的重要方法, 移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)是其主要并发症之一, 严重影响患者预后。本研究通过查阅国内外相关文献, 综述异基因造血干细胞移植皮肤急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的发病机制、临床分级、预防、治疗和护理措施, 并提出相关管理建议, 以期协助临床医护人员针对皮肤aGVHD的前期预防、早期发现、及时干预提供参考。)

This paper summarized the nursing experience of an elderly patient who underwent pulmonary lobectomy after esophageal cancer surgery. Given the age of the patient, preoperative nursing intervention were carried out to reduce the risks of the treatment. Key issues of postoperative nursing included prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation, targeted interventions on hemorrhage, thrombosis, stress gastric ulcer and other compilations, early rehabilitation exercise. (本文总结1例食管癌术后老年患者行肺叶切除手术的护理经验。患者为老年特殊人群, 基于患者实际情况, 做好术前护理, 同时积极防治术后房颤, 确保患者生命安全的同时, 针对性预防出血、血栓、应激性胃溃疡等并发症, 辅助患者早期下床活动, 促进早日康复。)

Objective To explore clinical and genetic manifestation of pheochromocytoma patients with RET gene mutation. Methods Clinical data, laboratory examination results and RET gene mutations of 23 pheochromocytoma patients with RET mutation treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The diagnosis age of pheochromocytoma in 23 patients was 32±10 years. In 22 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A, mutations were clustered in exon 16 (18 cases), especially in codon 634 (16 cases), followed by exon 10 and 14, and one patient with MEN2B had M918T in exon 16. Among the 23 patients, 9 had paroxysmal hypertension, 5 had sustained hypertension, 3 were normotensive, and 6 had episodic palpitations but their blood pressures were not measured during the attacks. 24 h urinary catecholamine excretion was as following: norepinephrine (NE): 65.8 (36.9,235.9) μg/24 h, Epinephrine (E): 5.4 (2.8, 37.2) μg/24 h and Dopamine (DA): 277 (198, 297) μg/24 h. 15 patients had abnormally increased NE, E or DA, while 8 patients had normal catecholamine excretion. The median diameter of the tumors was 4 (3, 6) cm. Fifteen patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma and 17 had medullary thyroid carcinoma. Conclusions Pheochromocytoma patients with RET mutation are consistent with those reported in western countries in terms of age at diagnosis, tumor size and mutation profile. Most patients have paroxysmal hypertension or normal pressure, and some of them have normal urinary catecholamine excretion, which are potential risk factors of missed diagnosis.

Objective This is a case report of family with VHL disease caused by a rare synonymous mutation of VHL gene and then the frequency of the mutation in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) was investigated. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of proband and his families. The whole exome sequencing was performed to examine the potential pathogenic variations in proband and the Sanger sequencing was used to verify the mutations detected above. Results The proband was a 15-year-old male with episodic palpitations, profuse sweating and elevated blood pressure. Biochemical tests showed that 24 h urinary norepinephrine was significantly increased. CT scanning found masses in bilateral adrenal glands. The masses were removed by surgical operation and pathologically diagnosed as pheochromocytoma. In the proband's family, only the aunt of his mother suffered from pheochromocytoma, and the tumor had been surgically removed. A total of 4 family members were found to be carrier of VHL synonymous mutation c.414A＞G (p.Pro138Pro). No one else in the family had other clinical manifestations of VHL disease. In addition, one patient with the same germ line mutation was also found in another 107 cases of PPGL. Conclusions The VHL synonymous mutation is firstly reported in Chinese families. The frequency of the mutation in the PPGL cohort is about 1%.

Making raw coal as research objects, used domestic-developed triaxial servo-controlled seepage equipment for thermo-fluid-solid coupling of coal containing methane, with one pressure control mode of increasing the axial compression and unloading confining pressure to carry out coal and rock loading and unloading test, and analyzed the evolution of coal deformation properties and permeability characteristics under loading and unloading conditions. Results show that coal peak intensity under loading and unloading conditions is significantly lower than that under conventional triaxial compression test. The principal stress difference shows an apparently increasing trend during experimental process. The bigger the rate of the second unloading phase is, the greater the curve slope becomes, correspondingly,the faster the radial strain and volumetric strain increases, whereas, the smaller the peak intensity becomes. At the failure stage after peak value, both radial strain and volumetric strain decrease. Relations between coal permeability, principal stress difference and strain can be divided into three stages respectively, initial compaction and yield phase,the stage after yield phase,and failure stage. After the peak, coal permeability showed a sudden small increase, which once again appeared dramatically sharp increase after some time. Changes of coal permeability are closely related to the coal deformation damage evolution, and the relation between them can be expressed by a quadratic polynomial function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on arterial elasticity in patients with early carotid atherosclerosis., Methods: A total of 62 patients with early carotid atherosclerosis were randomly divided into a blank group (12 cases, 1 cases dropped-off), a sham-acupuncture group (25 cases, 5 cases dropped-off) and an acupuncture group (25 cases, 3 cases dropped-off). Patients in the acupuncture group received acupuncture treatment, including ①acupuncture：Baihui (GV20), Yintang (GV24 + ), Renying (ST9), Neiguan (PC6), Yanglingquan (GB34)；②moxibustion：Yinqiguiyuan (Zhongwan ［CV12］, Xiawan ［CV10］, Qihai ［CV6］, Guanyuan ［CV4］), Sihua (Geshu ［BL17］, Danshu ［BL19］)；③Intradermal needle：Xinshu (BL15), Danshu (BL19). Patients in the sham acupuncture group received placebo acupuncture, moxibustion, an intradermal needle, and the acupoints were the same as the acupuncture group. The above treatments were performed twice a week for 12 weeks. No intervention was given to the patients in the blank group. Diet and lifestyle education was given to the three groups. The ultrafast pulse wave velocity, including beginning-systolic pulse wave velocity (BS) and end-systolic pulse wave velocity (ES), was observed before treatment and 1, 2, 3 months after treatment in the three groups. The blood lipid level and platelet count (PLT) at each time point were observed. The safety of the treatments was also evaluated., Results: Compared with those before treatment, the BS and ES values of both sides in the acupuncture group decreased at 2 and 3 months after treatment ( P <0.05). Compared with the blank group, the bilateral ES of the acupuncture group were decreased at 2 months after treatment ( P <0.05), and the bilateral BS and ES were decreased at 3 months ( P <0.05). Compared with the sham-acupuncture group, the acupuncture group showed a decrease in left BS and left ES after 3 months of treatment ( P <0.05), and the overall decrease on the left side of the acupuncture group was better than that on the right side. There were no significant differences between three groups in the levels of blood lipid and PLT at each time point. No serious adverse safety events occurred in the three groups during the treatment., Conclusions: Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy can improve arterial elasticity in patients with early carotid atherosclerosis, and it is safe and effective.

Exploring the nonlinear effect of urbanization on PM 2.5 concentration and its driving mechanism is crucial for controlling urban air pollution. Based on remote sensing data and statistical data from 2002 to 2020, spatial autocorrelation, systematic dynamic panel regression, and spatio-temporal geographical weighted regression models were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of PM 2.5 concentration in the urban agglomeration of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and explore the driving mechanism of urbanization on PM 2.5 concentration at different spatial scales. The results showed that:① PM 2.5 concentration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River showed an overall decreasing trend from 2002 to 2020, with a spatial distribution pattern of "high in the north and low in the south." ② Hot spot cities expanded towards the western part of the urban agglomeration, whereas cold spot cities showed enhanced spatial correlation. ③ The relationship between PM 2.5 concentration and economic, land, and population urbanization followed N-shaped, U-shaped, and U-shaped curves, respectively. Secondary industry and energy consumption significantly promoted the change in PM 2.5 concentration, and precipitation and vegetation helped mitigate PM 2.5 pollution. ④ The overall driving effects of all urbanization factors in local areas were transformed, and the main areas of influence were concentrated in the southeast, northwest, and southwest of the study area. Considering the current urban development status and regional characteristics of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, promoting green industrial transformation, rational planning of urban spatial distribution and population distribution, and enhancing infrastructure construction will facilitate the coordinated development between urbanization and environmental protection.

Objective: To study the effects of cadmium on autophagy in germ cells (GC-2 spd cells) through Ca2+ and IRE1 pathway., Methods: The viability of GC-2 spd cells was determined using a CCK-8 assay to establish the concentration of cadmium treating . MDC staining was employed to assess autophagosome formation. Laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were utilized to measure cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ levels. Western blot was conducted to evaluate the expression levels of proteins associated with the IRE1 signaling pathway and autophagy., Results: As the concentration of cadmium increased, cell viability gradually decreased. The concentrations of cadmium were determined to be 2.5, 5, and 10 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, the IOD values of MDC fluorescence intensity within the cadmium group were all elevated (P<0.05), accompanied by elevated ratios of autophagy markers LC3-II/LC3-I and up-regulation of Beclin-1 protein expression (P<0.05). Cytoplasm Ca2+ levels gradually increased, while ER Ca2+ levels decreased (P<0.05). The expression of IP3R protein, the ER Ca2+ release pathway, was up-regulated (P<0.05). Additionally, the expressions of IRE1, XBP1s, CHOP, and GRP78 were up-regulated in the cadmium group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Cadmium exposure can induce dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in GC-2spd cells, activates the ER stress-induced IRE1 signaling pathway, and ultimately induces the occurrence of autophagy in GC-2spd cells.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of shuanggu yitong acupuncture therapy (the therapy for both replenishment and unblocking) combined with domperidone on diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern and explore its effect mechanism., Methods: DGP patients differentiated as liver stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern were divided into a control group ( n =42) and an observation group ( n =42) according to the random number table. The patients in the control group took domperidone tablets orally, 10 mg each time, 3 times a day for 28 days. In the observation group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, shuanggu yitong acupuncture therapy was applied to Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24), Zhongwan (CV12), bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Hegu (LI4)and Taichong (LR3), stimulated for 30 min in each treatment. Acupuncture was given once daily, 3 times a weeks for 28 days consecutively. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were detected before and after treatment in the patients of two groups separately. The score of symptom severity index of gastroparesis (GCSI), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score and gastric emptying rate were assessed in the patients of two groups. Using ELISA, radioimmunoassay and colorimentry methods, the contents of motilin in plasma, gastrin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) in serum, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum were determined in the two groups. The clinical curative effect was evaluated., Results: After treatment, the levels of FBG, 2 h PBG and HbA1c, the scores of GCSI and TCM syndrome, the contents of motilin in plasma, gastrin, TNF-α and MDA, as well as the activity of ROS in serum were all reduced when compared with those before treatment in each group ( P <0.05, P <0.01), while gastric emptying rate and SOD activity in the serum were higher than those before treatment ( P <0.05, P <0.01). After treatment, the serological content of INF-γ was lower than that before treatment in the control group ( P <0.05), and the contents of IL-6 and IL-1β were reduced than those before treatment in the observation group ( P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of FBG, 2 h PBG and HbA1c, the scores of GCSI and TCM symptoms, the contents of motilin in plasma, gastrin, TNF-α, MDA, IL-6 and IL-1β, and the activity of ROS in serum in the observation group were all lower significantly ( P <0.05, P <0.01), while the SOD activity and gastric emptying rate in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The total effective rate was 90.5% (38/42) in the observation group, better than the control group (73.8%, 31/42, P <0.05)., Conclusion: Shuanggu yitong acupuncture therapy combined with domperidone remarkably relieves the clinical symptoms and improves the gastric emptying rate, effectively reduces motilin and gastrin and regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the patients with DGP of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of dynamic qi acupuncture for acute lumbar sprain, and to explore the differences of different needle retention time on the improvement of pain, lumbar mobility and lumbar dysfunction., Methods: A total of 160 patients with acute lumbar sprain were randomly divided into an observation group A (40 cases, 4 cases dropped off), an observation group B (40 cases, 2 cases dropped off), an observation group C (40 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and a medication group (40 cases, 6 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group A, the observation group B and the observation group C were treated with acupuncture at "lumbago point" and Sanjian (LI 3) on the left side, and during the needles were kept for 10, 20 and 30 min respectively, the patients were required to take tolerable lumbar active activities, once a day; the patients in the medication group were treated with celecoxib capsules, 0.2 g each time, twice a day. All the patients were treated for 5 d. Before and after treatment, the scores of numerical rating scale-11 (NRS-11), lumbar range of motion (ROM) and modified Oswestry disability index (ODI) were observed, and the clinical efficacy of each group was evaluated., Results: After treatment, the scores of NRS-11, ROM and ODI in each group were decreased compared before treatment ( P <0.01). The decreased degree of NRS-11, ROM and ODI in each observation group was greater than that in the medication group ( P <0.05), and the decreased degree of ROM and ODI in the observation group B and the observation group C was greater than that in the observation group A ( P <0.05). The total effective rates were 94.4% (34/36) in the observation group A, 94.7% (36/38) in the observation group B and 97.2% (35/36) in the observation group C, respectively, which were higher than 79.4% (27/34) in the medication group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Dynamic qi acupuncture with needle retention for 10, 20 and 30 min all could effectively improve the pain, lumbar mobility and lumbar dysfunction in patients with acute lumbar sprain. If the lumbar dysfunction is severe, needle retention for 20 min or more is recommended.

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of thumb-tack needle and sodium hyaluronate eye drops for dry eye., Methods: A total of 60 patients with dry eye were randomly divided into a thumb-tack needle group and a western medication group, 30 cases in each group. Based on Biaoben Genjie theory, thumb-tack needle was applied at Zhiyin (BL 67), Lidui (ST 45), Fuyang (BL 59), Yanglao (SI 6), Jingming (BL 1) and Cuanzhu (BL 2) in the thumb-tack needle group, 2 times a week. In the western medication group, 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops were applied, 3 times a day. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, TCM symptom score, tear film break-up time (BUT), SchirmerⅠtest (SⅠT), corneal fluorescein sodium staining (FL) score and 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) score were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated in the two groups., Results: After treatment, the total scores and each item score of TCM symptom in the two groups were decreased compared with before treatment ( P <0.05); except for score of visual fatigue and photophobia, the total score and each item score of TCM symptom in the thumb-tack needle group were lower than the western medication group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the BUT, SⅠT and SF-36 scores were increased and the FL scores were decreased in the two groups ( P <0.05); the BUT, SⅠT and SF-36 score were higher than the western medication group ( P <0.05), and the FL score was lower than the western medication group ( P <0.05) in the thumb-tack needle group. The total effective rate in the thumb-tack needle group was 93.3% (28/30), which was higher than 80.0% (24/30) in the western medication group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Thumb-tack needle based on Biaoben Genjie theory could effectively relieve clinical symptoms of dry eye patients, prolong tear film break-up time, increase tear secretion, improve tear film function and quality of life, and its curative effect is better than sodium hyaluronate eye drops.

Objective: To explore the protective effect and molecular mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on renal injury in type 2 diabetic rats., Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA, EA+inhibitor, and inhibitor groups, with 10 rats in each group. Diabetes model was established by high fat and high glucose diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) preconditioning was applied to "Guanyuan" (CV4), "Zhongwan" (CV12), bilateral "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Fenglong" (ST40) for 15 min, once every other day for 8 weeks. Rats of the inhibitor and EA+inhibitor groups were given intraperitoneal injection of 3-TYP (50 mg/kg) once every other day for a total of 3 times. The body weight, kidney mass, and renal index were recorded. The contents of urine microalbumin (ALB), 24 h urine 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione glycine peroxidase (GSH-Px) in kidney were detected by ELISA. The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex (RCCⅠ-RCCⅣ) in kidney were detected using spectrophotometric method. HE staining, Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the changes of renal structure. The protein and mRNA expressions of silent information regulator 3 (Sirt3), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in kidney were detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively., Results: After modeling and compared with the control group, the contents of ALB, the renal index, activity of ROS and content of 8-OHdG, and the renal collagen volume fraction (CVF) were increased ( P <0.01), while the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, RCCⅠ-RCCⅣ, and the mRNA and protein expressions of Sirt3 and MnSOD were decreased ( P <0.01). After the treatment and compared with the model group, the contents of ALB, the renal index, ROS, 8-OHdG, and the CVF were decreased in the EA group( P <0.01, P <0.05), while the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, RCCⅠ-RCCⅣ, and Sirt3 and MnSOD expression levels were increased ( P <0.01, P <0.05)；the RCCⅡ activity and the expression level of MnSOD mRNA were increased ( P <0.05) in the EA+inhibitor group; the ALB and 8-OHdG contents and the CVF in the inhibitor group were increased ( P <0.05), while the activity of SOD, and Sirt3 and MnSOD expression levels were decreased ( P <0.05). In comparison with the EA group, the contents of ALB, the renal index, activities of ROS and 8-OHdG contents, and the CVF were increased ( P <0.05, P <0.01), activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and RCCⅠ and RCCⅡ, and the mRNA and protein expressions of Sirt3 and MnSOD were decreased ( P <0.05, P <0.01) in both EA+inhibitor group and inhibitor group, whereas the activities of RCCⅢ and RCCⅣ were decreased in the inhibitor group ( P <0.05). The therapeutic effect of inhibitor was notably inferior to that of EA+inhibitor in decreasing ALB and 8-OHdG contents, and CVF ( P <0.01), and in up-regulating SOD and RCCⅡ activities, Sirt3 and MnSOD expression levels ( P <0.01, P <0.05)., Conclusion: EA preconditioning can increase the expressions of renal Sirt3 and MnSOD in type 2 diabetic rats, thereby reducing the oxidative stress response and protecting the kidneys.

Objective: To study the protective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Biao"-acupoints, "Fenglong"(ST40) and "Zhongwan"(CV12), used for treating symptoms of the disease, and "Ben"-acupoints, "Zusanli"(ST36) and "Guanyuan"(CV4), for treating the root cause of the disease on oxidative stress injury of renal mitochondria through SIRT1/PGC-1α signal pathway in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN)., Methods: A total of 33 male Wistar rats were randomized into normal ( n =10), model ( n =12) and EA ( n =11) groups.The DN model was established by feeding the rats with high-sugar and high-fat diet for 6 weeks combined with streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg, i.p.). EA (4 Hz/60 Hz, 1 mA)was applied to ST36-ST40 and CV4-CV12 for 15 min, once every other day for 8 weeks. The rats' body weight was recorded, urine in 24 hours (24-h UP) was collected to measure the urine protein level, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level detected by using a glucometer. The levels of serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were assayed using immunoturbidi-metry, picric acid method and urease method, respectively, and those of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The kidney tissue was collected for assaying the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) with xanthine oxidase method, glutathione (GSH) activity with dithio-dinitrobenzoic acid method, catalase （CAT） activity with ammonium molybdate spectrometric method, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content with thiobarbituric acid method. Histopathological changes of the kidney tissue were observed by microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), periodate Schiff staining (PAS) and Masson staining, separately, and its subcellular structure was observed under transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of renal SIRT1 and PGC-1α mRNAs and proteins were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, and the immunoactivity of renal α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and immunofluorescence density of renal collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ), collagen Ⅳ(Col Ⅳ) and fibronec-tin (FN) detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay, respectively., Results: Compared with the normal group, the levels of FBG, HbA1c, BUN, Scr, 24-h UP, TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA, α-SMA, Col Ⅰ, Col Ⅳ and FN proteins were significantly increased ( P <0.01), and the levels of body weight, HDL-C, SOD, GSH, CAT, SIRT1 and PGC-1α mRNAs and proteins were decreased in the model group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). In comparison with the model group, the levels of FBG, HbA1c, BUN, Scr, 24-h UP, TG, TC, LDL-C and MDA, and the expressions of α-SMA, Col Ⅰ, Col Ⅳ and FN proteins were markedly down-regulated ( P <0.05, P <0.01), and those of body weight, HDL-C, SOD, GSH, CAT, and the expressions of SIRT1 and PGC-1α mRNAs and proteins significantly up-regulated ( P <0.01, P <0.05) in the EA group. HE staining showed mesangial dilatation, glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix accumulation; PAS staining showed an increase of the glomerular extracellular matrix deposition; and Masson staining displayed an enhancement of glomerular fibrosis and interstitial space expansion; and electron microscope revealed foot process fusion, basement membrane thickening and organelle injury in the rat's kidney of the model group, which were relatively milder in the EA group., Conclusion: EA of ST36-ST40 and CV4-CV12, "Biao-Ben" acupoints combination, can alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in DN rats, which may be associated with its functions in up-regulating SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling, and decreasing renal fibrosis.

Objective: To study the impact of cadmium (Cd) on the expressions of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA) in the rat testis and its possible action mechanism., Methods: Twelve 6-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into a Cd-exposure and a control group, the former gavaged with CdCl2 at 3 mg/kg/d and the latter with normal saline, all for 28 successive days. Then the testicular tissues were collected from the rats, sperm concentration and motility were obtained by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and piRNA sequencing was performed using the gene chip, followed by bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed piRNAs., Results: Compared with the controls, the rats in the Cd-exposure group showed significantly decreased sperm concentration and motility (P < 0.05). The expressions of 272 piRNAs were up-regulated and 402 down-regulated after 28 days of Cd exposure, and 4 of the up-regulated piRNAs were consistent with the results of gene chip verification. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the 4 up-regulated piRNA target genes were involved in 50 biological processes, such as negative regulation of apoptosis, positive regulation of gene expression and positive regulation of GTPase activity, and mainly concentrated in 13 signaling pathways including transcription dysregulation, calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in cancer. Among them, PIRNA-DQ765261 had a binding site with Bcl-2., Conclusion: Cadmium can induce changes in the expressions piRNAs in the rat testicular tissue, and some piRNAs may be involved in the autophagy and apoptosis of sperm. Bcl-2 may be the target of PIRNA-DQ765261.

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of filiform-fire needling of " Biaoben acupoint combination" on the sequelae of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the recovery period., Methods: A total of 33 patients with COVID-19 during the recovery period were treated with filiform-fire needling at the acupoints of Mingmen (GV 4), Shenzhu (GV 12), Gaohuang (BL 43), Zusanli (ST 36) and Shangjuxu (ST 37), etc., once every other day, 3 times a week, and 3 times was one course of treatment and totally 2 courses of treatment were required. The TCM symptom, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) scores, pulmonary function indexes (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], peak expiratory flow [PEF]) and chest CT imaging change were observed before and after treatment, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated., Results: After treatment, the scores of TCM symptom, HAMA and HAMD were decreased compared with those before treatment ( P <0.05), and the levels of FVC, FEV1 and PEF were increased compared with those before treatment ( P <0.05), and the recovery rate of 22 patients with pulmonary ventilation dysfunction was 86.4% (19/22). After treatment, the lung shadow area was smaller than that before treatment ( P <0.05). The effective rate of 25 patients with lung CT abnormalities was 84.0% (21/25). After treatment, 23 cases were cured, 5 cases were markedly effective, 4 cases were effective, 1 case was ineffective, the cured and markedly effective rate was 84.8%., Conclusion: The filiform-fire needling of " Biaoben acupoint combination" could significantly reduce the sequelae of cough, fatigue, chest tightness, etc. and mental symptoms such as anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19 during the recovery period, and promote inflammatory exudation absorption of pulmonary lesion and improve lung ventilation function.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of combined "Biao"- and "Ben"-acupoint (for treating symptoms and root causes of the disease, respectively) on the expression of kidney forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and peroxi-some proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats, so as to explore its potential mechanisms underlying improvement of DN., Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control ( n =10), DN model ( n =12), EA ( n =11), EA+inhibitor (AS1842856 targeting FoxO1, n =11) and inhibitor ( n =11) groups. The DN model was established by high fat and high glucose diet for 6 weeks and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Zusanli"(ST36), "Guanyuan"(CV4), "Fenglong" (ST40) and "Zhongwan"(CV12) for 15 min, once every other day for 8 weeks. The body mass was recorded, and blood glucose detected. The serum was sampled for detecting creatinine (Scr) content with Jaffe's assay, urea nitrogen (BUN) content with urease method. Urine albumin (ALB) and renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were detected with ELISA, renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity with xanthine oxidase method, and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) content with thiobarbituric acid method. The renal subcellular structure was observed under transmission electron microscopy, and the expression levels of PGC-1α and FoxO1 proteins in the kidney tissue were detected using Western blot., Results: Compared with the normal control group, the levels of body mass, SOD activity, and FoxO1 and PGC-1α protein expression were significantly reduced ( P <0.01), while the contents of blood glucose, and serum Scr and BUN, urine ALB, renal MDA and ROS levels significantly increased in the model group ( P <0.01). In comparison with the model group, the levels of body mass, SOD activity, and FoxO1 and PGC-1α expression were significantly increased in the three treatment groups except SOD, expression of FoxO1 and PGC-1α in the inhibitor group ( P <0.01, P <0.05), and the contents of blood glucose, Scr, BUN, ALB, MDA and ROS were obviously decreased in the three treatment groups except ALB and ROS in the inhibitor group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The therapeutic effect of EA was notably superior to that of EA+inhibitor and inhibitor in increasing body mass, SOD activity, and FoxO1 and PGC-1α expression levels ( P <0.05, P <0.01), and in down-regulating blood glucose, BUN, ALB and ROS levels ( P <0.05, P <0.01), suggesting a reduction of the therapeutic effect of EA after administration of the inhibitor AS1842856 of FoxO1. Results of electron microscopy showed diffusely thickened and vague basement membrane, increased mesangial matrix, fused foot process, and reduced volume of endothelial cells with pykno-tic nucleus of the kidney tissue in the model group, which was obviously milder in both EA and EA+inhibitor groups particularly in the EA group., Conclusion: EA increases the expression of FoxO1 and PGC-1α in the kidneys of DN rats, thereby reducing the oxidative stress response and protecting the kidneys.

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a life support technique for patients with severe respiratory failure. In the past, single lumen cannula was mostly used to constract the vascular pathway of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Compared with single-lumen cannula, double lumen cannula (DLC) can reduce recirculation fraction, reduce complications such as infection and bleeding, and facilitate patient's rehabilitation. DLC requires accurate positioning of the catheter. It has been gradually applied in China. This paper will review the key points related to the use of DLC, such as the insertion, position, and complications, etc. to provide guidance for clinical application practice.

Objective: To observe the effect of thumb-tack needles based on " Biaoben acupoint compatibility" on sequela symptoms, mental state and pulmonary ventilation function in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during recovery period., Methods: Fifty cases of COVID-19 during recovery period were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 25 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group were treated with thumb-tack needles at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taiyuan (LU 9). The patients in the control group were treated with sham thumb-tack needles at identical acupoints as the observation group. The treatment in the two groups was given once a day, 7-day treatment was taken as a course of treatment, and totally two courses of treatment were given. The TCM symptom score, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) score, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score, pulmonary function (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1], peak expiratory flow [PEF]), the severity of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and pulmonary imaging changes in the two groups were compared before and after treatment., Results: Compared before treatment, the total scores and each item scores of TCM symptom scale, HAMA scores and HAMD scores in the two groups were reduced after treatment ( P <0.05). Except for the symptom scores of dry throat and dry stool, the total score and each item score of TCM symptom scale, HAMA score and HAMD score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). Compared before treatment, FVC, FEV1 and PEF in the two groups were increased after treatment ( P <0.05), and those in the observation group were higher than the control group ( P <0.05). The severity of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the two groups was reduced after treatment ( P <0.05), and the severity in the observation group was better than that in the control group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the lung shadow area in the two groups was decreased ( P <0.05), and that in the observation group was smaller than the control group ( P <0.05). The improvement of imaging change in the observation group was better than that in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The thumb-tack needles based on " Biaoben acupoint compatibility" could significantly reduce the sequela symptoms, anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19 during recovery stage, and improve the pulmonary ventilation function.

The present study established the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of the content of eight major active components in Caesalpinia decapetala and performed the quality evaluation of C. decapetala from different habitats with the chemical pattern recognition. The analysis was carried out on a Waters BEH C&#95;(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) at 40 ℃, with the mobile phase of water containing 0.1% formic acid(A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid under gradient elution, the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1), and the injection volume of 1 μL. The electrospray ionization(ESI) source in the negative mode and multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) were used for MS quantitative analysis. The content results were analyzed by the hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis(PCA) for the evaluation of the quality difference. Eight components showed good linear relationships within their respective concentration ranges(r&gt;0.999), with the average recoveries of 96.85%-103.4% and RSD of 0.52%-2.8%. The analysis results showed that the quality of samples from different batches was different. The samples were classified into three clusters by HCA and PCA. The method is simple, sensitive, accurate, and efficient, and can be used for the quality evaluation of C. decapetala.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Biao-Ben acupoints" (Biao indicates pathogenic factors of disease; Ben refers to body constitution) on renal function, hemorheology and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) level in patients with early diabetic kidney disease (DKD), so as to explore its mechanism underlying relieving early DKD., Methods: A total of 120 patients with early DKD were selected and randomized into 3 groups: medication, conventional acupoints, and "Biao-Ben"acupoints groups by stratified randomization method, with 40 cases in each group. Patients of the me-dication group were treated by routine symptomatic supportive treatment (gleziquantel tablets or subcutaneous injection of insulin \[for hyperglycemia\], candesartan tablet \[hypertension\], simvastatin tablets \[hyperlipidemia\], etc.).Based on the medication group, patients of the conventional acupoint group were treated by EA of bilateral Feishu (BL13), Weiwanxiashu (EX-B3), Weishu (BL21), Shenshu (BL23), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Taixi (KI3) (main acupoints), etc., and those of the Biao-Ben acupoint group treated by EA of main acupoints Zhongwan (CV12), Fenglong (ST40), Xuehai (SP10) and Taichong (LR3) (Biao acupoints), and Guanyuan (CV4) and Zusanli (ST36) (Ben acupoints). The EA treatment was conducted one daily, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The urine microprotein level in 24 h was detected using an automatic specific protein analyzer, followed by calcula-ting the urine albumin excretion rate (UAER). The serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN) and cystatin (CysC) contents were detected by using an automatic biochemical analyzer, and the whole blood low-cut viscosity (ηbL), whole blood mid-cut viscosity (ηbM), whole blood high-cut viscosity (ηbH), plasma viscosity (ηp) and fibrinogen (FIB) levels were detected using an automatic hemorheology tester, and the serum eNOS and nitric oxide (NO) levels assayed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The total clinical effective rates were compared and the adverse reactions of the treatment were recorded., Results: Compared with the values before the treatment in each group, the levels of UAER, Scr, BUN, CysC, ηbL, ηbM, ηbH, ηp and FIB were all significantly decreased ( P <0.01), while serum eNOS and NO levels significantly increased in the three groups after the treatment ( P <0.01). Compared with the medication group, the levels of UAER, Scr, BUN, CysC, ηbL, ηbM, ηbH, ηp and FIB were notably lower ( P <0.01, P <0.05), and serum eNOS and NO contents obviously higher in both the conventional acupoint and "Biao-Ben" acupoint groups ( P <0.01). Comparison between the two EA groups showed that the levels of UAER, BUN, ηbL, ηbM, ηbH and ηp were lower ( P <0.05), whereas the serum eNOS and NO contents were considerably higher ( P <0.05) in the "Biao-Ben" acupoint group than in the conventional acupoint group. After the treatment, the total clinical effective rate of the "Biao-Ben" acupoint group was 89.74%(35/39), being significantly higher than those of both the conventional acupoint group (71.05%, 27/38, P <0.05) and medication group (64.10%, 25/39, P <0.05)., Conclusion: EA of "Biao-Ben" acupoints can improve renal function and reduce microcirculation disorders in patients with early DKD, which may be related to its function in up-regulating the levels of serum eNOS and NO.

Objectives: To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a specific programmed cell necrosis inhibitor, in promoting the oxidative stress response of macrophages under high glucose (HG) environment., Methods: Macrophages were cultured in control (5.5 mmol·L -1 glucose) or HG (25 mmol·L -1 glucose) medium for 72 h. The HG+Nec-1 group was given HG and 5 μmol·L -1 Nec-1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by 2'-7'dichlorofluorescin diacetate, MDA, and SOD enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits, respectively. Moreover, receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) expression was assessed through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB). Finally, after the expression of RIP1 in macrophages was silenced, the effect of HG environment on oxidative stress response was evaluated in the gene-deficient cells., Results: The HG group had increased ROS level and MDA activity ( P <0.000 1) and decreased SOD activity ( P <0.000 1) compared with the control group. The HG+Nec-1 group had higher ROS level and MDA activity ( P <0.000 1) and lower SOD activity ( P <0.01) than the HG group. The qRT-PCR and WB results showed that RIP1 mRNA level ( P <0.001) and protein expression level ( P <0.000 1) in the HG group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and RIP1 mRNA and protein expression levels in the HG+Nec-1 group were significantly lower than those in the HG group ( P <0.000 1). After RIP1 was silenced effectively ( P <0.001) with si-RNA, the ROS level and MDA activity of the HG+si-RIP1 group decreased compared with those of the HG+si-negative control (si-NC) group ( P <0.001), and SOD activity in the HG+si-RIP1 group increased than that in the HG+si-NC group ( P <0.000 1)., Conclusions: HG promotes oxidative stress on macrophages by upregulating RIP1 expression.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on neurovascular unit, neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemia (CI), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of ischemic cerebral tissue., Methods: Male SD rats, SPF grade, were randomly and equally divided into sham operation group, model group, EA group Ⅰ and EA group Ⅱ，27 rats in each group. The CI model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). EA (2 Hz/20 Hz, 0.5 mA) was applied to "Quchi"(LI11), "Hegu"(LI4), "Zusanli"(ST36) and "Shuigou"(GV26) for rats of the EA group Ⅰ, and to "Baihui"(GV26), "Fengfu"(GV16), "Neiguan"(PC26) and "Xinshu"(BL15) for rats of the EA group Ⅱ for 20 min, once a day for 14 days. The modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) was calculated according to the state of locomotor, sensory, and reflex parameters. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the neuronal structure of the ischemic cerebral area. The CD34 positive cells (for microvessels) of the ischemic brain tissue were detected by using immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of cerebral phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) mRNAs were detected by quantitative real-time-PCR, respectively., Results: Along with the extension of time, the mNSS at 4 h, and 3, 7 and 14 d after CI were apparently decreased, and the number of CD34 positive cells from 3 d to 14 d after CI, and the expression of PI3K mRNA and Akt mRNA from 3 d to 7 d were significantly increased in the model，EAⅠand EA Ⅱ group （ P <0.01, P <0.05）. Compared with the sham operation group, the mNSS at 4 h, and 3, 7 and 14 d, and CD34-positive number and PI3K mRNA and Akt mRNA expression levels at 3, 7 and 14 d were significantly increased in the model group ( P <0.01, P >0.05). In comparison with the model group, the mNSS at 3, 7 and 14 d were obviously decreased ( P <0.01), and the CD34-positive number and PI3K and Akt mRNA expression levels at 3, 7 and 14 d considerably increased in both EA group Ⅰ and Ⅱ ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The therapeutic effect of EA group Ⅱ was significantly superior to that of EA group Ⅰ in lowering mNSS at 14 d, up-regulating the CD34-positive number at 7 and 14 d,and PI3K mRNA at 3, 7 and 14 d and Akt mRNA at 3 and 7 d ( P <0.05, P <0.01). Results of TEM showed an irregular shape of neurons with nuclear pyknosis, non-uniform chromatin, more organelle loss, swollen mitochondrial Golgi complex and expansion of rough endoplasmic reticulum, being relatively milder in the EA group Ⅰ, particularly in the EA group Ⅱ., Conclusion: EA therapy can improve the neurological function in cerebral ischemia rats, which may be related to its effects in protecting the neurovascular unit and up-regulating PI3K/Akt signal pathway. The effects of EA at GV26, GV16, PC26 and BL15 are better than those of EA at LI11, LI4, ST36 and GV26.

Engraulis japonicus , an important fishery resource, is a key species in ecosystem trophodynamics studies. In this study, we examined stomach content of E. japonicusby stable isotope analyses, with samples collected from the East China Sea in 2008-2009 and 2020. The aim of this study was to demonstrate their diet composition, diel and ontogenetic changes in feeding habits and trophic level. Results of the stomach content analysis showed that E. japonicus mainly fed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish. The main prey species were Euphausia pacifica [index of relative importance (IRI)=87.6%; frequency( F )=57.6%], Paracalanus parvus (IRI=3.2%, F =15.3%), and Themisto gracilipes (IRI=2.1%, F =13.1%). Results of the stable isotope analysis showed that Copepoda were the main food source of E. japonicus , followed by Euphausiacea, and the contribution rate of Amphipoda was the least, which was less than 1%. There was significant diel change in diet composition. Feeding intensity was higher in the daytime than at night, with the highest in the dusk and the lowest at midnight. Ontogenetic change in feeding habit occurred when fork length reached 90 mm, over which the fish fed both zooplankton and small fishes. The δ 13 C of E. japonicus was between -21.66‰ and -18.14‰, with an average of (-19.92±0.86)‰. The δ 15 N of E. japonicus ranged from 4.07‰ to 10.78‰, with an average of (8.14±2.48)‰. Both δ 13 C and δ 15 N values were positively correlated with fork length. Trophic level of the fish was 3.4 with stomach content analysis and 2.7 with stable isotope analysis. The results would provide important reference for understanding nutritional status of pelagic small fish, and offer some basic data to establish ecopath model.

Objective To investigate the effect of progranulin (PGRN) on the invasion and migration of mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells and its mechanism. Methods After treated with PGRN (1 μg/mL) for 24 hours, the invasion ability of breast cancer 4T1 cells was detected by Transwell TM invasion assay, the migration ability was detected by scratch test, and the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), vimentin mRNA expression was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2). After treated with 1 μg/mL PGRN and ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibitor U0126 (10 μmol/L) simultaneously, the migration and invasion ability of 4T1 cells and the changes in the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and p-ERK proteins were detected again. Results After treated with PGRN, the migration and invasion capabilities of breast cancer 4T1 cells were significantly enhanced; E-cadherin expression decreased; vimentin and p-ERK1/2 expression increased. After treated with ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibitor, the ability of PGRN to promote breast cancer 4T1 cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was significantly inhibited. Conclusion PGRN can promote the migration and invasion of breast cancer 4T1 cells by promoting EMT and activating the ERK1/2 pathway.

A case of SNX10 gene mutation in a patient with infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) was admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The patient had the symptom of anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and growth retardation. The X-ray examination suggested extensive increase of bone density throughout the body, which was clinically diagnosed as IMO. The homozygous mutation of SNX10 gene c.61C>T was found via gene sequencing. We reviewed the relevant literatures and found that anemia, visual and hearing impairment, hepatosplenomegaly are the main clinical symptoms of IMO, SNX10 gene mutation is a rare cause of IMO, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment.

Wetlands play an important role in maintaining ecosystem functions. Wetlands in China have suffered intensive human disturbance, especially before 2000, resulting in great losses and degradation. Therefore, two national wetland resource surveys were carried out by the Chinese government during 1998-2003 and 2008-2013 to determine the status of wetlands, understand their dynamics, and provide substantial data that can aid scientific wetland conservation. Based on the survey data, the spatial pattern and spatial autocorrelation were explored using the standard deviation ellipse as well as global and local spatial autocorrelation statistics. GIS mapping was employed to display the results via the visualization of the spatial patterns and relationships. Results indicate that:① Changes in the wetlands of China are significant and exhibit obvious regional differences. The center of the ellipse of the total wetlands has moved to the west, and the degree of spatial differentiation between natural wetlands and artificial wetlands is increasing. There is no significant spatial autocorrelation for changes in artificial wetlands. ② The changes in natural wetlands are significantly spatially autocorrelated and clustered, which are identified by global Moran's I and local Moran's I . The hotspots of natural wetland change are concentrated primarily in Qinghai, Tibet, and Sichuan. The individual hotspot is in Inner Mongolia and the cold spot is in Henan. The difference in spatial autocorrelation between natural and artificial wetland changes indicates that natural wetland changes have shown spatial continuity, while artificial wetland changes have shown strong spatial randomness. ③ Some useful spatial associations are used to delineate wetland conservation effects. Then, three major or five minor effective protection management regions are identified. Wetland conservation efforts should be continuously strengthened and improved, especially in the middle-lower Yangtze River region of central China. The use of Moran statistics helps to reveal spatial autocorrelation and identify the conservation effects in wetland changes, which can provide a basis for decision-making in regional wetland conservation and management systems.

As the main structural components of cellular and sub-cellular membranes, lipids are a major source of energy and play an important role in various biological processes such as cellular signaling. Lipid profiling has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques for lipid profiling occupy a dominant position in this regard. Sample preparation, which aims at enriching trace substances and reducing matrix interferences, is a crucial step in the analysis of lipids for the intricacy of sample matrices. Here, we review recent developments in sample preparation techniques based on chromatography-mass spectrometry and their application to lipid profiling. Various sample preparation techniques are described and summarized. The extraction methods based on liquid phase included liquid-liquid extraction and single organic solvent extraction. The extraction methods based on solid phase involved solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. The field-assisted extraction methods cover supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Moreover, online coupling sample preparation methods and sample preparation methods for in vivo lipid analysis are presented. Finally, the problems and trends in sample preparation techniques for lipid profiling based on chromatography-mass spectrometry are discussed. It is believed that efficient development of sample preparation techniques would help improve the sensitivity and selectivity of lipid profiling as well as the analysis speed.