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The aim of this paper is to compare 19th-century Latin American novels about piracy with 20th-century novels about drug trafficking in order to demonstrate that organized crime creates its own sovereignty juxtaposed with state sovereignty and that both pirates and drug traffickers are constantly renegotiating their relationship with the state. The literary corpus from the 19th century includes El filibustero (1864), by Mexican writer Eligio Ancona, and Los piratas en Cartagena (1886), by Colombian writer Soledad Acosta de Samper; from the 20th century, Contrabando (1991), by Mexican writer Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, and La Virgen de los Sicarios (1994), by Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo. This paper is divided into two sections; the first section deals with the relationship between pirates and drug traffickers and the State. It discusses the attitudes of the writers towards the State and the implications of the State actors in the illegal business. The second section discusses the existence of juxtaposed sovereignties represented through the creation of the social imaginary of piracy and drug trafficking. Drawing on historical and political resources on piracy and drug trafficking, this paper aims to create an interdisciplinary environment to discuss organized crime in literature and its political influence on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute la conexión entre la Poesía de César Vallejo y el Tao Te Ching con enfoque en el taoísmo, el misticismo, la ambigüedad y las metáforas poéticas en la poesía. El artículo también se enfoca en el lenguaje y la cultura divergentes utilizados en la poética, la intuición unitaria y la apofática en la poética.

Based on the foundations that characterize fully constituted sciences, the article questions the scientific status of economics and discusses why various paradigms coexist within it, whose theoretical and methodological foundations conflict. The first part reviews the cycles of the predominant theoretical currents and analyzes the scientific rigor of the main paradigms; in particular, it examines the inconsistencies and ambiguities of the neoclassical paradigm, which, despite being currently assumed to be dominant, is far from satisfying the basic demands of scientific work. In the second part, the confluence of the different theoretical bodies is discussed, and the class, political, and ideological component of each one is contrasted. To meet the demands imposed by the advancement of economics as a scientific discipline, it must be assumed that economic theories are not politically neutral; that, beyond the preaching of pseudo-neutrality that usually masks apologetic desires, it is necessary to recognize the close relationship that exists between class interests, objectivity, and scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pérez-López (2018) identificó tres parámetros para evaluar la calidad de una organización: eficacia, atractividad y unidad (Ariño, 2005; Ferreiro, Alcázar, 2019). La aplicación de estos parámetros se ha llevado a cabo mayoritariamente en entornos estables, puesto que eran los entornos habituales cuando Pérez-López formuló su teoría. Las últimas décadas han estado marcadas por grandes turbulencias sociales y empresariales (Millar, Groth, Mahon, 2018). Este artículo repasa las tres dimensiones de Pérez-López para diagnosticar la calidad de una organización y sugiere pautas para su aplicación en entornos turbulentos. Pérez-López (2018) identified three parameters to evaluate the quality of an organization: efficacy, attractivity and unity (Ariño, 2005; Ferreiro, Alcázar, 2019). The practical application of these parameters has taken place mostly in stable environments, since this was the state of the world when Pérez-López developed his theories. The last decades have been characterized by big social and organizational changes and high degree of uncertainty (Millar, Groth, Mahon, 2018). This article reviews the three dimensions of Pérez-López to assess que quality of an organization and suggests some guidelines for its implementation in volatile and uncertain environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the idea that the study of peripheral phenomena or marginalia in language can shed new light on the interpretation of other, less marginal linguistic data. Specifically, it focuses on the joining or separation of linguistic elements, which is often considered a typically marginal phenomenon, but which constitutes one of the syntactic criteria for classifying verbal periphrases. For this purpose, interpolation, i.e. the separation of the two components of a periphrasis by another element, is examined in three specific cases: , and . The analysis offers clues for reconsidering interpolation as a criterion for the classification of periphrases. At the same time, the study makes it clear that, on the one hand, verbal periphrases are characterised by a type of syntactic ambiguity and, on the other hand, their semantic value is decisive in determining their periphrastic nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambiguous relative clauses with two possible antecedent nouns have been widely studied in Spanish since they cast doubt on the universality of syntactic parsing principles. Current research suggests that there is an early contribution of prosodic information in the disambiguation of this kind or sentences in oral comprehension and production tasks. In this paper we present two comprehension experiments of locally ambiguous relative clauses with two possible attachment sites in Spanish, in which different prosodic parameters were manipulated to yield either congruous or incongruous pairings of prosody and syntax, with the aim of testing their influence on listeners' attachment preferences of the ambiguous clause and on their response times. Additionally, fundamental frequency (F0) and temporal (pause distribution) prosodic parameters were manipulated in different subexperiments so as to assess their separate contribution to participants' performance. Our results confirm an effective and relatively early use of prosodic information by listeners during language processing. In particular, congruous prosody with syntax generally facilitates participants' responses, though this effect was found to vary across the two attachment options. Finally, F0 and temporal prosodic features were found to make a similar contribution to participants' responses, with few occasional differences between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a process to encourage and support the adoption of DevOps in small and medium software companies. The process was designed through the identification of elements suggested and identified in the literature through systematic mapping. The identified elements were harmonized, compared and integrated, resulting in a clear, homogeneous process without terminological conflicts composed of three sub-processes, roles, activities, artifacts, tools and process flows in BPMN as support for configuration management, integration, continuous deployment and monitoring from a fundamental and complementary approach of suggested practices. The proposed process was evaluated through a focus group made up of DevOps experts, who considered that the process is pertinent, clear, complete and applicable in small and medium-sized software companies. In short, the process describes a total of 82 activities, 16 artifacts, 9 roles and recommends 13 technological tools to support the automation of each of the activities related to each thread, which will guide professionals, companies and stakeholders to reduce the ambiguity and subjectivity in the understanding and adoption of DevOps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of transformers has been a subject to which much attention has been paid due to the importance it has in order to increase their life time and the quality of their exploitation. There are publications on techniques whose objectives are to predict the state of these machines. One of the tests used to diagnose mechanical defects in this equipment is the "Sweep Frequency Response Analysis" (SFRA). This article presents the SFRA tests carried out on two three-winding transformers in subtransmission substations. An analysis of each case is made based on the answers and results obtained, confirming that in the descriptions of the SFRA response patterns that make the standards for failure modes, there is ambiguity and it is difficult to discriminate between a mode of fails, another or perceive if more than one is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will try to provide good reasons that show the weakness of the arguments given by Contessa to support valid surrogate reasoning (SR) over solid ones as a source of representing. Firstly, I will analyze certain epistemic advantages of the criterion supported by solid SR, showing the limits of the criterion stipulated by Contessa. Secondly, I will show that the arguments given by Contessa to dismiss solid SR criteria are deficient since, at best, they do not demonstrate anything and, at worst, they either commit an ambiguity fallacy or a petitio principii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Environmental compensation is the final alternative to face the impacts of development projects that cannot be avoided, reduced, or mitigated. The offset of affected habitats or environmental elements usually substitutes ecologically equivalent resources. The Habitat-Hectare Method was initially designed to assess the ecological equivalence of native vegetation, and employs indicator scores relative to a reference habitat. The sum of these scores measures the structural condition of the environment against the reference, quantifying the number of hectares needed to compensate for the loss of similar habitat. Although it is not exempt from limitations, the values can be estimated from field data collected without ambiguity, in a reproducible way, with less bias than more qualitative methods. In this paper, we use a modification of the Habitat-Hectare Method to determine the equivalent area needed to compensate for habitat loss in a protected wilderness in Costa Rica. Methods: We worked in the Lomas de Barbudal Biological Reserve, north Pacific of Costa Rica, a protected wilderness where nearly 113 hectares will be flooded for the Río Piedras Reservoir. In a property previously identified as a potential compensation site, we assessed indicators for landscape, soil, vegetation structure, and ecosystem services; the scores were assigned in relation to the environment found at the flood site. Results: The environmental condition score at the compensation site was 44.7% (±15.9%) of the impact site. Consequently, considering the uncertainty in our measurements, compensating for the loss of each hectare would require between 2.23 and 3.49 hectares of a similar environment. Conclusion: Between 2.23 and 3.49 hectares of are needed to compensate for the loss of habitat in the Río Piedras Reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows some views related to analogical hermeneutics as a theory of interpretation in which the equivocity and univocity ends are avoided. Under this scenario it is of vital importance to take a historical journey through the notions of analogy and hermeneutics in order to show the relevance of this study. Above all, the aim is to avoid the polarizations that lead philosophy into undesirable grounds. Instead, a balance between absolutist exactitudes and complete ambiguity is sought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the children's story Tom, ojos azules by José Jiménez Lozano, through the study of the event, a central category in the contemporary short story as defended by the scholar Guadalupe Arbona Abascal. The analysis allows us to delve into the mystery of the story, discovering the richness of literary materials and the ambiguity of its reading as key aspects that explain the vivid and gratifying experience of the text for the child or adult reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: The article aims to discuss the concept of global governance as an analytical approach to international relations, by analyzing the components, scope and criticism Michael Zürn´s book A Theory of Global Governance: Authority, Legitimacy and Contestation, published in 2018. It proposes to discern the theoretical and conceptual innovations introduced in the book, and then to consider its criticism. On the one hand, the article analyzes the responses that the book received in the March 2021 issue of International Theory ; on the other hand, it explores the conceptual bridges between this work and the debate on global governance in Latin America, finding correlations between them. Methodology: This study is based on a discussion of secondary sources, resulting from a review of academic bibliography. Conclusions: The work suggests that the approach developed by Zürn expands the possibilities of theorizing about the transformation processes that take place on the international scene, revaluing the global governance approach as an analytical tool. It introduces in the analysis aspects that remain unexplained by traditional approaches. At the same time, it does not ignore the role of power, politicization and ambiguities in the international order. It manages to identify conceptual bridges with the Latin-American theoretical discussions. Originality: The article synthesizes the discussions around a recent work that introduces innovations regarding the use of global governance as an analytical approach, and links them to the debates in Latin American academia on this concept, deriving into a renewed approach to both its criticism and its explanatory capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thie present work, the result of a doctoral research, aims at designing a model of the linguo-didactic dynamics of translation, based on the treatment of lexical-semantic ambiguity produced by false analogues, as a linguistic phenomenon that conditions inadequacies in translation. Thiese inadequacies have been previously corroborated through a diagnosis made to translation students in Cuba, based on a translation test and the verbalization of protocols, which supports the need to deepen the approach to this phenomenon from a didactic perspective. Thie model, designed from the holistic-configurational method, allows, from the theoretical point of view, the improvement of the translatological practice in the classroom by highlighting the dynamic essence of the linguistic-cognitive and the didactic-translational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Word sense ambiguity is one of the major challenges we face when we carry out tasks related to Natural Language Processing, in particular those related to the processing of electronic language resources. In this study we address word sense disambiguation within the computing environment DAMIEN (Data Mining ENcountered). DAMIEN is an online workbench that embeds several techniques from different fields (corpus linguistics, statistics and text mining) in order to deal with text analysis to help in linguistic research tasks such as data collection, information retrieval and text classification, among others. By way of experiment, we carry out the analysis of the polysemic lexical units "cabeza", "cara" and "carta" in Spanish and present the results of the automatic disambiguation system developed with DAMIEN. Among the models that the environment offers we have deployed the supervised machine learning method with ingenious bayes algorithm because it has traditionally given the best results for automatic word sense disambiguation. It is a mathematical model that consists in extracting information from a corpus, setting from previously tagged datasets (training corpus), so that new datasets can be automatically classified by the system (trained corpus). It is important to highlight the flexibility and potentialities of DAMIEN for both the processing of electronic linguistic resources and the design of experiments in the field of natural language processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Law is a social-normative and linguistic phenomenon. For this reason it shares the characteristic of indeterminacy with language. The main manifestations of linguistic indeterminacy are ambiguity and vagueness, hence the need to resort to interpretation as the main tool for applying the Law. There are various theories on legal interpretation, as well as methods or interpretative canons to identify those interpretations that are valid, excluding arbitrary or irrational ones. In this article we have carried out a brief examination of the characteristic features of current law, the indeterminacy of law, legal interpretation and interpretive canons, as well as the main theories that have been proposed on the subject, to end by developing the interpretation criteria included in the Civil Code, in light of the doctrinal contributions found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defends the need to establish diachronic markings in the different lexicographic repertoires that overcome excessively simplifying approaches. Similarly, it advocates a more precise treatment of lexical obsolescence, which rigorously considers the age variable and establishes boundaries between the active and passive vocabulary, because the absence of a mark would imply, in principle, validity of the cataloged lemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I am going to analyze and criticize the proposal for conceptualizing the defeasibility of rules and the defeasibility of principles in the theses of Manuel Atienza and Juan Ruiz Manero. For this purpose, I will carry out a brief critical reconstruction of their proposal of distinction in order to indicate in a concise, clear and precise way how they understand the defeasibility of prescriptive norms. I will do that for the purpose of justifiying three points: a) the defeat of rules is better understood as a reinterpretative process of legal material; b) defeating rules is not equivalent to defeating principles; and c) the language of rules and principles presents the same operations and results as the language of recalcitrant experiences and axiological gaps, only that, unlike these, the first of the languages presupposes a prescriptive claim about how the language of the legal material should be understood. To achieve this objective, I will take the following steps: in section II, I will present critically the distinction between rules and principles, the notion of licit and illicit atypical act, and what it means to say that rules are resistant to principles. In section III, I will present that the reconstructed thesis suffer from ambiguity when they develop the notion of defeasibility. They present, on the one hand, a problem of superability between norms and, on the other, a problem of apparent relevance of a norm to solve an individual case. Likewise, I will offer a proposal to reformulate the defeat of rules from the theory of interpretation. Finally, I will end by showing that the language of rules and principles presupposes a normative thesis about how norms should be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores some of the angles of the ancient and complex relationship between History and Literature, with special attention on the episode of persecution and harassment of the Chinese community in Mexico, particularly in the northern region. Some of the texts that have been concerned with telling these events are reviewed, despite the willingness to keep them hidden and silenced; this examination is intended to explain the historical substrate that beats in Inés Arredondo's short-story "The Silent Words", the subject of analysis of the article. I use the notions of metaphor and ambiguity to try to explain how literary creation proceeds with the materials provided by history and how it builds an artistic image and a sense of recreated facts, always in adjoining and dialogue with the procedures of historiographical discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Maynard Keynes's (1936) concept of "animal spirits" or "spontaneous optimism" as a major driving force in business fluctuations was motivated in part by his and his contemporaries' observations of human reactions to ambiguous situations where probabilities couldn't be quantified. We can add that in such ambiguity there is evidence that people let contagious popular narratives and the emotions they generate influence their economic decisions. These narratives are typically remote from factual bases, just contagious. Macroeconomic dynamic models must have a theory that is related to models of the transmission of disease in epidemiology. We need to take the contagion of narratives seriously in economic modeling if we are to improve our understanding of animal spirits and their impact on the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Time of the Hero (1963) develops a history of adolescent experiences that takes place mainly in the Leoncio Prado Military Academy. It is interesting to appreciate how this coexistence was approached, characterized by the frequency of violence and the constant internal disturbances of the cadets. On this topic, literary criticism has carried out a variety of studies, which have been useful to understand the technical and thematic composition of the work. Given this, there is a treaty that I want to fluctuate, which is based on the effect generated by the narrative strategy of zero targeting. The understanding of this resource is important to explain how synchronic confusion occurs when wanting to recognize the statements and actions of the characters that are shown with a premeditated ambiguity. In this sense, this article will aim to detect which are those similarities and those differences that provisionally hinder the correct identification of the protagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout time, the study of typographical errors has been approached from a variety of fields, such as bibliography, textual criticism, publishing, metalexicography, psycholinguistics and natural language processing (NLP). However, typographical errors are inherent in written texts, and there is no multidisciplinary and allencompassing method for their treatment. For that reason, we present a theoretical review of typographical errors and their categorisation, especially from the perspective of psycholinguistics and NLP. On the one hand, some of the most thorough studies from the XX century onwards have been conducted in those two fields. On the other hand, there are remarkable similarities, regarding both the conclusions reached (e.g. the low frequency of errors in the first letter of words) and the limitations encountered (e.g. ambiguity in error categorisation). Thus, our starting point will be the theoretical distinction between motoric or execution errors (mistypings) and orthographic or cognitive errors (misspellings). Moreover, we will analyse the commonalities between the abovementioned disciplines when it comes to identifying the wrong operations (omission, insertion, substitution, and transposition) behind those phenomena. Finally, we will confirm that sometimes execution errors and competence errors cannot be distinguished in the practice of writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work tries to demonstrate that there is a lack of regulation in our country regarding intersex people, which leads not only to the ignorance of their existence, but also the protection of their fundamental rights is left in distress, resulting in medical intervention for the reassignment of sex, where genital mutilation becomes the most common practice to solve what society sees as an imperfectly born body, regardless of the patient's consent. There are rights that despite being invoked in the Constitution, cannot be alleged to the satisfaction of the intersex person. We are not talking about differential or privileged treatment, but rather one that aims to achieve the same results. Therefore, if we understand that fundamental rights correspond equally to every person, why in the case of intersex people this does not happen? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a customary topic on Spanish compound studies: the structures of pez globo and niño prodigio, and their classification as compounds or appositions. I propose that both structures are appositions (created in the syntax), even if they are provided with distinctive properties. I develop a suitable framework for characterizing the existing differences between both classes. In my proposal, globo establishes with pez a different syntactic relationship (one of direct modification) from the one that prodigio establishes with niño (a predication relationship). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We undertake a socio-legal analysis regarding the nature of asylum and its growing ambiguity given Mexico's historical tradition of solidarity towards migrants in need of international protection. We discuss the geopolitical situation regarding the migration policy of the United States and Mexico, and contrast it with how asylum has evolved within the legal regulations of the universal human rights and the Inter-American systems, as well as its relationship with Mexican regulations. We conclude that in order for the concept of asylum to be considered a human right, it must be redefined in Mexico to have greater scope in keeping with the current state of human mobility, in line with other concepts of international protection, such as refuge and supplementary protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the ambiguity of the stanzas 19-20 of the Libro de Alexandre, which refer to the rumor that the protagonist is a bastard. In spite of some prestigious critics' opinion, the anonymous author neither affirms nor denies the rumor. He is much more interested in it than French poets and mentions it many times to create artistic ambiguity and to enrich his own narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural protected areas (NPAs) manage natural resources in order to preserve them through conservation strategies according to the characteristics of the area. In this study the Sierra Monte Negro State Reserve located in the state of Morelos, Mexico, was evaluated in its design, management and monitoring, using qualitative variables from the open standards for the practice of conservation and structured according to the evaluation of the design of CONEVAL. It was found that the conceptualization, management and monitoring reached a moderately satisfactory degree, presenting important gaps such as the declaration of a general vision, the clear identification and prioritization of conservation objects and direct threats, the ambiguity of goals, strategies and objectives, and the lack of indicators for monitoring. The results will improve the management planning process at NPAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Innovation (si) is a concept characterized by its multiple definitions and characteristics, arising from an increase in the interest of researchers on the subject. This denotes that SI constitutes a field under construction that, according to various authors, requires studies carried out from different disciplines and approaches that rescue the diversities and realities involved in this issue. Precisely, Organizational Studies (eo) is a transdisciplinary field that studies the realities experienced in organizations and in organizational processes, based on various theoretical contributions and study currents. Given this, the objective of the work is to reflect on the theoretical contributions that the eo offer and why they may be relevant to deepen the study of SI. The main contribution of the work is that some specific contributions of the field are rescued: organizing or organized, power and strategic analysis, ambiguity and organized anarchies, new institutionalism, learning and knowledge in organizations, organizational change, and anthropology of organizations. From the explanation of each one, it is argued how they can contribute to the SI analysis. In the end, it is concluded that the topics discussed give rise to a future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study is to assess the changes in the structure, family dynamics, and communication during a domiciliary family intervention with patients diagnosed with psychotic spectrum disorders showing resistance to treatment. A total of 12 families (36 participants) with offspring diagnosed with psychotic disorder were included. For data collection, different qualitative techniques were used in order to triangulate information coming from each of them: a questionnaire of open questions and a deepening questionnaire for the observers. The two axes that explain the relational dynamics most closely linked to the treatment resistance of these patients were "trust-distrust climate " and "clarity-communicational ambiguity". These indicators can dynamically change and interact with each other for the benefit of improving family climate and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the history of Carletto, considered one of the most famous criminals in the history First Republic in Brazil. Before his trial, he underwent a meticulous psychiatric examination. We take the story of Carletto as a gateway to understand the psychiatric-forensic practice in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the period. We conclude that the construction of the figure of Carletto as a dangerous criminal and not an irresponsible mental patient relates, on the one hand, to the interweaving of the psychiatric discourses with the images of Carletto in the popular imaginary, and, on the other, with the limits and ambiguities of the degeneracionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An operational language is introduced in the context of organizational studies, so that certain concepts such as system, individual-actor, result, function, balance, chaos, complexity, are formalized in order to establish similarities or equivalences with concepts of science physical-mathematical, in the search for a common language that bridges store that allow rigorous dialogue between a rich sector of physicalmathematical sciences and the sector of social studies focused on organizations, and also allows to develop a mathematical model that be useful in organizational analysis, particularly applied to the field of public universities in Mexico. Regarding organizational studies, we are located within the scope of the new sociological institutionalism and more specifically in the theories of ambiguity and loosely coupled systems, which we consider as the appropriate approach for the study of public universities in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of my inquiry is to lay out the main tenets of Patocka's analyses of the myth and to highlight the cardinal function these analyses possess in relation to the question of world. I show that Patocka's interpretation of the myth is marked by a profound ambiguity: when the myth is contrasted with the free and "questioning" attitude of "historical humanity", it is conceived as the vector of a passive and heteronomous meaning and the world thus revealed is fundamentally determined by the temporal dimension of the past. On the other hand, when it is opposed to the domineering knowledge stemming from the modern scientific project, the myth appears to gather and to extend the Urdoxa, our primal commitment to the world. On this view, the myth testifies for the autonomy of the world: the world cannot be captured in all its amplitude when it is seen as a mere reflection or correlate of a human project of meaning. The tension that emerges from these descriptions has its source in an equivocal, possessing a structuring function for Patočka's thinking, as to the primal and paradigmatic meaning of the world and as to the type of human comportment most likely to capture it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper use of statistics is key for professionals who answer questions from data, including ecologists. However, statistics is generally confusing for these professionals, in part due to difficulties related to its terminology. Many of these difficulties derive from the multiple meanings that a term has, both inside and outside the statistical scope. For Spanish-speaking professionals, the translation of English terms also contributes to this confusion. In this paper we show (and intend to clarify) some of these problems from two key terms of an introductory statistics course: error and bias. These terms are discussed in the different contexts that involve problem resolution using statistics: sampling, measurement, estimation, inference and prediction. Error is inherent to statistics and is used to quantify different types of variability or to indicate the possibility of making mistakes on decision making, depending on the context. On the other hand, bias reflects the tendency towards certain values and/or elements, and leads to erroneous conclusions if not avoided. We propose that the problems associated with lexical ambiguity should to be addressed from university teaching and based on this, we offer some recommendations. Thus, the present article not only offers a guide for professionals to make an adequate use of some statistical terms but also provides a contribution for teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present the topic: The Third Space: Displacement Properties of the Psycho-Cultural Experience, referring to the potential space in early human development, which interacts with its historic occurrence in the socio-cultural world. It arises mostly from thoughtful consideration obtained from psychoanalytic consultation with children and adults, as well as investigation of the relationship between psychoanalysis and literature. Psychotherapy with children takes place in a play space, in a psychological workshop where the symptoms causing a disturbance are identified and the conflict is focused in an intermediate zone, thus named by D.W. Winnicott; it is not that far from the treatment of adult patients, wherein the analysis process of the subconscious takes place and creates a time and space of ambiguity and estrangement. Such processes of a clinical nature allow observing that throughout these and human cultural production there is a space which is opened until the transfer of the experience takes place, that is the: third space. Another way to observe this third space is through language; the ambiguous and uncertain component, which takes place in semantic displacement in the literary text. Therefore that temporal and spatial ambiguity, which encourages the displacement of language processes, into cultural expression and artistic productions or psychosocial phenomena, has as its foundation those intra-psychic transitional processes, noticed since early development. Taken amply, the third space is proposed as a theoretical and investigative field because it contributes to the reading and investigation of psychoanalytic texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decision tree technique in the health sciences serves to understand the correlations between the descriptions of patients and to classify accurately in various categories. The aim of the study was to analyze the accuracy of the classification of excess weight of schoolchildren through the application of a fuzzy decision tree, using a database of Itaupú, Paraná (Brazil). We used the database of a sample consisting of 5962 students (3024 female and 2938 male), with an age range between 6 to 17 years of age. The variables considered were weight, height and the Body Mass Index (BMI). To classify the anthropometric data of the students, a diffuse decision tree was used. The learning results showed a correct classification in the female sex of 2688 and in the male sex of 2471 records respectively. In relation to accuracy, 84% was determined in the male sex and 89% in the female sex. The Area under the curve showed higher values in the Fuzzy method and in both sexes (0.965-0.983), while in the classical method, they were lower (0.804-0.895). According to the calculated results it is possible to apply the fuzzy decision tree for the classification of overweight students with an acceptable accuracy, and it is presented as an alternative technique that can save time when analyzing the nutritional status, however, no other statistical calculations were made that have to do with the precision and accuracy through conventional statistical methods and compare with the technique of fuzzy trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Organizational Studies, power and ambiguity are understood as inherent elements to organizations which can be positive for their survival, as in the case of the concrete systems of action and the organized anarchy. In that sense, the aim of this essay is to argue why these two forms of organization can complemented theoretically. To do this, first the importance of the power and of the ambiguity for understanding organizations is revised; analyzing how these two elements are the main basis for concrete systems of action and organized anarchy, and defining the main characteristics of these theories. Then, it is proposed and argued how the complementarity between the two can be, from the integration of its main elements. Finally, the conclusions of the work are presented, where it is argued that the integration between both forms allows obtaining a potentially holistic perspective for organizational study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this project is to develop a program able to convert a subset of Spanish words to Natural Semantic Metalanguage vocabulary. This metalanguage is free of ambiguities, it is formed with simple concepts and has a reduced vocabulary, making it convenient for its processing by computer. To show how this information can be used and that a reduction in the complexity is advantageous, a small implementation of an expert system with the ability of learning the tic-tac-toe rules and evaluating the board to determine the game status is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambiguity is the term that refers to grammatical structures that can be understood in various ways and admit different interpretations, giving rise to doubts, uncertainty or confusion in the understanding of a writing. There are currently techniques that reduce these problems, such is the case as those defined by the Natural Language Processing, a discipline that combines linguistics and computer science, with the purpose of modeling human language from a computational point of view. In the present work it is proposes a computer method based on these techniques, which allows to reduce the problems of syntactic ambiguity in texts. The solution is composed of heuristic and grammatical rules, designed from the study of the grammatical categories that originate the syntactic ambiguity in the texts. The validity of the obtained result was verified from the development of an experimental design that showed how through the application of the proposed method the users improve in the understanding of texts with problems of syntactic ambiguity. This computer solution is a result of the research group of Legal Informatics of the Center for Electronic Government of the University of Information Sciences and at the same time represents an advance for the development of Legal Informatics in Cuba, by contributing to raise the management of knowledge in Ambiguous texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of role stress (ambiguity and conflict) on job satisfaction through psychological empowerment in the workplace. Data was collected from 314 workers from southern Portugal (Mage= 35.39, SDage =10.66; 69.75% women) Results indicated that role conflict had a direct effect on job satisfaction, while the impact of role ambiguity on job satisfaction was totally mediated by meaning and self-determination. Psychosocial interventions in companies should focus on prevention of role stress and promotion of psychological empowerment in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviewed research on the processing of homonymous and polysemous words in bilingual individuals and assessed its contribution to knowledge of ambiguous word processing, representation, and learning in such individuals. Available evidence supports the mutual influence of each language at the lexical and the semantic level. Specifically, research shows the impact of translation ambiguity on bilingual processing. However, the impact varies depending on second language (L2) competence. These results are explained by the main models of bilingual lexical organization (Dijkstra and van Heuven, 2002; Kroll and Stewart, 1994; van Hell and De Groot, 1998), which are highlighted in this article. From an educational perspective, these studies illustrate the difficulty of learning words with multiple meanings; hence, some recommendations are made that would specifically facilitate the learning of these words in an L2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Role ambiguity has a negative effect on job satisfaction and organizational achievements in the education field. The aim of this research was to identify indications of role ambiguity in university teachers who split their time between teaching and research in the field of social and management sciences. The study, performed in a public higher education institution in Mexico, is descriptive and correlational and uses a quantitative approach. A Likert-type scale was used with a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of .92 and factor loadings above .60 for all dimensions. The results find the highest levels in the dimensions "Ambiguity in Demands" and "Ambiguity in Standards", mainly caused by a lack of clarity in the guidelines and framework that regulate the assessment of academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between role ambiguity and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) according to the "HEalthy and Resilient Organization" model in two local corporations. A multilevel analysis of mediation was employed to examine the relationship between these variables, controlling for the effect of employee division. The sample consisted of a total of 340 employees. The results indicate that job satisfaction exhibits a total mediation in the relationship between role ambiguity and OCB of public employees. These results indicate the importance of employees' well-being to decrease negative effects of role ambiguity in public employees' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In medieval literature there is a long tradition of feminin transvestism, from hagiography to chivalric romances. In all of them, the change of identity motif lends itself to various ambiguities and paradoxes which are the main features in Le Roman de Silence not only in syntax but also in it's main themes. The other protagonist of the text, Merlin, a hybrid character himself, who recalls the trickster --a trait shared with Silence--, is a key figure acting as a catalyst for the plot. As such, his mere apparition in the romance alerts the reader to the paradoxes and the ambiguities at the core of a work whose trickster-like characteristics are examined as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Health Organization (WHO) formally seeks so ambiguous goals that make it difficult to design mechanisms to achieve them. A review of the regulations and the budget of the WHO leads to the following assumptions about the ambiguity that it faces: 1) finally, the WHO focus in pursuing more practical goals that can be addressed with the instruments it have; 2) the most practical goals are not defined by a single actor, they are the result of the interaction between the members of the Concrete Action System of the WHO, that are its bureaucratic apparatus, private companies and donor country representatives; 3) the WHO bureaucracy has a tendency to concentrate on more practical goals, such as combating communicable diseases, for which it have effective instruments; 4) for the national representatives it is preferable to concentrate on communicable diseases because they can take advantage of developments in vaccines in other countries or firms; and 5) private donor companies also prefer to concentrate efforts on communicable diseases so they can contribute giving what they already produce, such as vaccines. Deviating from ambiguous goals to concentrate on more practical issues is the result of strategic processes in which the actors face the ambiguity while pursuing their own interests, but also achieve, in part, the formal goals of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between role stress, work engagement, and job satisfaction according to the Job Demands-Resources Model. The proposed model hypothesizes that work engagement mediates the relationship between role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload on one hand, and job satisfaction on the other. To test the model, data was collected from 586 workers from southern Spain (Mage = 37.11, 50% women). Model fit and mediation test were examined using structural equation modeling (path analysis). Results showed that role conflict, role ambiguity, and work engagement were significant predictors of job satisfaction. However, work engagement did not mediate the relationship between role stress and job satisfaction. Role stress as a hindrance job demand would explain the most direct impact on job satisfaction than through work engagement. Implications for practice and future research are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the existence of the dandy female subject in the Spanish American Modernist literature, from the anthology of the Chilean writer Juan Pablo Sutherland Cielo dandi. Escrituras y poéticas de estilo en América Latina. The incorporation of women writers in this anthology generates the debate about the status of their relationship with dandy and gender definitions. This article examines, in particular, the case of the Chilean writer Teresa Wilms Montt, relating her literary production with the conceptual subject definitions in Sutherland's anthology. Also this article proposes that the dandy subject is an authorial management that generated a specific discourse in literature, but at the same time this subject is produced by his own writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Sociology was born with scientific vocation, its current status as a scientific discipline seems not to enjoy good health. Departing from this idea, the purpose of the paper is threefold: first, several arguments for explanations of social phenomena through mechanisms will be reviewed. Such explanations can offer a suitable way to Sociology to be able to develop as an authentic science. Second, the idea that such explanations can be computational programmes created by agent-based modelling will be justified. Finally, it will build new arguments about how such explanations can avoid the ambiguity and the obscurity conceptual that a part of sociology suffers; reduce its theoretical fragmentation and strengthen the multidisciplinary dialogue with the purpose of researching in depth social reality as well as being able to design effective policies against several social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many anthropological conceptions, the definition of man appears as an amendment or specification of the animal being (for example as rational animal). Martin Heidegger is one of the few philosophers who, by contrast, does not define man as a human being but as Dasein, thus escaping an anthropomorphic conceptualization. Contrary to tradition, the animal to Heidegger is not a thing, but also not existing being. In this sense, the Heideggerian notion of Dasein allows to investigate the boundaries between animal and man not only in an innovative, but also quite productive way. For, although in Being and Time Heidegger is emphatic in arguing that only human being as Dasein has the form of being called "existence", his ambiguity surrounding the particular mode of being of the animal explains why important contemporary philosophers influencedby Heidegger - e.g. Jacques Derrida and Giorgio Agamben - have addressed this problem. In this sense, the present contribution explores this ambiguity and aims firstto explore and to locate the question about the animal in Being and Time so that, in a second step, we can critically reflect on the consequences of that location both from a immanent point of view and alsofrom a more general perspective interested in exploring the relationship between humans and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Share (1999; 2004; 2008; 2011) has indicated that the phonological recoding of words constitutes a self-teaching mechanism that fosters the development of orthographic representations. However, several studies have suggested that some characteristics of grapheme-phoneme correspondences might constitute an obstacle for this process. This paper aims to explore whether those graphemes which may correspond to more than one phoneme (that is, graphemes with two possible phonological translations in Spanish, such as as either /j/ or /gu/) or graphemes with a very low frequency relative to homophone graphemes ( being ten times less frequent than ) hinder the establishment of orthographic representations in Spanish. Thus, 54 children attending 3rd. grade phonologically recoded pseudowords with and without this kind of graphemes. After training sessions, children were post-tested with a lexical decision task and a spelling to dictation task in order to evaluate whether they had been able to store the orthographic representations of the pseudowords they had read. Results showed that children tended to make significantly more mistakes in the post-test when the pseudowords contained ambiguous graphemes or graphemes with relatively low frequency than in pseudowords that did not include such graphemes. These results suggest that phonological ambiguity of graphemes and low frequency respective to homophone graphemes have a negative impact on children's ability to form orthographic representations in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]