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Hackers and digital activists have fully entered the wars waged with digital propaganda, electronic sabotage, cyber espionage and software hacking tools. DDoS attacks, malware, ransomware, but also algorithms, deepfakes, trolls and bots are their weapons. This is how they participate in the hybrid war fought among States. In this scenario, it is alleged that the techniques for manipulating perceptions that exploit digital tools are fully included among the weapons of hybrid warfare, as they are capable of influencing the reactivity of the adversary. In this regard we speak of Cognitive War. This also means that information campaigns are no longer based only on traditional media, but also on digital media, social platforms and direct messaging channels. Among the tools of these campaigns, those of computational propaganda, used to change the mindset of the target, to generate fear, uncertainty, and doubt, are increasingly arousing the concerns of States. The reason is easy to understand: where public opinion is able to influence the choices of the warring parties, manipulation can change the phases of the conflict. In this paper we will try to describe the techniques of computational propaganda and how hacker activists and State hackers can use them. Indeed, in the global election year ahead of us, 2024, computational propaganda could represent a risk for the democratic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the educational value of the memory of some past events is important for pedagogy, not only because of the consolidated presence of some fixed appointments (such as the Day of Memory and that of Remembrance), but for reasons that can constitute a pedagogy of memory. Among the events that left deep traces in the imagination of the social community of Longarone there is the Vajont disaster, which occurred on October 9, 1963. In this paper you will learn more about the pedagogical reasons and the general structure of an educational project that has led to a series of educational and didactic actions with classes of all schools, of all levels, in the municipality of Longarone. The research project was carried out in collaboration with numerous stakeholders, including the City Administration, Educational Institutions and some voluntary associations, as well as a witness who was present at the time of the Vajont disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper draws attention to the pervasiveness of online hate speech in the social web, meaning all oppressive and discriminatory forms of expression and socialization. The recent data report a strong polarization and radicalization of the phenomenon. In this perspective, as recommended in some documents issued by the European Institutions, we highlight the need for networking that starts from strengthening the skills of training professionals necessary to know how to prevent and counter the phenomenon, creating "bottom-up" experiences that through the constructs of media education and peer education can promote the development of digital citizenship skills and belonging to a global humanity in favor of the protection of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper wants illustrate a methodological deliberation about teacher training based on the union between literature and theatre in order to achieve the literaly catharsis. Starting from an examination of the essential elements of this idea (theatre, literature and catharsis) the paper introduces a suggestion for teacher training as theater training where the link between reality, culture and live works to overcome the common point of view of theatre only as a show at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the relationship between poverty and digital illiteracy. The problem of the digital divide, which affects people living in disadvantaged conditions, especially those on low incomes, refers to critical factors such as illiteracy and digital exclusion. The increasing diffusion of technologies is progressively reinforcing the exclusion of certain socially disadvantaged groups, especially in terms of access and relevance of technology use. In fact, data show that where poverty rates increase, digital literacy is lower, as poorer people are less likely to be involved in literacy processes and to acquire skills that enable them to interact with the digital world. So, while digital represents a real opportunity for those most at risk of poverty, it also tends to penalise them, creating digitally disadvantaged subgroups. With the increasing digital integration in society, production, education, and everyday life, we are witnessing changes on an unprecedented scale. The paper focuses on the causes of digital inequalities and the inclusive policies that countries, governments, and institutions should offer to the whole population, especially socially disadvantaged groups, to improve access and use of digital technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the materials preserved in the archives of popular writing (letters, diaries, memoirs, autobiographies, postcards, photographs, etc.) make it possible to rethink and reconstruct the great events of the past from the point of view of those who experienced and suffered them first hand, through which tools will it be possible to rethink and reconstruct the present time? What will be the future of the archives of popular writing? Will they begin to focus on collecting new types of personal testimonies? This paper presents an exploratory study aimed at understanding whether the use of digital platforms favours the performance of uses and educational activities comparable to those developed through the use of the writings of ordinary people. Specifically, attention has been paid to Instagram and its use in the digital age in order to verify whether content published in the form of stories and/or posts could be recognised as possible didactic tools aimed at 'educating' about historical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the MUSA - Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action project, the article presents a multidisciplinary research aimed at understanding how to make the public space of the Bicocca District of Milan a place of participation and a context of continuous learning on environmental, economic and social sustainability issues. The paper returns a map of the research process to explain the methodological steps that have distinguished it so that they can be transferred and replicated in research paths that are similar in terms of content, objective, conditions and starting resources. Besides the methodological attentions, the article also shares the first results emerging from the literature review on the relationship between territory, participation, documentation and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers a review of the development of the work of Alberto Manzi, pedagogue, television teacher and children's book writer. Beginning with some choices made in the production of the well-known RAI program "Non è mai troppo tardi," it shows how the "maestro degli italiani" set much of his work focusing on the importance of the image as a medium in relation to the written and spoken word. The educator thus anticipated fundamental themes such as that of visual literacy, particularly decisive in a historical period in which visual media erode the secular power of print, basing his reflection on studies not only pedagogical but also iconological and mediological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyse the opportunity to promote the scholastic inclusion of pupils, through physical education. In the first instance, the historical process that has seen the transition from the concept of school integration of pupils with disabilities to that of inclusion through the introduction of regulations suitable for protecting the educational needs of each one will be explored. The potential of physical education will be explored through the structuring of new ways of designing and managing educational practice as an exercise of active and inclusive citizenship. Attention will also be focused on the mind-body binomial, with a view to the potential of the Embodied Cognition paradigm, which can take on a formative and pedagogically significant value, both by soliciting all those components of an expressive-communicative nature that support the union between body, mind, emotion, cognition and environment, and to further qualify inclusive processes in the context of ordinary teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the heuristic value of utopia and dystopia for teachers' pedagogical reflection. In this context, the Future Lab methodology appears to be a potential tool for supporting the creation of “spaces of meaning”: rest areas from a bulimic present to interrupt the performance loop and restore meaning to one's actions. To complement the work, insights derived from an action research project involving several high school teachers will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper emphasises the centrality of free will in the process of acquiring knowledge: indeed, freedom significantly affects the cognitive process and determines the basic attitude with which the human subject encounters the circumstantial reality in which he or she lives. The first three parts of this article were published in the March, April and May issues (NS7, NS8, NS9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ITS system is developing significantly. Strengthened by a thought that has its horizon in the fruitful dialogue between the world of training and the world of work, the Higher Technological Institutes will increasingly have a decisive role in guaranteeing such transition in an optimal way. The objective of this paper is to show how the ITS Academies represent an interesting opportunity of connection between training opportunities and the job market, summarizing the salient points of the evolution of legislation, and explaining its rationale, interrogating the available data from the reports that deal with the ITS system, and proposing the case of Mobilita ITS Academy as a best practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gap between junior high school and college is still a critical point within the educational debate. It is embodied in the lack of education and preparation for academic study within high school. In contrast, recent studies such as those of Chambers (2020) and O'Connor (2011) have shown how the interaction and presence of the university within educational institutions can bring progress on both sides. The goal of the following paper is to demonstrate how-in an Italian L2 context-it is possible to achieve results from both an educational and training perspective, using a method such as Service Learning. This is method that makes the community - together with the students and the university - an actor within the learning process. Preliminary research conducted at the University for Foreigners in Perugia is presented here. To collect data, a questionnaire consisting of objective and subjective items was administered to students, which were then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The data were represented graphically. From the analysis of the data, it is shown that the Service-Learning method could be useful and effective in linking educational institutions of various levels and achieving results in the continuing education of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an exploratory study conducted in Piedmont using semi-structured interviews with teachers, managers and family representatives in order to support the thesis that the initial secondary teacher education is a non-traditional factor of inequality with distorting effects on equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Law 92 of 20 August 2019 establishes the teaching of civic education as a "transversal teaching" (art. 2), not entrusted to a single teacher, but to the entire class council, which must plan a targeted course, focusing on the thematic nuclei indicated by the law (art. 3) and reduced in the curriculum through "competence goals". The paper presents an experience of interdisciplinarity between Italian and science, articulated in several stages. The didactic objectives were the development of the skills of reading and understanding texts, of writing and of reworking scientific topics. Individual work was alternated with collaborative work. Metacognitive reflection was promoted by integrating the different subject areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the evaluation of the definite integral of real functions of real variables that exhibit particular symmetries can be simplified. The proposal will then be substantiated through some application rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with a survey conducted at school by teachers and students not very recent, but current once again with the Russian invasion of Ukraine aiming to focus on the role of women in wars, through searching for direct family records pertaining to the years of WWII, in a perspective of civil resistance and beyond gender stereotypes. The analysis of collected data identifies some constants in the presence and action of women, through which it is possible to pass through scrutiny our past and present, against the persistence of a vision of war as men's business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading comprehension processes are not only essential regarding literacy competence and to learning to learn competence, but also, they represent a fundamental necessity as regards the citizenship competence. Based on a possible interpretative model, the Structure Building Framework, the paper examines some secondary students with learning disabilities' difficulties in reading comprehension processes. With reference to the scientific literature, some instructional approaches able to support these students' reading comprehension processes are exposed: in particular, text structure instruction, graphic organizers and summarization are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livia Romano's book, Community, published in 2023, provides a valuable overview of the uses of the word “community” in education. This paper aims to analyse the polysemy of the term, as underlined by Romano's book, emphasizing the significance and implications of an extensional definition of the concept. The term “community” is widely used in the field of human and social sciences, but it is also structurally ambiguous. This term has been a recurring concept in education, shaping reflection and educational practices throughout the 20th century. Different educational contexts use the term to indicate different practices, and it seems that there are distinct conceptions of what a community is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turing Test is a theoretical construction relying on assumptions that can be put in relation with a behavioristic philosophy of mind. ChatGPT seems to be coherent with such assumptions. In this paper my attempt is to try to show that actually these tenets are implicitly admitted in the most influential patterns of the traditional thought and also in the school activities. Nevertheless my effort is to sustain that it is possible to conceive of different models of thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reflects on the work of social services, which is effective when it is accompanied by an inalienable legal and, before that, ethical responsibility. However, this is not always the case. Chronicle facts reported in the Italian media since 2019 have described the ambiguous practices of some operators and are analysed in the essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the idea that 'meaninggiving' is the progressive outcome of an ongoing process and, therefore, a very complex psychic activity, in fact inseparable from the progressive construction of the personal self. The reflections contained in the essay move away from the representation that refers to the 'conferment of meaning' as 'an outcome of an intellectual type', a sort of 'crowning achievement' of intellectual and cultural formation, which would concern late adolescents and adults. According to this perspective, it would be an already conceptualised 'world view', like a kind of 'ideology' that therefore, in the opinion of many, today, could not/should not constitute a legitimate task of the school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheology is a highly interdisciplinary approach, transversal to all natural sciences and technologies. Chemistry plays a fundamental role in it: the models at the molecular level are the interpretative key of the observed phenomena. The mathematics used can be very sophisticated, however using only the elements of mathematical analysis and the fundamental concepts of structure and molecular interactions it is possible to develop a coherent and rigorous framework, certainly useful for the teacher and to the student of chemistry and of natural sciences. In this paper the principles of the viscometry of polymeric materials are introduced and the non-Newtonian behaviors of the pseudoplastic, dilatant, thixotropic, rheopectic and plastic types are discussed. Then, some cases of non-Newtonian behavior of commonly used polymers are considered. A very vast subject which often, due to its complexity, is not explored in school programs, but whose knowledge is increasingly required in current technological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the second part of the contribution published in the March issue of the journal (NS7). A description of the structure of our nervous system is proposed, followed by insights into subjective perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to illustrate the relationships between music, mathematics and architecture in the work of Iannis Xenakis through an in-depth study of three compositions: "Metastaseis" (1954), whose initial score was the inspiration for the construction of the Philips Pavilion; "Achorripsis" (1957) the result of probability calculus procedures; and "Herma" (1962), based on set theory. The intent is to demonstrate how the study of Xenakis's compositional thought can contribute to the construction of an overview of the humanities and mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents "The Big Game", a free training and gaming initiative on cybersecurity, digital awareness, and safe use of the Net and social networks, aimed at young people, carried out by the Cybersecurity National Lab of CINI (National Interuniversity Consortium for Informatics), under the sponsorship of the National Cybersecurity Agency - ACN. More than 30 thousand students have been involved so far, thanks also to the development of a network of high schools, which support these activities by accompanying their students in the different organized programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2018 European member states according to the first NIS Directive created their National Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT). CSIRTs manage cyber incidents and cyber threats targeting national digital assets and among their duties they also have to monitor the cyber threat landscape, in order to always have a situational picture and to foresee and anticipate the next cyber attackers move. The paper presents the methodology developed by the Italian CSIRT to represent the current threat landscape, defining, and describing what indicators and metrics are in place and how raw data are collected, processed, and analyzed in order to accurately depict the cyber threat landscape of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper illustrates the first results of the monitoring of the Rethinking College Program, a training course of the University of Padua that, starting from the literature on inclusive higher education, offers a relational and learning opportunity to young people with disabilities or autism spectrum disorder who leave secondary school with the attendance certificate. The results highlight the overall satisfaction of teachers, peer mentors and students: among the strengths are the positive relationships between peer mentor and student, and between the latter and the teacher. While the main critical aspect is the lack of relationships between classmates. A priority will be to activate training and supervision spaces to support peer mentors in their role as mediators of classmate relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to education in prison offers a chance for human growth in a complex and dehumanizing environment. However, the peculiarities of prison systems, together with past experiences of school failure, can constitute significant obstacles to knowledge access. To enhance accessibility, participation, and achievement, even within prisons, it is necessary to review teaching practices. This paper aids in the reconsideration of the teaching of mathematics for incarcerated adults or young adults. Drawing on Paulo Freire’s theories, we analyze the dialogues with and among prisoner students about mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meaningful increase in Special Educational Needs in school contexts has provided to underlining the importance of accessibility in teachinglearning processes. Especially, the typical difficulties of ADHD can constitute important barriers to educational accessibility and become a challenging event that introduces training needs for teachers. The paper describes the first results of a collaborative action-research project carried out with a group of teachers and interpreted from a from a transformative perspective. The collected data, in addition to highlighting the relationship between meanings and teaching action, reveal the value of reflective practices to promote teachers’ awareness of their role as mediators of educational accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between IEP and class planning through 34 interviews with primary school class and support teachers. The main findings, obtained through qualitative content analysis, show that teachers more frequently describe ways in which class planning is considered in the elaboration of the IEP than ways in which the IEP content is for class planning. However, when the IEP is considered in the planning for the class, it turns out to be an opportunity for differentiation for all pupils. Moreover, in many cases, it is the level of competence and (dis)ability of the pupil(s) that explains the possibility (or not) of linking the two plannings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the team competitions of the Mathematical Olympiad, an annual competition much awaited by students in Italy. The teams are composed of seven members and they train throughout the year and challenge each other with a competitive spirit. Mathematical team competitions stimulate collaboration in problemsolving and the playful aspect helps to fight the fear of mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mathematical Olympiad, or Mathematical Championships, is a major event for the Italian schools. The present paper aims to give the reader an overview of how they work, focusing on describing the main organization structure and analyzing them from the point of view of a teacher which is both a District Coordinator and a School representative. Finally, some thoughts on the impact of the project on the students and the whole school system will be set forth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitisation of childhood and adolescence represents a two-dimensional problem, affecting both the personal and the educational sphere. On the one hand, technology is integrated into children's daily lives from various ages and in different ways, with considerable disparities in the use of screen time. On the other, educational institutions are faced with a paradox: promoting digital tools and at the same time confronting their potential negative effects on learning outcomes. The paper explores the impact on developmental aspects, including cognitive, motor and emotional development, highlighting concerns about the increase in sedentary behaviour, sensory deprivation and the potential of digital devices to hinder interpersonal skills and school performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines education in the information age, proposing an informational perspective. By analyzing the epistemology of informational learning, I offer a framework for understanding how individuals acquire knowledge, highlighting the role of design and models in active and constructive learning. Following this, the paper presents the UDL and ODDE educational models, outlining their key features and potential contributions. I then showcase the practical application of these models through case studies focusing on the use of AI to develop personalized learning tools and inclusive environments. I propose EIML as a competence to address the abundance of information in learning and the need for the concept of reciprocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to conduct an at-tentative analysis on the challenges and opportunities sot-tended to prepare future generations so that they can easily adapt in a learning context characterized by constant fluidity and evolution. The School, initially oriented toward the unidirectional transmission of knowledge, is undergoing a process of redefinition of its status, configuring itself as an entity of a cultural and educational nature within the society of Conoscence. This metamorphosis requires a wideranging approach capable of recognizing and affronting, with adequate depth, the intricate human dynamics that shape the process of adoption and condition the effectiveness of digital technologies in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive Education represents a significant change in all educational settings, but particularly in the world of schooling. The importance of the school’s role in building a sense of belonging to a peer group and friendship network is central to students' Well-being. This paper aims to establish whether the use of digital technologies is accompanied by design that is capable of supporting collaborative learning as a basis for social inclusion. The research investigates the projects carried out in the ICT training of the specialization course for teaching support activities’teachers for students with disabilities at the University of Trieste in the years 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 through an analysis tool based on the DigCompEdu indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the relationship between poverty and educational poverty in the context of inequalities. The possibility of using the perspective of inequalities and forms of exclusion makes it possible to analyse educational issues as social issues. From a multi-perspective, if it is true that living in poverty leads to an inadequate quality of life, living in educational poverty implies looking at the effects produced at different levels on the cultural status of the population and reflected on society as a whole. After clarifying some of the causes of poverty, the article describes how the educational perspective constitutes the dimension that, more than others, can enable the marginalisation of some of the causes. If it is now well established how educational success is influenced by sociodemographic variables and the different forms of poverty, it is equally important to consider how this is one of the key dimensions for breaking out of the vicious circles of poverty, through the design and co-design of political, cultural and social interventions to design and produce solutions at micro and macro levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At school, the teacher observes potential skills of the students with disabilities, develops their performances in the context, encourages participation and relationships, creates an inclusive learning environment. The teacher uses observation tools to summarize essential information about the students and to design educational support interventions. This paper presents an observation guide ICF-based (2001; 2007), with the aim of confirming or changing the Functioning Profile of students in secondary school, and of drafting the Individualized Education Plan (IEP). A tool analysis was carried out on a sample of secondary school teachers (n = 580); the results show a good validity of the observation guide related to the ICF content domains and its theoretical principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital storytelling has emerged in recent years as an effective teaching technique. However, it is rarely applied, and one of the reasons is related to the time-consuming nature of making a movie. In this paper we look at a teaching model with which a class can be asked to make a film in cooperative mode and from the perspective of the Episodes of Situated Learning, with an investment of time comparable to that of more traditional techniques and with positive effects in terms of learning and inclusiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After establishing that educational institutions have the duty to respond to all the difficulties of the students, small or large as they may be and regardless of external signs, this paper describes the second phase of the process followed for the validation of a questionnaire on adaptive behavior for high school students. The questionnaire allows for the observation of four fundamental components of adaptive behavior: accuracy and precision, compliance, shyness, and the tendency to appear strong. Since the construction and exploratory analysis were discussed in the first part of the work, this article accounts for the second phase of the validation process of the questionnaire, aiming to provide guidance on how to use it [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present “Revita”, a language learning system designed at the University of Helsinki and available for free online. In particular, we focus on features for Russian language learners and teachers, showing how the tool can be a valuable aid for both self-study and classroom work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this paper is the resistance of Judaism to any classification according to conventional categories. If, after emancipation, there was an attempt to reduce Judaism to a faith with no national character, the possibility of considering the Jewish people as a people like any other seems no less problematic. In reconstructing some aspects of the complex debate on these issues, special attention will be paid to the positions expressed by Gershom Scholem, Abraham B. Yehoshua, and Daniel Boyarin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the study of the process of decodification of Francesco Petrarca's Canzoniere by a third-grade class of the Convitto nazionale Pietro Longone’s high school, in Milan. The school is attended by the ballet pupils of the Accademia la Scala. The proposal took place in an ideal context, favored by the participation in the competition “Quando i ragazzi ci insegnano”, organized by the Italian Ministries of Culture, Education and Foreign Affairs. The class's confrontation with the poetic text arose from an element common to dance and poetry: technique. In the contribution, it is hypothesized how familiarity with technique, present in the strenuous daily practice of ballet pupils, can foster in students an immediate understanding of its function in the work of layering poetic communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jack Kerouac’s archive was opened to the public for the first time in 2006. The Anglo-American writer was indeed born into a family originally from Quebec and raised in a French-Canadian neighbourhood in New England. French was the first language he had ever spoken. The aim of this article is to piece together the events that have ensued the author’s death, focusing on the legal battle for Kerouac’s estate and for his archive. The bibliographical research subsequent to these events has led to the acquisition of previously unknown documents within the Jack Kerouac Papers, of which we intend to present the organisation, accounting for the research done on the findings. These writings are remarkably valuable from a linguistic standpoint since they testify to the use of French in his work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

«Music begins where the possibilities of language end» said the well-known Finnish composer Jean Sibelius and today this phrase finds its strength in an increasingly global world, characterized by continuous challenges in the field of communication including the need to learn foreign languages from an early age. The aim of this paper is to explore, in a new interpretation, the potential of music in two roles: a vehicle for the transmission of cultural values and a useful tool that can facilitate foreign language learning and create transversal competence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many paths of study that could be carried out in the world of Dante, also from the pedagogical point of view. This paper focuses in particular on the educational significance of the entire design of the poem, enhancing the classical idea of the Comedy as "Itinerarium mentis in Deum", to deepen its educational aspects. The key idea that serves as heuristic intuition of all reflection is the correspondence between the three canticles of the Comedy (Hell, Purgatory, Paradise) and the three degrees of development of Charity, according to Thomas Aquinas, that are presented as three "ages of inner life" and, precisely, are: the level of the "incipientes" corresponding to childhood, the level of the "proficientes" corresponding to adolescence, the level of the "perfecti" corresponding to adult life. The reflection on the three canticles of the Comedy in this perspective involves a polysemic approach to the different levels of reading of the text, frequently distinguishing the narration of "Dante-Agens" (the protagonist of an imaginary journey into the Underworld) from the messages of "Dante-Auctor" (the poet-prophet who sends a message to every man on the path of spiritual life, to be accomplished during his earthly life). It is a path of spiritual formation, designed for adults (EDA) who live an experience of existential disorientation (the "dark forest") and for which is necessary a journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most relevant issues characterizing the debate related to technical-professional school pathways is the one which refers to the relationship between the different possibilities that social and cultural contexts offer to students and the outcomes in terms of expression of talents within a school that prioritises merit. In this sense, social disadvantage becomes a field of interest in relation to the concept of "merit" so as to guarantee equity and social justice. Therefore, the paper aims to propose a reflection on the characteristics of social disadvantage with particular reference to students attending technical and professional schools, in order to read and interpret this phenomenon from an inclusive perspective. A possible innovative approach for teacher education will be then proposed, aimed at equipping teachers with those teaching skills that are necessary to ensure the quality of these school pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]