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This research aimed to analyze an analogy used in the teaching of stoichiometry in Brazilian textbooks from a structural, semantic, and pragmatic perspective. The analogy being studied compares the fixed proportional relationships between ingredients in a cooking recipe to the relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. The analysis involved a review of the chapters in six textbooks that covered the topic of stoichiometry, an identification of the structure of the analogy, its characterization in structural, semantic, and pragmatic terms, and an evaluation of its presentation in the textbooks. The results showed that the analogy, present in three of the analyzed textbooks, has the potential to aid in the teaching of stoichiometry. This is because its structure focuses on the relationships between elements rather than simply describing them, and it is structurally consistent and has similarities in the contextual meanings between the mapped correspondences. The conclusion of the study suggests that although the authors of the analyzed textbooks have not fully explored all of the correspondences identified in the relational structure of the analogy, it offers a wealth of educational opportunities for teaching stoichiometry. This includes teaching concepts such as proportions between reactants and products, equation balancing, excess and limiting reactants, purity, and yield in chemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic and biological analogy as a means of inspiration in the design process and, particularly, its use as conceptual grounds for the birth of the architectural project encompasses processes extending from metaphor to design techniques and graphic processes using evolutive algorithms and parametric design. Regarding the architectural modelling, the use of those algorithms develops in parallel to advances in artificial intelligence and life. To know of current advances of developments based on genetics, a chronological evolution is presented linked to its analogy in architecture. As architectural models based on those processes, the proposals of Biocentrum by Peter Eisenman and The Winton Gallery by Zaha Hadid are analysed. These are rooted on maths and algorithms and their ideation process becomes the goal of the architectural project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“David Hume on Materialism”. During the 17th and 18th centuries, an intense debate concerning materialism took place. This paper aims to describe David Hume’s position within this debate. I claim that, even though Hume rejects substantialist metaphysics to focus on the study of perceptions, he defends a position concerning the relationship between mind and matter. However, this position is rather complex to reconstruct since it is not explicitly stated in the texts edited during Hume’s life. I propose to define it as a restricted materialism since, regarding the nature of mind, Hume discards both the materialist and the immaterialist positions; although concerning the causes of thought he comes close to materialist positions by using arguments based on experience and the analogy with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we want to show truth and beauty as good, as they are characteristics that are identified with being, that is, transcendental; reveal some characteristics of the perfect being in imperfect entities. This is possible from the thought of Thomas Aquinas, because God, who is the one who creates, in doing so transmits something of his own being to his work; just as the artist is reflected in some respect in his work. In the case of God, this reflection is called vestige, and has an analog character. However, it allows a rational incarnated creature to discover it through the contemplation of the universe, which transforms creation into a hierophanic phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents what I call the Central Normative Proposal of Luis Villoro. This proposal is based on an interpretation of the principle of non-exclusion in ethics and epistemology. The core argument of the paper is based on a linguistic analogy that demonstrates the importance of reasonable communication for non-exclusion in epistemology, which is assumed in various theses of Villoro. A consequence of this analogy for non-exclusion in ethics is that Villoro defends basing what is reasonable on the concrete possibilities of mutual understanding, starting with asymmetries and injustices that are obfuscated or eliminated in a contractualist analysis, or one that begins with strictly egalitarian principles. This criticism is compatible with egalitarian views, but it assumes a radically different point of departure. Although various theses by Villoro are compatible with egalitarian notions, given this point of departure based on asymmetries of power his proposal should be understood based on our cognitive capacities to understand and appreciate such asymmetries. For this reason, the paper concludes with an analysis of the notion of reasonableness, which under my interpretation Villoro defines in terms of our capacities for attention, that are not reducible to beliefs or systems of beliefs. In this way, the Central Normative Proposal of Villoro depends on the convergence between truth and the dignity of the members of communities in which as matter-of-fact asymmetries exist and must be eliminated through concrete communicative efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental science teachers are faced with the task of explaining scientific topics that are difficult for students to understand, so they usually resort to analogues that make them easier to understand by comparison. It is important to know the scientific research published on didactic sequences with analogies. Thus, this work shows a systematic review of the scientific literature in on the subject between 2000 and 2022. Results show 31 articles that meet the established inclusion criteria, and, after their analysis, it is concluded that, they are relevant studies, as they provide useful didactic examples for teaching, common analogies to address certain contents, aspects to consider in teacher training and students' perceptions towards this methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the function and origin of the locutions of causal sense a santo de qué, a qué santo, a cuento de qué, a qué cuento and a cuenta de qué. These phrases introduce marked interrogative constructions, so they imply a negative evaluation by the speaker, that is, they constitute a grammatical sign of the negative implication of the causal question in which they are inserted. The data from all the examples provided in the CDH and CORPES corpus for the forms a santo de qué, a qué santo, a cuento de qué, a qué cuento and a cuenta de qué are analyzed, and an account of the main functional characteristics of the mentioned structures are given. Finally, a hypothesis is posed about the origin and development of the different phrases according to the formal and significant affinities between the different constructions and the relations of interference and analogy in use that may have arisen between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the following text, I seek to analyze the Divine Narcissus's loa and auto by finding correspondences between them through the image of water and two fundamental concepts: the Unknown God of Saint Paul mentioned in the loa, and baptism which appears in the loa and finally materializes in the auto. I will address how sor Juana is constantly subverting the notion of "image and likeliness" and the way in which this concept travels from the loa's analogy between the Eucharist and the Teocualo to the auto's mirroring relationship between Narcissus and Human Nature. Lastly, I will try to demonstrate how the author constructs the auto as a perfect love story with two possible versions that become one: unrequited love (Eco and Narcissus) and the consummation of love (Narcissus and Human Nature), transforming the auto into an evocation of the Eucharist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the terms used in analogical retrieval when examining domains of different relational complexity is analyzed by means of two experiments. Convenience sampling was used to recruit preservice teachers from the Faculty of Teacher Education of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 60 of whom participated voluntarily in each experiment. In the first experiment, texts with cartoons containing complex relationships of causal circularity were presented. We manipulated, between-subject, the use of the terms analogous or similar when asking participants to retrieve the cartoons and, within-subject, the type of similarity (superficial or structural). The χ² test revealed that, when faced with relations with causal circularity, participants use structural and superficial similarity equally when retrieving. Moreover, when asked in terms of analogy, more circular sources were retrieved. In the second experiment, we manipulated, also between-subject, the use of the same terms when asking about relationally less complex analogues, whose relations were of unidirectional causality; within-subject, we manipulated the type of similarity. Using the χ² test, a greater number of retrievals based on superficial similarity (pseudoanalogues) were found. Likewise, no differences were found in retrieval based on the terms used in the question. These results support a hierarchical conception in line with the cognitive complexity and control theory proposed by Zelazo and Frye (1997). They also suggest that more complex relationships can have a constricting effect on less complex ones, in line with the findings of Catrambone (2002). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the role of interdiscursivity in the art of language as well as with the functioning of the metaphoric and translational mechanisms in literature, rhetorical discourse and other kinds of discourses included within the art of language. The function of analogy, equivalence, polyvalence and transferability in connection with cultural rhetoric and interdiscursivity in the art of language is studied from the point of view of metaphor and of other translational mechanisms. The metaphorical engine is explained and transformed into a translational engine that is applied beyond the limits of metaphor to other operations and processes like transduction, translation between languages, fiction, ectopic literature, etc. A translational theoretical model is proposed for analysing and explaining other translational movements in addition to the metaphorical ones, and a transferential component is created in the central space of the model alongside the translational engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analogical hermeneutics of Mauricio Beuchot (2005) and the vision of game in the “Homo Ludens” of J. Huizinga (2006) help us to interpret the effects of capitalist globalization on the social structures of Latin America. Corruption cases in this region involve political, business and criminal intelligence. The democratic advance faces dirty game from criminal groups. The game analogy shows some hidden factors in social interactions. The fair play of capitalism is a fiction and the proposed model of interpretation exhibits the cruelty of the economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the analogical-abductive procedures in Sigmund Freud's work The acquisition and conquer of fire (1932). In particular, the procedures compromised in the validation of the Freudian hermeneutic hypothesis on the Greek myth of Prometheus figuring the renunciation of an instinct [trieb] were examined. Conditions of internal coherence and empirical consistence were examined, analysing their characteristics in hermeneutic research. Conditions of admissibility in light of the validation process were discussed as well. The analysis was approached according to the model proposed by Ynoub for the empirical treatment in research with hermeneutic hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows some views related to analogical hermeneutics as a theory of interpretation in which the equivocity and univocity ends are avoided. Under this scenario it is of vital importance to take a historical journey through the notions of analogy and hermeneutics in order to show the relevance of this study. Above all, the aim is to avoid the polarizations that lead philosophy into undesirable grounds. Instead, a balance between absolutist exactitudes and complete ambiguity is sought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central topic of John Finnis' legal theory regarding the conceptualization of law as a social phenomenon is the analogy. This methodological proposal supposes relevant advances in recognizing meeting points between solutions to the concept of law by antagonistic iusphilosophical traditions and their potential link with other practical-normative systems. However, the truth is that this aspect of the Finnis' method requires certain theoretical limits in order not to affect his conceptual scheme systemically. This paper deals with some implications that unlimited use of the analogy carries, confronting it with other significant features of the author's thought and demonstrating how the systematic vocation of his theoretical elaboration can be impacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to highlight the functional autonomy and usefulness of the contract of barter, highlighting its particularities and demarcating its contours from the sales contract, even in those cases in which money is used to balance the value of the things exchanged. Certainly, it is undeniable that there are analogies between barter and sale, both contracts being manifestations of the same economic fact, which is exchange. In addition, both have the same purpose, since the two contracts are translational of the ownership, and also share a consensual nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the analysis and valuation of an individual, temporary, and leveled-prime life insurance. It starting point is an analogy between contract rules and a financial exotic option. In particular, a cash or nothing option. Several cases are presented from a person with different age and gender, and sensitivity to different probability distributions are tested using Monte Carlo simulation. All cases are adjusted to Argentinean recent data in order to estimate exercise prices, main variable to estimate the contract value. Prime market values used on this work are more than double than the theoretical value found on the exotic option while comparing them to identical contract conditions such as insured amount, time frame and demographic conditions of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to describe the emerging epistemology in the theoretical construction of knowledge from an anthropic perspective. The contributions of Ricci (2015), Calderón (2019), Ramos (2015), Mendoza (2015), among others, were used. The research was classified as descriptive with documentary design. The instrument used was the category matrix. The results indicate that emerging epistemologies should be fostered, to promote the construction of concepts that give rise to theories. As a conclusion, this theoretical conception must be linked, which will allow to empower researchers to be fully trained, appropriating analogies, inferences, reflections and arguments necessary in the consolidation of an anthropic vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analogical reasoning is perhaps the core element of intelligent behavior and it has been related to successful aging. The present study aimed to impact the analogical reasoning of the elderly individuals through the application of an analogies protocol based on promoting fluency and flexibility (FFA) in relational responding. The FFA protocol was designed specifically for this study and according to the available information on relational behavior. A pre-post design with two conditions, five participants each ranged of 69 to 89 years old. At pretest, participants responded to two WAIS subscales as well as to three analogies tasks specifically designed for the study. Then, fluency and flexibility analogies protocol (FFA) was applied to the participants of the experimental condition throughout a week. Subsequently, in post-test, the same measures used in the pre-test were applied. The FFA protocol had a significant impact on three of the five measures. The sensitivity of the tests was discussed as well as different ways to improve the protocol impact were all discussed. The relevant effect produced for most of the participants are discussed and highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the role of affections in the human act, it is necessary to review the teaching of Saint Thomas and his analogical meaning of love. In this way, an integration of the Aristotelian basis that distinguishes human potentialities from that of Dionysian focused more on the unitive aspect of love can be verified. From here, the affective essential mediation of love in all human acts as an integration of the natural inclination and the intentionality proper to the practical reason is established. This is the authentic content of the S Th., I-II, q 28, a. 6, which entails a decisive importance in understanding the moral value of human acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Some Reflections on the Ethical-legal Parallel in Kant's Religion". The aim of this paper is to contribute to understanding the ethical-legal parallel drawn in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. I will analyze the similarities, differences and the analogy among the ethical state of nature, the exeundum and the community, on the one side, and the juridical state of nature, the exeundum and the community, on the other. I will argue that moral progress, understood as overcoming radical evil, requires a complement between the ethical and legalpolitical spheres, given that each area provides a different approach and a different community solution within the same public sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to understand the relationship between written law and the interpretation of the terms proposed by François Gény, taking into account his description of the interpretive phenomenon and the elements of its rationality. This paper is strictly referred to his work titled "Method of Interpretation and Sources in Positive Private Law", from which we establish the notions of law, interpretation, and rationality that the author developed, as well as his main ideas on extensive interpretation, analogy, the logical rules and the cases in which the elements extrinsic to the written law that can be considered in the practice of interpretation. We will finish by considering some references by the author to the method of free scientific research, such as his reflections on the limits of the interpretation dissociated from the will of the legislator. This article responds to a theoretical investigation, whose source is printed texts, therefore the methodology used required analytical synthetic and historical-logical methods. As a content analysis method, the textual analysis of the documents considered in the research has been used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article is an exploratory study of the materialist approaches of the music video developed during the decade of 2010, as heir to representative practices of materialist film, direct/material film and video art. Specifically, this research delves into the fundamental techniques through which music video addresses and highlights the material nature of celluloid, electronic and digital images. Thus, through direct work on the film strip, the alteration of the analogical video signal or the manipulation of the digital visual information, among other resources, manifestations such as glitch art acquire special relevance. This intensifies the tensions between the experimental value and the condition of uncritical artifice that often accompany these works; a debate also considered in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article intends to engage in a discussion around the concept of work (or works) from a gendered perspective. Special attention will be given to the relationship between the realms of production and those of reproduction. The goal of this reading is to establish the most important variations between the two, underlining the differences and similarities between the diverse conceptual approaches in use. Using the analogy of the "purple glasses", three different approaches are identified: (i) with single vision lenses (looking at either production or reproduction), which attempts to describe the two realms from the viewpoint of only one of the two, (ii) with bifocal lenses, which consider productive and reproductive work as equally relevant, while establishing clear-cut differences between the two, and (iii) with progressive lenses, which allow us to see the two domains as part of a continuum, stressing their simultaneities, overlays and intermittencies. Taking into account the proliferation of studies espousing a gender perspective -and without denying their peculiar contributions-, the approach attempted here tries to determine how each "lens" is useful in efforts to grasp the particular patterning of each kind of work and to supplement such analysis by taking into account specific times and places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the development of autonomy and responsibility of students when observing their performance as epistemic agents in an argumentative context of critical evaluation of analogies. This research is based on the assumption of a qualitative approach and assumes the character of design-based research. In order to achieve our objective, a didactic sequence was elaborated and its development was carried out in chemistry classes composed of 35 students aged between 15 and 16 years old. All data were recorded in both video and audio. The analysis indicates that four aspects were fundamental to the actions of students as epistemic agents, these being: (i) the interaction of the teacher seeking to support the participation of students in the discourse and legitimization of their ideas, (ii) allowed tempered equality among class members (iii) the context of problem-solving, which favored the autonomy of students in seeking coherent and knowledge-based solutions and (iv) working with authorial analogies as epistemic tools. In this manner, we advocate the teaching of Chemistry should be driven to give opportunity to the equality of intellectual authority, in particular considering the involvement of students as epistemic agents using epistemic tools, such as analogies. Aiming this, students need to be encouraged to critically evaluate these tools, based on argumentative problem-solving contexts in which their proposals are fundamentally considered by the teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to carry out a systematic review of the papers related to analogical thinking and creativity. Original articles that address the subject were searched using the PRISMA methodology. A total of 24 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. It was possible to observe a preponderance of studies whose objectives were oriented to a greater knowledge of the subject. From them, some variables that are of great importance can be defined, as well as a great heterogeneity in the research methodologies used. From the results the contributions and vacancies in the area are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When disagreements arise about the quality of arguments, arguers frequently rely on coherence. Argumentative coherence is mainly manifested in accusations of incoherence and in the production of analogies. With the help of the elements of warrant and of rebuttals in Toulmin's model, it is possible to give a first analysis of this notion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will attempt to elucidate Kant's expression 'epigenesis of pure reason' in relation to the order of the transcendental foundation of constitution of objectivity, as presented in the Critique of Pure Reason. By using the passage entitled 'Refutation of idealism', the fundamental relationship existing between time and space will be examined, and the thesis according to which space has logically and intuitively priority over time will be defended. Along with this, the article proposes an interpretation of the Schematism and Analogies of Experience, which is able to give an account of a spatialization of time in Kant's thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender violence, despite the efforts of national and international organizations, continues to be a daily problem in Mexico; This is not only presented in visible ways, but there are also symbolic manifestations, interwoven in the discourse and in the ideas, which go unnoticed. The main objective is to identify the social representations of women in the commercials of Tecate beer in order to appreciate symbolic violence from an interdisciplinary approach and based on a qualitative methodology. In these materials, women are represented from two conceptions: from the dichotomous idea of gender or as a secondary object on which the discourse does not fall explicitly, but rather establishes an analogy that shows ideas, images and stereotypes around them. The classic representations of women prevail, where they are associated with traditionally assigned roles. Inadequate representations are manifested, such as the ones that reinforce epistemic domination, establishing as elements of feminine legitimation the values imposed by patriarchal structures. Equally, imaginary appear to reproduce the controlling images of gender as the mother-wife, always excluded from the public sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical Thomism is a philosophical current that is gaining strength. However, the coexistence of analytical philosophy and Thomism has often encountered the difficulty that analogous notions, of which the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas makes essential use, seem to resist the formal analysis typical of analytical philosophy. However, two Thomist philosophers, Jan Salamucha and Jósef Bochenski, both enthusiasts of formal logic and the analytical mode of doing philosophy, proposed a formalization of the Thomistic theory of the analogy of names. In this article, the proposals of these two philosophers are critically reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the concepts of cultureme (Translation Studies), topoi (Argumentation Theory), active zones and normality profiles (Cognitive Linguistics) aiming to establish analogies and understand from a multidisciplinary viewpoint the way in which ordinary knowledge (unscientific) can reach a false epistemological status (pseudoscientific). From the review of the characteristics attributed to scientific, unscientific and pseudoscientific knowledge, we analyze the role played by the concepts cited in the constitution of pseudoscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in the education paradigm required by the information and knowledge society stems from the social-constructivist approach to learning. Although many authors have made contributions to the social-constructivist approach, its precision at the classroom level and especially its implications for the teacher profile are not yet clearly defined. Defining this profile might help teachers understand how they should be, what knowledge and skills they need, and how they can improve. This study aims to define the teacher profile for a social-constructivist education, integrating the different contributions by means of an analogy with the hero archetype. The proposed social-constructivist teacher profile matches the two main features of the hero: a high level of competence and moral action. This analogy might be useful for teachers not only to better understand the social-constructivist teacher profile, but also to make them more aware of their responsibility and power to improve education and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plato put forward in Republic a cultural program which implies the redefinition of the role of traditional poetry due to its association with the democratic and tyrannical regimes. I intend to show that this point is connected with the anti-cyrenaic arguments that Plato raises against Aristippus. On the one hand, I will study the features of the tyrannical biotype and its correspondent regime in Republic VIII-IX, and, on the other, I will analyze its links with the anti-cyrenaic arguments in Gorgias. This exam will allow us to offer some clues to better understand two widely debated passages in Republic IX: the analogy of the lift and the tyrant's number. Both acquire a new perspective when this intra-socratic polemic is taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the metaphysical-theological thought of Erich Przywara (1889-1972) is analyzed in order to bring to light his vision of the supernatural end of man. Przywara, focusing on the concept of "analogia entis" as a key to understand the relationship between the creature and the Creator, also considers other terms, among which "potentia oboedientialis" is the most important. In the article, the exact meaning of the term is deciphered in order to show that the theological anthropology of Przywara constitutes an original and interesting contribution to the debate on the supernatural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the transductive nature of invention, from the perspective of learning associated with the psychic individuation, and the problem resolution associated with the collective. The discussion focuses on the following thesis statement: the learning and the problem resolution are invariants of a psychology of individuation, which is developed in four moments: first, simondonian epistemology is used based in the analogy and the alagmatic to show that there is no individuation without problem resolution; second, it will develop the continuum from primary behavior to intelligent learning and problem resolution, which finds in the technique a paradigmatic way in Simondon; third, the concept of subject is approached, the learning, and the ways that are opening to psychology as a scientific discipline and as a profession. Lastly, in the form of a colophon, related aspects to Simondon with L. Vygotsky and C. Freinetwill be presented as cases of a psychosocial perspective in problem resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a study about the development of Edmund Husserl's empathy theory. It seeks to reconstruct two of the main milestones regarding the reflections on empathy as an intentional apprehensive experience of an alien subjectivity, from an interpretation of posthumous texts on intersubjectivity edited by Iso Kern in 1973 in volumes XIII, XIV and XV of Husserliana. The first milestone is the discussion from the early 1900s Husserl engages with, on the one hand, in relation to the theory of inference by analogy of Benno Erdmann - originally formulated by John Sturart Mill - and, on the other hand, in relation to the theory of empathy as an instinct of imitation and expression of Theodor Lipps. The second is the reworking of the concept of empathy based on genetic phenomenology and the discovery of passive synthesis based on the cogitative acts of the ego. I maintain in this work that these two milestones of Husserlian thought regarding intersubjectivity are not completely unlinked: the notions of analogy and non-yoician operations, so important in the second period, were already present in their own way in the critical interpretation of theories from Erdmann/Mill and Lipps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is presented as a reflection framework for the analysis of works of contemporary architecture, which in their design process make evident the references to elements external to the disciplinary field. Given the complexity and variability of these works, the research has been limited to the observation of their generation principles. The recognition of operational modalities, such as analogy and its variants, the diagrammatic and the conceptual, is proposed as an element for study. From the pedagogical point of view, it is valued and argues, the study of its variability in its generative phase, taking into account the complexity of the creative process within the framework of divergent thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Informal Inference" is an approach to statistical inference based on resampling methods and links bootstrap as replacement for confidence intervals and rerandomisation tests as alternative to statistical tests. Informal inference, on the other hand, is a conceptualisation of statistical inference by elementarising the full complexity by context that makes the interpretation of the developed concepts meaningful, or by establishing analogies and meta-knowledge that provide insight. Firstly, we illustrate the significance test by an elementary rank test. Secondly, we build informal ideas about inference by an analogy to the medical situation. Thirdly, we highlight the potential of informal ways to statistical inference by examples. Fourthly, we describe the "Informal Inference" approach. Finally, we draw some conclusions about the didactical potential and the drawbacks of "Informal Inference". Our considerations are signified by the goal of facilitating conceptual understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the Islamic influence on the exegetical work of the Karaite scholar Ya'qūb al-Qirqisānī (10th century, Baghdad), by studying his use of the method of analogy (qiyās) in the field of Logic. The paper's principal aim is to better understand the relevance of logical analogy in religious exegesis among Muslim theologians and to show how logical analogy was trasmitted from the Stoic tradition to medieval Islamic and Jewish culture. And also to put forward al-Qirqisānī´s opinions on this matter. The methodology used in the research consists of first defining how the use of logical analogy in religious interpretation by theologians developed. Secondly, al-Qirqisānī´s opinions on this method are discussed. Based on the study and research, it can be concluded that the logical analogy method played a very relevant role in the religious interpretation of sacred texts. The logical theories developed by al-Qirqisānī in his religious interpretations are similar to those of Muslim theologians, probably the result of the influence of the latter and, more specifically, of the mu'tazili group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analogies, often used to make an idea understandable using previous knowledge or experience, have been considered as a component of pedagogical content knowledge since earliest conceptualizations of teacher's knowledge. This paper addressed the mathematics teacher's specialized knowledge in the use of the analogy of function as a machine, based on lessons observation of two Chilean high school teachers and a subsequent interview. Study's findings regarding the teacher's knowledge about the function in the use of analogy allow establishing relations between different knowledge manifested by teachers in the functions' teaching - learning process, advancing in the understanding of their knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the search of an epistemology which consolidates didactic science, this pages analyse relationships between analogic hermeneutics (AH) and socio-didactics: If this one last can provide elements to hermeneutics for a knowledge of the social reality, socio- didactics finds in AH a precise methodological device to interpret the environment and interpret itself. This last dimension is of special interest to us, because improves didactic theory and its praxis. We start from a didactics with sociocommunicative base, to which we add a hermeneutic dimension as episteme of first order from which to interpret the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article intends to present the essentials of an analogic hermeneutics. The procedure will be to expose in the first place what is understood by hermeneutics; then, the theory of analogy, and, lastly, what an analogic hermeneutics adds to the hermeneutics as such. Other topics, as the objectivity in the interpretation, will be mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyze the concepts of analogy and symbol in the Kritik der Urteilskraft, as well as the role of analogical-symbolic procedure in the articulation between nature and freedom. In the same way, the implications of the symbol will be analyzed as a sensitizing element of the ideas. In this sense, paragraph 59 is decisive in understanding the scope of the analogue procedure and its formulation under the figure of beauty as a symbol of morality. For this: First, I analyze the concept of analogy and its development in the critical period of Kant's philosophy. Second, I describe the notion of example that develops in the "Analytic of the beautiful". Finally, I deal with the notion of symbol, from their differences with respect to the example, to later reflect on the function of analogy as a symbol of morality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal of the present text is to make some considerations about a methodological philosophical topos recovered in the classic work of K.-O. Apel, The Transformation of Philosophy. I refer to the dialectic between hermeneutics and semiotics. This relationship refers to a relevant aspect of the epistemological status of Philosophy, in that it recovers the problematic distinction between explaining and understanding, and in that sense, it is important to review it in order to make some clarifications with respect to the limits and scope of Philosophy, given certain current tendencies of the order of scientist reductionism or unlimited relativism. I will consider this dialectic between semiotics and hermeneutics from a dialogical perspective, that looks at a complementary articulation between both recovering the contributions of Ricoeur's phenomenological hermeneutics and Beuchot's analogical hermeneutical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to unpack the query of whether or not there is a historical-philosophical basis for the hypothesis of a non-random homonymy between 'time scale' and 'musical scale.' A deeper look into certain passages of Plato's dialog Timaios, shows that he first laid the foundation for the concept of time, defined as number, by incorporating the concept of 'proportion' or 'analogy' (ἀναλογία), which was developed by the Pythagoreans in the mystical and theoretical frame of the rising principles of tonal harmony. The pythagorean-platonic theory of proportion underlies -as I will try to prove- the aristotelian concept of time, and thus the traditional representation of time as a parameter and scale of movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analogical hermeneutic can be interpreted as a pragmatist stream. In fact, Beuchot is clearly influenced by Peirce. These elements are manifested in Rorty's hermeneutic neo-pragmatism. Analog hermeneutics refers to the possibility of developing the understanding of cultural differences through the use of abductive and metaphorical reasoning. In the case of Rorty, this one is concerned by the generation of new metaphors that allow the extension of the solidarity and the reduction of the cruelty. All this forms a new utopia of understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the following pages I intend to review the idea of utopia. I'll try to understand it properly, although many definitions already exist. I will also try to go through its history, at least as far as the most important and know moments are concerned. Then I will try to show that the utopia has an analogic and iconic character since it is a metaphor and a model, or, rather, a metaphoric model we build out of a possible reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]