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• A novel ZnO photosensitizer mediated by Ni-doped and oxygen vacancy double defect structure. • Enhanced photogenerated electron–hole pair separation and photocatalytic efficiency. • Excellent antibacterial properties based on ROS damage and ATP synthesis inhibition. • Outstanding wound healing performance by tissue regeneration and anti-inflammatory. • A great biomedical application merit for combating the drug resistance challenge. The use of zinc oxide (ZnO) photosensitizers (PSs)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against bacterial wound infections is greatly restricted by diminished photocatalytic efficiency caused by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. In this work, ZnO PSs with a Ni-doped/oxygen vacancy and a protective carbon shell were successfully synthesized by calcinating a Ni-doping zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 precursor. The double-defect structure and the carbon-based substrates significantly promoted the efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pair separation, meanwhile, the 3 % Ni doping endows it with great photocatalytic performance as elucidated by photodegradation assays of methylene blue (MB) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, reinforcing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ZnO and showing obvious advantages in antibacterial properties. As the enhanced photogenerated electron transfer and the ROS damage underwent localized accumulation, the PSs disturbed the bacterial membrane integrity and caused bacterial ATP synthesis inhibition, further leading to bacterial lysis and promoting bacterial deaths. Additionally, the PSs showed outstanding efficacy in eradicating bacterial biofilms. Simultaneously, the significantly enhanced PDT antibacterial performance of the PSs in vivo could initiate wound tissue repair and trigger anti-inflammatory reactions by significantly regulating the expression levels of regeneration- and inflammation-related genes or proteins. Furthermore, the PSs consistently exhibited favorable compatibility both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this study offers evidence of the remarkably efficient and biologically safe performance of Ni-ZnO@C PSs, with antibacterial properties advancing wound healing, both in controlled laboratory environments and living organisms, further underscoring their substantial potential for biomedical applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy is a noninvasive cancer treatment that utilizes photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species upon light exposure, leading to tumor cell apoptosis. Although photosensitizers have shown efficacy in clinical practice, they are associated with certain disadvantages, such as a certain degree of toxicity and limited availability. Recent studies have shown that natural product photosensitizers offer promising options due to their low toxicity and potential therapeutic effects. In this review, we provide a summary and evaluation of the current clinical photosensitizers that are commonly used and delve into the anticancer potential of natural product photosensitizers like psoralens, quinonoids, chlorophyll derivatives, curcumin, chrysophanol, doxorubicin, tetracyclines, Leguminosae extracts, and Lonicera japonica extract. The emphasis is on their phototoxicity, pharmacological benefits, and effectiveness against different types of diseases. Novel and more effective natural product photosensitizers for future clinical application are yet to be explored in further research. In conclusion, natural product photosensitizers have potential in photodynamic therapy and represent a promising area of research for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintessenz Zahnmedizin is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• A nanoplatform with oxygen self-supplying and heat-sensitizing capabilities is prepared using a simple and cost-effective method. • The nanoplatform can generate oxygen in response to the acidic microenvironment of the biofilm to alleviate its hypoxic state. • Under near-infrared irradiation, the nanoplatform converts oxygen into a significant amount of singlet oxygen and heat to eradicate biofilm. • The nanoplatform remarkably enhances the efficiency of photodynamic therapy in eradicating multidrug-resistant biofilms. Bacterial biofilms, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, have emerged as one of the greatest dangers to global public health. The acceleration of antimicrobial resistance to conventional antibiotics and the severe lack of new drugs necessitates the development of novel agents for biofilm eradication. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-antibiotic method for treating bacterial infections. However, its application in biofilm eradication is hampered by the hypoxic microenvironment of biofilms and the physical protection of extracellular polymeric substances. In this study, we develop a composite nanoplatform with oxygen (O 2) self-supplying and heat-sensitizing capabilities to improve the PDT efficacy against biofilms. CaO 2 /ICG@PDA nanoparticles (CIP NPs) are fabricated by combining calcium peroxide (CaO 2) with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) via electrostatic interactions, followed by coating with polydopamine (PDA). The CIP NPs can gradually generate O 2 in response to the acidic microenvironment of the biofilm, thereby alleviating its hypoxic state. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the nanoplatform converts O 2 into a significant amount of singlet oxygen (1O 2) and heat to eradicate biofilm. The generated heat enhances the release of O 2 , accelerates the generation of 1O 2 in PDT, increases cell membrane permeability, and increases bacterial sensitivity to 1O 2. This nanoplatform significantly improves the efficacy of PDT in eradicating biofilm-dwelling bacteria without fostering drug resistance. Experiments on biofilm eradication demonstrate that this nanoplatform can eradicate over 99.9999% of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms under 5-min NIR irradiation. Notably, these integrated advantages enable the system to promote the healing of MRSA biofilm-infected wounds with negligible toxicity in vivo, indicating great promise for overcoming the obstacles associated with bacterial biofilm eradication. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A Ce6 loading metal-polyphenol nanocomposite (Ce6@HSF NPs) was designed for melanoma synergistic therapy. • Ce6@HSF NPs could be used as a Fenton reagent to induce the ·OH production. • Ce6@HSF NPs can combine photodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy. • Ce6@HSF NPs can enhance the photodynamic therapy effect of Ce6. Due to the hypoxic state of the tumor microenvironment (TME), photodynamic therapy (PDT) suffers from insufficient ROS production. The metal-polyphenol network-mediated Fenton reaction can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by consuming H 2 O 2 in TME, improving the inadequate ROS generation problem of PDT. Therefore, synergistic therapy combining PDT and Fenton response-based CDT is a promising approach for cancer treatment. Herein, a metal-polyphenol nanocomposite was deposited with gallic acid grafted hyaluronic acid and Fe3+ to contrast a Ce6 nano-delivery system (Ce6@HSF NPs) for melanoma synergistic therapy. Ce6@HSF NPs could be used as a Fenton reagent to induce the ·OH production and enhance the PDT effect of Ce6 to a certain extent. After 4 h of cellular uptake, the fluorescence intensity of Ce6 in the Ce6@HSF NPs group was higher than 3 times that in the Ce6 group. The intracellular ROS generation level of the Ce6@HSF NPs (L) group combining CDT and PDT was higher than that of the Ce6 group and Ce6@HSF NPs group. In vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma studies show that Ce6@HSF NPs (L) group exhibited better anti-melanoma than other groups. Together, Ce6@HSF NPs provide a promising synergistic treatment potential for melanoma. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A rationally designed mitochondrial-targeted photosensitizer, TTTP, for PDT. • TTTP can track living cells in vitro and in vivo by two-photon fluorescence imaging. • TTTP shows selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells, particularly under irradiation. • TTTP stimulates ROS in mitochondria, activating apoptosis to inhibit tumor growth. Mitochondria are well-acknowledged as ideal targets for tumor therapy due to their important role in energy supply and cellular signal regulation. Mitochondria-specific photosensitizers have been reported to be critical for inducing cell apoptosis. Two-photon fluorescence imaging provides a new technique for delineating biological structures and activities in deep tissues. Herein, we developed a new aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active photosensitizer by attaching a pyridinium group for mitochondrial targeting. The rationally designed photosensitizer (TTTP) exhibited excellent photophysical properties, good biocompatibility, reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation ability, anticancer efficacy, and two-photon imaging properties. TTTP was highly taken up by cells and accumulated specifically in mitochondria but was selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells. Under light irradiation, the generation of ROS was significantly boosted, leading to actively induced apoptosis. The in vivo tumor photodynamic therapeutic efficacy of TTTP showed significant inhibition of tumor growth. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of TTTP tumor suppression revealed that the apoptosis agonist Bax was markedly up-regulated while the antagonist Bcl-xL was down-regulated. This research provides a potential mitochondrial-targeted phototherapeutic agent for effective therapy and two-photon fluorescence imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintessenz Zahnmedizin is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Little is known about prognostic factors that may influence the response to non-invasive treatments of patients with Bowen's disease. The aim of this study was to identify patient and lesion characteristics that are associated with a higher risk of treatment failure after 5-fluorouracil and photodynamic therapy in Bowen's disease. The hypothesis that the thickness of the Bowen's lesion and extension along the hair follicle is associated with the risk of treatment failure after noninvasive treatment was also explored., Methods: Data were derived from a non-inferiority randomized trial in which 169 patients were treated with 5% 5-fluorouracil cream twice daily for 4 weeks or 2 sessions of methylaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy with 1-week interval. All patients had histologically confirmed Bowen's disease of 4-40 mm. The initial 3 mm biopsy specimens were re-examined to measure the maximum histological lesion thickness and extension along the hair follicle. To evaluate the association between potential risk factors for treatment failure at 1-year follow-up, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals and p values., Results: Histological lesion thickness was not significantly associated with treatment failure (OR: 0.84, p = 0.806), nor was involvement of the hair follicle (OR: 1.12, p = 0.813). Lesion diameter was the only risk factor that was significantly associated with 1-year risk of treatment failure (OR = 1.08 per mm increase, p = 0.021). When using the median value of 10 mm as cut-off point, the risk of treatment failure was 23.4% for lesions >10 mm compared to 10.3% for lesions ≤10 mm (OR: 2.66, p = 0.028)., Conclusions: Only clinical lesion diameter was identified as a prognostic factor for response to non-invasive therapy in Bowen's disease., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Researchers at Xiangtan University in the People's Republic of China have developed a novel ATP-responsive ZIF-based NIR fluorescence nanosystem for enhanced chemo-photodynamic therapy of tumors. This nanosystem, named CDZ, encapsulates the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin and the photosensitizer asymmetrical cyanine dye Cy, demonstrating high stability and efficient tumor accumulation. The nanosystem releases the drugs in response to overexpressed ATP levels in tumor cells, leading to effective cancer cell inhibition and death, as well as real-time imaging of ATP levels in tumors. The research findings suggest that this ZIF-based nanosystem shows promise in treating and monitoring cancer with reduced risks of resistance and systemic toxicity. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Henan Normal University in China have developed an intelligent triple-assisted gold cluster-based nanosystem for enhanced tumor photodynamic therapy. The nanosystem targets mitochondria, relieves hypoxia, and consumes glutathione to enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. In vitro and in vivo results showed significant anticancer effects and tumor suppression, suggesting a promising approach for novel inorganic nanomedicines to improve PDT efficacy. This research was supported by various funding sources and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Research from Shihezi University has developed a nanogel coated with polydopamine that responds to reactive oxygen species, enhancing drug delivery for the treatment of brucellosis. The nanogel encapsulates photosensitized zinc phthalocyanine and an antibacterial drug, showing improved drug release and strong killing effects against Brucella. The study concludes that the nanogel, combined with photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy, achieved a bacteriostatic rate of 99.8%, offering valuable insights for treating Brucella. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) in Porto, Portugal, discusses the application of peptide-conjugated photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy. The study highlights the importance of targeting molecules, such as peptides, to improve the accumulation and targeting of photosensitizers in tumor cells, thus enhancing cancer treatment efficacy. By addressing the limitations of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT), this research aims to expand potential applications in medicine. The study was funded by the Fundo Europeu De Desenvolvimento Regional (Feder) Funds and Portuguese Funds, and the full article can be accessed for free online. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Tongji University in Shanghai, China, have developed a novel nanoparticulate system for near-infrared-triggered photodynamic therapy on breast cancer. The system, called 4TUCNP@SMZ, combines oxidized sodium alginate and 4T1 cancer cell membrane-coated up-conversion nanoparticles to target breast cancer cells effectively. The study demonstrated that these nanoparticles inhibit tumor development through chemo-dynamic therapy and photodynamic therapy, making them a versatile agent for breast cancer treatment. This research has been peer-reviewed and offers promising advancements in oncology and women's health. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Sun Yat-Sen University in China conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials related to Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs). They found that the majority of studies focused on oral lichen planus (OLP) and herbal medicine as a treatment. However, the quality of the studies was deemed unsatisfactory, with a suboptimal publication rate. The researchers suggested improvements in study design, publication standards, and registration requirements for future clinical trials on OPMDs. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a comparative study of Ergosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol and their endoperoxides in phospholipid membranes and melanoma cells. It highlights the importance of understanding oxidative damage processes in melanoma treatment and the impact of different oxidative reactions on these sterols. The study found that endoperoxides generated by singlet oxygen were more effective in reducing the viability of melanoma cells compared to their precursor molecules. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of these sterols in cancer cell death induced by oxidative reactions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Hangzhou Normal University in China have developed a new strategy for enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) by targeting the Golgi apparatus with a photosensitizer called OFBDP. By combining this photosensitizer with a glutaminase inhibitor, they were able to improve the efficacy of PDT for tumor ablation. This study highlights the potential of organelle-targeted PDT to enhance treatment outcomes and contributes to the field of subcellular photosensitizer research. The research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province and the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Polenov Neurosurgical Research Institute have conducted a literature review on photodynamic therapy (PDT) in neurooncology, focusing on the effectiveness of intraoperative PDT in increasing the radicality of operations and local control. The study highlights the importance of second-generation photosensitizers in clinical practice, such as photoditazine and 5-aminolevulinic acid, and emphasizes the need for further development of PDT techniques in neurooncology. While PDT has shown clinical effectiveness in neurooncological patients in Russia, it has not yet been included in clinical guidelines for high-tech neurosurgical care. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Johannesburg discusses the potential integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and diagnosis for cancer treatment. The research highlights the role of AI in optimizing drug discovery, improving target selectivity, and enhancing light delivery parameters for more effective cancer treatment. The study emphasizes the advancements made in AI technology over the last decade and its potential to improve human health in the future. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University in China have conducted a study on enhancing cancer treatment through the combination of photodynamic therapy and ferroptosis. The study focuses on utilizing porphyrin-engineered nanoscale metal-organic frameworks to improve the efficacy of these treatments. The research highlights the potential of these frameworks as advanced nanocarriers in oncology, offering more tailored and effective cancer therapies. This study provides valuable insights into the synergistic effects of combining photodynamic therapy and ferroptosis for multimodal cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Central University of South Bihar in India have conducted a study on fluorescent fluorinated materials and their applications in photodynamic therapy and chemical sensors. The study highlights the unique properties of fluorinated materials, such as improved performance and stability, which make them valuable in various fields including catalysis, drug-delivery, imaging, and chemical sensing. The research emphasizes the potential of fluorous chemicals and solvents in producing nano and microstructures for biological applications. This study has been peer-reviewed and provides insights into the advancements in fluorous materials for photodynamic therapy and chemical sensing. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Medical Center Hospital showcased the successful application of photodynamic therapy in treating advanced vulvar cancer after traditional surgical and chemoradiotherapy methods had proven ineffective. The patient underwent three courses of local PDT using a photosensitizer based on chlorin e6, resulting in tumor regression and stable remission. The research is available in the Biomedical Photonics journal, and the patient continues to be monitored for further progress. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China, focused on the use of nanoparticles in promoting photodynamic therapy (PDT) and antitumor immunity by inhibiting antioxidant systems. The researchers designed a nanomedicine using hydroxyethyl starch to co-load photosensitizer pyropheophorbide a (PPa) and cisplatin prodrug Pt-COOH(IV) to inhibit antioxidant systems and enhance PDT and immune responses. The study demonstrated that the nanomedicine, PtHPs, effectively reduced antioxidants, improved cell-killing effects, and promoted antitumor immune responses in both primary and distal tumors. This research provides a new strategy for enhancing PDT therapy-mediated antitumor immunity by overcoming intrinsic antioxidant systems. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Dalian University of Technology in China discusses new findings on cancer treatment through mitochondria-targeted and photo-activated CO release for synergistic photodynamic therapy. The research focuses on a photosensitizer called Cy-Mn, which releases manganese ions under laser irradiation to induce phototoxicity in cancer cells. The study also highlights the potential of Cy-Mn for fluorescence imaging in vivo, enhancing its applications in imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. This research has been peer-reviewed and offers insights into innovative approaches for cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Research conducted at a Federal University in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has focused on the use of organofunctionalized Nb2O5 nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy against A549 cancer cells. The study found that the modified nanoparticles showed promising antitumor photoactivity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of approximately 15 mu mol L-1 for both materials. This research sheds light on the potential of dye-modified Nb2O5 nanoparticles as effective agents for photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Universidad Andres Bello discusses the use of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) and Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) in treating teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. The study involved five cases of pulp necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis treated with a combination of aPDT and PBMT alongside conventional endodontic therapy. Results showed significant tissue healing and bone regeneration, indicating the efficacy of this combined therapy. Further research and trials are needed to optimize treatment protocols and assess long-term effects. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of Cukurova in Adana, Turkey, examined the impact of different photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy on the bond strength of root canal sealers to dentin. The research found that the choice of photosensitizer influenced the adhesion of sealers to radicular dentin, with the group using methylene blue showing the highest bond strength at the cervical level. This study was supported by financial assistance from Cukurova University and has been peer-reviewed. For more information, readers can refer to the Australian Endodontic Journal. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Soochow University in Suzhou, China, focused on optimizing mitochondrial-targeting groups of positively-charged Bodipy nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy. The research highlighted the development of 1-methylimidazole-modified nanoparticles as highly efficient mitochondrial-specific probes and phototherapy agents, showing promising results in targeting cancer cells and enhancing photodynamic activity. This work underscores the potential of novel mitochondrial-targeting photosensitizers for improved therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A study from Hanoi University of Science and Technology discusses the use of carbon dots as photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy. These carbon nanomaterials show promise due to their biocompatibility, stability, and ease of synthesis. The research aims to advance the translation of carbon dot-based photosensitizers from the lab to clinical applications, highlighting their potential in cancer treatment. Financial support for this study was provided by HUST, and interested readers can find more information in the journal Dyes and Pigments. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Wenzhou Medical University in the People's Republic of China have developed an activatable photosensitizer, Ce-OHOA, for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. This photosensitizer shows promise in selectively identifying and killing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with high expression of ,B-lactamase, while exhibiting low toxicity to normal cells. The study aims to provide a new solution for antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of drug-resistant bacteria, offering a potential breakthrough in the field of medical research. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Medical Center Hospital explored the use of fluorescent colposcopy in detecting multicentric foci of cervical dysplasia. The research highlighted the limitations of traditional colposcopy methods and emphasized the high sensitivity of fluorescent diagnostics in identifying dysplastic lesions on the cervix. This study suggests that fluorescent methods may offer a more effective approach to diagnosing precancerous conditions and early forms of cancer in the cervix. For more information, readers can refer to the article "Possibilities of fluorescence diagnostics in detecting multicentric foci of cervical dysplasia" published in Biomedical Photonics. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine have developed atomic-iodine-substituted polydiacetylene nanospheres that enhance phototherapeutic efficacy by blocking fluorescence emission and boosting intersystem crossing and nonradiative transition. The nanospheres show high efficiency in generating reactive oxygen species and photothermal conversion, leading to effective tumor elimination in a mouse model. This study highlights the potential of nanotechnology in improving phototherapy outcomes and may have implications for future drug development. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center have conducted a study on the use of photodynamic therapy with chlorine e6 photosensitizer in treating squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. The study included 38 patients with promising results, showing complete regression in 92.1% of cases. Factors influencing relapse-free survival and cancer-specific survival were also identified. The research suggests that photodynamic therapy is an effective alternative treatment for superficial oral cancer lesions, preserving underlying structures and promoting rapid healing with minimal scarring. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Hangzhou Normal University discusses new findings in cancer research, focusing on the development of biomarker-activatable photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). These photosensitizers target cancer-specific biomarkers to selectively generate reactive oxygen species within cancer cells, enhancing the efficacy of PDT. The research explores the design principles, mechanisms of photosensitization, and the influence of biomarkers on the activation process of these photosensitizers. The study concludes by examining the challenges and future prospects of biomarker-activatable photosensitizers for potential clinical applications in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the research on phototherapy, specifically photodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes light to produce reactive oxygen species that damage cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. The history of phototherapy dates back to ancient times when the healing properties of light were observed. Despite promising results, PDT still faces challenges and requires further research and improvement. The study emphasizes the potential of phototherapy in various fields such as dermatology, oncology, surgery, microbiology, virology, and dentistry. [Extracted from the article]

A study from Taipei Medical University discusses the use of X-ray Photodynamic Therapy (XPDT) for bladder cancer treatment, focusing on the activation of M1 macrophages by nanozymes to enhance immune responses. The research highlights the potential of nano-engineered M1 macrophages in improving therapeutic outcomes for bladder cancer and other cancers. This study has been peer-reviewed and offers a promising strategy for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. [Extracted from the article]