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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the feasibility of shallow neuromuscular blockade in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Sixty-four patients（ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ），aged 20-60 y，with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m² ，scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy，were randomly divided into shallow neuromuscular blockade group（group S，n=32）and moderate neuromuscular blockade group（group M，n= 32）by a random number table.Rocuronium was infused to maintain the degree of neuromuscular blockade in both groups to achieve the target degrees：train-of-four stimulation（TOF）count of 4 in group S and 1~ 3 in group M．Peak airway pressure，airway plateau pressure and compliance of lung（CL）were recorded at following time points：just after tracheal intubation.（T1），10 min after pneumoperitoneum（T2），just end of pneumoperjtoneum（T3）and end of surgery（T4）.Artefial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis at before induction （T0），T1，T2 and T4. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ［P（A-a）O2］， oxygenation index（OI），intrapulmonary shunt（Qs/Qt）and dead space fraction（VD/VT）were calculated derivatively at T1，T2 and T4.Surgical condition scores were assessed by surgeons，while operation times， extubation times，dosages of rocuronium，usage of muscle relaxant antagonists and adverse reactions during recovery in the two groups were recorded. Results Sixty patients were available for the final statistical analysis，with 30 cases in each group. Compared with group M，CL decreased by nearly 5 mL/cm H2O at T2 in group S，while OI decreased by 40 mmHg and Qs/Qt increased to 12.4%（P<0.01），but there were no significant difference between the two groups at T4. Surgery condition score was lower（P<0.01），however acceptable surgical conditions of group S（83.3%，25/30）has no statistical difference compared with group M（96.7%，29/30），meanwhile extubation time was shorter（P<0.01）and the dosage of rocuronium was less than that of group M （P<0.01），neuromuscular blockade reverse in two groups was statistically significant （P<0.05），There were no significant difference in the other parameters between the two groups. Conclusion Use of shallow neuromuscular blockade in LC has clinical feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) on hemodynamics, oxygenation and levels of inflammatory factors in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods: 129 children with NRDS received in our hospital from June 2016 to April 2019 were selected, and the children were divided into study group (n=65) and control group (n=64) according to the random number table method. On this basis, children in the control group were treated with constant frequency mechanical ventilation (CMV), and the study group was treated with HFOV. The curative effect, hemodynamics, oxygenation function, inflammatory factor levels and complications of the two groups were compared. Symptoms occurred. Results: The total clinical effective rate of the study group after 24 hours of treatment was 89.23% (58/65), which was higher than the control group's 68.75% (44/64) (P<0.05). The arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 ) increased after 24 hours of treatment in the two groups, and the study group was higher than the control group (P<0.05); heart rate (HR), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) ), procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 ), oxygenation index (OI) all decreased, and the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: HFOV combined with PS in the treatment of NRDS can effectively improve the hemodynamics, oxygenation function and inflammatory factor levels in children, without increasing the incidence of complications, and has high clinical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) before single-lung ventilation on oxygenation in patients with pulmonary lobectomy. Methods Fifty-eight patients who underwent elective lobectomy in our hospital were selected in this study. Patients were divided into treatment group (group P) and control group (group N) according to the random number table, with 29 cases in each group. After anesthesia-induced intubation and before onelung ventilation (OLV), hypoxia was used to reduce SpO2 to 0.90 in group P, and then reoxygenation was used to increase SpO2 to 1.00. The ventilation was continued for 3 minutes, and repeated twice. The arterial blood, gas was measured at the end of each treatment, and the hypoxia tolerance time of SpO2 from 1.00 to 0.90 was recorded. Group N was subjected to routine ventilation. Radial arterial and internal jugular vein blood were taken for blood, gas and intrapulmonary shunt rate (Qs/Qt) was measured before and after OLV (T0), OLV 30 min (T1), OLV 60 min (T2) and OLV 90 min (T3). Platelet (PLT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were measured at T0, T1, T2 and T3. The OLV time, vital signs at each time point during the operation and peak airway pressure (Peak) were also recorded. Results There were no significant differences in OLV time, the average arterial pressure (MAP), SpO2, heart rate (HR), Peak, p(CO2), pH, hemoglobin (Hb) and arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) during operation between the two groups (P＞0.05). During the two HPC sessions, the hypoxia tolerance time was extended from (6.9±1.3) min to (7.9±1.1) min (P＜0.05), and no serious adverse reactions were observed. After OLV, the levels of p(O2) were significantly lower in the two groups than before OLV, but the levels of p(O2) were significantly lower at each time point in the group N than that in the group P(P＜0.05). After OLV, the Qs/Qt values were significantly higher than those before OLV in the two groups, and the Qs/Qt of each time point was higher in the group N than that of the group P (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in PLT and MPV between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Hypoxic pretreatment before one-lung ventilation is safe for patients. It can reduce Qs/Qt in patients during OLV, increase p(O2) and improve the oxygenation of patients undergoing lobectomy. The relationship between its effect and platelet count and function is not clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of lung protective ventilation strategy on pulmonary oxygenation function and serum inflammatory mediators in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: 50 elderly patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer radical operation were classified by ASA（American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Assessment Grade） Ⅰ-Ⅱ and aged over 60 years. They were divided into two groups by random number table: VCV group and PCV group. During mechanical ventilation under general anesthesia, the VCV group adopted the volume-controlled ventilation mode,and the tidal volume was set to 8 m L/kg PCV group adopted the lung protective ventilation strategy. Tidal volume was set to 6 m L/kg and5 cm H2O positive end expiration pres sure（PEEP）, and manual pulmonary resuscitation was given every 30 minutes after pneumoperitoneum Hemodynamic parameters and respiratory mechanics indexes were recorded at 5 minutes before pneumoperitoneum（T0）, at 5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum（T1）, at 30 minutes after pneumoperitoneum（T2）, at 60 minutes after pneumoperitoneum（T3） and at 120 minutes after pneumoperitoneum（T4） stopped at 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum. Blood gas was extracted at T0, T4 and leaving PACU, and oxygenation index（OI） was calculated. Intravenous blood was taken at one day before operation, at T4 and one day after operation to detect the levels of CRP and IL-6 in plasma. Results: Compared with VCV group, PCV group had lower airway pressure at T4, T5 and higher lung compliance at T4, T5（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in hemodynamic parameters between the two groups. Compared with VCV group, PCV group had a higher oxygenation index when they left PACU（P<0.05）, IL-6 and CRP in PCV group was lower at one day after operation（P<0.05）. Conclusion: Pulmonary protective ventilation strategy can improve the pulmonary oxygenation function, reduce the release of inflammatory mediators and the occurrence of lung injury in elderly patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated water technology can significantly change the physicochemical properties of water and enhance the activity of water molecules. Magnetization, de-electronation, and oxygenation techniques can improve the physicochemical properties of soil, promote wateruse efficiency, and soil nutrient-utilization efficiency, and increase the growth and yield of farmland crops. Activated water technology has attracted the attention of many researchers for its low energy consumption, innocuity, and high efficiency. This paper introduced the bene⁃ fits of three common irrigation water activation technologies—magnetization, de-electronation, and oxygenation—and their effects on the physicochemical properties of soil in agricultural production. We described the influence of magnetized water irrigation on crop growth and improvements in soil salinization. In addition, we highlighted existing problems in the popularization and application of activated water irri⁃ gation technology in agriculture. This study was of considerable theoretical and practical significance for the realization of agricultural water conservation, efficiency, and sustainable development in arid and semi-arid areas where freshwater resources were scarce and land quality was declining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the value of drugs combined with high frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV)in oxygenation and pulmonary function in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Methods A total of 100 neonatal respiratory dis tress syndrome from March 2017 to February 2019 were collected as study subjects, The newborns with respiratory distress syn drome in our hospital were divided into study group and control group, 50 cases in each group. The basic treatment was the same in both groups, and the study group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride combined with HFOV. The therapeutic effect and serum analysis of the two groups were compared. Results Oxygen partial pressure(PaO2) was higher in the study group than that in the control group at 12, 24 h, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2) was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The mechanical ventilation time and hospitalization time in the study group were shorter than those in the control group, and the curative effect was better than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion The combination of drugs and HFOV can significantly improve the oxygenation function of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome and improve the therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease, as acute inflammation in the lungs typically leads to hypoxia and symptoms of dyspnea. The treatment modalities of ARDS include mechanical ventilation, corticosteroid, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation, inhaled nitrogen oxide, and the prone position. Among these, the prone position is supported by evidence showing significantly reduced mortality in patients that adopt this modality. Lying in the prone position reduces atelectatic lung volumes by recruitment of dependent parts and facilitates normal regulation of alveolar ventilation, giving better-matched ventilation perfusion and, thus, improved oxygenation. Lying in the prone position should be initiated as early as possible and may be implemented when there is limited improvement after 12-24 hours under mechanical ventilation and when the PaO2/FiO2 ratio is less than 150 mmHg. However, the prone position may not be appropriate for patients with increased intracranial pressure, hemodynamic instability, an open abdominal wound, or pregnancy. Prior to setting a patient in the prone position, fixation of tubings should be affirmed, and all tubings should be reexamined after each adjustment in position in order to ensure that they are free of twists and function well. In addition, caution should be given to the skin at pressure points to avoid pressure sores and foam dressings may be applied in advance for protection. This article summarizes the pathophysiology of ARDS, the principle of applying the prone position, and related indications, complications, and nursing care in order to give nurses more confidence in caring for patients using the prone position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straw returning is of great significance for improving soil structure, soil fertility, crop yield, and quality. However, straw returning causes environmental problems such as increased methane emission and non-point source pollutant emission risk. How to reduce the negative effects of straw returning is an urgent problem to be solved.In this study, the effects of aerobic treatment on carbon and nitrogen concentration in surface water and greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields with different treatments of straw returning were systematically compared.The results showed that different treatments of straw returning significantly increased chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the surface water of the paddy field and significantly promoted the methane emission of the rice field and the global warming potential (GWP), although it slightly reduced N 2 O emission. The increasing trends showed that wheat straw returning>rape straw>broad bean straw returning.Straw returning increased rice yield when compared with the control without straw returning, but the difference was not significant. Aerobic treatment reduced the COD in surface water by 15%-32%, the methane emission of the paddy field by 10.4%-24.8%, and the GWP of paddy field by 9.7%-24.4% under different straw returning treatments, without affecting the rice yield. The mitigation effect of aerobic treatment with wheat straw returning was the best. The results indicated the potential of oxygenation measures in greenhouse gas emission mitigation and COD emission risk reduction in straw returning paddy fields, especially in wheat straw returning paddy fields.

Objective To investigate the improvement of oxygenation, hemodynamics, extubation time and time in ICU of patients of AECOPD in their Pro-Intrusive Ventilation Phase, as well as to evaluate the overall treatment effectiveness of Prone Position Ventilation to AECOPD patients; and to hopefully provide advices to the application of Prone Position Ventilation as a clinic practice. Method 80 pro-intrusive ventilation patients with AECOPD were evenly and randomly divided into two groups: forty patients each in experimental and control groups. Patients in both experimental and control groups are treated strictly according to The Treatment Guideline to Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases China 2011 Edition), while patients in experimental group were given treatment of Prone Position Ventilation PPV). Central venous pressure CVP), heart rate HR), mean arterial pressure MAP), cardiac output CO), cardiac index CI), stroke volume SV) and stroke volume variation rate SVV) monitoring, oxygen saturation SpO2), blood oxygen pressure PaO2), oxygenation index PaO2/FiO2) of the all patients in both groups were recorded before hospitalization and 1 hour, 8 hours, 24 hours. Their oxygen saturation SpO2, blood oxygen pressure PaO2), oxygenation index PaO2/FiO2), chest CT changes were also recorded 1 day, 7 days, 14 days after PPV, and their duration in ICU and days of hospitalization, patients' age, frequency of hospitalization, FEV1 and APACHE II evaluations were also compared. Results (1) Comparison of blood and oxygenation monitoring: arterial oxygen tension PaO2, oxygen saturation SpO2, oxygenation index PaO2FiO2 were improved in 1 hour; while oxygen saturation SpO2), oxygenation index PaO2/ FiO2) in 8 and 24 hours of the experimental group were higher than those of control groups with statistic significance P < 0.05) ; arterial oxygen tension PaO2), oxygen saturation SpO2, oxygenation index PaO2FiO2 were improved from day 1, while the oxygen saturation SpO2 and oxygenation index PaO2FiO2 of the experimental group were higher than those of control groups with statistic significance P < 0.005) . (2) Comparison of hemodynamics: the HR, MBP, CVP, CO, CI, SV, SVV of both experimental and control groups in 1, 8, and 24 hours had no statistically significant difference P > 0.05). (3) Extubation time and ICU stay-time: there is a statistically significant difference in extubation time between experimental and control groups: the median extubation time of the experimental groups 19.04) days: control group 20.83) days; there is also statistically significant difference in ICU stay-time between experimental and control groups: the median ICU stay-time of the experimental groups 8.85) days: control group 10.46) days P<0.05). Conclusion Comparing to Spine Position Ventilation, Prone Position Ventilation remarkably improves the oxygenation, reduces the extubation time and decreases the ICU stay-time of the patients with AECOPD in their pro-intrusive positive pressure ventilation phase; while PPV does not show influence on hemodynamics changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of different ventilation time in the prone position on patients with endogenous/exogenous ARDS. Methods: 30 endogenous/30 exogenous ARDS patients were randomly devided into 4 groups, ventilation in the prone position for 2 h and 4 h. Recording the score of APCHEII, oxygenation index, the absorption situation in X-ray, HR, MAP, extubation time, the time out of ICU.Results: The APCHEII scores HR and MAP in four groups have no significant statistics (P＞0.05); 4h ventilation for endogenous ARDS patients has a better indicators than 2 h in oxygenation index, the absorption situation in X-ray, extubation time and the time out of ICU (P＜0.05); 2 h and 4 h ventilation for exogenous ARDS patients can improve indicators above, two groups have no significant statistics (P＞0.05), the results of exogenous groups are precede than endogenous group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Ventilation in the prone position can improve the situation of ARDS patients, both endogenous patients and exogenous patients. Exogenous ARDS patients have a better treatment effect after the ventilation of 2h, however, endogenous patients need longer time and have a non-ideal prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are collectively ranked as the ninth most prevalent cause of death in Taiwan. Ascites is the most common comorbidity associated with liver cirrhosis. Different body postures affect pulmonary ventilation and arterial oxygen partial pressure. Thus, ensuring proper body posture in patients is an important clinical nursing intervention that significantly affects the recovery of patients. Purpose: This study investigates the effects of head posture on oxygenation saturation, comfort, and dyspnea in patients with liver cirrhosis-related ascites. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used. A total of 252 participants were recruited from a medical centre hospital in Taiwan. Participants were allocated randomly into three groups of bed-elevation angles: 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees. The physiological indices were measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes in order to investigate the change in oxygenation saturations that were attributable to the different angles. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used for statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at: α = .05. Results: After controlling for confounding variables, the results showed that patients in the three groups earned similar scores for the degree of difficulty in the oxygen values. The supine group earned significantly different scores than the other two groups in terms of blood oxygen values related to time to change the angle of the three groups at five minutes after adjusting the angle (p < .01). This study found no differences among the three groups in terms of comfort. In terms of breathing, this study found a significant difference between 45-degree and 15-degree supine dyspnea (p < .05). Therefore, patients with ascites at 15 degrees supine and with better access to better oxygen saturation had superior results to their peers at 30 degrees and 45 degrees supine. Furthermore, this group was less likely to perceive breathing difficulties. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The results of this study may guide health education and care for nurses in order to improve the quality of care for patients with chronic liver disease / cirrhosis with concomitant ascites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common disease in the intensive care unit with a high rate of mortality. Prone positioning is an economic and safe treatment for patients with this disease. Prone positioning improves oxygenation, increases end expiratory lung volume, improves imbalances in lung ventilation, and changes the thoracic wall mechanics in ARDS patients. Purpose: This article uses systematic review to examine the effects of prone positioning on oxygenation and complications in ARDS patients. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), eMedline, Chinese Electronic Theses & Dissertations Service (CETD), Chinese Electronic Periodical Services (CEPS), National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan, and Taiwan Periodical Literature System databasewere searched with predetermined keywords. Nineteen studies, including 9 randomized control trials (RCTs) and 10 non-randomized control trials (non-RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria, were included. Standardized critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) were used to assess methodological quality. RevMan 5.1 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: Prone positioning improved oxygenation, defined as the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mean difference 71.38, 95% Cl [52.74, 90.03], p < .00001). With regard to complications, prone positioning did not influence the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% Cl [0.45, 1.85], p = .80) or unplanned extubation (OR = 2.31, 95% Cl [0.59, 9.01], p = .23). However, prone positioning did have a significant effect on the incidence of pressure sores (OR = 5.67, 95% Cl [1.24, 25.87], p = .03). Conclusions / Implications for Practice: This review supports the use of prone positioning to improve oxygenation in ARDS patients in clinical practice. Careful implementation by nursing staffs of each prone positioning procedure helps maintain patient safety, improve quality of care, decrease length of hospitalization, and reduce medical costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen reserve index (ORI) is a novel dimensionless index used for noninvasive, real-time, and continuous monitoring of oxygenation, and ORI value ranges from 0 to 1, which reflects the range of 100-200 mmHg for arterial partial pressure of oxygen. ORI combined with pulse oximetry may help to accurately adjust the concentration of inspired oxygen and prevent hyperoxemia and hypoxemia. ORI is suitable for various clinical situations, and the medical staff should master this novel parameter and use it properly to assess the oxygenation of patients. In addition, several limitations of ORI should be noticed during clinical application.

OBJECTIVE:Compared the efficacy of ambroxol hydrochloride injection intratracheal instillation with intravenous injection of ambroxol hydrochloride injection in treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome . METHODS:90 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome admitted into Xinxiang Central Hospital were selected to be divided into observation group and control group via the random number table , with 45 cases in each .The observation group were treated with intratracheal instillation , while the control group received intravenous injection of ambroxol hydrochloride injection .The alveoli oxygenation function , lung compliance and inflammatory mediators level were compared between two groups .RESULTS:The PaO2 , SaO2 , PaO2/FiO2 of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group , with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05 ) .However , the airway resistance of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group , the lung compliance was significantly higher than that of control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).The level of serum IL-1, IL-6, TNF-αof observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group , with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS: Ambroxol hydrochloride injection intratracheal instillation and intravenous injection of ambroxol hydrochloride injection in treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome can improve the alveolar oxygenation function and lung compliance , and relief the inflammation . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the change in regional oxygen saturation (rSO 2 ) of intestinal tissue in preterm infants with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) by near-infrared spectroscopy, and the clinical significance of the change in intestinal oxygen level in preterm infants with hsPDA., Methods: The preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) who had gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1 500 g were prospectively enrolled, who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital from October 2017 to October 2020.According to the diagnostic criteria for hsPDA, the preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were divided into two groups: hsPDA and non-hsPDA. According to closure of the ductus arteriosus after oral administration of ibuprofen, the preterm infants in the hsPDA group were subdivided into two groups: hsPDA closure and hsPDA non-closure. Hemodynamic parameters were measured at diagnosis of PDA and after treatment, and the level of intestinal tissue rSO 2 was monitored continuously to analyze its change., Results: A total of 241 preterm infants with PDA were enrolled, with 55 infants (22.8%) in the hsPDA group and 186 infants (77.2%) in the non-hsPDA group. There were 36 infants (65%) in the hsPDA closure group and 19 infants (35%) in the hsPDA non-closure group. Compared with the non-hsPDA group, the hsPDA group had a significantly higher left atrial diameter/aortic root diameter ratio and significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening ( P <0.05). At each time point within 6 hours after diagnosis (1, 2, 4, and 6 hours), the hsPDA group had significantly lower intestinal tissue rSO 2 than the non-hsPDA group ( P <0.05), and intestinal tissue rSO 2 gradually decreased over time in the hsPDA group ( P <0.05), with the lowest level of 0.448±0.014 at 6 hours. Compared with the hsPDA non-closure group, the hsPDA closure group had a significantly lower left atrial diameter/aortic root diameter ratio and significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening ( P <0.05). At each time point within 48-96 hours after treatment (48, 72, and 96 hours), the hsPDA closure group had significantly higher intestinal tissue rSO 2 than the hsPDA non-closure group ( P <0.05), and intestinal tissue rSO 2 gradually increased since 24 hours after treatment in the hsPDA closure group ( P <0.05), with the highest level of 0.578±0.031 at 96 hours., Conclusions: hsPDA has an impact on intestinal tissue oxygenation in preterm infants, and continuous monitoring of intestinal tissue rSO 2 by near-infrared spectroscopy can help to guide the clinical management of hsPDA in preterm infants.

Respiratory support is a very important technique for saving severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia patients who suffering respiratory failure, which can improve oxygenation, reduce mortality. Therefore, how to reasonable using respiratory support technique is the key point that relating success or failure. In this paper, the authors introduce their experience on treating severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia, it is hopeful for current fighting against 2019-nCoV in China.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease, as acute inflammation in the lungs typically leads to hypoxia and symptoms of dyspnea. The treatment modalities of ARDS include mechanical ventilation, corticosteroid, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation, inhaled nitrogen oxide, and the prone position. Among these, the prone position is supported by evidence showing significantly reduced mortality in patients that adopt this modality. Lying in the prone position reduces atelectatic lung volumes by recruitment of dependent parts and facilitates normal regulation of alveolar ventilation, giving better-matched ventilation perfusion and, thus, improved oxygenation. Lying in the prone position should be initiated as early as possible and may be implemented when there is limited improvement after 12-24 hours under mechanical ventilation and when the PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio is less than 150 mmHg. However, the prone position may not be appropriate for patients with increased intracranial pressure, hemodynamic instability, an open abdominal wound, or pregnancy. Prior to setting a patient in the prone position, fixation of tubings should be affirmed, and all tubings should be reexamined after each adjustment in position in order to ensure that they are free of twists and function well. In addition, caution should be given to the skin at pressure points to avoid pressure sores and foam dressings may be applied in advance for protection. This article summarizes the pathophysiology of ARDS, the principle of applying the prone position, and related indications, complications, and nursing care in order to give nurses more confidence in caring for patients using the prone position.

Background: Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are collectively ranked as the ninth most prevalent cause of death in Taiwan. Ascites is the most common comorbidity associated with liver cirrhosis. Different body postures affect pulmonary ventilation and arterial oxygen partial pressure. Thus, ensuring proper body posture in patients is an important clinical nursing intervention that significantly affects the recovery of patients., Purpose: This study investigates the effects of head posture on oxygenation saturation, comfort, and dyspnea in patients with liver cirrhosis-related ascites., Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used. A total of 252 participants were recruited from a medical centre hospital in Taiwan. Participants were allocated randomly into three groups of bed-elevation angles: 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees. The physiological indices were measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes in order to investigate the change in oxygenation saturations that were attributable to the different angles. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used for statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at: α = .05., Results: After controlling for confounding variables, the results showed that patients in the three groups earned similar scores for the degree of difficulty in the oxygen values. The supine group earned significantly different scores than the other two groups in terms of blood oxygen values related to time to change the angle of the three groups at five minutes after adjusting the angle (p < .01). This study found no differences among the three groups in terms of comfort. In terms of breathing, this study found a significant difference between 45-degree and 15-degree supine dyspnea (p < .05). Therefore, patients with ascites at 15 degrees supine and with better access to better oxygen saturation had superior results to their peers at 30 degrees and 45 degrees supine. Furthermore, this group was less likely to perceive breathing difficulties., Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The results of this study may guide health education and care for nurses in order to improve the quality of care for patients with chronic liver disease / cirrhosis with concomitant ascites.