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The following text takes an ethnological approach to explore the topic of Romanian women's emancipation in communist Hungary, focusing on historical, social, and political events that influenced their roles in society. Rather than a feminist or gender-ideological perspective, we will analyze writings published in the Romanian press in Hungary to gain insight into the experiences of Romanian women living in the communist society. Libertatea Noastră magazine, founded in 1951 in the Hungarian town of Jula/Gyula, placed great emphasis on highlighting the role of Romanian women from its very first issue. In a short time, the Romanian woman transformed from a peasant to a comrade in the spirit of socialist internationalism and proletarianism. The Romanian gazette published numerous articles dedicated to women's struggle for peace, new trends in child rearing and education, and issues related to the changing role of women. One of the articles also mentioned the transformation of Ana Sava, a simple peasant born Iuhas from Micherechi, into a comrade and poet who praised the Party and its leaders. However, like most articles in the communist press, these articles often presented a desired reality that was not necessarily true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review, interconnected with a previous analysis (Borsec mineral water baths: Spritzer/ blends/ spirits featured in the literature of the beginnings) lays on scanning the various ways in which the theme of beer consumption has been reflected in Romanian literature. Broadly, it encompasses three stages, not entirely distinct from one another: (a) the local prejudices, historically invalidated (as analysed by the 1848’s writers); (b) the realistic approach (which was mainly nurtured by members of Junimea society); and, finally (c) the somehow idyllic reconciliation (a dominant part of the work of authors in the XXth century). Among all three, the second one is, obviously, both of high interest and well-documented through examples and amendments, an approach that is closer to the real dynamics of the Romanian society and where authors like Iacob Negruzzi, Eminescu, Caragiale and others have shed light on the dark side of this seemingly benign behavior: hysteria, violence, suicide, crime, sexual abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the principles of writing the Romanian language in relation with the new orthographic dictionary. Phonetic, morphological, syntactical and etymological aspects led to the establishment of a system of rules in the Romanian writing language that can be easily learned and applied. Last year appeared the third edition of the orthographic dictionary regulating current writing. The Orthographic, Orthoepic and Morphological Dictionary of the Romanian Language (DOOM) adapts the writing of Romanian to current requirements, even if some double variants and also linguistic uncertainties are still present. The frequency of errors in today‘s press shows that publishers and journalists show a lack of professionalism, promoting media products of questionable quality, as well as the lack of trust in such valid tools that can improve correct writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania, the humoristic press had an exuberant period at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century: at that time, in Bucharest alone, there were over 300 satire and humoristic magazines or newspapers. During their existence, the magazines published in their pages quotations, epigrams, jokes, maxims, verses, sometimes accompanied by caricatures and illustrations, as well as a series of pamphlets, aimed at the elite of society and the political class. In some cases, the authors were sued several times by those who considered themselves defamed for the texts they published. The article features one of the most interesting humorous newspapers of the 19th century, The Scoffer Lark. This periodical appeared irregularly from 1890-1894 and reappeared, briefly, in 1896. Although it claimed to be a humorous newspaper, in fact, it was an opposition newspaper against the Liberals. The pages contained humorous, amusing and ‟racy" texts intended to embellish the electoral hypocrisy of the rulers. The newspaper's brief appearance shows us once again that the opposition press hasn't had a long history in Romania. Poems, pamphlets and humorous articles flood the pages of The Scoffer Lark, which wants nothing more than to reach its subscribers and to whip the elected representatives' morals through language. It is obvious that the humour gene seems to be part of Romanians' DNA. We pride ourselves on ‟making fun of trouble", and jokes or popular anecdotes have always been part of our heritage. Whether they come from the collective imagination or are creations attributed to various authors, such writings have often made their way into the pages of the Romanian magazines, as was the case with The Scoffer Lark newspaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper addresses a topic entirely ignored in the studies dedicated to the Roma people during communism times. I am interested to highlight how Roma were accounted for in the German speaking central press published in communist Romania. I am setting my research in the field of representation of otherness but I am setting the resulting rhetoric dedicated to the Roma in the context in which the journalists and the readership were also embodying an ethnic other that had to be surveilled and policed - it is true in a particular fashion and with other means -, by the Communist Romanian state authorities. Remarks concerning the Roma, made in a more or less fugitive fashion in various and scattered press articles, can be regarded as of secondary interests. They appear to be more likely to be a pretext to debate about the challenges encountered by the communist social engineering program. Publication of texts involving interactions between ethnics of different origins, including Germans and Roma, was also a communist journalistic strategy to propagandistically present the advancements made with regard to a provocative social issue which had been wrongly addressed by previous political regimes. In the following pages, I am examining the narratives of the articles published in the "Neuer Weg" and its yearly almanac for a period of fifty years. The objective is to illustrate how Roma were instrumentalized in a propagandistic campaign to reshape modes of thinking of the Germans from communist Romania. Different references to Roma were exploited to nurture a collective feeling of common belongingness to an imagined working - class society that had to transcend preexisting ethnic prejudiced thinking. Hints to sensitive topics like the slavery or the radical wright wing exterminations policies against the Roma were referred to in a cunning attempt to convey to the German readership a sense of guilt, and, thus, to neutralize its eventual reactions in the context of collectivization, systematization, educational, policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In critical periods in the history of the Romanian people, their struggle to preserve their national identity proved to be a continuum, a value axis from which no generation of Romanians abandoned. The different strategies developed to achieve the goal represented by the realization of the Romanian unitary state surprise with the attitudinal-behavioral constant, the depth of the patriotic feeling, of the consciousness of nation and country. Among the institutions that have been involved in preserving the identity of the Romanians in Transylvania, the Church has a place of honor. The efforts supported directly, but also indirectly, respectively through the confessional press by the Orthodox and the Greek Catholic Church had a significant contribution to the awareness of the nationality of the Romanians in Transylvania occupied during the Austro-Hungarian Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships between journalism and sustainability are seen as interdependent and mutually beneficial. On the one hand, sustainable development also includes a free, autonomous and strong press that can support itself economically, and on the other hand, responsible journalism brings the problems of the current world to the public and it can also involve experts to talk about the solutions possible to these issues, which generates a media discourse about sustainability and resilience now and in the future. The present paper examines the conceptualization of constructive journalism, interrogating, at the same time, its normative and societal role, as well as the resistance of this alternative direction, in the current context, marked by political instability and post-pandemic economic crisis. In Romania, the DoR experience, its course, but also the announced end of this journalistic project, shows the difficulties that constructive journalism encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright and related rights, regulated by Law no. 7/1996, constitutes a research topic for specialists in the field of journalism, as well as for those in the legal field, both for theorists and for practitioners. This article presents the issue of the incidence of copyright in the case of journalistic creations. The focus falls on the border between press materials that benefit from the rights conferred by Law 8/1996 and exceptional situations from protection, with examples from the practice of national courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is based on the hypothesis that the poetic intensity of Nezâmi’s Haft Peykar stems from the entanglement of the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real. Our goal is to prove that this romantic epic unveils beauty through its reflection. Thus, first we pose on the structural and thematic implications of the Imaginal. Then, we seek to elucidate the symbolic meaning of the legend told by the Slavonic princess. Finally, we try to demonstrate that beauty is epiphanized through metaphorical images with symbolic value. One is the gemological metaphor, in particular that of the two par excellence gems of beauty: the pearl and the ruby. Another is the vegetable metaphor, in particular that of the two par excellence plants of beauty: the rose and the cypress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All over the world investigative journalism involves tremendous risks. Attacks and aggressions aimed to intimidate, humiliate, or discrediting journalists and even to undermine the credibility of the media are a growing phenomenon in the digital world. Threats to the freedom of press include various types of intimidation, harassment, or attacks, while women journalists often face gender-specific forms of violence. In this study we investigate the most common forms of intimidation and pressure that journalists face in Romania: attacks from the politicians, intimidation through lawsuits, aggressive reactions from the public, various types of digital harassment including hacking, doxing and identity spoofing, online sexual attacks against women, physical violence. Any form of aggression, besides the direct effects on victims, represents threat to the freedom of the press, and must be publicly denounce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biblioteca copiilor şi a tinerimei from the period of the Great Union is a historiographical research on the promotion of this weekly magazine in the press of the time, which can give us an understanding, from a cultural perspective, of some aspects of the past, starting from a series of documents. The paper also presents a documentary study by approaching from a librarianship perspective of the advertising for the "biblioteca copiilor şi a tinerimei" magazine, as a bibliographic unit, in the newspapers gazeta bucureştilor (1918) and adevărul (1919, 1920, 1921), two of the most popular newspapers among the population. In the reference year 1918, crucial in the accomplishment of the Great Union, adevărul was suspended by the German occupation command and in compensation was chosen the daily gazeta bucureştilor, opposed as ideology and political support. The object (the newspaper) and the subject of the research (the magazine) are bibliographic units that are preserved in archives and libraries, consisting in cultural goods with an important role in the national history and not only. The study of advertising for biblioteca copiilor şi a tinerimei magazine, in the press from the Great Union period, comes to confirm or invalidate the role that the magazine has in popularization of culture among the masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to analyze the evolution of religious discourse in the pages of the journal Calendarul “Bunului creștin” published at Sibiu between the years 1944-1949. The speech is a deeply anti-communist one where the idea of national unity, of preserving the Orthodox Christian faith, defending the values of the nation (homeland, family) and obeying the orders of the King, the Head of State and other rulers is supported. The predominant news of the war is a sad reality: the deportations of Moldovan peasants from Transnistria to Siberia and their joy, and that of the Russian people, at the liberation by the Romanian Christian armies. The fact that in this periodical, which appeared with the blessing of Metropolitan Nicolae of Transylvania, indirectly shows his position on communism and war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies some aspects concerning the representation of the Romanian medical system in mass media. The analyse concentrates on investigative journalism, on reportage. I have chosen to examine a series of reportages of the Romanian press, starting from the articles of Brunea-Fox, to articles that are dedicated to Colectiv nightclub fire and the Covid-19 pandemic. The methodological directions which were chosen – the analyse of linguistic elements, the typology of the titles, as well as the Romanian hospitals’ images – they will relieve the negative connotations of the representations of the medical system in mass media, in crises moments, and sanitary disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of projects dedicated to the digitization of newspaper collections in libraries and archives has risen continuously in recent years. The main focus is on securing German-language press inventory outside of the German-speaking area, which often cannot be copied due to the aging process, and – with a view to developments, cross-connections and research approaches – making them available for broad use for future independent investigations. Through various funding programs, the ministries responsible for education and research and national research infrastructures also work to keep this cultural heritage alive, to digitize it on a larger scale, to develop it and to make it internationally accessible. The article therefore shows some of the noteworthy newspapers and magazines of the German minority in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe and some efforts for documentation of the German minority press in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political struggles, both inside and between political parties, have not uncommonly been a source of satire for the written press. Therefore, the interwar period does not make a discordant note, the magazines of satire and humour noticing the small personal quarrels between the members of the parties, as well as between the leaders of the most powerful parties. All this took place in a context in which with small steps anti- Semitism is progressively noticeable, and the fascist movements took strong roots in the countries close to Romania. The Transylvanian based (Cluj-Napoca city) magazine, Cucu (Cuckoo), surprises with humour, from a perspective that we can call "making fun of trouble", various political, social or economic situations that marked the period of the ‗30s in Romania. The purpose of the study is to bring to the public's attention how pamphleteers acknowledge the often-comical actions of politicians, the perversion of the political class, political backstage games, while ordinary citizens stared helplessly at the every so often, unfavourable changes around them. Last but not least, in these funny circumstances, real problems of the interwar society and political class come to light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irony represents a fundamental element in satirical press. The most well-known form of its expression is the intertextuality. This article brings in discussion the titles from satirical press which are based on intertextuality. The examples absorbed in study, concerning the Romanian press, are references to fiction, music, arts, history and religion. We will try to demonstrate how the intertextual pictures will become levers in the hands of the journalists, regarding this kind of direct and grossed ironic references which have the persuasive and captatio benevolantiae purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiple relationships that journalists set up in their daily work are not always free from the dangers of misunderstandings, conflicts, disagreements, including those with information sources. It makes more difficult the documentation process and, ultimately, the realization of a journalistic material which purpose is to inform the public about topics of great interest. These situations of unequivocal, unsafe interpretation sometimes generate a critical attitude towards media activity among the public, with obvious consequences: lack of credibility of the press, suspicions of partisanship, ironic attitude towards the press, etc. This multitude of sensible situations and attitudes, not exactly appropriate to a transparent journalistic activity, has led to the study of the phenomenon of conflict of interest in the journalistic activity, a phenomenon, also present in other fields of human activity, from the perspective of approaches, deontology definitions etc. The article below tries to reveal all the characteristics of conflict of interests in journalistic activity and possibilities to avoid it and to keep the profession's image on the corresponding level of ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since he was a high school student in Bucharest, Constantin Noicawas fascinated by Lucian Blaga's philosophical, poetical, and dramaturgical evolution.Between the Two World Wars in Romania only few people managed to understand vision in Lucian Blaga's theater. More notable is the precise intuition withwhich the young Constantin Noica noticed the value of Master Manole,which was played both in Romania and in Switzerland. Later on, this was considered tobe Lucian Blaga's most outstanding dramatic play. In the decades to come, Professor andAcademician Lucian Blaga kept Constantin Noica in a high esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to exploit the way in which the daily life of Romanians, in the first two years after the Great Union, is reflected in the satire and humor press of the time, Furnica magazine. The magazine, through the ironic, satirical and humorous pamphlets, exposes the situations most commonly encountered in the years immediately following the Great Union, such as rising inflation and speculation, the corruptibility of public officials, the disinterest of the politicians towards the real needs of the population, immorality, and infidelity and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satirical Romanian press use irony form with the purpose to transpose realities in acid writing and to reform the problems which exist in our society. This study presents one of the most known ways to express irony: intertextuality. Through a series of examples extracted from the satirical press we will try to observe the role that the parody and the pastiche - as important elements of the intertextuality - hold in the expression of irony, but also the impact that they have on the reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has an interdisciplinary character by approaching from a librarianship perspective the advertising of textbook, as a bibliographic unit, in the press published in the times of the Great Union of Romania. The objective is to identify the ways of promoting the textbooks in the pages of the representative newspapers and magazines and to analyze how this promotion was done. The following collections of newspapers were studied: Neamul Românesc (1918), Adevărul (1919-1921), Universul (1920) and the magazines: Ilustrația neamului nostru (1919-1921) and Bibliografia (1920-1921). The study of the newspapers and magazines seeks to identify, analyze and explain how the notion of textbook appears in the advertising sections, and provides an image of the topic of book in general, and school book or textbook in particular. The advertising in the press published in the times of the Great Union not only reflects the editorial product itself - the textbook, but also builds the cultural value of the product in the readers mind, thus contributing to the phenomenon of literacy and culture popularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the anniversary year 2017 (150 years since the establishment of the Romanian Academy) the third part of the Volume V of the Romanian Periodical Publications was published, a result of over 100 years of research and synthesis of bibliographers from the Romanian Academy Library. Volume I, dedicated to periodicals from 1820 to 1906, coordinated by Nerva Hodoș and Al. Sadi- Ionescu, appeared in 1913; volume II (1907-1918), coordinated by George Baiculescu, Georgeta Răduică and Neonila Onofrei -- in 1969; volume III (1919-1924), coordinated by Ileana Stanca Desa, Dulciu Morărescu, Ioana Patriche, Adriana Raliade and Iliana Sulică -- in 1987; volume IV (1925-1930), coordinated by Ileana Stanca Desa, Dulciu Morărescu, Ioana Patriche, Cornelia Luminița Radu, Adriana Raliade and Iliana Sulică -- in 2003. Given the large number of periodicals published between 1931-1935, the volume V, coordinated by Ileana Stanca Desa and Luminița Radu, appeared in three parts, alphabetically organized. The launch of the volume took place at the Academy Library, on 20 December 2017, an event attended by librarians, academicians, literates and editors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moldovan society, that has many gaps, contradictions and divergences on the road to European integration, faces serious media challenges. The mass media play a central role in this process through the functions they perform. The research comes to demonstrate the thesis according to which an adequate information of the citizens on the European Union, necessary condition of the process of European integration, is disturbed by many destabilizing factors both objective and subjective. The concentration of the media, the political control, the proliferation of Russian televisions, the new media propagate harmful phenomena such as manipulation, propaganda and misinformation, aiming at compromising the European vector of development of the country. At the same time, a serious problem is the violation, for various reasons, of the ethical standards of the journalism, based on European values and practices. The European integration of the Republic of Moldova can be a successful process if they are ensured the freedom and pluralism of the media, based on a reformed legal framework and massive media support to prepare public opinion favorable to the integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shortly after the application of the Organic Regulation (1832), the Iași city was affected by a great fire, in 25 June 1833. The outbreak of the fire was probably caused by human neglect and excessive hot summer, drought and strong wind caused fast spread out of flames on a large urban area. However, as in many previous cases, legislative, urban and administrative deficiencies have been the main causes that have led to such catastrophe. The fire affected a densely populated and relatively wealthy area of the city, were there was also an old and important commercial centre: Târgul de Jos [the Lower Market]. Besides the 262 houses and shops, the fire destroyed two churches, the Jewish hospital and the Habsburg Empire consulate. This time, the authorities' involvement in helping the victims of fire was quick and well organized, a special merit in this regard having an Aid Committee. This Committee has been involved in collecting and distributing donations, helping the most vulnerable people, including widows, beggars and Gypsies. The fire of 1833 revealed, once again, the deficiencies in the application of fire prevention and fire measures. A positive aspect was the fact that, unlike other previous cases, this fire was reported promptly and in details in the official press of the Principality of Moldavia. The press has also been an effective means of government to encourage the population to do charity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The events preceding the First World War triggered a revival in Romanian foreign policy, oriented for three decades towards the Central Powers. The actions of the Vienna Cabinet -contrary to Romania's interests -during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913), but especially the situation of Transylvanian Romanians, under the rule of the dualist Hungary, prompted the beginning of Romania's reorientation to the Entente. The great powers of the Entente, especially France and Russiasought to take full advantage of the deterioration of the Romanian-Austro-Hungarian relations. Russia was most interested in weakening the influence of Austria- Hungary in the Balkans and to draw Romania on the side of the Entente. As a result, the visit of Russia's Tsar in Constanţa on 14 June 1914 produced the most vivid agitation in German and Austro-Hungarian diplomatic circles due to the advances that the powers of the Entente made in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

„Musa” magazine was the longest and most important journalist approach of the student elite from the Andrianian Institute in Sibiu, catalizing, through its lines, all the national feelings and intellectual propensities of the Transylvanian youth. Compared to the first published journal, „Speranţia”, the sheet „Musa” had the full support of „Andrei Şaguna” Reading Society and of the teaching staff, which thus contributed to its longlasting appearance. Thanks to its content, it can be seen that it was not only a passive witness to the troubled historical events during the Austro-Hungarian dualism, but an active and involved participant in the fulfillment of the national desideratum of 1918, the unification of all the Romanians. On the other hand, the publication also represented a genuine training laboratory from the perspective of academic preparation, due to the multitude of topics and areas approached, with much accuracy, which can always give it a high position in a journalistic taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the issue of an “impact vocabulary” in the local Sibiu press, used to attract and impress readers. The articles chosen for the research refer to the demonstrations at the beginning of the year, grouped under the Resist slogan. In these articles, different forms of the „impact” vocabulary are identified: political, social, historical, superlative forms. It is interesting to observe their role as well as the way they have been integrated into the text of the articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to carry out the journalistic act, the journalist must cover two stages: the search for information and the arrangement of the information in a form that can be presented to the audience. So as to the journalistic product to be understood and appreciated by the public, the journalist must follow certain rules regarding the collection of information and the drafting of journalistic texts. However, the journalist has the freedom to organize the information gathered from his sources in the manner he considers best suited for publication. Thus, he can give the theme under discussion the shade that he wants. At the end of February 1901, there was a murder that made the country rage. The whole story was known in the time as the ”Candiano affair”. The public's interest in this affair was mainly due to the people involved in it. What we are interested in is how the press of that epoch presented this affair to the public. In order to accomplish our work, the newspapers L'Indépendance Roumaine and Adevărul were chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evokes, in a kind of palimpsest, the efforts and demarches of the students of the Andreian Theological and Pedagogical Institute from Sibiu to publish a journal. Their journalistic activity was also corroborated with the founding of a library and a Reading Society, which would bear the name of the worthy Metropolitan and Saint Andrei Șaguna. All three desires have been fulfilled, and have taken note of History, in particular, with their cultural presence. Although only in the manuscript and in an internal circuit, the journal “Speranția” was the first publicistic achievement of the Romanian students from all over Transylvania. The period of issue was short, only three years, but it was a pattern for future generations. Moreover, it can be noticed that the journalistic preoccupations of the academic predecessors were as interesting, intellectual and current as those of today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lexically speaking, five major themes sprang out from the arguments between the editors and the collaborators: the unification of the language, borrowings from other languages, the elimination of useless terms, the writing of a dictionary by the Romanian Academic Society and the publication of meanings and etymologies in order to master the meanings and the evolution of words. Solving the problem of borrowings brings about many arguments and points of view. We remarked various ways of solving this problem. Each and every intellectual agreed that borrowings are necessary. They also agreed that the enriching of the vocabulary must be done by means of borrowings, according to the specificity of our language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian press during post-communist transition to democracy has been affected by a lack of axiological landmarks and specialized human resources, and confusion, but there was also a strong desire to overcome these major limitations. After 1990, there has been a dramatic growth in the Romanian mass-media (the number of new publications has increased), media has diversified and, eventually, came out of state control, despite the largely unchanged mentality of the Romanians who lived in totalitarianism. The recent history of press shows us the kind of dilemmas and obstacles journalism has had to overcome in a country emerging from communism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its sporadic occurrence (12 issues printed in January 1821, 1829-1830 and 1834) the Almanac "The Romanian Library or Collection of many useful things made in 12 parts, the first time being translated by well-learned men and printed for the Romanian people", edited in Buda, by Zaharia Carcalechi, has laid the foundations of the Romanian journalism. In its pages appeared the first studies of Romanian history and translations of studies of universal history, the first cultural and literary chronicles and the first lithographs depicting rulers from Moldavia and Wallachia. Including old Romanian periodicals in a Digital National Archive could help to promote them into the international information flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the turn of the twentieth century, the Caransebeş Diocese printing activity was popularized through the Diocesan Bookstore, one of the most important cultural institutions from the Romanian South-West territory. Beside the religious printings, through the Diocesan Bookstore numerous works were made available to people from Banat, being written by Romanian authors that lived beyond the Carpathians. This contributed to the formation of a national and religious consciousness among Banat‟s communities. Because of the major impact it had in sustaining the religious and cultural activities from the region, organizing and developing the Diocesan Bookstore was a permanent concern of the Caransebeş Consistory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stanciul Tomovici or Popovici was a gifted typographer and remarkable xylographer who printed 20 books and signed 15 woodcuts in the typography of Bucharest's Mitropoly, between 1779 and 1809. One of the woodcuts is dated to 1781. As a xylographer he appealed to themes previously engraved in Romanian books or in Ukrainean ones. Sometimes he proved to be an inventive spirit, executing works different from those which had been accomplished earlier or in his time. In the 2nd half of the 18th century, the xylography of Bucharest was deeply marked by the activity of two craftsmen: Grigorie Ieromonah şi Stanciul Tipograf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being a cultural magazine that served as an official organization of The Transylvanian Association for Romanian literature and the culture of the Romanian people (Astra), Transilvania has abundantly published information on books. Without doubt, most books were linked to newly published books or to the ones that were in the ongoing process of printing thanks to the Association, but nevertheless information on old Romanian or foreign book could also be found. The primary purpose of this research is to present the way in which Transilvania magazine has understood to support bibliographic information and the way it focused, or not, on old books. Our study is based on data gathered from the magazine but also on bibliographical sources, edited or unedited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim is to inquire about the link between the public space, his conditions and the ways that the journalist use some strategies to manipulate by writing in the newspapers the editorial. The concept of public identity suppose a double reference: political and existential reported to the common identity of the individual. Public identity is a border -concept for defining the identity in the context of the conscience of otherness. The editorial, by the main issues that put in his textual body, became a mirror of the society and also contribute to the coagulation of the public identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 19th century, and especially its second decade, represents an essential stage in the historical process of the modern Romanian State foundation. The years 1859 and 1877 are distinguished as reference years in the history of our people. The former is the year of the First Union of the Principalities, while the latter is the year when the Romanian state gains its independence on the battlefield. In an era in which national autonomy becomes a stringent issue for most European states, Romanian press focuses mainly on the attempts of the Romanian political class towards territorial unification and the gaining of independence. Following the Berlin Peace Conference our country is imposed, as a price for its independence, to give up three counties of Southern Bessarabia (Cahul, Ismail, Bolgrad) to Russia, a situation that was thoroughly debated in the newspapers of the time. This study aims at analysing the importance given to the Bessarabia issue by the Romanian press at the end of the 19th century and the way this issue is treated by four publications, considered representative for the Romanian journalistic discourse of that time: „Românul”, „Timpul”, „Voința Națională” and „Epoca”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many specialists have studied the "Printing Revolution", as well as the importance of the production and the trade of books. Images of Romanian cities have been made on a wide range of supports, but the vast majority of them were printed images. The oldest images of Romanian cities were the views of Oradea and Cluj, from Georg Brauns Civitates Orbis Terrarum, made by Georg (or Joris) Hoefnagel, artist born in Antwerp. The work itself is strongly related with this famous centre, trough Abraham Ortelius's Theatrum orbis terrarium, printed there. While Civitates and Hoefnagel's activity is well known, Gaspar Boutats, Jacob Harrewijn and Jacob Peeters, who as well represented cities from nowadays Romania, are almost unknown to Romanian historiography. Their images seem to be "head series" for a type of representations that circulated for two centuries. This paper intends to study these images, together with the books in which they have been printed. Both images and books were created in the 17th century Antwerp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second part of the stated theme is dedicated to information about George Bariţiu's journalistic activity (the first issue of the "Gazeta de Transilvania" of March 12/24, 1838 published the editorial programme, developed by Bariţiu), who carried out an extensive journalistic activity which reflected the cultural, linguistic, historical, literary, economic, political, and social interests of the time, and about the activity of the Mureşianu family (Andrei Mureşanu, Iacob Mureşianu, Aurel Mureşianu, Elena Mureşianu) involved from the beginning in supporting the publications issued in Braşov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

loan Chirila columnist marked romanian media such as Brâncusi influenced universal art" or "Ioan Chirila was as big journalist as Hagi was for romanian football". These comparisons have been attributed to Ioan Chirila. Indeed, the two go hand in hand with the great achievements of the journalist. But, simpler than that, we would say that everything started from Ioan Chirila. Why? Because he embodies excelense in sports press. It's not easy, as a journalist, to change something in sports press, but he did it. He becamed an exemple of conduct for all from his guild and an real model of journalist for those who wanted and still want to engage in sports journalism. Because of him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital media is a new way to practice journalism. This revolutionary change in news presentation has had a profound impact on the traditional methods of sports writing. As long-form sports writing was at one point of time the most exciting methods of spreading sports news. The need to merge different methods of communication has arisen in the arena of sports. They provide match previews, updates and post-match reviews on the internet as and when the match happens. The traditional sports writers have also recognized the need to branch out and provide instantaneous information to the voracious readers. It is an obvious fact that the electronic media beats the traditional means of sports writing (print media). It is important that this fact be accepted and recognised, and instead of looking at electronic media as a competitor, there is a need to look at it as a complementary factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present research is to identify the characteristics of a media event, while analyzing the particularities of the media coverage regarding the death of film director, Sergiu Nicolaescu. The research is based on one hand on the theoretical presentation of the concept of "media-event", and on the other on the analysis of the particularities of the recalled event. In the case study we try to place the event in question within the cathegory of "restorative events", while evaluating mechanisms used by journalists such as "to mythologize" and "to ritualize". Classifying in the category of "media events" is permitted only if we follow a set of specific traits that include: hypermedia, audience, general public mobilisation, press materials, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tries to analyze the last details regarding the appearance of Transilvania magazine. The last decisions were taken in the fall of 1867 and in the first part of 1868. The General Assembly of the Association periodic of 1867 had decided that the last details regarding the magazine were to be resolved by the Central Committee. It organized various sessions in which it tried to resolve the tasks given by the General Assembly in Cluj. The Central Committee decided, after fervent discussions, the name, the apparition style and the editor of the magazine. Choosing George Bariiu as editor of Transylvania periodic was not random. He was a strong sustainer of the magazine from 1861, and also a Secretary I of the Association, a position that had as task to draw up the official periodic of the newly cultural society of the Romanians from Transylvania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is an essay and an analysis of Alexandru Muşina's poetry, focused on his methods and his themes such as they are approached in his best-known long poem, Budila Express. Between the concepts that he used, such as experimentalism, irony, subversion, the such called trivial poetry, the author emphasizes the importance of satire, the main expression of Muşina's critical attitude. Thus, Muşina created an intelligent, social, comic though bitter poetry, masterfully learned and practiced. The article also shows how the communist environment and the censorship were incentives for poet's imagination and, on the other hand, how this biting game of hide and seek has become an important mark of Muşina's poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific preoccupations in the last period have led to new tendencies in history of the press, history that is more and more emphasized. Because of this, I tried to bring a contribution to it, analyzing the discussions carried out in 1861-1868 regarding the appearance of Association periodic, in the place where it was supposed to appear and the role that was to be followed in the recent founded society. This research tries to solve the issue of Transilvania magazine's appearance, magazine that although was foreseen by the statutes of the society did not emerge until 1868 after fervent discussions between the main players that were supporting it and those who did not believe in its usefulness. I divided this research into two parts. In the first part, I followed the evolution of the discussions carried out between the members of the Association periodic and control mechanisms of the cultural organization during 1861-1867, that also presented the decisions of the General Assembly of 1867 which led to the appearance of the magazine. In the second part I tried to resolve the issues regarding the editing of the magazine, issues that appeared in the fall of 1867 and in the first part of 1868. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study analyzes Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna's contribution to Transylvanian culture from a very particular point of view, observing his activity as a decisive cultural vector in the field of Transylvanian printing craft history. More precisely, the study aims at showing that Transylvanian cultural life has achieved a superior level of intensity afer the creation of a diocesan typography due to the direct involvement of the Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna. As a matter of fact, the national and spiritual development could not be achieved unless through the establishment of such means of promoting a cultural and national identity of the Transylvanians both as Romanians and Orthodox. This article presents the importance of both Şaguna's handwritings and printings in order to reach this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief research paper is in the same time a study of modern world history, but also that of compared imagology. The researched theme can be regarded as an unprecedented one because the study presents the image of a West European country reflected in the main Transylvanian newspaper from the modern period, "Gazeta de Transilvania". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief research paper is in the same time a study of modern world history, but also that of compared imagology. The researched theme can be regarded as an unprecedented one because the study presents the image of a West European country reflected in the main Transylvanian newspaper from the modern period, "Gazeta de Transilvania". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1700 Mitrofan, the Bishop of Buzău, printed the first partially Romanian Triode book. In the romanian printing tradition, the Triode is usually a richly decorated book comprising church songs and sacred chants of the pre-Easter season. The analyzed book is particularly lavishly decorated with masterly cut engravings, frontispieces, initials, vignettes and typographic ornaments. The article presents each group of decorative elements, details their peculiarities and compares them with ornaments in other Triode books from earlier or later periods. This religious book was published in several editions in all romanian printing centres during the 18th century and the article states that the 1700 Triode may have served as their initial model of decoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article aims at highlighting the place that satire, irony and humour own within press, mainly late XIXth and early XXth century press. Starting with the definition of their primary signification, the paper dwells upon the role that satire, irony and humour hold in exposing social and national injustice or the political abuses of this fervent period of the Romanians' history. Offering some concrete examples of domains that are constantly satirized in the pages of the humorous magazines of that time emphasizes the fact that satire, irony and humour represented the main tools that press used in raising readership awareness on the social-political realities that they were witnessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]