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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represented a serious challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Special psychiatric patients represent a vulnerable group and are particularly affected by lockdown interventions. Knowledge on the possible effects for this group of patients in an emergency physician setting is low. Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the first lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on emergency ambulance services for psychiatric patients in a large German city. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all prehospital psychiatric emergencies in a large German city during the first pandemic-related lockdown from 22 March 2020 to 4 May 2020, with the same period in 2019 serving as a reference. Results: During the first lockdown there was a significant increase in the number of emergency missions with respect to psychiatric cases. A substantial rise in substance-associated deployments was observed. Moreover, there was an increase in the proportion of psychiatric patients who did not meet emergency criteria. Suicidal tendencies and agitation status played a minor role during the lockdown. Conclusion: The lockdown had a notable impact on the frequency and profile of emergency physician calls in the metropolitan area studied. The substantial increase in substance-associated callouts can be interpreted as both a deterioration in access to the healthcare system and an expression of the increased stress faced by the general population and vulnerable groups in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the horrors of the Second World War, Henri de Lubac and Simone Weil both discovered the potential of tropological self-techniques and applied biblical resources to shed light on the crises and catastrophes of their time to develop possible ways out. There is an original understanding of revelation at the heart of tropological hermeneutics. According to this understanding, the object of interpretation regarding divine revelation is the lived now and it applies Scripture as its interpretative tool. The paper outlines the individual perspectives of Henri de Lubac and Simone Weil by suggesting a concept how this understanding of revelation can be described within the historical horizon of the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the approaches of Heidegger and Peter Knauer SJ in order to make sense of the Christian notion of an "incarnation of the word". By drawing upon the parallels between Heidegger's famous "Being" and Knauer's understanding of "createdness", an argument is made for the insurmountability of the horizon within which revelation can possibly occur. Further parts are dedicated to the crucial role of "Dasein" and its ability to reveal divine truth by virtue of human speech. Against the background of the strict correlation of God, word and faith, considerations on the mutual conditionality of a ** try to outline a trinitarian understanding of revelation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper responds to the exegetical view that the argumentation of Gal 3.10 employs a suppressed praemissa minor (ʻthe Torah cannot be fully observed') and argues against the thesis of P. C. Moore, according to which the words taken up in 2.16c from Ps 143(142).2 do in fact provide exactly this premise. Not least the sequence of the particles γάρ, (ὅτι) δέ, ὅτι and δέ in Gal 3.10b, 11a, 11b, 12a draws attention to a more probable scenario: Paul argues in 3.10–12 by means of two syllogisms, and he uses premises secured by biblical formulations (from Deut 27.26; Hab 2.4; Lev 18.5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the distinction between the dynamic and the descriptive unconscious is in danger of being lost and indicates some of the practical, clinical consequences of this loss. It does so against the background of Freud’s own struggles with his radical conception of the dynamic unconscious as ultimately unknown, as they appear in the revisions of The Interpretation of Dreams, invoking Laplanche’s recognition of Freud’s Copernican Revolution and the temptation he felt to make a Ptolemaic Return. It also comments on confusion about whether feelings can be said to be unconscious and the implications of this confusion for clinical practice, especially for our understanding of the concepts of transference and countertransference. An extended analysis of a dream is presented to show the dynamic unconscious in action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgency of the energy transition is in conflict with delaying effects and options that are not optimally used in the complex, multi-stage German planning system. This also applies to the law and procedures of spatial planning, as well as the interaction of spatial planning with construction planning and sectoral law. Here, fundamental reform options have not yet been exhausted, despite many current legislative projects. Some procedural steps and options for legislative deviations can be eliminated altogether, the interaction of planning and decision-making levels can be made more effective, and subject-related certain hierarchical levels in the planning system could be omitted on a topic-specific basis. Based on a brief analysis of the initial situation for spatial planning, this paper first provides corresponding general considerations on such far-reaching acceleration options and their consequences. This is followed by the presentation of numerous specific spatial planning-related optimisation options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of this decade, society has been confronted with multiple crises that also act as new drivers of spatial development. Based on a literature review and qualitative interviews with housing market actors, this paper presents an interim balance of the lasting influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on housing preferences and location decisions as well as initial empirical knowledge and theses on the effects of the 2022 energy crisis on these decisions. It emerges that the energy crisis already has a greater impact on spatial development today and will probably have a greater impact in the medium and long term than the pandemic. Housing preferences that arose during the pandemic have already shifted again or can no longer be implemented at present. At the same time, the influences of the pandemic can no longer be considered in isolation from the energy crisis. While the pandemic will further intensify spatial deconcentration processes, the effects of the energy crisis are spatially more differentiated. Moreover, in a time of multiple crises, future spatial development will not be shaped by individual crises, but by their interaction - also with long-standing trends such as the ageing of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy transition and the expansion of renewable energies are central challenges to planning. In view of tightened climate protection targets and the associated rise in installation capacity, planning conflicts are likely to intensify further in the coming years. At the same time, democratic institutions are under increasing pressure. The expansion of wind energymust proceed swiftlywhile democratic participationmust be ensured. Based on planning conflicts over wind turbines in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania and Brandenburg, this paper addresses the extent to which research on planning conflicts can benefit froma justice perspective, both in theoretical-conceptual and empirical terms. Drawing on concepts from research on spatial justice, energy justice, and planning justice, the paper uses a three-dimensional conception of justice to identify access points for dealing constructively with conflicts. First, conflicts have to be recognized as such and their productive potential has to be acknowledged. Second, strategies have to be established that allowconflicts to be dealtwith constructively. In doing so, several dimensions of justicemust be taken into account: distributive justice andthequestion ofwhat is to be distributed according to which criteria, recognition justice and the reflexion on difference and needs beyond hegemonic majority opinion, and finally procedural justice, which is intended to ensure that recognition and fair distribution can be implemented. In this way, a proactive attitude towards planning conflicts can make a central contribution to sustainable and democratic planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts are considered as vital elements of plural democracies in agonistic political and planning theory. According to this theory, antagonisms are to be tamed and channeled into agonistic disputes. Therefore, forms of participation in planning procedures play a key role in the resolution and regulation of conflicts. The central question of this paper is the role of participatory procedures in planning in order to resolve and settle conflicts, which occur in a particularly sharp way in the context of large-scale projects. The paper presents planning conflicts and forms of participation using the case of the settlement of the Gigafactory Tesla in the German state of Brandenburg. Within the framework of an empirical case study, the approval procedure of the project and a land use plan procedure of the municipality are analysed. Both procedures are characterized by a great acceleration, early preliminary decisions and participation deficits. The result shows that in the case of the settlement of Tesla, in addition to conflicts of interest, values and location, procedural conflicts also occur, which call the acceptance of planning into question. The forms of participation practiced do not prove suitable for taming conflicts, but rather produce mistrust among opponents and reinforce antagonistic dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with planning conflicts in the pluralistic democracy, based on an international literature review. The aim is to trace the state of research on how spatial planning deals with conflicts. Moreover, we reflect upon the development of major planning paradigms with regard to this topic. To this end, some basics on conflict and conflict resolution in spatial planning are presented. The collaborative planning paradigm, which appears hegemonic in planning theory and practice until today, is then critically discussed with regard to its handling of conflicts. Subsequently, agonistic planning theory is introduced with reference to the work of political scientist Chantal Mouffe. This concept claims to deal specifically with conflict, which renders it particularly relevant for this topic. In conclusion, the paper reflects on the extent to which agonistic planning can have practical relevance for the regulation of conflicts and how this can be achieved in contemporary planning practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image‐based quality control – part 2: granulometric properties The changes in concrete technology necessary to achieve the climate protection targets will lead to a significant change in the concrete mixtures typically used. The raw materials used are becoming more diverse and complex. The use of recycled raw materials will also significantly increase the fluctuations in the properties of the raw materials. An Accurate and time‐efficient determination of the granulometric properties of the aggregate is of crucial importance, especially for "eco‐concretes", in order to ensure consistent quality characteristics. As a natural raw material, the aggregate is subject to certain fluctuations to which such optimized concrete compositions can react relatively sensitively. In the future, it will be necessary to determine possible quality deviations of the fresh concrete resulting from fluctuations in the raw materials in a time‐efficient manner in order to be able to make appropriate adjustments in the production process as quickly as possible. This paper presents an image‐based quality control for the digital evaluation of granulometric properties of the aggregate as a part oft he flow table test. Accordingly, the range of properties of the image‐based method already presented in Part 1 of this paper is extended to a fully comprehensive digital quality control. This paper presents the image‐based determination of the granulometric properties of the aggregate as a part oft he flow table test. The determination is based on the image‐based quality control described in part 1 of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kurzfassung: „German Theory" is a theory that has not yet been written, but could have been. „Theory" is here understood as a "territory of thought" that transcends the boundaries of its origins, and travels to other sites. „French Theory", for example, is the label for the travel of French poststructuralism to Anglophone humanities. In this sense, „German Theory" does not exist (yet), but as this paper will argue, it exists as a potentiality that has not (yet) actualized. To show this potential, this paper turns to the work of Friedrich A. Kittler. To illustrate why Kittler did not become a cornerstone of „German Theory", and to discuss how it could have been, this paper proceeds in two steps: first, it traces the recent history of the reception of Foucault in German language geography and the humanities. This analysis shows that Kittler and German language geography morphed Foucault's discourse theory into two distinct thought styles – the „discourse school" in German language geography into a „textual" one; Kittler into a „materialist" one. This incompatibility of thought styles, this paper asserts, obstructed the travel of Kittler to Anglophone geography, although Kittler's notion of „materiality of communication" resonates with the „material turn" in Anglophone geography. Nor did the Foucault of the „discourse school" travel to Anglophone geography. Kittler's „German Foucault" travelled to Anglophone media studies as „German School", though. In the last part of the paper, I ask the question how Kittler's „German Foucault" could have travelled to (anglophone) geography and what could have been gained theoretically through this travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an approach to sexual therapy for sexual dysfunctions and sexual relationship dysfunctions that was inspired first by the „Third Power of Psychology“, the Humanistic Psychology and Psychotherapy (HPT) and secondly by the „Third Wave of Psychotherapy“, here Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Accordingly, the therapy focuses on the acceptance of problems and the concession that something is not right, instead of attempting to eliminate or correct dysfunction. Acceptance and Commitment Sexual Therapy (Akzeptanz- und Zugeständnis-Sexualtherapie, AZST) is based on the assumption that sexual dysfunctions and sexual relationship dysfunctions can be resolved once the pressure to correct (or „fix“) a dysfunction is eliminated. The approach draws on the broader understanding of sexual health derived from the principles of Ivan Bloch, in which socio-cultural norms, ideals and expectations relating to sexual activity form the background for the evaluation of sexual health. It is assumed that, on the macro level, sexual dysfunctions are not individual psychological symptoms but rather expressions of social normative sexual expectations which are internalized by the individual as potentially pathological. Specifically, that sexual interactions must result in „successful“ penis-vaginal penetration and rate as „bad sex“ when this goal is not achieved. Clinical observations show that sexual dysfunctions, on the micro level, are largely penetration dysfunctions which occur with internalized pressure to achieve penis-vaginal penetration. Acceptance and Commitment Sexual Therapy supports the couple in their recognition of socialy normative pathogenic sexual expectations, and in their refocusing on the communication function of sexuality. The paper gives a schematic overview of the principles and processes of Acceptance and Commitment Sexual Therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes and interprets Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s 1705 poem on the death of Queen Sophie Charlotte. The poem is examined within its historical context, and existing research literature is critically evaluated. With a dual objective, the paper firstly seeks to enrich the predominantly philosophical focus of existing research by introducing a nuanced perspective from literary studies. Secondly, it aims to consolidate the current state of research within this specific intersection of literature and philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following contribution aims to present and evaluate the complex network of topics and ideas pertaining to language across the breadth of Leibniz’s writings. The first part provides a structured overview of Leibniz’s historical language studies, which played a pioneering role in evidence-based scientific investigations across various fields, such as the history of languages, the origin(s) of language(s), language change, and grammatical theory. It also explores Leibniz’s positions on language politics. The second part of the paper investigates the partially covered role that questions of language play in constructing Leibniz’s philosophical system, illuminating how much his philosophical achievements draw inspirations both from his juridical experiences and his mathematical inventions. The paper concludes with new insights into Leibniz’s conception of scientific truths, analyzing how we operate with words as signs of distinct primitive notions or ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article first presents and explains the theses that emerge from Régis Burnet's monograph 'Exegesis and History of Reception' (Tübingen 2021) and from his SNTS Main Paper published in NTS 2023, 'Why "Reception History" Is Not Just Another Exegetical Method: The Case of Mark's Ending' (Leuven 2022). It then develops questions and perspectives that result from the dialogue between Burnet's approach and my own approach and continue this productive, unfinished discussion. It should be postulated that the history of interpretation and the reception history belong to the field of theological encyclopaedia and have the potential to lead to an 'aesthetic theology'. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt zunächst die Thesen, die sich aus Régis Burnets Monographie Exegesis and History of Reception (Tübingen 2021) und aus seinem in NTS 2023 publizierten SNTS Main Paper „Why ‚Reception History' Is Not Just Another Exegetical Method: The Case of Mark's Ending" (Leuven 2022) ergeben, vor und erläutert sie. Sodann entwickelt er Fragen und Perspektiven, die sich aus dem Gespräch unserer Ansätze ergeben und dieses noch unabgeschlossene, produktive Gespräch weiterführen. Es soll postuliert werden, dass Auslegungs- und Rezeptionsgeschichte Arbeitsfelder theologischer Enzyklopädie darstellen und das Potential bergen, zu einer ‚ästhetischen Theologie' zu führen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Öffnung ihrer digitalen Sammlungen für die Nachnutzung ist ein wichtiges strategisches Ziel der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Fragen der Digitalisierung und der Öffnung digitaler Sammlungen und diskutiert, wie diese am besten als Daten für die Forschung zugänglich gemacht werden können. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf historischen Zeitungen im Forschungskontext. Weiters wird auf das Konzept von „Collections as Data" und die Rolle von GLAM Labs eingegangen, die in jüngster Zeit in vielen Bibliotheken, darunter auch in der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, eingerichtet wurden. Opening its digital collections for reuse is an important strategic goal of the Austrian National Library. This paper deals with questions of digitisation and opening digital collections and discusses how these can best be made accessible as data for research. One focus is on historical newspapers in a research context. This paper also discusses the concept of "Collections as Data" and the role of GLAM Labs, which have recently been established in many libraries, including the Austrian National Library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedestrian-friendly urban structures motivate people to use active modes of mobility and walk instead of using their car. Active mobility is associated with health-promoting benefits and assumed to support neighbourhood-based social interaction. In this context, walkability assessment tools help urban and transport planning to identify deficiencies for the walkability of urban neighbourhoods and use the results to work towards improvements. The results contribute towards the establishment of indicators to measure development and planning targets with respect to the walkability of urban neighbourhoods and continuous monitoring over time. Based on a newly developed and free available GIS-measurement tool this paper assesses the walkability of the 16 most populated Germany cities at a small scale. The lowest average walkability can be found in the city of Dortmund, while Frankfurt am Main shows the highest values. The paper discusses the methodology and the results for the 16 cities and uses short portrayals of the town planning history and pedestrian infrastructure in Dortmund and Frankfurt am Main to explain possible reasons for the differences in the measurement results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the taboo of failure in pedagogy and argues that this taboo is just as complex and contradictory as it is necessary for the discipline. It explores how failure is discussed in pedagogical theory and practice and which forms of speaking about pedagogical failure are tabooed. The article does not advocate for breaking the taboo, but rather for working through it. It emphasizes that pedagogical action always goes hand in hand with broken intention and that failure is a unique characteristic of educational science. Failure is considered an important pedagogical experience that opens up spaces for reflection. Approaches are discussed on how to promote a culture of mistakes and a serious engagement with failure in learning and educational processes. It is emphasized that educational science should thoroughly address the taboo of failure. [Extracted from the article]

The Journal for Individual Psychology plans to announce the topics for its upcoming issues and invites interested authors to submit articles. The topics for the upcoming issues are trauma, failure/negative therapy outcomes, societal topics as a "rescue" of psychoanalysis, and a conference issue for the annual conference of the DGIP 2022. The manuscripts will undergo an anonymous peer review. The journal has a print edition with the ISSN 0342-393X and an online edition with the ISSN 2196-8330. [Extracted from the article]

Bei der gesetzlichen Pflichtablieferung von Netzpublikationen kooperiert die Badische Landesbibliothek mit der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek, dem Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg und der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Entstanden sind dabei fünf innovative Dienste zur Archivierung von Amtsdruckschriften, E-Books, E-Journals, E-Papers und Websites. Diese ermöglichen es, wesentliche Teile des textbasierten digitalen Kulturerbes aus Baden zu sichern – wir berichten hier über den aktuellen Stand unserer Sammlung. The legal deposit of online publications is handled through a cooperation by the Baden State Library, the State Library of Württemberg, the Library Service Centre Baden-Württemberg and the German National Library. The joint project has developed five innovative services for archiving government documents, e-books, electronic journals and papers, as well as websites. These services facilitate the protection of substantial parts of our text-based, digital cultural heritage in Baden. We present a short report on the collection and progress to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The e-prescription was introduced in Austria in 2022 and digitizes the prescription process in the healthcare system. The introduction of the e-prescription poses special challenges and risks, which are examined in the article from various perspectives. The e-prescription replaces the previous paper prescription and is intended to increase efficiency and improve data quality. The prescription process is carried out electronically from the prescription to the billing, with the relevant information being stored in the administrative system. The e-prescription can be redeemed using an e-card or QR code, and reimbursement is done exclusively electronically. The e-prescription enables the electronic prescribing of medications in Austria. The pharmacy electronically records the data and forwards it to the social insurance companies on a daily basis. However, there are certain areas where the e-prescription cannot be used, such as for long-term anesthetics. The system currently only applies to medications reimbursed by the social insurance companies. Data protection plays an important role in the digitization of the healthcare system, and appropriate technical and organizational measures must be taken to ensure an adequate level of protection. A risk analysis shows that the electronic prescription (e-prescription) provides effective security measures against dangers such as unauthorized access or forgery. As part of the Health Telematics Act, a closed network has been established to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of personal data. The e-prescription is considered more forgery-proof than the traditional paper prescription and can only be redeemed once. To prevent abuse, information about the patient and the issuer must be included, and the prescription must be electronically signed. Although there were initially difficulties, around 1.2 million e-prescriptions have already been issued and the system is largely implemented. The e-prescription is an important step towards digital health management, but further modernizations are still required. The Vienna Medical Chamber provides information on the topic of e-prescriptions on its website. There is also an FAQ document that answers questions about the e-prescription. There is excitement about the new e-prescription, as reported on orf.at. The electronic health record ELGA also provides information on digitization in healthcare. [Extracted from the article]

Machine learning for design and analysis of steel frame halls The use of digital tools in design and construction processes increases efficiency, especially for recurring tasks and processes, such as the dimensioning of components or structures, which follow similar patterns. This paper develops an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based assistant for use in the pre‐design and design of steel frame halls as a prototypical co‐pilot. For this purpose, the necessary database of steel frame halls is first compiled from project archives of TRAGRAUM Partnerschaft Beratender Ingenieure mbB. This will be examined in the context of data analyses according to the decisive description parameters and similarities, so that finally suitable AI surrogate models for the prediction of the hall parameters are trained by means of regression analyses. Furthermore, an interface to the finite element program SOFiSTiK is implemented, which passes the predictions of the AI regarding the parameters of the steel frame halls to a parameterized input file and triggers the calculation and design. In the course of the calibration of the AI substitute models, in addition to the approximation qualities, possible safety margins to be provided are also discussed in the context of this article. This article shows that the prototypical co‐pilot for the preliminary design of steel frame halls could be successfully implemented. Furthermore the AI newly generated hall frames can be classified as stable with respect to the validation considerations. An outlook on future further developments of this approach as well as the transfer to other applications complete this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper views the torch run (fakkelloop) in 1975 that ended with the inauguration of the Afrikaans Language Monument in Paarl on 10 October 1975. While the Afrikaans Language Monument and the Afrikaans Language Museum receive considerable attention in the literature, scant information about the torch run is recorded in a structured manner, even though it was of wide cultural and geographical significance. The torch run was organised as part of the Afrikaans language festivities of 1975, the year having been declared Language Year (Taaljaar) by the South African government. The Language Year commemorated, inter alia, the founding a century earlier, on 14 August 1875, of the Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners (GRA, or Fellowship for True Afrikaners) in Paarl, the elevation of Afrikaans to the status of official language 50 years later in 1925, and the opening of the museum and inauguration of the Monument in Paarl in 1975. The torch run comprised people carrying torches, in commemoration of the Language Year, over long distances in South Africa and the then South-West Africa (today Namibia) and Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe). Eight language torches were lit at the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria on 14 August 1975. Each torch was carried on a different route through South Africa, South-West Africa and Rhodesia. The torches arrived at the Afrikaans Language Monument in Paarl on 10 October 1975 for the opening ceremony of the Monument on that day. While the Afrikaans Language Monument in Paarl is well-known, very little is known about other structures celebrating the Afrikaans language all over South Africa (and one in Namibia). These commemorative structures take the form of monuments, memorial plaques and even a primary school, but they (other than the primary school, which obviously is not in the form of a monument) are not comparable in scale with the Monument in Paarl. The oldest language monument in South Africa is in Burgersdorp and was erected in 1893 in commemoration of the acceptance of the Dutch language as a parliamentary language in the former Cape Colony. Two Afrikaans language monuments (in Kroonstad and Welkom) were erected as part of the celebrations in 1959 known as Die Wonder van Afrikaans (The Wonder of Afrikaans). Taaljaar Primary School (Laerskool Taaljaar) in Witbank (today eMalahleni) was opened in that year as well. The aim of Die Wonder van Afrikaans was the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the SA Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns (SA Academy for Science and Arts), founded in 1909, and the 30th anniversary of the Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurverenigings (FAK, or Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Societies), founded in 1929. As part of the Taaljaar 1975, a number of structures commemorating the Afrikaans language were erected throughout South Africa. The unveilings took place at language and cultural festivals when a Taaljaar torch was carried through the cities and towns concerned. These commemorative structures are scattered randomly throughout the country and take the form of monuments and memorial plaques. One monument celebrating Afrikaans was unveiled in 2014 in Namibia as well. There are records of commemorative structures in the form of plaques or monuments erected during the Taaljaar in Aberdeen, Belfast, Burgersfort, Delareyville, East London, Ermelo, Johannesburg, Lichtenburg, Makhado (Louis Trichardt), Montagu, Ohrigstad, Petrus Steyn, Reddersburg, Reitz, Riebeek-Kasteel, Springbok, Trompsburg, Touws River, Ventersdorp and Worcester. Some records are incomplete, but they do suggest that such structures may have been erected (or may have existed) in Ladismith (Western Cape), Meyerton, Milnerton, and Trompsburg. Many years after the Taaljaar, on 8 November 2014, an Afrikaans language monument was erected in Windhoek in Namibia. The FAK was instrumental in erecting this monument. The torch run was the last geographically comprehensive cultural commemoration of Afrikaans. In scope it is comparable with national festivals such as the 1938 Symbolic Great Trek, the laying of the cornerstone of the Voortrekker Monument (also in 1938) and the inauguration of the Voortrekker Monument in 1949. The history of the torches and the torch run is the focus of this research paper. The torch run is inextricably linked to the language memorials unveiled during the Taaljaar and the cultural language festivals arranged in many cities and towns. This was the last time that Afrikaans was celebrated on a national scale. The torch run itself was a major success, but after 1975 the domestic environment in the country changed considerably. The Soweto uprising of 1976 against the compulsory use of Afrikaans in schools in black communities drastically changed sentiments towards the language. Afrikaans became politicised, and, in addition, the introduction of television in South Africa in 1976 changed the appetite of Afrikaans speakers for language and cultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eton-Myers collection contains 14 vessels and shards with black rims, which are characteristic of the early predynastic period in Egypt. In this study, five vessels from the collection were analyzed and their shapes and dates determined. The vessels were dated to different periods of Egyptian history, and it was found that the shapes of the vessels have changed over time. The study emphasizes the importance of archaeometric analysis in deepening the understanding of trade between Egypt and its neighbors in prehistory. [Extracted from the article]

Free‐form reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and composite components: Calculation of cross‐section values A resource‐efficient use of concrete as a construction material can be achieved by adapting the individual shape of a component under consideration to the stresses that occur and by arranging composite construction materials (e. g. reinforcing steel, prestressing steel or structural steel) in suitable areas of the component. Due to the advancing digitalisation in the construction industry, for example in the context of Building Information Modeling, computer‐aided 3D modelling methods are increasingly being used in the planning of structures. These allow engineers to design components in free form. In reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and composite construction, the design of such components is currently still associated with great effort. In the context of the development of a practical method for the calculation of free‐form concrete components, this paper presents a CAD‐integrated method for the calculation of cross‐section values. Cross‐section values are required as an essential calculation basis when real, three‐dimensional structural components are treated using simplified calculation theories, such as the beam theory. In this paper, the mathematical and numerical fundamentals of a method for the calculation of cross‐section values of free‐form concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and compound components are presented. The calculation method is based on flat geometric regions described by Non‐uniform rational B‐Spline tensor product surfaces, which can be extracted from solid models, for example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper inquires into Maximus of Tyre's theodicy (Or. 41). Contemporary scholarship tends to disclaim the philosophical significance of Maximus' speeches due to their opulent rhetoric and popularising style. Oratio 41—Maximus' speech on the problem of evil—might be suited to counteract such tendencies. The paper first analyses the different aspects of Maximus' theodicy within its Stoic-Middle Platonic milieu, then demonstrates, how Maximus always takes into account the main purpose of his orations—encouraging his adolescent listeners to choose philosophy as a way of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: Cue-exposure therapy (CET) is an intervention for relapse prevention in substance use disorders aiming at the habituation of the automatized response to substance related cues (cue-reactivity). Effectiveness of CET is moderate; possibilities to overcome some limitations through virtual reality (CR) are discussed. This paper summarizes the development of a study protocol for a VR-CET study, including a pilot study with n=17 smokers who rated the relapse probability of high-risk relapse situations. The paper closes with a discussion of obstacles and perspectives in the field of VR-CET. Method: The study protocol of a randomized-controlled trial using these scenarios is presented. Conclusions: VR-CET allows to overcome practical limitations of CET in relapse prevention in smokers. The need of and possibilities to individualize VR-CET scenarios and their boundaries are discussed. A validation of the VR-CET results is required to improve the practical VR-CET application in relapse prevention in substance use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mechanically consistent approach for stability verification of timber beams in compression and bending around the strong axis, part 1 – derivations Slender timber beams in bending can be designed using different methods in view of out‐of‐plane stability. Lateral torsional buckling may be verified either using the so called equivalent member method or by means of 2nd order calculations, considering equivalent imperfections. However, at present determining the lateral torsional buckling resistance using either of these both methods, leads to different results. In this paper, the background of both verifications is investigated in deep. Moreover, as an alternative approach, a non‐linear calculation with an imperfection shape in affinity to the critical shape is presented in part 1 of this paper. If the curvature amplitude is scaled, the same results as by the equivalent member method are achieved. It is shown that plasticity effects can be considered with high precision as well. In part 2, results of experimental tests on lateral torsional buckling of glued laminated timber and laminated veneer lumber beams are presented, with nearly ideal boundary conditions and load remaining vertical through‐out the test. Based on these test first tentative values can be obtained for the imperfection compatible with the alternative lateral torsional buckling approach presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modelling of the CUBE's TWIST shell This paper gives an overview of the main procedures prepared during the phase of the project development within the field of numerical modelling and design. The roof shell elements represent itself twisted shape that together with complicated structurally demanded inner structure forms quite complicated configuration for the concrete volumes as well as for the used reinforcement. Therefore, custom developed numerical method was required to be prepared. For that, the software solutions Rhinoceros 3D and Grasshopper 3D were used as the main algorithmic environment. The paper additionally gives an insight of important aspects required for production of the formwork components, thermal insulation, biaxially oriented carbon reinforcing grids and other parts of the load‐bearing shells. Finally, the paper gives an idea how was established a collaboration with partners of the CUBE project in particular in the field of structural analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Beitrag bezieht die aktuelle schwedische Bibliotheksdebatte auf die europaweit entfachte Diskussion zur Verteidigung und Stärkung der Demokratie. Im Zuge der Kritik an Habermas' Öffentlichkeitskonzept, dessen frühe Version von homogenisierenden Vorstellungen geleitet war, wird nun versucht, demokratische Prozeduren und Repräsentationsweisen ausgehend von divergierenden Überzeugungen (Dissens) und länger anhaltenden Konflikten neu zu fassen. Der demokratiesichernde Auftrag – nicht nur – der schwedischen Bibliotheken zeichnet sich dadurch aus, in Krisen- und Konfliktlagen Informationen und Orientierungswissen bereitzustellen, ein sicherer öffentlicher Raum zu sein und sowohl das Personal als auch die Anwendenden mit Ressourcen auszustatten, die ihnen jederzeit ermöglichen, gesprächsbereit und handlungsfähig zu bleiben. This paper relates the current library debate in Sweden to the ongoing discussion across Europe about defending and strengthening democracy. In the wake of the criticism of Habermas' notion of the 'public sphere', which was guided by homogenising ideas in its early version, this paper now attempts to reconceptualise democratic processes and modes of representation considering divergent views (dissent) and long-term conflicts. Along with other institutions, the Swedish libraries follow the mandate to safeguard democracy by providing information and knowledge for orientation in situations of crisis and conflict, by being safe public spaces and by providing both library personnel and library users with resources that enable them to remain open to discussions and to be capable to always act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses principles to be essential in order to ensure a good supply for accredited laboratories including appreciation of the special specialist areas of diagnostic medicine in the laboratory, reliable framework conditions, and quality of laboratory supply.

Background: The causes of spasticity are various and include cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis or other congenital or acquired lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). While there is often a partial functional component, spasticity also results in varying degrees of impairment of the quality of life. Objective: A review of surgical treatment options for spasticity. Material and methods: A systematic PubMed review of the literature on epidemiology and treatment options with a focus on neurosurgical interventions for spasticity and developments in the last 20 years as well as inclusion of still valid older landmark papers was carried out. Illustration of indications, technique, follow-up, and possible pitfalls of the different methods for the surgical treatment of spasticity. Results: Depending on the affected region, the number of muscle groups, and the extent of spasticity, focal (selective peripheral neurotomy, nerve transfer), regional (selective dorsal rhizotomy), or generalized (baclofen pump) procedures can be performed. The indications are usually established by an interdisciplinary team. Conservative (physiotherapy, oral medications) and focally invasive (botulinum toxin injections) methods should be performed in advance. In cases of insufficient response to treatment or only short-term relief, surgical methods can be evaluated. These are usually preceded by test phases with, for example, trial injections. Conclusion: Surgical methods are a useful adjunct in cases of insufficient response to conservative treatment in children and adults with spasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "General Educational Science and the Problematisation of Pedagogical Knowledge - in the Age of AI" discusses the debate about the use of ChatGPT in higher education and emphasizes the relevance of General Educational Science. It is shown how this is realized as a "problem" in current forms of educational research. The article examines the impact of ChatGPT on university teaching and examination and discusses the opportunities, risks, and limitations of using AI models at universities. It emphasizes that the use of AI in higher education influences pedagogical processes of self-reflection and changes the shaping of pedagogy. The functions of General Educational Science and its relevance for problematizing pedagogy are examined, and the effects of algorithmic rationality on higher education are discussed. [Extracted from the article]

Efficient swallowing without functional and structural limitations is indispensable for adequate oral intake of food and fluids. Regardless of food consistencies, food forms, or tablet forms, the act of swallowing is an extremely complex movement pattern involving the participation of up to 100 muscles. Impaired swallowing can occur in many neurological disorders, with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases being the most common. With advancing age, various changes occur in the body that also affect swallowing function and physiology in healthy older individuals, a condition known as presbyphagia. This process becomes visible as early as the age of 65, with its intensity and prevalence increasing with age and potentially progressing into a clinically relevant swallowing disorder called dysphagia. Despite its clinical relevance, swallowing disorders in older adults are underestimated by primary care providers as well as by seniors themselves. This paper highlights the key elements of diagnosis and therapy of swallowing disorders in the elderly, which will gain importance in outpatient primary care and in the primary care of the aging population. Consistent and structured swallowing diagnostics and therapy are crucial to efficiently prevent aspiration pneumonia with significant health economic consequences, such as frequent rehospitalizations. In addition, intact swallowing is essential for efficient oral medication intake and their effectiveness, as medications that are not swallowed cannot exert their effects or their pharmacokinetics may be compromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new psychotherapists' law in Germany requires that future studies in psychotherapy enable students to evaluate the evidence base of psychotherapeutic methods based on established criteria. This article summarizes and applies the most important national and international criteria for evaluating the evidence base of psychodynamic psychotherapy including the criteria detailed in the Methods Paper of the Scientific Advisory Board Psychotherapy in Germany, the internationally influential criteria by Chambless et al. (1998) as well as the most recent criteria by Tolin et al. (2015). Criticism of the criteria for evidence assessment (e.g., the disorder-specific approach), current controversies (e.g., concerning the evidence base of long-term psychodynamic therapy and analytic psychotherapy, integrative psychotherapy frameworks versus specific treatment approaches), and the relevance of the participation of practicing psychodynamic psychotherapists in research projects are addressed. For the adequate assessment of the efficacy/effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy, especially long-term psychodynamic therapy and analytic psychotherapy, it is necessary to include longer follow-up periods and also to assess changes in accordance with psychodynamic assumptions about therapeutic change processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents editions of two small fragments of Christian papyri from the collection of the Bodleian Library, Oxford: Bodl. MS. Gr. th. g. 5 (P) and Bodl. MS. Gr. th. f. 16 (P). The first fragment deals with the two gates of heaven, the second with the subject of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since their inception, public libraries in the United States have been understood to be free for all to use. Yet throughout their history, socio-political currents and developments limited or barred access for certain segments of the population. The paper looks at the accessibility for women and Black Americans during the 1850–1950 period, taking into account the image of women in the Victorian and New South era, as well as the Jim-Crow segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay "A Gold Coin from Jastrzębniki, Kalisz District (PL). On Late Celtic Coinage in Central Europe" examines the continuation of gold coinage in Central Europe after the collapse of the Bohemian-Moravian oppida. The study focuses on three minting centers that imitated late Boii gold coins. These mints recycled popular shell staters with sun and moon motifs and also issued various small coins made of electrum alloys. The coins were circulated in the Oder and Vistula basins and likely had a regional prestige value. One reason for the disappearance of local coin traditions among the northern barbarian elites may have been the massive influx of Roman coins in the second century AD. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the results of a materials science analysis of artifacts from Grave 89 at the cemetery of Karzec in central Poland. The findings suggest a possible specialization in the metallurgical craft of the Lusatian culture during the Late Bronze Age. Reference is also made to similar burials in the Lusatian culture. The analysis of the casting molds shows different stages of production and indicates increased mobility of the craftsman. The results of the investigations are presented in the form of spectra and tables. It is recommended to conduct further research using modern analytical methods to verify these hypotheses. [Extracted from the article]

Gebrauchsspuruntersuchungen sind eines der wichtigsten Forschungsthemen in der archäologischen Keramikforschung. Von besonderem Interesse sind in Gräbern beigegebene Gefäße, die nicht zur Verbrennungsprozess gehören, da sie normalerweise keiner detaillierten Funktionsanalyse unterzogen wurden. Ihre Funktion wird meist anhand der Form und Oberflächenbehandlung bestimmt. Daher wird im hier benannten chronologischen Kontext allgemein davon ausgegangen, dass Grabkeramik speziell für Bestattungszwecke hergestellt und nicht für andere Zwecke verwendet wurde. Dies gilt insbesondere für andere Keramikgegenstände als Behälter, wie z. B. zoomorphe Gefäße, Figuren und Rasseln, die bei Bestattungszeremonien eine bedeutende Rolle gespielt haben müssen. Der Artikel präsentiert die Ergebnisse morphologischer, stilistischer und chromatographischer Analysen von Gefäßen, die in Lausitzer Gräberfeldern in den Bestattungen deponiert wurden, und hier solche, die auf der Fundstelle 2 in Czernikowice, pow. Legnica, Polen, gefunden wurden. Die Keramikgegenstände stammen aus gut untersuchten Grabkontexten der Montelius-Periode IV und V. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die meisten der analysierten Gefäße Kontakt mit Substanzen pflanzlichen und tierischen Ursprungs hatten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Opening of graves and turtles. The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis L.) from the cemetery of the Wielbark culture in Czarnówko and the question of posthumous interventions in the past" reports on the discovery of turtle remains in a grave of the Wielbark culture in Czarnówko. It investigates how this finding can be connected to the opening of graves and the presence of turtle remains. It is determined that about 90% of the graves in Czarnówko were manipulated after burial. Similar findings have also been made in other burial grounds in Central Europe. The presence of turtles in the graves is related to the phenomenon of grave opening, which has been observed in areas where body burial was practiced. [Extracted from the article]

The essay "Early agricultural settlement of the periphery of the loess uplands and its paleoecological context - a case study of the Iłża Piedmont (southern Poland)" examines the relationship between the settlement of prehistoric agricultural societies and the occurrence of local loess deposits in Central Europe. The results show that there was already a close connection between the settlement of these areas and the fertile soils, favorable geomorphological, and hydrological conditions in the early Neolithic period. The research findings indicate the flexibility and adaptability of early farmers, which allowed them to settle even less fertile areas outside the loess uplands. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the archaeological excavations in Brzoza, Poland, which took place from 2015 to 2018. During this time, 11,000 flint objects were discovered, which are attributed to the Late Paleolithic techno-complex with flint points. The excavations focused on exploring a dune barrier to find cultural objects in the primary deposition area. The findings show similarities with the Ahrensburg and Sviderian cultures, as well as the Bromme culture. The results of the investigations suggest that the findings date back to the Late Paleolithic period and are likely from the Younger Dryas period. The Brzoza complex plays an important role in the research of the Late Paleolithic in northern Poland. [Extracted from the article]