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O rizoma da Simaba ferruginea St. Hil tem sido utilizado, popularmente, para úlceras, febres, diarreias e processos inflamatórios. Estudos farmacológicos têm ratificado algumas destas ações. Entretanto, os efeitos na reprodução não estão elucidados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar efeitos do extrato hidroetanólico (70%) do rizoma da Simaba ferruginea St. Hil (EHSF) na reprodução de ratas Wistar e conseqüências desses efeitos no desenvolvimento intra-uterino da prole. Para tanto, os animais foram tratados com EHSF 50 e 100 mg Kg-1 ou água destilada por 15 dias e verificaram-se os efeitos no ciclo estral, acasalamento, número de fetos no útero, peso úmido do útero/ovário, consumo de água e ração, peso de outros órgãos internos e nos parâmetros bioquímicos do soro. O estudo do ciclo estral mostrou que 100% das ratas completaram o ciclo, e não foram observadas alterações no ganho de peso corporal, consumo de água e ração, peso úmido do coração, fígado, pulmões, baço, rins e útero/ovário; porém, a concentração da aspartato aminotransferase (AST) foi aumentada. A implantação dos fetos foi reduzida com a maior dose. Estes dados sugerem que o EHSF pode apresentar hepatotoxicidade, e que a redução no número de fetos implantados não está relacionada com interferência no ciclo estral nem no acasalamento. Palavras-chave: Simaba Ferruginea. Reprodução. Ratas. Prole. Toxicidade Abstract The rhizome of Simaba ferruginea St. Hil has been popularly used in the treatment of ulcers, fever, diarrhea and inflammatory processes. Pharmacological studies have ratified some of these actions. However, the effects on reproduction have not been elucidated. This study aimed to study the effects of the hydroethanolic extract (70%) from the rhizome of Simaba ferruginea St. Hil (EHSF) on the reproduction of Wistar rats and the consequences on the intrauterine development of offspring. For this purpose, the animals were treated with EHSF 50 and 10 mg Kg-1 or vehicle for 15 days and effects on the estrous cycle, mating, amount of fetuses in the uterus, uterus / ovary fresh weight, consumption of water and food, weight of the other internal organs and biochemical parameters of the serum were observed. The study of the estrous cycle showed that 100% of the rats preserved the cycling sequence, and alterations on the body weight gain, consumption of water and food, fresh weight of heart, liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys and uterus / ovary were not observed; however, the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was increased. The implantation of fetuses was decreased with administration of the highest dose. This data suggest that EHSF may increase hepatoxicity, and that the reduction on the amount of implanted fetuses is not related with the interference on neither estrous cycle nor mating. Further studies are necessary in order to explain this data. Keywords: Simaba ferruginea. Reproduction. Rats. Offspring. Toxicity.

The extraction of bioactive compounds from fruits of green coffee (Coffea canephora) was performed using solid-liquid percolation process and hydroethanolic solvent, by way of a 22 central composit...

This study aimed to evaluate the freshness and physicochemical characterization of pirarucu blankets at different ages bred in captivity in excavated tanks in northern Mato Grosso State, Brazil, in different seasons (rain and dry seasons). Four harvests were performed in two different tanks and five specimens obtained in each evaluated period, with animals aged 18 and 24 months, respectively, at the beginning of the experiment. The animals were slaughtered in a local establishment that had an inspection service following humane standards, and the blankets were later sent to analysis. The samples were analyzed for freshness via total volatile nitrogenous bases and physicochemical characteristics (pH in 24 h, water activity, water retention capacity, dripping loss, cooking loss, and shear force). There was a statistical difference for total nitrogenous volatile bases and shear force with higher values in the rainy season (24 month-of-old animals). Additionally, pH and water activity differed statistically at 24 h in the same period, albeit for 18-month-of-old animals. It was possible to conclude that climate variation affected the freshness and physicochemical characteristics of the pirarucu blankets while age did not.

The coffee fruit is a high source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids and methylxanthines, comprising chlorogenic acids and caffeine, respectively. Extract from this matrix may be used as supplement or active ingredient of functional foods, energy drinks, cosmetics or drugs. Safety of caffeine- and chlorogenic acid-rich encapsulated and non-encapsulated hydroethanolic extracts from green coffee fruit (GCFE) was assessed by acute and subacute toxicity tests. In the acute test, oral single dosage until 1000 mg/kg per body weight (bw) did not show any adverse effect on both female and male mice according to the Hippocratic screening and clinical parameters for a period of 14 days. While the oral median lethal dose of non-encapsulated GCFE was 5000 mg/kg bw/day, that of encapsulated GCFE was not detectable likely due to the delayed release of caffeine and other compounds from GCFE. Non-encapsulated GCFE displayed a stimulating effect at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day after 30 min of oral administration, but not after 60 min. Daily consumption of encapsulated GCFE for 30 days showed no adverse effect in male rats even at the highest dose. Extrapolating this value of no-observed-adverse-effect level (1000 mg/kg bw/day) to human consumption, a human equivalent dose of 189 mg/kg bw/day or 11.34 g/day could be estimated for encapsulated GCFE considering a 60 kg adult body weight.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of age and weight on the physicochemical characteristics of captive-bred pirarucu blankets. Four harvest operations were conduced in two tanks; five specimens were obtained per harvest per tank, and the animals were 18, 24, 25, and 30 months old. The animals were slaughtered and processed in a local slaughterhouse, and the blankets cut were characterized in terms of proximate composition, instrumental color, fatty acid profile, and lipid nutritional quality indices. The data analyzed for proximate composition were higher at younger ages, whereas the peak occurred at 25 months for lipid content (2.19 %). The major fatty acids were C18:1n-9cis (33.53–36.72 %), C16:0 (22.79–26.01 %), C18:2n-6cis (18.25–19.52 %), and C18:0 (10.65–14.62 %), and the fatty acid profile decreased the older the animals were except for C17:0, C18:0, C20:1n-9cis, saturated fatty acids, and thrombogenicity index. The physicochemical characteristics differed in the different ages and weights. Moreover, there was only a high correlation between fatty acid profile and age. It was possible to conclude that the age of 24 months with live weight of ∼ 10 kg was the most suitable given this was the change threshold observed in this study.

This study aims to determine the commercial expiration date of and characterize lactose-free artisanal ice cream with dairy and non-dairy bases. We evaluated four ice cream with different bases at 0, 7, 14, and 21 d of storage. Their centesimal composition was analyzed for proteins, lipids, ashes, carbohydrates, and moisture. The physicochemical properties analyzed included overrun, density, titratable acidity, pH, water activity, and total soluble solids. The L*, a*, b*, C*, and h* parameters were used to evaluate color. Microbiological analyses included Salmonella sp., coagulase-positive Staphylococci, coliforms at 45° C, and mesophilic and psychrotrophic heterotrophic bacteria. Sensory analysis analyzed the consumer profile and measured their acceptance and intent to purchase the samples, with the zero-lactose milk base obtaining the best nutritional values, the best sensory characteristics, and more than 70% intent to purchase, indicating that it is the most accepted formulation. All treatments had a shelf life of 21 d at −18° C. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la vida útil comercial y caracterizar el helado artesanal sin lactosa a base de leche y no lácteos. Se evaluaron cuatro helados con diferentes bases a los 0, 7, 14 y 21 días de almacenamiento. Su composición próxima se analizó en busca de proteínas, lípidos, cenizas, carbohidratos y humedad. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas analizadas incluyeron resiliencia, densidad, acidez titulable, pH, actividad del agua y sólidos solubles totales. Se utilizaron los parámetros L *, a *, b *, C * yh * para evaluar el color. Los análisis microbiológicos incluyeron Salmonella sp., Estafilococos coagulasa positivos, coliformes a 45 ° C y bacterias heterótrofas mesófilas y psicrotróficas. El análisis sensorial analizó el perfil del consumidor y midió su aceptación e intención de compra de las muestras, obteniendo la leche cero lactosa los mejores valores nutricionales, las mejores características sensoriales y más del 70% de intención de compra, indicando que es la máxima redacción aceptada. Todos los tratamientos tuvieron una vida útil de 21 días a -18 ° C. Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar o prazo de validade comercial e caracterizar sorvetes artesanais sem lactose à base de leite e não lácteos. Foram avaliados quatro sorvetes com diferentes bases aos 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias de armazenamento. Sua composição centesimal foi analisada para proteínas, lipídios, cinzas, carboidratos e umidade. As propriedades físico-químicas analisadas incluíram superação, densidade, acidez titulável, pH, atividade de água e sólidos solúveis totais. Os parâmetros L *, a *, b *, C * e h * foram usados ​​para avaliar a cor. As análises microbiológicas incluíram Salmonella sp., Staphylococci coagulase-positiva, coliformes a 45 ° C e bactérias heterotróficas mesofílicas e psicrotróficas. A análise sensorial analisou o perfil do consumidor e mediu sua aceitação e intenção de compra das amostras, com o leite à base de zero lactose obtendo os melhores valores nutricionais, as melhores características sensoriais e mais de 70% de intenção de compra, indicando que é o máximo formulação aceita. Todos os tratamentos tiveram uma vida útil de 21 dias a -18 ° C.

Extracts of green coffee fruits (GCFEs), either of the Arabica or Robusta variety, obtained by percolation with a 68% (w/w) aqueous ethanol solution using a 0.9:10 (w/w) solid-to-solvent ratio, were tested in this study as antioxidant additives to delay sunflower oil oxidation. In addition, safety of the major secondary metabolites of the extracts was investigated by in silico modeling. For this purpose, GCFEs were spray dried either as such or microencapsulated with a 1:1 (w/w) maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture as wall material. The encapsulation efficiencies of Arabica and Robusta GCFEs were as high as 96.9 ± 0.04 and 97.36 ± 0.03% and the chlorogenic acid retentions 59.61 ± 1.3 and 73.72 ± 2.49%, respectively. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed higher contents of total chlorogenic acids and caffeine but a lower content of trigonelline in the Robusta GCFE compared with the Arabica one. The ACD/I-Lab, AdmetSAR, and pKCSM computational tools allowed excluding, for GCFEs major compounds, any toxicological potential in terms of Ames toxicity, carcinogenicity, hERG inhibition, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and skin sensitization. Foodstuff application of GCFE powders demonstrated that microencapsulated GCFEs were more effective in delaying sunflower oil oxidation than free GCFEs and butylated hydroxytoluene as a synthetic antioxidant. These results suggest the use of microencapsulated GCFE as a source of natural antioxidants to stabilize food products, especially unsaturated vegetable oils.

Buriti is a fruit with potential for economic exploitation due to its nutritional components; however, there are few studies about their post-harvest characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics and analyze the antioxidant activity of Buriti pulp. Fruits were harvested at full maturity stage, sanitized, pulped and stored under refrigeration until freezing. Then, pulp was submitted to the following analyses: moisture, protein, total carbohydrates and reducing carbohydrates, ashes, lipids, crude fiber, water activity, titratable acidity (TA), pH, color, ß-carotene, a-carotene, antioxidant activity and total energy value (TEV). Analyses were performed in triplicate, and the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient were determined. Fruit pulp presented 0.98 of water activity, TA of 8.82g/100 g of citric acid, pH 3.78, 59.69% of moisture, 20.92% of fat, 8.56 % of crude fiber, 1.04% of ash, 7.28% of total carbohydrates, 4.50% of reducing carbohydrates, 9098µg/100g of ß carotene and 10086µg/100g of a-carotene. TEV found was 228.28 kcal/100g, the color analysis showed that the pulp has an average light tint value of L * = 59.69, with high hue H * = 68.36 and vivid color with C *= 62.03. Regarding the antioxidant activity, it was observed that Buriti is a fruit that can be used to combat oxidation, as it reduced by 82.42% the amount DPPH reagent used. RESUMO O Buriti é um fruto com potencial para exploração econômica, devido aos seus componentes nutricionais; no entanto, poucas são as pesquisas quanto a suas características pós-colheita. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as características físicas e químicas e analisar a atividade antioxidante da polpa de buriti. Os frutos foram colhidos em completo estádio de maturação, sanitizados, despolpados e armazenados sob refrigeração até o congelamento. Em seguida a polpa foi submetida às análises de umidade, proteína, glicídios totais e redutores, cinzas, lipídios, fibra bruta, atividade de água, acidez titulável (AT), pH, cor, ß caroteno, a caroteno, atividade antioxidante e valor energético total (VET). As análises foram realizadas em triplicata, sendo determinadas a média, desvio-padrão e o coeficiente de variação. A polpa da fruta apresentou valores de 0,98 para atividade de água, AT de 8,82 g/100g de ácido cítrico, pH de 3,78, 59,69% para umidade, 20,92% de lipídios, 8,56% de fibra bruta, 1,04% de cinzas, 7,28% de glicídios totais, 4,50% para glicídios redutores, 9098µg/100g de ß caroteno e 10086µg/100g de a caroteno. O VET encontrado foi de 229,28 Kcal/100g, a análise de cor mostrou que a polpa possui tonalidade clara com valor médio de L*=59,69, alta tonalidade cromática com H*= 68,36 e cor viva com C*= 62,03. Quanto à atividade antioxidante, observou-se que o buriti é um fruto que pode ser utilizado no combate a oxidação, pois reduziu em 82,42% a quantidade do reagente DPPH utilizado.

The aim of the present study to determine the proximate composition (moisture, ashes, proteins and lipids), fatty acid profiles, cholesterol concentrations of five species of pacu-pevas from the Cuiaba river and the rivers of the Alto Paraguai basin in the Pantanal region of the state of Mato Grosso. My. paraguayensis and My. orbignyanum were found to contain significantly higher fractions of protein (19.79% and 20.16%, respectively; p

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 Development of nanosuspensions offers a promising tool for formulations involving poorly water-soluble drugs. In this study, methotrexate (MTX) nanosuspensions were prepared using a bottom-up process based on acid-base neutralization reactions. Computational studies were performed to determine structural and electronic properties for isolated molecules and molecular clusters in order to evaluate the mechanism of MTX nanoparticle formation. Computational results indicated that the clusters in zwitterionic and cationic states presented larger dimensions and higher energies of interaction between MTX molecules, which favored aggregation. In contrast, the clusters in the anionic state exhibited lower energies of interaction, indicating aggregation was less likely to occur. Experimental results indicated that the higher the HCl proportion during drug precipitation, the greater the particle size, resulting in micrometric particles (2874–7308 nm) (cationic and zwitterionic forms). However, MTX nanoparticles ranging in size from 132 to 186 nm were formed using the lowest HCl proportion during drug precipitation (anionic form). In vitro release profiles indicated that the drug release rate from nanosuspension was increased (approximately 2.6 times) over that of the raw material. Overall, computational modeling and experimental analysis were complementary and assisted in the rational design of the nanosuspension based on acid-base reactions. Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University-UNESP Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of Alfenas-UNIFAL Federal Institute of Mato Grosso-IFMT Institute of Physical—University of Brasília-UnB Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University-UNESP

Ana Luiza Trovo Marques de Souza, Cristiane Silva Chitarra, Daniela Moreira Pinto, Wander Miguel de Barros, Joao Vicente Neto, Gilma Silva Chitarra. Avaliacao Microbiologica e Vida de Prateleira da Carne de Jacare do Pantanal (Caiman Yacare) Comercializada no Municipio de Cuiaba – MT, Brasil... In: Anais do 12o Congresso Latinoamericano de Microbiologia e Higiene de Alimentos MICROAL 2014 [= Blucher Food Science Proceedings, num.1, vol.1]. Sao Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. DOI 10.5151/foodsci-microal-202 Avaliacao Microbiologica e Vida de Prateleira da Carne de Jacare do Pantanal (Caiman yacare) Comercializada no Municipio de Cuiaba – MY, Brasil.

Bowdichia virgilioides H.B.K stem bark (Fabaceae), locally known as "sucupira-preta", is a reputed folk-remedy to treat some inflammatory disorders. To validate its traditional claim, the ethanolic extract from B. virgilioides was evaluated in several animal models of inflammation and nociception. The extract at oral doses of 100 to 1000 mg/kg body weight caused a significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema, suppression of exudate volume and leukocyte immigration in rat pleurisy induced by carrageenan, and reduction of granuloma weights in the model of subcutaneous granulomas promoted by cotton pellets. In addition, the plant extract significantly inhibited the vascular permeability increase induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid. It also showed marked antinociceptive effect in acetic acid-induced writhing test and in the second phase of formalin test in mice. These findings evidence the anti-inflammatory potential of Bowdichia virgilioides bark and supports its traditional use in inflammatory conditions.A casca do caule de Bowdichia virgilioides H.B.K (Fabaceae), conhecida localmente como sucupira-preta, é um remédio popular muito utilizado para tratar inflamações. Com o objetivo de validar sua crença popular, o extrato etanólico de B. virgilioides foi avaliado em vários modelos experimentais de inflamação e nocicepção. O extrato administrado, via oral, em doses de 100 a 1000 mg/kg de peso corporal produziu inibição significativa no edema de pata induzido por carragenina, no aumento na permeabilidade vascular induzido por acido acético, no volume de exudato e na migração leucocitária no teste de pleurisia induzida por carragenina, bem como no peso de granulomas induzidos por pelotas de algodão, em ratos. Em camundongos, o EE Bv reduziu o número de contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético e a lambedura da pata na segunda fase do teste da formalina. Esses resultados validam o potencial anti-inflamatório da casca de Bowdichia virgilioides e referendam seu uso tradicional em condições inflamatórias.